Pre-Edo fort (16th c. sengoku period). “Three unifiers” and emergence of “Baku-han” order...
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Transcript of Pre-Edo fort (16th c. sengoku period). “Three unifiers” and emergence of “Baku-han” order...
![Page 1: Pre-Edo fort (16th c. sengoku period). “Three unifiers” and emergence of “Baku-han” order Oda Nobunaga Toyotomi Hideyoshi Tokugawa Ieyasu Images from.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce45503460f949b052e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Pre-Edo fort (16th c. sengokuperiod)
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“Three unifiers” and emergence of “Baku-han” order
• Oda Nobunaga
• Toyotomi Hideyoshi
• Tokugawa Ieyasu
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Images from “D-project”
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1855 map of Japan by Richard Hildreth (Phillips, Sampson and Co.) Map courtesy of the University of Texas Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin
UT library site 1855 map
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Edo-era castle
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Kumamoto castle
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Tokugawa-era castletownBrown=high-ranking SamuraiTan=lower-level samuraiOrange/yellow=merchant areasBlue=shrines and temples
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4 status system
• Samurai– Ruling class, 10% of population
• Peasant– Agrarian-based society/economy
• Artisan• Merchant
• Artisan• Peasant• Merchant• Samurai
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Troubles within
• Urbanization• Commercialization• Bureaucratization
• Peasant disturbances• Samurai intellectual discourse
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Peter Duus, “Weapons of the weak, weapons of the strong:--the development of the Japanese political cartoon.” Journal of Asian Studies 60.4 (Nov. 2001).
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Motoori Norinaga
• Deciphers Kojiki• Mito domain• National Learning (Kokugaku)
• Aizawa Seishisai (active 1820s), kokutai, and sonno joi.
“Revere the Emperor; Expel the barbarian”
“national body”
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End of Baku-han order I
• Perry visit, 1853-54• Abe requesting all daimyo opinions
• Hotta requesting imperial sanction of Harris Treaty
• Ii Naosuke signing treaty, Ansei purge, his assassination (Mito and Satsuma shishi)
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Perry’s landing (1853)
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Perry’s landing (1853) alternate print
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Townsend Harris at Zempukuji
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Ii Naosuke
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End of Baku-han order I
• Perry visit, 1853-54• Abe requesting all daimyo opinions
• Hotta requesting imperial sanction of Harris Treaty
• Ii Naosuke signing treaty, Ansei purge, his assassination (Mito and Satsuma shishi)
![Page 17: Pre-Edo fort (16th c. sengoku period). “Three unifiers” and emergence of “Baku-han” order Oda Nobunaga Toyotomi Hideyoshi Tokugawa Ieyasu Images from.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce45503460f949b052e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
End of Baku-han order II
• Union of Court and Camp (kobu gattai), 1860-64
• “Men of high spirit,” escalation of political violence: – 1862 Richardson killed--Satsuma bombed 1863
– 1863 firing on ships off Shimonoseki (Choshu)--foreign retaliation 1864
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Final showdown
• Tokugawa self-strengthening• Satsuma-Choshu alliance• Shifting meaning of sonno joi, “revere the Emperor, expel the barbarian.”
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Satsuma residence in Edo
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Satsuma samurai at Heian (Kyoto) temple
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Saigo Takamori
• Saigo statue in Ueno Park, erected 1890s.
• Symbol of loyalty
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Meiji emperor
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Western trading ships
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Older samurai
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Samurai and attendant
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Fukuzawa in Paris (1862)
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Fukuzawa Yukichi (1898)
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Bank of Japan10,000 yen note, 2002-
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Saigo Takamori
• Leader of Satsuma forces taking possession of imperial palace 1868--Meiji Restoration
• Leader of Satsuma Rebellion 1876/77