PRE-BREEDING IN NORDIC COUNTRIES NMR PROJECT · Växjö2008 BREEDING: VEGETABLES 0 0 0 0 0...
Transcript of PRE-BREEDING IN NORDIC COUNTRIES NMR PROJECT · Växjö2008 BREEDING: VEGETABLES 0 0 0 0 0...
PRE-BREEDING IN NORDIC COUNTRIES
NMR PROJECT
OBJECTIVETo investigate the need for collaborative
efforts to strengthen Nordic plant breeding. This in view of demand for new genetic material linked to effects of Climate Change and the structural changes that have taken place in plant breeding over the last decade
Nordic Plant breedingTHE PROCESS
• Reference group
•NMR meeting in Växjö 2008
•Visits to companies/institutes/organiz
•Discussions with rel. ministries
• Presentation to ministers July 2009
• Final report autumn 2009
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Nordic Plant breeding
THE BREEDING CHAIN
• Education and research
• Conservation and utilization of genetic
resources
• Pre-breeding
• Breeding of cultivars/varieties
• Testing
WHAT IS PRE-BREEDING?
- To introduce new desirable traits/genes into an adapted genetic background
- To broaden the genetic base in abreeding material in pace with environmental changes
- To develop new methodology
The step before the practical breeding :
NordGen 2009 Växjö 2008The Nordic area: large regional
and climatic differences!
Växjö 2008 What will climatic change mean to the Nordic area ?
Changes in vegetation period
(Fogelfors 2008)
2025
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>3 000 ha
2 000 - 3 000
1 000 - 2 000
500 - 1 000
100 - 500
50 - 100
10 - 50
<10
0
(Fogelfors 2008)
Change in maize cultivation2002 – 2007
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DISEASE RESISTANCE – a large challenge
Powdery mildew in wheat
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NEW SPRING WHEATS IN NORWAY�Polkka
– New 1992 – susceptible 1992
�Brakar
– New 1995 – susceptible 1996
�Zebra
– New 2001 – susceptible2003
�Bjarne
– New 2002 – susceptible 2004
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Fungicide sales in Finland / tn a.i.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
FUNGICIDE SALES IN FINLAND
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KAUKORANTA TIMO et al. 1996
”Increase of one degree in averagetemperature= one fungicid treatement more per year”
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Climatic changes – what do we know?
• Increased temperature – heat stress, earliness
• Changed precipitation – drought and more rain
• Winter – harmful spring frost
• Pest and diseases – new resistances needed
• New cultivation systems - crops are moved to the
north, no change of the light
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Växjö 2008THE NORDIC MAP OF
BREEDING
Växjö 2008
2
1
1
3
1
BREEDING:
Agricultural crops
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BREEDING:
VEGETABLES
0
00
0
0
Växjö 2008BREEDING:
FRUITS and BERRIES
0
0
SLU
MTT
GRAMINOR
TRENDS
Increased diversity: new actors
• Local production
• Organic farming
• “New Nordic food” –
origin important!
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GENETIC RESOURCES ARE
CURRENTLY UNDERUTILIZED!!!!
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PIIKIÖ 2008
The NORDIC area has unique older cultivars
but marginal (or no) breeding in many
crops!!
Diversity in oats: Nordic material has
a very restricted variation!! Factorial analysis: Axe s 1 / 2
-.3 -.25 -.2 -.15 -.1 -.05 .05 .1 .15 .2
.25
.2
.15
.1
.05
-.05
-.1
-.15
-.2
9741A41-4-6-86 A.sativa
AC Assiniboia
AC Aylmer
AC Marie
AC Medallion
AC Rigodon
AC Ronald
Aarre
Ac Goslin
Ajay
Assiniboia/S42
Avena Eurabbie
Avena Fulghum
Avena Kangaroo
Avena MN841801-1
Avena Mortlock
Avena Noble-2
Avena Norline
Avena Potoroo
Avena Sun II-1
Avena W intok
Avena sativa L. 2006BT14/1RAvena sativa L. 2006BT14/1S
Avena sativa L. 2006BT47/3RAvena sativa L. 2006BT47/3S
Avena sativa L. 2006BT70/4RAvena sativa L. 2006BT70/4S
Aveny (SW 01168)Belinda
Bia (SW 00137)
Blaze
Brochan
Bullion
Bulwark
CDC Baler CDC Boyer
CDC Dancer
CDC Orrin
CDC Sol-Fi
CDC W eaver
CI 1712 A.sativa
CI 4706 A.sativa
CI 9416-1 A.sativa
Calibre
Capital
Cascade
Cilla
Coker 227
Coker 833
D921-643
Dal
Dancer
Domingo (SW 00448) Dominik (Bauer)
Drummond
Exeter
Expression
Finnish
Florida 501
Freja
Furlong
Fyris
GS7
Gem
Graakall
Grey W interHendon
HiFiHird
Hurdal
IA98822-2
IL00-7267
IL02-8658
IL2858-1
IL86-5262
IL86-5698IL86-5698-3
IL97-19238
IL98-10145
IL99-1338
Ivory (Nordsaat)
Jay
Jerry
Jordan
Kanota
Kapp
Kaufman
Korgen
Kvitodal
Lamont
Leggett
MAM17-5
MN841810 A.sativa
Maldwyn
Marion (Canada)
Martin
Matilda
MelysMoholtMonida
Morton
Mustang
Nora OA516-2
OT3006
OT380
OgleOgle 1040
Otana
PI 189733 A.sativa
PI 260616-1 A.sativa
PI 263412-1 A.sativa
Pol
Powel l
Provena
Racoon
Richard
Rodney 0
Roope
S147
S172
SW Betania
SW Kerstin
SangSesqui
Sol-Fi
Solva
Spurs
Starter
Stout cv. A.sativa
Svea
TAM O-301
TAM O-397
TAM-O-405
Terra
Triple Crown
Troy
UFRGS 14
UFRGS 16; Pacheco; Brazil
UPF 16
UPFRGS 046054-2
URS 20
URS 21
URS 22
URS GUAPA
VAO-2
Veli
Vista
W 95116
W IX 7955-1
Ylitornio
Z615-4
Nordic
oats
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CONCLUSIONSObjectives for a joint Nordic
engagement
• Climatic changes – new demands
• The goals for environmental and regional development are similar
• International focus on large crops and markets – the Nordic area is in the periphery with many small submarkets
• Regional development is of Nordic interest
• Use of genetic resources should increase
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CONCLUSIONS 1
• Climate change will have a strong impact on
future agriculture
• Genetic resources are currently underutilized
• Pre-breeding is a necessary prerequisite for
agricultural development
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CONCLUSIONS 2• Pre-breeding has considerable support in
other EU-countries
• The Nordic countries are small, fragmented
markets
• Concern for future competitiveness for Nordic
Plant Breeding
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PROPOSAL PPP 1
• Establish Public-Private Partnership: 2010
• Scope:- Broadening of the genetic base for adaptation to
Climate Change - Introduction of specific genetic variation- Development of tools for breeding and selection
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• Funding:
- 60 % public, through NMR budget- 40 % breeding companies/public breeding
• Execution: At Nordic universities, institues and/or
companies. No funding of new, larger infrastructures
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PROPOSAL PPP 2
• Administration: NordGen
• Steering Committee:
- Society 2-4 (incl. chairman)- Academy 2 - Plant Breeding Community 2-4
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PROPOSAL PPP 3
• ResultsConsortium agreements including policy on publications and access to Intellectual Property
• International cooperationOpen for non-Nordic partners if this adds value and is agreed upon
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PROPOSAL PPP 4
• Re-assessment: every 2nd year
• Re-evaluation: every 5th year
• Project proposals:
Initiatives from Plant Breeding companies/entitiesSteering Committee etc.
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PROPOSAL PPP 5NMR PROJECT ON PLANT BREEDING
Further tasks
BALTIC STATES
• How can the Baltic states take part in the suggested Public-Private-Partnership?
• How to involve the Baltic states in the considerations about joint testing?
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