Pre-Romanticism / Romanticism Dates: c. 1780s / 1800 - c. 1850 Art of Feeling Early Artists -...
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Transcript of Pre-Romanticism / Romanticism Dates: c. 1780s / 1800 - c. 1850 Art of Feeling Early Artists -...
Pre-Romanticism / Romanticism Dates: c. 1780s / 1800 - c. 1850
• Art of Feeling• Early Artists - Francisco de Goya, William Blake, Henry Fuseli• Rebelling against the neoclassical age of reason• Jean Jacques Rousseau - Primal man, human nature, break free of chains• Leading artists: Gericault and Delacroix (French)• Based on: intuition, emotion, and imagination• Influence: Sublime, medieval and romantic tales, poems, baroque eras,
middle and far east• Tone: subjective, spontaneous, non-conformist, broke rules• Color: unrestrained, deep, rich shades, reds, lots of contrast• Subjects: legends, exotica, nature, violence, contemporary history• Genres: narratives of heroic struggle, landscapes, wild animals• Technique: quick brushstrokes, strong light and shade, contrast• Composition: use of the diagonal, unstable, chaotic, dynamic, real,
energetic brush, impact of color, elevation of contemporary and exotic subject matter, “Orientalism”, pursuit of passion,
Francisco de Goya,1746-1828 (Spanish) Family of Charles IV, 1800
• Rococo painter
• Early Court Portraits
• Court painter
• Tapestry Cartoons
• Man without and Ism”
• Velasquez “Las Meninas”, 1628
• Mockery of royalty
• Painter of the pueblo
• Ilustrado (enlightened)
Goya, Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters Los Caprichos series, 1797 - 1800
• 80 Etchings
• Satirical prints
• Public vs. private world
• Vices
Goya, They say yes and give their hand to the first comer, 1798 / You who cannot, 1798
Goya, The Disasters of War, 1810-1820Spain’s war with France
Printed 35 years after death
Goya, Executions of the 3rd of May, 1808, 1814
• French Invasion
• Madrilenos resistance
• Ferdinand VII Patron
• Resistance
• Principe Pio (hill)
• Effects of War
• Brushstroke
• Light
• Focal point
Goya, Chronos Devouring one of his children, 1820• Quinta del Sordo (Deaf’s Mans’ House)
• Black Paintings (Name by Art Historians)
Goya, Goat, 1823
• Named by his children
• Goat - devil
• Witches Sabbath
William Blake (1757-1827), Ancient of Days, 1794
• English Romantic Poet, Painter, Illustrator
• Engraver
• Engravings
• Watercolor
• Subjects
• Religion
• History
• Mythology
Blake, Red Dragon and the Woman Clothed in
the Sun, 1806-9
• Satan
• Woman = Church
• Book of Revelations
• Inspired Harris Novel
• Conflict
• Sublime
Blake, America: A Prophecy, 1793
History
U.S. and France
Freedom from British Monarchy
Henry Fuseli (1741-1825), (Swiss)The Nightmare, 1781
• England• Father - Portrait
painter• Priest• Studied
Michelangelo• Fantasy, Sublime• Freud• Mara - N. Mythology• Incubus
Fuseli, Nightmare (2 versions), 1781, 1802
Fuseli, The Night-Hag Visiting the Lapland Witches, 1796from: John Milton’s Paradise Lost
Percival Delivering Belisane from the Enchantment of Urma, 1783
• King Arthur’s Knights
• Maiden
• Urma - Wizard
• Invented scene
Gericault, Raft of the Medusa, 1818-19 (French)
• “Official” Founder of movement
• Contemporary History
• French colonialists to Senegal
• Primal Emotions
• Anatomical Studies
Studies
Gericault, Insane Woman, 1822-23The Woman with Gambling Mania, 1822
England
Etienne Georget, Psychiatrist
Study of Physiognomy
Gericault, Man with Delusions 1819-22 Portrait of a kleptomaniac, 1819-22
Delacroix, Death of Sardanapalus, 1826•Student of Guerin & Gericault
•2nd Leader
•Salon shows
•Outspoken
•Byron Play
•Orientalism
• Assyrian
• Imagination
•Chaos, drama
•Heightened emotion
•Rubenite (color)
•Vignette
Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People, 1830
French Revolution
Proletariat - working class
Contemporary History
Delacroix, Massacre at Scio, 1824
• Greeks Vs. Turks
• War of Independence
• Sickness & despair
• Before Massacre
Delacroix, Greece Expiring on the Ruins of Missolonghi, 1827
•Emblematic
•Greek suicide
•Freedom
Romantic Landscape
•Jean Jacques Rousseau
•Cistercian Abbey
•Near Artist’s home
•Universal Spirit
•Temples
•Altarpieces
•Death/desolation
•Destruction of time
•Unity/harmony
•Sublime
Caspar David Friedrich (1774-1840, German)
Abbey in the Oak Forest, 1809-10
Cloister Graveyard in the Snow, 1810
Friedrich, Wanderer, , Moonrise over the Sea, 1817•Nostalgia
•Sublime
•Moods
–Isolation
–Loneliness
•Modern Man
Joseph Mallord Turner, 1175-1851, (English)Burning of the Houses of Lord and Commons, October 16, 1834, 1835
• Abstract
• Elements
• Power
earth, fire, water, air
• Observation
• Layers of pure color
• “painterly”
Turner, Rain, Steam, and Speed - The Great Western Railway, 1844
• Technology vs. Nature
• Industrial Revolution
• Elements
• Power
• Calmness/order
• Abstract
Turner, Slave Ship, 1838
•Contemporary events
•Slaves thrown overboard
•Insurance
•Turner’s Style?
John Constable, The Haywain, 1821
• Stayed close to home
• Skying
• Teacher/Critic
• Meteorologist
• Nostalgia
• Industrialization
Constable, Hadleigh Castle, Mouth of Thames, Morning after a storm, 1829
• Decay
• Loss
• Sentimentality
Thomas Cole (1801-48), View of Mt. Holyoke, Northampton, MA, after a thunderstorm (The Oxbow), 1836
English
“Hudson River School”
East Coast
Preservation
Transcendentalism
Manifest Destiny
Moral/religious
AMERICAN ROMANTIC LANDSCAPE PAINTING
Cole, Course of the Empire, 1836
Savage
Arcadian
Consummation
Destruction
Desolation
Bierstadt, Among the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, 1868
Elements of Romantic landscape paintings?
Frederick Church (1826-1900), Twilight in the Wilderness, 1860
• Connecticut
• Constructed Landscape
• Student of Cole
• Travels to capture Virgin land
• Divine light
• Pre-Civil war
Church, Heart of the Andes, 1824
• Columbia
• Ecuador
• Peru
George Inness, The Lackawanna Valley, 1855
• Pennsylvania
• Signs of Invasion
• Manifest Destiny
Neoclassicism / Romanticismcompare/contrast
Elizabeth Vigee-Lebrun (1755-1842), Portrait of Marie Antoinette with her Children, 1787
• Guiard and David’s Rival
• Father portrait painter
• French Royal Academy + Academy of St. Luke
• Court Painter
• 900 paintings
• Rubenite
• Personal friend of Queen
• Ideal Queen and Mother
• “Virtuous Women”
• Combat negative press
• References to deceased child
• Never publicly displayed
Vigee-Lebrun, Self Portrait 1790, Self Portrait with Daughter, 1786
• 40 self-portraits
• Artistic success
• Aristocrats
• Aligned politically with upper classes
• 12 years in exile
• Austria and Russia