PRE-SPANISH PERIOD (Ancient times – 1521)docshare01.docshare.tips/files/26314/263143989.pdf ·...

Kabzeel Sheba G. Catapang | DEVC 80 (Communication and Society) | Historical Development of Philippine Media

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Philippine Media History

PRE-SPANISH PERIOD (Ancient times – 1521) An Indigenous form of communication was already in existence evidenced by writings on barks and bamboos. News were also announced by an “umalokohan” or the town crier. Literature was already developing: forms included sabi (maxim), bugtong (riddle), darangan (epic poetry), kumintang (war songs), and hudhud (wedding song). http://ww2.aijc.com.ph/PCCF/mediamuseum/timeline/timeline-pre-spanish.htm

!SPANISH PERIOD (1521-1900)

1521-1637 1800-1848 1862-1900 Folk media cenaculo, pastores, pasyon, awit corrido, balagtasan, and balitao) flourished (1521-1898).

In 1811, the first newspaper, “Del Superior Govierno,” was printed by the Spanish Governor Manuel Fernandez Folgueras in Manila as a result of the interest of the local community in the affairs of Spain. It was the first "formal" newspaper but folded after 15 issues over a six-month period.

In 1862, “El Pasig,” a bilingual fortnightly in Spanish and Tagalog, signified the advent of the native press.

In 1593, “Doctrina Christiana” (which contains basic teachings of the Roman Catholic Church) was printed by being chiselled on blocks of wood from which an inked paper impression was taken. The first printing press which was run by hand was introduced at the University of Santo Tomas in 1593.

“Diariong Tagalog,” the first native daily, came out in 1892 but lasted only from three to five months.

“Ramillete Patriotico” was published in 1821. Short-lived newspapers followed this. Spanish censorship laws at this time greatly affected newspaper publication in the Philippines.

“El Ilocano,” the first newspaper that was genuinely native, came out in 1889 and lasted until 1896.

In 1896, U.S.T. Faculty of Philosophy and Letters offered Litt. B. in Journalism, PH.B. (Bachelor of Philosophy), 1965, Present offerings include A.B.

News dissemination via print was done by the Spanish government through a one-issue newsletter called hojas volantes or flying sheets.

“La Ezperanza,” (December 1, 1846) the first daily newspaper in the country, was published by the Spaniard Miguel Sanchez but lasted only three years. It escaped censorship by camouflaging its criticisms in essays, history and philosophy.

with majors in Asian Studies, Communication Arts, Journalism, Literature, Philosophy, Political Science and Sociology.

The “Sucesos Felices,” the first Philippine newsletter, was published by Filipino

In 1893, “El Hogar,” first publication by women, was published.


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SPANISH PERIOD (1521-1900)

1521-1637 1800-1848 1862-1900 book writer Tomas Pinpin in 1637. An example of hojas volantes, Sucesos reports on Spanish successes in Mindanao and the Moluccas.

“Diario de Manila,” which came out in 1848, was the best edited newspaper and lasted until 1899.

In 1898, “Kalayaan,” the official organ of the Philippine revolutionary movement KKK, was published. Unfortunately, there was only one issue. Also published at this time were the “La Independencia,” “La Libertad,” “El Heraldo de Ilolio,” all revolutionary in theme.

In 1889, “La Solidaridad,” with articles authored by national hero Dr. Jose Rizal, was first published in Spain. “El Ilocano,” the first genuinely native newspaper was also published at this time and it lasted until 1896.

http://ww2.aijc.com.ph/PCCF/mediamuseum/timeline/timeline-spanish.htm

!AMERICAN PERIOD (1898-1940)

1898-1908 1910-1925 1926-1940 This was the age of Modern Media characterized by the Introduction of new newspapers in 1898, film in 1904, and radio broadcasting in 1922. Folk Media in the form of zarzuela and the use of taling-haga or symbolism also marked the era.

In 1912, Manila Bulletin expanded to include news of general interest and remained as a mouthpiece of the Americans even after 1946 under Taylor. It has since become Bulletin Today owned by Hans Menzi.

1929, KZRC opened in Cebu and introduced radio in the province. It was however closed down since relay signals were unsuccessful between Manila and Cebu. It was reopened a decade and later went fearlessly broadcasting on the side of the guerilla movement.

The American Soldier and the Soldier's Letter were the first English-language

The Manila Carnival became part of the Metropolitan life of the 1900's. "It was an attempt

KZRC-Cebu, introduced radio in the provinces in 1929.

newspapers in the Philippines, published by enlisted men of the 18th Minnesota Volunteers in the U.S. Army during the

to bridge the gap created by wartime animosity among Spanish, American, and Filipino residents. The carnival helped start the year

Philippine Advertising Bureau, the first Filipino-owned ad agency was founded by Florentino Garriz in 1929.

Philippine-American War of 1898. It advertised the imported products of one "Mayor Brown" the newspaper publication.

right..." The climax of the carnival was the coronation of the carnival queen. The ballots that served as points for winning as Carnival queen were printed in newspapers, leading magazines.

Vodavil, the popular pure entertainment stage performance, came to life in the early 1930's and helped people skirt the trauma of U.S. 'manifest destiny' in the Pacific, forget the drudgery of daily living, survive the tremors of American depression.


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AMERICAN PERIOD (1898-1940)

1898-1908 1910-1925 1926-1940 Manila Times founded by an Englishman, Thomas Cowan, came out on October 11, 1898. It closed after 32 years but later reopened with new owners.

In 1919, the University of the Philippines offered formal degree in journalism/communication courses in country and Asia.

In 1930, Radio gradually left the experimental stage and was becoming a dependable medium.

Official Gazette (1898) was established by the U.S. civil government in Manila to counteract the "free-swinging and often licentiuos American newspapers." (Source: Nakpil, above) ! The American, the second English language daily was published by Franklyn Brooks, a New York Journalist, on October 15, 1898.

In 1920, Manuel L. Quezon established the Philippines Herald, the first pro-Filipino nationalistic newspaper with Carlos P. Romulo, as one of its early editors.

In 1931, Radio Control Law was promulgated paving the way for the creation of the Radio Control Board that lasted until 1972. Before World War II. six leading Manila-based commercial radio stations were put up: KZRM, KZRF, KZIB, KZEG, KZRH.

El Nuevo Dia (The New Day) was published in 1900 by Sergio Osmeña, Rafael Palma and Jaime C. de Veyra.

Philippine Publicity Service, the first Advertising agency was founded by the Americans in 1921. This was followed by the Philippine Agency Service Company. Both ad agencies served as clearing houses for advertisements coming from the US.

Norman Reyes anchored Voice of Freedom. During the fall of Bataan, Norman was known for his stirring broadcasts which demonstrated what radio can do in keeping up the morale of the Filipino people...Gen Wainwrigh tannounced the surrender of Corregidor

Manila Bulletin, oldest continuously existing newspaper in the country, started

1920s, Origin of Radio Broadcasting in the Philippines

as a shipping journal in 1900. Its owner, publisher and editor was Carson Taylor, an American.

Most significant of the American era was the birth of Philippine radio in 1922. A 50-watt radio stations in Manila and Pasay was put up by

In 1904, the first movies appeared; two silent movieswere about Jose Rizal.

Henry Hermann in June 1922. Americans owned most of the pre-World War II stations, which

Philippine Free Press was founded by Judge W.A. Kincaid in 1906. It was to become at the time the most influential English-language weekly in the history of Philippine journalism.

employed mostly Americans as their announcing staff; language used is English; programming included entertainment and news. Radio became mainly an entertainment medium and was readily accepted by the public. Its profitability was


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AMERICAN PERIOD (1898-1940)

1898-1908 1910-1925 1926-1940 Sakdal, a Tagalog newspaper was founded by Benigno Ramos in 1908; it was probably inspired by Zola's novel, J' Acse (I Accuse) and was an instant hit with the masses.

recognized by local businessmen and led them to set up their own stations as channels for advertising their products/services.

In 1924, KZKZ radio operating at 100-watts replaced the radio stations established earlier by Henry Hermann.

In 1924, letter "K" was assigned to broadcasting stations in the Philippines in accordance with United States laws applicable to the country which was then an American colony.

http://ww2.aijc.com.ph/PCCF/mediamuseum/timeline/timeline-american.htm

!JAPANESE PERIOD (1941-1944)

Underground press flourished. Folk media, specifically the vodavil, had its second flowering in this era. Vodavil and zarzuela “provided people with the means of expressing popular feeling and hitting back the enemy with impunity.” Carlos P. Romulo of the Philippines Herald won the Pulitzer Prize in 1942. All radio stations were shut down except KZRH which was renamed PIAM, which the Japanese used as a mouthpiece. Manila Tribune, Taliba and La Vanguardia were allowed to publish under regular censorship by the Japanese Imperial Army. The Board of Information was created by the Japanese Army and Osaka Mainichi Publishing Company. Although radio came in 1922 during the American period, it was the 1945 liberation from the Japanese which ushered in the real birth of broadcasting in the Philippines.

http://ww2.aijc.com.ph/PCCF/mediamuseum/timeline/timeline-japanese.htm

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POST-WAR PERIOD (1946-1969) 1946-1950 1951-1960 1961-1969

KZFM, The first radio stations to reopen after the war. The U.S. government turned it over to the Philippine Government. The broadcast call letter "KZ" was replaced by "DZ" for Manila, "DW" for Luzon, "DY" for the Visayas, and "DX" for Mindanao.

Characterized by the emergence of pioneer personalities in tri-media, advertising, PR, and education; big businesses and the Press and the introduction of television in 1953.

The National Media Production Center (NMPC) was created in 1954 under the Office of the President. Its "builders" were Hernando R. Ocampo, Conrado V. Pedroche and Gregorio Cendana. NMPC was mandated to produce information and education materials for government development programs.

The newspaper Manila Chronicle, started by a group of pre-war newspapermen in 1945, was sold to businessman Don Eugenio Lopez, brother of then vice president Fernando Lopez. It built up a name as a paper quality, until it was closed by martial law.

Considered Milestones were: - the publication of pioneering works of Jose

Luna Castro - the style book of the Manila Times (1960) the

Manila Times Journalism Manual (1963) - Clear and Effective Writing (1969) of

Philippine Press Institute (PPI) - Atty. Perfecto Hernandez' books on How to

Manage a Community Newspaper and the Law of the Press Handbook.

In 1960, the Philippine Women's University also established a school in journalism.

In 1961, the National Science Development Board was established; it was the earliest initiative to use local TV for education, "Education on TV" and "Physics in the Atomic Age."

In 1946, the Commonwealth Act of the US Congress permitted the US President to grant temporary permits to operate radio stations.

In 1962, UPLB established the Department of Agricultural Information (now Development Communication).

In 1947, Philippine radio stations were required to change the first call letter from K to D with DZ standing for Luzon stations, DY for Visayas and Palawan stations, and DX for Mindanao and Sulu stations.

The establishment of communication schools/ departments in colleges & universities

Metropolitan Educational Association (META) (1964-1974) in cooperation with the Ateneo Center for Television Closed Circuit Project, produced television series in physics, Filipino and social sciences which was broadcast in selected TV stations and received by participating secondary schools. The META team was headed by Leo Larkin, J. with Josefina Patron, Florangel Rosario, Lupita Concio and Maria Paz Diaz.

In the 1950s, television came to the Philippines The establishment of professional organizations

USTand Feati University experimented with TV before it turned commercial. In Feb 1950, UST demonstrated its home-made receiver, Feati opened an experimental TV station 2 yrs later. As early as 1935, UST had graduated its 1st journalist Narciso Reyes, later to become amb.

Publishers revived pre-war newspapers like the Manila Bulletin and the Philippines Herald. The new Manila Times was established by Joaquin Roces in place of the Tribune. Up to the time of Martial law, Manila Times led all the Philippine- language dailies in circulation.

In 1965, Dr. Gloria D. Feliciano who was first Dean in UP Diliman, established the UP Institute of Mass Communication, now UP CMC


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POST-WAR PERIOD (1946-1969) 1946-1950 1951-1960 1961-1969

In 1950, Republic Broadcasting System was incorporated. DZBB-RBS (now GMA-7) goes on air. DZBB introduced political satire.

Philippine Broadcasting System under Francisco "Koko" Trinidad pioneered in development broadcasting; it aired farm

Dr. Josefina Patron became the first head of Ateneo de Manila University, Department of Communication in 1965.

programs on some radio stations and entered into regular program of exchange of cultural programs with countries in the Asian region.

The first University Press organized in March 1965 was the UP Press

In 1952, Lyceum University established a school of journalism.

In 1965 Maryknoll College established a communication department.

National Press Club was organized in 1952. By 1966, the number of privately owned TV Commercial television came in 1953 when

DZAQ-TV Channel 3, the very first station was channels was 18; ABS-CBN was the biggest network by the time Martial Law was declared.

opened in Manila by Alto Broadcasting System owned by Antonio Quirino who was brother to then president Elpidio Quirino.

In 1966, Silliman University in Dumaguete City was the first school of journalism outside Metro Manila.

By 1957, Chronicle Broadcasting Network, owned by the Lopez family, operated two TV stations - DZAQ and DZXL-TV Channel 9.

In 1968, the first provincial TV stations were established in Cebu, Bacolod, and Dagupan. The daily content was mostly canned

In 1957, the Public Relations Society of the Philippines (PRSP) was organized.

programs; only 10% of programs were locally produced.

Communication programs were established by West Visayas State College in 1965 and St. Louis University in Baguio City in 1968.

St. Paul's College in Quezon City established a communication department in 1968.

In 1969, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila established a communication department.

Factors that fostered greater openness for college grads as reporters in later years: journ-alists as part-time lecturers, publication of land-mark books on journalism by Jose Luna Castro


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POST-WAR PERIOD (1946-1969) 1946-1950 1951-1960 1961-1969

1960 and Manila Times Journalism Manual in 1963.

Some journalists at the time also served as lecturers: Jose Luna Castro, Crispulo Icban, Pocholo Romualdez, Hernando Abaya, I.P. Soliongco, and Armando Malay.

http://ww2.aijc.com.ph/PCCF/mediamuseum/timeline/timeline-post-war.htm

MARTIAL LAW PERIOD (1972-1985)

The Martial law period can be described as the Era of Guided Media and the Rise of the Alternative Press. Mass media controls were established. Editors and journalists were among the first to be arrested and incarcerated in military prison camps. It was a time of Marcos media vs. Mosquito Press or the alternative press. Media ownership became more concentrated in the hands of a few individuals or families close to the regime. There was monopolistic ownership of telecommunications by the regime's favored relatives and friends. Telephoney was monopolized by the Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company, domestic satellite by DomSat Phils., and Cable Television by Sining Makulay. "Transnationalization" of the Philippine telecommunication started as Marcos cronies were forced to enter into joint venture with foreign partners because of the capital-intensive nature of telecommunications. Among foreign partners were Cable and Wireless, Marubeni, and Siemens GTE. We Forum, started out as a weekly for the youth; became forerunner of what was called, the alternative press in the early 1980s together with the Philippine Collegian of the University of the Philippines In the 70s, Press Foundation for Asia batted for development Journalism, highlighting issues and events on population, science and technology, health, nutrition and education. Its proponents were Juan Mercado, Alan Chalkley, Jose Luna Castro and Romeo Abundo. The 1980s saw the Emergence of the Alternative Press. The assasination in 1983 of Senator Benigno Aquino released the floodgates of press freedom in the Philippines. Xerox journalism and cassette journalism made it impossible for the Marcos regime to suppress information on the tragic assasination of Aquino. There was the pre-eminence of radio as instrument of change: Radio Veritas and Radyo Bandido. Campus publications took an activist stand on social issues. The Philippine Daily Inquirer founded on December 9, 1985 became the leading newspaper after the EDSA Revolution in 1986.


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MARTIAL LAW PERIOD (1972-1985) Milestones of the Period include: - Emergence of the Development Communication as a field of study and as a profession (1970) - Publication of communication and journalism books by Filipino authors (1967, 1977, 1979, etc.) - Convening of the UNESCO International Commission for the Study of Communication (McBride Commission), 1977 - In December 1972, government information officers organized the Public Relations Organizations of the Philippines (PROP) to foster stronger

fellowship and cooperation among its members and to raise the status of PR practitioners in the government through continuing education. - In 1973, the Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster sa Pilipinas (KBP) was organized to provide mechanism for self-regulation in the broadcast industry. - Communication Foundation for Asia founded 1975 by Fr. Cornelio Lagerway, MSC pioneered in use of mass media in spreading the Word of God. - In 1976, UPLB Dept of Development Communication was the 1st institution in the world to offer undergraduate and graduate DevCom courses - The very first presidential decree reorganized the government bureaucracy and created the Department of Public Information, a first in Philippine

History. - Marcos ordered all mass media closed except for the government radio and TV stations in Manila - the Voice of the Philippines, (operated by the

National Media Production Center) and the stations of the Philippine Broadcasting System. - Far East Broadcasting Network, owned and operated by Protestant missionaries was allowed to resume operation on September 25, 1972. - All leading pre-martial law metropolitan newspapers and magazines were closed down. They include: Manila Times and sister-paper Daily Mirror;

Manila Chronicle; Philippines Free Press, the Graphic, and the Nation. - Manila Bulletin was the only newspaper that was exempted from being closed down by Marcos; on November 22, 1972 it was revived under the

new name, Bulletin Today. - Daily Express, then four months old (established June 1972) was allowed to resume operations (Juan Perez was Publisher; reportedly owned by

Roberto S. Benedicto) - Ch 9 was allowed to resume operations (Kanlaon Broadcasting Corporation, later renamed Radio Philippine Network, also owned by Benedicto) - Benedicto, a close Marcos ally took control of: (a) Radio Philippines network (6 TV, 15 radio stations); (b) Banahaw Broadcasting Corporation (2

TV, 7 radio stations); (c) Inter-island Broadcasting Corporation (8 TV, 4 radio stations) - Benedicto was also a major stockholder in telecommunications enterprises: (a) Domestic Satellite Corp.; (b) Nivico Philippines, Inc.; (c) Oceanic

Winders Corp.; and (d) Eastern Telecommunications Philippines Inc.

http://ww2.aijc.com.ph/PCCF/mediamuseum/timeline/timeline-martial-law.htm !


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EDSA PERIOD (1986)

The assassination of opposition leader Ninoy Aquino, Jr. in August 1983 proved to be a turning point in media. There emerged what was then known as alternative media - radio and newspapers which defied government instructions on how to handle news stories. Alternative media enjoyed greater credilbility than pro- Marcos "establishment media” People opted for “xerox” journalism. These were news clippings mostly from foreign newspaper and magazines and smuggled into the country by friends and relatives. So-called alternative media nurtured the democratic and freedom-loving spirit of the silent majority and prepared them for the EDSA Revolution. Church-owned Radio Veritas mobilized people power to support the rebel soldiers against Marcos military power Millions of Filipinos followed the historic event from the clandestine Radyo Bandido anchored by broadcaster June Keithley. http://ww2.aijc.com.ph/PCCF/mediamuseum/timeline/timeline-edsa.htm

!POST-EDSA PERIOD (1986 - )

The post-EDSA was a period of transition from decades of "guided newspapering" to that of free and responsible journalism Pro- Marcos "establishment" newspapers closed shop while the alternative press became the mainstream media The Aquino government sequestered Pro-Marcos establishment newspapers, the Journal group of Publications, Bulletin Today and Philippine Daily Express Major broadcast stations owned by Marcos cronies were also sequestered by the Aquino government The Philippine Press Institute was revived. Its mission was to professionalize the Philippine press through continuing education, adoption of the Journalists Code of Ethics, and the giving of Community Press Awards In 1989, the Advertising Foundation of the Philippines was organized as the "social development" arm of the industry through development advertising The period saw media personalities invading politics There was the liberalization and deregulation of the telecom sector and the emergence of mass-based Information Technologies (PCs, cellular technology http://ww2.aijc.com.ph/PCCF/mediamuseum/timeline/timeline-post-edsa.htm

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Timeline of Significant Events in Philippine Cyberage The Internet boom came late for the Filipino people, but even if they initially “lagged” behind in the global pacing they made up for it in less than 10 years, becoming avid users of Internet and shortly after, wireless communications. As the Filipino culture discovered the ability to harness the uses

of the Internet, they became addicted to it. Thus began the Cyberage of the Filipino.

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

1994 March The collaborative work of Computer Network Systems Corporation (ComNet), the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) and major Universities of the Philippines connected their wide area network (PhilNet/PhNet) to the United States via a leased line. The Philippines had officially entered the world of the Global Internet.

October Mosaic Communications, Inc. (MosCom) becomes the first commercial Internet Service Provider (ISP). Chuck Gardner starts Cyberbayan, a listing of Filipino sites, making it the country’s first online directory. US-based Ken Ilio starts Tribong Pinoy and Tanikalang Ginto, the first comprehensive site directory. De La Salle University becomes the first educational institution to put up a Web site.

1995 March The Public Telecommunications Act of the Philippines is signed into law, which among other things removed the need for value-added service (VAS) providers to secure a franchise.

June - Globe Telecom launches G-Net Internet service. - US company Sequel Concepts, Inc. sets up Infocom Technologies, Inc.

August Ticketworld offers online ticketing. October Businessworld Internet Edition, the country’s first newspaper to go online, launches.

November


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Timeline of Significant Events in Philippine Cyberage

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

1995 Davao-based Web Link becomes the first cyber café in the country. December - Urban Bank announces plans to set up online virtual bank. - MailStation Net becomes first walk-in Internet access provider

1996 January - Global Systems Interconnect, Inc. (GSI), the first Cebu-based ISP, sets up and later launches G-Spot, the country’s first search engine. - Subic announces plan to become a cybercity. February - Compuserve plans launch of Asia-Pacific service, including the Philippines. - The Philippines joins the Internet 1996 World Exposition, an online virtual exhibit. - Eiger Consulting & Information Systems (ECIS) sets up second Internet café in Katipunan, Quezon City. March - Department of Science and Technology Secretary William Padolina backs Internet freedom. April - PLDT buys majority stake in Infocom. Senator Orlando Mercado files resolution seeking an inquiry into Net porn. - ABS-CBN becomes first local TV network to put up a Web site, through ABS-CBN Interactive.

June - Filipinas Heritage Library unveils Bibliotech Internet Café. - AMA launches its own ISP, AMANet, Inc. - ISPs form association, Philippine Internet Service Organization (PISO).


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1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

1996 May - Bankard announces plan to offer home shopping and electronic payment transactions online via Bankard Online. July - Bayantel launches ISP, Bayan.Net.

September - Cybernet launches Powerhouse.net, a media portal aggregating various publications similar to Time-Warner’s Pathfinder. - Portal Inc. introduces beeper-to-email capability. - Mecklermedia and Sequel Concepts Inc. organize highly-successful Internet World Philippines ’96 at the Shangri-la EDSA Plaza Hotel. - Netscape a no-show at Internet World ’96 “Browser Brawl”, pitting Netscape Navigator 3.0 versus Microsoft Internet Explorer 3.0. November - Web Philippines, Inc. puts up online directory, Sentro, and job site, Trabaho.com. December - Subic unveils cybercity.

1997 February

- Internet directory and search engine Yehey launches. - Rival directory and search engine EDSA also launches. March - Webscape Philippines offers the first prepaid Internet card, Internet Axess. April


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1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

1997 - AOL eyes Subic as base for international service center. PISO blocks PLDT’s metering plan.

May - Urban Bank introduces its Home Virtual Banking (HVB) system to corporate and individual clients, becoming the first to offer true Internet banking services. - EpiCNet announces cable Internet access roll-out. - Abbygale Arenas wins Ms. Photogenic at the Ms. Universe 1997 pageant, based on online votes. - Clark launches own Philippine Cyber City. June - Cyberville Online announces plan to build proprietary online Cybermall.

July - Philnet launched SARNET (Science, Academe, and Research Network), to connect more than 2,000 schools. - PLDT launches PhIX (Philippine Internet Exchange), which interconnects local ISPs. It allows local Internet Service Providers, with a primary connection to the global Internet, to access and exchange local Internet transactions without accessing the Global Internet. - Bancnet becomes first ATM consortium to operate as an ISP to its member banks.

August - Satellite communications in the country Satellite technology now links Metro Manila government stations to all regions of the country. - The Mabuhay Philippines Satellite Corporation launched the first Philippine satellite, the Agila II September - IDG’s Internet Commerce Expo opens, organized by WS Expositions Group. - PLDT and Globe Telecom plan to offer ISDN.


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1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

1997 October - Portal Inc. enables the Philippine Stock Exchange (PSE) to offer online, real-time stock quotes. - Witcomm International Corp. launches WebTV. - Team Mail, the first local free e-mail provider, is established. November - NTC decides against PISO on metering. - Cyberspace, Inc. takes over Cybernet, leaving clients unable to access their e-mail accounts and hosted Web sites.

1998 January - Congressman Leandro Verceles Jr.’s RPWeb initiative that will connect more than 12,000 government offices and schools is signed by President Fidel Ramos. February - Asian ISPs gather in Manila for Apricot ’98 (Asia Pacific Rim Internet Conference on Operational Technologies). - ZakNet launches satellite Internet service. March - PHnet launches second Internet exchange, PhNet IX. - WS Computer Publishing Corp. buys Fiesta Online, which operates Yehey. - Government sets up e-commerce council. - Pinoymail launches, offering free Web-based e-mail. - Dino Ignacio’s Bert is Evil wins the IDG-organized, San Francisco-based Webby Awards for the Weird category. May - AOL begins Clark operations. - Centennial celebration sites proliferate.


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1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

1998 June - PLDT moves back metering plan to April 1999. - Philippine Internet Commerce Society (PICS) is formed. July -Senator Juan Flavier calls for Senate inquiry on metering. August - US-based international ISP Neptune8 opens local office, stirring a major flame war on ph-cyberview. - Police raid knocks out Subic cybercity computer systems. - Congressman Leandro Verceles Jr. proposes formation of a Department of Information Technology and Communications (DITC).

September - Consumer advocacy group PLDTi (Philippine League of Democratic Telecommunications, Inc.) is formed, partly to combat phone metering. October - Cable TV operator Destiny Cable launches cable Internet service. - William Padolina proposes new laws on e-commerce. - Globe Telecom is first to offer VSAT. - San Miguel Beer Online, the first local site to accept online payments, is launched.

December - The first Philippine Webby Awards, organized by The Web Philippines magazine, plays to a mix of geeks and celebs at the Hard Rock Café. - Magoos Pizza’s Web site, a pioneer in web-to-fax ordering technology, wins E-Commerce Site of the Year. - Philmusic.com grabs the Web Site of the Year award. - Yehey hosts Web site of Bb. Pilipinas pageant


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1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

1999 January - The NTC suspends Provisional Authority (PA) of PLDT’s metering scheme. February - Hacking activity against local ISPs such as Sky Internet, Infocom, and Pacific Internet increases.

May - Digitel becomes first phone company to directly offer Net access.

July - PinoyExchange, a popular online message board, launches. - E-Store Exchange, one of the few B2C success stories, launches.

September - PLDT sues Gerry Kaimo on dispute over PLDT.com. - Destiny launches cable Internet service anew. - Ayala eCenter launches. October - Philweavers, a web development community, is formed.

November - Net registry DotPH opens up .ph to international market and hikes fees. December - Union Bank of the Philippines launches Internet bank, unionbankph.com, and then successful launches EON, its youth-targeted Internet bank account.


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1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

2000 January - Catcha.com buys into Yehey. - Sky Cable offers dial-up Net access. - Centennial City is renamed Cyber Bay Corporation. - Roberto Ongpin’s group breaks from Philcom amid controversy, buys into South Seas Natural Resources to form PhilWeb.com, and becomes first Internet company in the stock exchange via a backdoor listing. February - MP3Manila.com launches. - Extelcom announces Internet plans. - Sky Cable launches ZPDee, its cable Internet service. - Home Cable launches Now Cable Internet service. - PLDT launches international Internet gateway, I-Gate. - A Cebu ordinance banning minors from Internet cafes is passed and subsequently opposed. March - Edsamail offers ISP-free e-mail. - Zurich Philippines first to offer insurance premium payments online. - Local tech stocks reach their peak, followed by a sharp drop, finally bursting the speculative bubble. April - Senator Tito Sotto files bill seeking to install software filters on computers of school libraries that offer Internet access. - The Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) launches CBCPnet.com, its kid-safe ISP. - NCC pushes for universal Net access. - Infocom offers its filtering service, Netsafe. - The Love Bug virus, later traced to Filipino student Onel de Guzman, wreaks worldwide havoc. June


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1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

2000 - E-commerce bill passed into law. - The National Information Technology Council (NITC) approves the five-year Government Information Systems Plan (GISP), also known as the Philippine Government Online. July - Six conglomerates announces formation of B2B online exchange, Bayantrade. - ABS-CBN launches its Internet portal, PinoyCentral. - Sage Casino launches. August - Pager company Easycall Communications transforms into an ISP. - Senator Tito Sotto’s proposed anti-cybersquatting bill draws flak, in reaction to a certain Mario Cruz who registers several domains of names of senators. - Onel de Guzman is released due to lack of law. - Meridian Telekoms, the first Internet telecommunications company offering broadband wireless connectivity, is launched. September - Systems Standards, Inc. launches PhilBX, an e-marketplace for SMEs. - Senator Tito Sotto proposes a service area scheme for ISPs, drawing a cool response. - Globe offers DSL (Digital Subscriber Line), the first telco to launch it (PLDT was first to announce but the service was still in its testing phase). - Informatics Holdings Philippines, Inc. launches a Web-based learning portal, PurpleTrain.com, the first e-learning vertical portal in Asia. October - ELagda.com, which sought to gather a million online signatures to petition the resignation of President Joseph “Erap” Estrada, is launched. - DFNN gets listed in the Philippine Stock Exchange through an IPO.


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1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

2000 November - Cyberactivism flourishes with sites like TAG (Transparent Accountable Governance) and anti-Erap sites. - eLagda.com organizers sends an e-mail petition to President Joseph Estrada to resign. - Asia Online realigns, becoming a full-service Internet consulting firm. - PLDT rolls out DSL. December - BPI spins off BPI Direct Savings Bank, merging its Internet and call center operations. - Meridian Telekoms introduces fixed wireless broadband service. - DTI releases ISP guidelines for VAS providers. - PLDT launches Vitro, its Internet Data Center.

2001 January - Erap.com shuts down as web developer Designet Philippines breaks up. - Complaints about DotPH mount in ph-cyberview and a flame war ensues, leading to an organized opposition against the local registry. - Selecta Dairy Products forms alliance with The Philippine Star to form Internet firm, Philstar.com. February - Telcos block VoIP guidelines. - NTC proposes optional metering. - CHED partners with Net Curricula to train the faculty of more than 100 state colleges and universities. - The owners of GMA Network and MediaQuest Holdings Inc. sign a memorandum of understanding for the purchase of 66.6% of the broadcast firm for P8.5 billion. - BSP grants authority to 10 banks to operate electronic banking transactions. - DBM announces its Electronic Procurement System (EPS) for online public bidding. - GMA Network and the Philippine Daily Inquirer forge online alliance, Inq7.net Interactive. March


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1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

2001 - PLDT invests in Netopia Computer Technologies, Inc. - PISO complains about PLDT’s pricing for its myDSL service. - Inter.net acquires Philippine operations of PSINET. - Sky Cable and Home Cable merge. - Yahoo!, Inc. wins dispute against Manila-based Yahoo Computer Services (YCS) for registering the domain names "yahoo.com.ph" and "yahoo.ph" with DotPH, Inc. - Smart Communications launches GPRS service. April - DOST proposed Alternative Communications Plan (ACP) to provide telecenters in all municipalities. - President Arroyo takes over ITECC chairmanship. - Chikka launches instant messenger service for sending SMS from PCs.This became very useful for overseas Filipinos sending messages from countries with easier access to PCs and the Internet. It also shows the predominance of SMS (short messege sending) over Internet in the Philippines. This is mainly due to the availability of service and low price of equipment (handsets versus computers). May - Two former employees of THAMES International School (TIS) become the first to be charged for hacking, piracy, and theft under the E-Commerce Act. - Election watchdog ational Citizen's Movement for Free Elections (Namfrel) makes use of Internet for Operation Quick Count. June - RCBC makes Internet main delivery channel for enterprise banking services. - PISO takes DSL complaint vs. PLDT to NTC. August - THE Philippine Multimedia Systems Inc. (PMSI) and AZ Communication Network Inc. - (AzCom) gear up to offer Dream VSAT. - Internet pioneer Willy Gan passes away.


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1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

2001 October - Bell Telecommunications, a full-service telco, starts operations. - Government portal www.gov.ph original designers K2 Interactive left in the dark as the Presidential Management Staff hands over project to Microsoft Philippines.

2002 February - Top executives lead Inter.net exodus. - Department of Justice throws out Disini’s libel appeal.

2003 April Photo Blogging makes use of cameras on MMS (Multi Messaging Service) cellular phones to send pictures to websites such as “Blogs”.

SOURCE: http://www.itnetcentral.com/Nethistory/html/_evolution.htm

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http://ww2.aijc.com.ph/PCCF/mediamuseum/timeline/timeline-cyber.htm

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