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8/9/2019 Prc-simulated Nle#5-A
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NTC PRC SIMULATED NLE#5-AANSWERS &RATIONALES
1 Prepared by: NTC Research Team
Facebook Account: www.facebook.com/nursing.tutor ial
Email : nur [email protected]
1. B. Headofthebedelevated45degreeswithalargepillowundertheheadandshoulders
2. D. Wrapherhandsinsoftmittenrestraints
3. A. Respondtohercrudeeffortsofspeaking
4. C. Reinforcingthedressingandnotifyingthedoctorimmediately
5. C. PreventincreasedICP
6. D. Theclientsneedsandproblems
7. C. Tofacilitateahelpingrelationship
8. C. Mrs.L.30yearsoldisadmittedtothehospitalforthefirsttimeforacuteappendicitis.
Rationale:
Thereare2factorsthatmayaffectcommunicationnamely,PersonalandEnvironmentalFactors.Personalfactorsthatcanimpedeaccuratetransmissionorinterpretationofmessagesincludeemotionalfactors(e.g.,mood,knowledgelevels,languageuse)andsocialfactors(e.g.,previousexperience,differencesinculture,language).Patientswithrightsidedhemiplegiahasdifficultyinspeaking.DifferencesinlanguageinOptionBanddifficultyinspeakinginOptionDarefactorsthatmakeitimpossibletohaveaneffectivecommunicationsincethemessagecannotbeunderstood.OptionsAandCbothdealswiththepainwhichaffectsthemoodofthepatient.ThepainofcervicalcancerisworstcomparedtoanacutepainsufferedbythepatientwithAP.Althoughpainmayaffectthemoodofthesender/receiver,themessagescanstillbeunderstoodandamongthechoicesCistheleastto
hindercommunication.
9. C. Listening
10. D. Needstounderstandthatpatientsmaytestherbeforehecanacceptandtrusther.
11. C. Smokingandlackofexercise
12. B. Lossofbonemassinthevertebraldiscs
13. B. Decreases
14. C. Islessstableandbalancedwhenwalking
15. B. Fractures
16. C. ItisaPhysiologicresponsetostress
17. C. Mild
Rationale:Levelsofanxiety
AnxietyLevel Responses
Mild Sharpenedsenses
Increasedmotivation
Effectiveproblemsolving
INCREASEDLEARNINGABILITY
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NTC PRC SIMULATED NLE#5-AANSWERS &RATIONALES
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18. B. Suppression
Rationale:
Suppressionistheanswer.Suppressionisconsciouslydonewhilerepressionisunconsciouslydone.Suppressionisreplacingthedesiredgratificationwithonethatismorereadilyavailable.Repressionisexcludingemotionallypainfuloranxiety-provokingthoughtsandfeelingsfromconsciousawarenessRegressionismovingbacktothepreviousdevelopmentalstagetofeelsafeorhaveneedsmetProjectionistheunconsciousblamingofunacceptable inclinationsorthoughtsonanexternalobject
19B.Transactionbasedmodel
20. D. Mobilizeenergyneededforadaptation
21. C. Increasedsensoryinputbroughtaboutbyunlimitedvisitorsfromfamiliesandfriends
22. D. Theyshowpoorsocialjudgment
23. A. Minimaluseofdirecttouch
24.D. Standslightlyinfrontoftheclientsnondominantsideallowingtheclienttograspthenursearm
25. C. Usevisualaideandgesturestoenhancethespokenword
26.A. Denial
Rationale:
Krismanifesteddenial.Denialisthefailuretoacknowledgeanunbearablecondition;failuretoadmittherealityofasituationorhowoneenablestheproblemtocontinue Otheroptionsareinappropriate.ProjectionistheunconsciousblamingofunacceptableinclinationsorthoughtsonanexternalobjectRationalizationisexcusingownbehaviortoavoidguilt,responsibility,conflict,anxietyorlossofself-respectCompensationisoverachievementinoneareatooffsetrealorperceiveddeficienciesinanotherarea
27.B.Sublimation
Rationale:
OptionBistheanswer.Sublimationisexhibitingacceptablebehaviortomakeupforornegateunacceptablebehavior.
Denial
is
the
failure
to
acknowledge
an
unbearable
condition;
failure
to
admit
the
reality
of
a
situation
or
how
oneenablestheproblemtocontinueDisplacementistheventilationofintensefeelingstowardspersonslessthreateningthantheonewhoarousedthosefeelingsIdentificationismodelingactionsandopinionsofinfluentialotherswhilesearchingforidentityoraspiringtoreachapersonal,socialoroccupationalgoal
28D.Regression
Rationale:
Urinatingonthepantscanbeseenintoddlers(toilettraining),thereforeMr.Pascualregresstoitspreviousdevelopmentalstage.Regressionismovingbacktothepreviousdevelopmentalstagetofeelsafeorhaveneedsmet.
SublimationisexhibitingacceptablebehaviortomakeupforornegateunacceptablebehaviorDenialisthefailuretoacknowledgeanunbearablecondition;failuretoadmittherealityofasituationorhowoneenablestheproblemtocontinueDissociationisdealingwithemotionalconflictbyatemporaryalterationinconsciousnessoridentity
29.D. Repression
Rationale:
AccordingtoFreud-Repression,anunconsciousactionthatexhibitsaforgottenhistoryisoneofthedefense
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mechanismsusedinpatientswithpersonalitydisorderRepressionisexcludingemotionallypainfuloranxietyprovokingthoughtsandfeelingsfromconsciousawareness(FixationisimmobilizationofaportionofthepersonalityresultingfromunsuccessfulcompletionoftasksinadevelopmentalstageDenialisthefailuretoacknowledgeanunbearablecondition;failuretoadmittherealityofasituationorhowoneenablestheproblemtocontinueReactionformationisactingtheoppositeofwhatonethinksorfeels
30. C. Reactionformation
Rationale:
Reactionformationisactingtheoppositeofwhatonethinksorfeels.Depressedpatientactinoppositebyactingliketheremoodiselevated(mania)althoughtheyareactuallydepressed. DisplacementisventilationofintensefeelingstowardpersonslessthreateningthantheonewhoarousedthosefeelingsDenialisthefailuretoacknowledgeanunbearablecondition;failuretoadmittherealityofasituationorhowoneenablestheproblemtocontinue.Compensationisoverachievementinoneareatooffsetrealorperceiveddeficienciesinanotherarea
31. D. Speaktoclientinshort,simplesentences
Rationale:
OptionsAandBarefalsereassuranceandadvising,thereforeuntherapeutic.Givingadetailedexplanationisinappropriatesincepatientinpanicstatelacktheabilitytoconcentrate.SpeakinginbriefstatementusingsimplewordsisthemostappropriateinterventionfortheclientexperiencingpanicanxietyOptionDistheanswer.
32.
A.Benzodiazepines
Rationale:
TheanswerisBenzodiazepines(Anxiolytic).Benzodiazepineshaveprovedtobethemosteffectiveinrelievinganxietyandarethedrugsmostfrequentlyprescribed.BenzodiazepinesproducetheireffectbybindingtoaspecificsiteonGABAreceptor.Imipramine(Tofranil)-acycliccompoundantidepressant.Thecycliccompoundsbecameavailableinthe1950sandforyearsbecomethetreatmentofchoicefordepressionalthoughtheycausevarying degreesofsedation,orthostatichypotensionandanticholinergicsideeffects.Clozapine(Clozaril)isanantipsychotic.Majoractionsofallantipsychoticsinthenervoussystemistoblockreceptorsfortheneurotransmitterdopamine.Lithiumisthemostestablishedmoodstabilizingagents.Mood-stabilizingdrugsareusedtotreatbipolardisorderbystabilizingtheclientsmood,preventingorminimizingthehighsandlowsthatcharacterizedbipolarillness,and
treatingacuteepisodesofmania
33.B.Generalizedanxietydisorderischaracterizedbyanxietythatlastlongerthan6months
Rationale:
OptionBistheanswer.Generalizedanxietydisorderischaracterizedbyatleast6monthsofpersistentandexcessiveworryandanxiety.OptionAisPosttraumaticstressdisorder(PTSD).PTSDischaracterizedbyre-experiencingofanextremelytraumaticevent,avoidanceofstimuliassociatedwiththeevent,numbingofresponsiveness,andpersistentincreasedarousal;itbeginswithin3monthstoyearsaftertheeventandmaylastafewmonthsoryearsOptionCisacharacteristicofObsessive-compulsivedisorder(OCD).OCDinvolvesobsessions(thought,impulses,orimages)thatcausemarkedanxietyand/orcompulsions(repeatedbehaviorsormentalacts)thatattempttoneutralizeanxiety
OptionDistoogeneralandmaybeapplicabletoanxiouspatients.Thereforenottheanswer.
34.C. Severe.
35. D. Panic
Rationale:
Anxietyisavagueuneasyfeelingofdiscomfortordreadaccompaniedbyanautonomicresponseandafeelingofapprehensioncausedbyanticipation ofdanger.Panicisthe answer,itisnot amanifestationbut
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ratheranAnxietylevel.Otherchoicesaremanifestations.
36.A. Delusion
Rationale:
OptionAistheanswer.Delusionisafixedfalsebelief.Intheabovesituationthepatientisexperiencingpersecutoryorparanoiddelusion.ThismeansthattheclientbelievesthatothersareplanningtoharmhimetcOptionBisaninappropriateanswer.IllusionisamisperceptionofactualenvironmentalstimuliHallucinationisafalsesensoryperceptionsorperceptualexperiencesthatdonotreallyexistingreality.Hallucinationinvolvesthe5senses,auditoryhallucinationisthemostcommonOptionCisalsoaninappropriate,theabovesituationdoesnotmanifestvisualhallucinationsincethereisnovisualdistortionbutratherafalsebeliefthatthenurseisgoingtoharmhim.
Option
D
is
also
incorrect,
Ideas
of
reference
is
a
false
impression
that
the
external
events
have
special
meaning
foraperson
37. D. Disturbanceofthought
Rationale:
OptionDistheanswer.Thoughtprocessreferstohowclientthinks.Delusionisafixedfalsebeliefandadisturbanceofthought.Otheroptionsarewrong.Psychomotordisturbancerelatestothe psychological processes associated with muscular movement and to theproduction of voluntary movements. Delusion is not a psychological disturbance.Mania ia an example of a mood disturbance. Mania is a distinct period during which the mood is abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive and irritable.Hallucination not delusion is a disturbance of perception. Hallucination is a false sensory perceptions orperceptual experience that do not really exist
38.B.Expressdoubtanddonotargue
39.B. Itsmealtime.Letsgosothatyoucaneat.
Rationale:
OptionBistheanswer,othersareinappropriateresponse.OptionAisreinforcingtheclientsdelusion-untherapeutic.OptionCisinappropriate,thenurseshouldexerciseautonomy.OptionDisjudgmental-untherapeutic.UsingtheprocessofeliminationOptionBistheanswer.Itisaconsistentandstraightforward.Beingparticularlystraightforwardisessentialforthesuccessofthenurse-clientrelationship forparanoidpatients
40.A. Dystonia
Rationale:
Dystoniaistheanswer.Dystoniaincludesacutemuscularrigidityandcramping,astiffandthicktonguewithdifficultyinswallowingandinseverecases,laryngospasmandrespiratorydifficulties.Spasmsorstiffnessinthe musclegroupscan producetorticollis(twistedheadand neck),opisthotonus(tightnessintheentirebodywiththeheadandanarchedneck),oroculogyriccrisis(eyesrolledbackinalockedposition).NMS ispotentiallyfatal.MajorsymptomsofNMSarerigidity,highfever,autonomicinstabilitysuchasunstablebloodpressure,diaphoresis, andpallor;deliriumandelevatedlevelsofenzymes,particularlycreatinephosphokinase
Akathisiaisreportedbytheclientastheintenseneedtomoveabout.Theclienthasinabilitytositstillorrestwhichoftenleadstheclienttodiscontinuetheirmedication.PseudoparkinsonismresemblesthesymptomsofParkinsonsdiseaseand includestiff,stooped posture,amask-like
facies,
decreased
arm
swing;
a
shuffling,
festinating
gait;
cogwheel
rigidity;
drooling;
tremor;
bradycardia;
and
coarsepillrollingmovementsofthethumbandfingerswhileatrest
41D.Presenceofmania
42.C.Lithiumcarbonate(Eskalith)
Rationale:
Lithiumisthemostestablishedmoodstabilizingagents.Mood-stabilizingdrugsareusedtotreatbipolardisorder
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bystabilizingtheclientsmood,preventingorminimizingthehighsandlowsthatcharacterizedbipolarillness,andtreatingacuteepisodesofmania
Amitriptyline(Elavil)isanantidepressant.Itisthoughttoactprimarilybyblockingthereuptakeofnorepinephrineandtoalesserdegree,serotoninPhenelzine(Nardil)isanantidepressant (MAOI).TheyactbyinhibitingtheenzymeandinterferinginthedestructionofthemonoamineneurotransmittersDiazepam(Valium)isusedtotreatextrapiramidalsideeffectsofneurolepticsValiumhastheabilitytobindtospecificreceptorsadjacenttotheGABAreceptors
43. C. Psychoanalysis
44C. Describeacceptablebehaviorandsetrealisticlimitswiththeclient
45. D. Cleaningthedayroomtables
46. A. Tremor
47.B. Maintainingasafeenvironment
Rationale:
IndealingwithpatientwithParkinsonsdiseaseSAFETYisthepriority.Maintainingbalanceinnutrition,restandactivity,nutrition,hydrationandeliminationcomesnext.OptionCisinappropriate,Parkinsonsdiseasedoesnotaffecttheimmunesystem.AlthoughDiversionalactivityisappropriatepatientssafetyisthepriority
48.D. Tocoincidewithpeakactionofdrugtherapy
49. D. Tomaintainoptimalbodyfunction
Rationale:
OptionDistheanswer.Oneofthegoalsforpatientswithdementiaistomaintainanadequatebalanceofactivityandrest,nutrition,hydration,andelimination.OptionsAandBarewrong,medicationsonlyslowsdown,notstoporcure,thedisease.AlthoughOptionCcanbeappropriate,OptionDoffersthebestandmorespecificanswer.
50.C. Praisetheclientforherdesiretobeindependentandgiveherextratimeandencouragement
Rationale:
Oneofthegoalsforpatientswhohasdementiaisforthemtofunctionasindependentlyaspossible.PraisingtheclientforherdesiretobeindependentistheBESTINITIALresponseforthenurse.Thiswillreinforcetheclientsdesiretobeindependentandwillpromotecooperation.OptionsBandDiscontrarytothenursinggoals.Option
maybecorrectbutitdoesntreinforceindependence
51. B. Limitthenumberofhandwashings
Rationale:
BasedonMaslowshierarchyofNeedsitisphysiologicfirstbeforepsychologic.Sincethepatientalreadyhadareddened,scalyandcrackedhandsthenurseshouldlimithandwashingtopreventfurtherskinbreakdown.OptionDisonlyappropriateifthepatientsskinintegrityisokay.OptionsAandCaredistractors,anappointmentwasnotstatedintheabovesituation
52A. Astructuredscheduleofactivities
53. A. Allowheracertainamountoftimeeachshifttoengageinthisbehavior
54. C. Drinking8ozwatereveryhourbetweenmeals
55.B. Limitsherhandandfacewashingtofewtimesaday
56.A.Tellhimfirmlythatifhedoesnotcontrolherself,thestaffwillhelphimcontrolherself
57.C.Severeparenteralrejection
58. D. Lackofparentalloveanddiscipline
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59.B. Protectsothersfrombeingmanipulated
60. B. Consistency
61.B.Focuseslightraysintotheretina
62C. Blurredandhazyvision
63.A.Dilatationofthepupilsandconstrictionofbloodvessels
64. D. Medicatetheclientwithantiemetic,asordered
65B. Wearingeyepatchesforthefirst72hours
66. D. Mychildhadanaccidentwhileriddingatricycle
Rationale:
Warningsignsofchildabuseincludesunusualinjuriesforthechildsageandlevelofdevelopment(Videbeck,201).OptionDistheanswer.OptionDisonlyappropriatefora3yearoldchildotheroptionsareconsistentwiththechildsdevelopmentalstage.
67.B.Tellthechildtogettoherregularactivities
Rationale:
OptionBisthebestanswer.OptionsA,CandDaretoojudgementalandadvisingisuntherapeutic.
68. A. Policestation
Rationale:
OptionAisthecorrectanswer.Thepoliceisthepropergovernmentagencywhohastheauthorityoverthiscase.BantayBataisa24/7hotlinewhichprovidestelephonecounselingandreferralofreportedcasesofchildabuse.Moreimportantly,itprovidesrescueservicesinresponse tocrisissituations, withlocalgovernmentandpoliceassistance.Trainedsocialworkersfieldabout5,000callseveryday,withalmost1.3%ofthesecallsnecessitatingattention.Theschoolandtheparisharenottheproperagencytocall.
69.D.Helpingtheclientdevelopsafetyplan
Rationale:
OptionDistheanswer.SAFETYisthepriority.Thefirstpartoftreatmentforchildabuseorneglectistoensurethechildssafetyandwell-being.Thismayinvolveremovingthechildfromthehome,whichalsocanbetraumatic.Giventhehighriskforpsychologicalproblems,athoroughpsychiatricevaluationisalsoindicatedOtheroptions,althoughapplicable,canbedonelateraftertheclientssafetyisensure
70. C. Powerlessnessrelatedtoabusivehusband,asevidencedbyinabilitytomakedecisions
71. D. Hyperactivity,talkativeness,euphoria
Rationale:
OptionDistheanswer.Intoxicationfromstimulantsdevelopsrapidly;effectsincludethehighoreuphoricfeeling,hyperactivity,talkativeness,anxiety,grandiosity, hallucinations,anger,fighting,andimpairedjudgment
OptionCisfor
inhalant
intoxication;
other
choices
does
not
refer
tostimulant
intoxication.
72B. ThismedicationwillblocktheeffectsofanyopioidsubstanceItake.
73C. Assessingtheclientsbloodpressure
Rationale:
OptionCisthebestanswer.Clonidinewasinitiallymarketedforhighbloodpressure,butitisalsoaneffectivesomatictreatmentforsomechemicallydependentindividualswhencombinedwithnaltrexone.
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74.B.Mostnursesareexposedtovarioussubstancesandbelievetheyarenotriskto developthedisease
75. C. Physicaldependence
76C. Considerableassistancewithactivitiesdailyliving
77B. Askingtheclienttodoonestepofthetaskatatime
78C. Youareinahospital.Wearenursestryingtohelpyou.
79.B. Givefeedbackontheinappropriatenessofthebehaviors
80 D. IwokeupthismorninghopingthatmyoldDadwouldbeback.
Rationale:
Psychotropics,orpsychotropicmedications,aredrugsthataffectthemind/perception,behaviorandmood.
81.B.Catapres
Rationale:
OptionBistheanswer.Clonidine(Catapres)wasinitiallymarketedforhighbloodpressure,butitisalsoaneffectivesomatictreatmentforsomechemicallydependentindividualswhencombinedwithnaltrexone.Clonidineisanonopioidsuppresserofopioidwithdrawalsymptoms.Itisalsononaddicting.Otherchoicesarenotantihypertensive drugs.
A
nicotine
patch
is
a
transdermal
patch
that
releases
nicotine
into
the
body
through
the
skin.
It
is
usually
used
asamethodtoquitsmoking.Naltrexone(Revia)isarelativelypureantagonistthatblockstheeuphoriceffectsofopioids.Ithaslowtoxicitywithfewsideeffects.Ithasalsobeenapprovedforthetreatmentofalcoholismbecauseitdecreasesthepleasant,reinforcingeffectsofalcoholMethadone(dolophine)isasyntheticopiatethatatcertaindosesblocksthecravingfor,andeffectsof,heroin.Methadoneistheonlymedicationcurrentlyapprovedforthetreatmentofthepregnantopioidaddict
82.A.Cottagecheese
Rationale:
Foods(containingtyramine)toavoidwhentakingMAOIs:
Agedmeatssuchaspepperoniandsalami.
Italianbeans,tofu,bananapeel,overripefruit,avocado
Alltapbeersandmicrobrewerybeer
Soysauceorsoybeancondiment
Yogurt,sourcream,PEANUTS,brewersyeast,MSG
Matureoragedcheeseordishesmadewithcheese,suchasLASAGNAorPIZZA.Allcheeseisconsidered
aged
EXCEPT
for
COTTAGE
CHEESE,creamcheese,ricotta cheeseandprocessed cheeseslices.OptionAistheanswer.
83.C. Hypertensivecrisis
Rationale:
HypertensiveCrisisistheanswer.ParticularconcernwithMAOIsisthepotentialforalife-threatening
hypertensive
crisis
if
the
client
ingests
food
that
contains
tyramine
or
takes
sympathomimetic
drugs.
Because
theenzymeMAOIisnecessarytobreakdownthetyramineincertainfoods,itsinhibitionresultsinincreasedserumtyraminelevels,whichcausesseverehypertension,hyperpyrexia,tachycardia,diaphoresis,andcardiacdysrhythmias.RenalFailureisatoxiceffectoflithium.EPSisaseriousneurologicsideeffectofantipsychoticdrugs.Sedationisasideeffectofbenzodiazepines.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_smokinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_smokinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_smokinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_smokinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_smoking -
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84.C. Tardivedyskenisia
Rationale:Tardivedyskenisiaistheanswer.Tardivedyskenisia isasyndromeofpermanentinvoluntarymovements.Onceithasdeveloped,TDisirreversible,althoughdecreasingordiscontinuingantipsychoticmedicationscanarrestitsprogression.ThesymptomsofTDincludesinvoluntarymovementsofthetongue,facialandneckmuscles,upperandlowerextremitiesandtruncalmusculature.Otherchoicesarereversible.Dystoniaincludesmuscularrigidityandcramping,astiffandthicktonguewithdifficultyofswallowingandinseverecases,laryngospasmandrespiratorydifficulties.
Akathisiaisreportedbytheclientastheintenseneedtomoveabout.Theclienthasinabilitytositstillorrestwhichoftenleadstheclienttodiscontinuetheirmedication.NMSispotentiallyfatal.MajorsymptomsofNMSarerigidity,highfe
ver,autonomicinstabilitysuchasunstablebloodpressure,diaphoresis, andpallor;deliriumandelevatedlevelsofenzymes,particularlycreatine
phosphokinase.
85. C. Akathisia
Rationale:
Akathisiaistheanswer.Akathisiaisreportedbytheclientastheintenseneedtomoveabout.Theclienthasinabilitytositstillorrestwhichoftenleadstheclienttodiscontinuetheirmedication.Dystoniaincludesmuscularrigidityandcramping,astiffandthicktonguewithdifficultyofswallowingandinseverecases,laryngospasmandrespiratorydifficulties.NMSispotentiallyfatal.MajorsymptomsofNMSarerigidity,highfever,autonomicinstabilitysuchasunstablebloodpressure,diaphoresis, andpallor;deliriumandelevatedlevelsofenzymes,particularlycreatinephosphokinase.PseudoparkinsonismresemblesthesymptomsofParkinsonsdiseaseand includestiff,stooped posture,amask-likefacies,decreasedarmswing;ashuffling,festinatinggait;cogwheelrigidity;drooling;tremor;bradycardia;andcoarsepillrollingmovementsofthethumbandfingerswhileatrest
86.C. Beginanytimewithinthenext1-2days
Rationale:
OptionCistheanswer.OptionsAandDaretoolate;OptionBistooearly.Symptomsofwithdrawalusuallybegin4-12hoursaftercessationormarkedreductionofalcoholintake.Symptomsincludecoarsehandtremors,sweating,elevatedpulseandbloodpressure,insomnia,anxiety,andnauseaorvomiting
87. C. Providingaquiteenvironmentandadministeringmedicationasneededandprescribed
88. A. Heartrateof120to140beats/minute
Symptomsofwithdrawalusuallybegin4-12hoursaftercessationormarkedreductionofalcoholintake.Symptomsincludecoarsehandtremors,sweating,ELEVATEDPULSEandbloodpressure,insomnia,anxiety,andnauseaorvomiting.OptionAistheanswer.OptionBiswrong,itshouldbetachycardianotbradycardia.OptionsCandDarenormal.
89.B. Aftershavelotion
Rationale:
Disulframshouldalwaysbeprescribedwiththefullknowledgeandconsentoftheclient.Theclientneedstobetoldaboutthesideeffectsandmustbewellawarethatanysubstancethatcontainsalcoholcantriggeranadversereaction.Threeprimarysourcesofhiddenalcoholexist-food,medicationandpreparationsthatareappliedtotheskin.OptionBistheanswer.Aftershaveisalotion,gel,orliquidusedmainlybymenaftertheyhavefinishedshaving.
It
may
contain
an
antiseptic
agent
such
as
alcohol
to
prevent
infection
from
cuts
as
well
as
numb
damaged
skin,
aperfumetoenhancescent,andamoisturizertosoftentheskin.Toothpastes,cheeseandcarbonatedbeveragesdoesnotcontainalcohol.Activeingredientfortoothpasteisfluoride,andmilkforcheese.Thename"softdrink"specifiesalackofalcohol.
90.A.Thiaminedeficiency
Rationale:
OptionAistheanswer.Thiamine(VitaminB1)deficiencyisoftenpresentinpateientswhohasalcohol
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shavinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shavinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shavinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaving -
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withdrawal.ThiaminereplacementisgiveninordertopreventWernickessyndrome.Wernickessyndromeischaracterizedbynystagmus,ptosis,ataxia,confusion,comaandpossibledeath
91.C. Blankstare
Rationale:
Phencyclidinepiperidine(PCP)isalsoknownasangeldust,horsetranquilizer,orpeacepill.ThesignsandsymptomsofPCPintoxicationrangefromacuteanxietytoacutepsychosis. Thecardinalsignsincludeablankstare,ataxia,musclerigidity,nystagmusandhypertensionnothypotension. Otherchoicesareinappropriate. Dilatedpupilsandparanoiaare seeninpeoplewho abusedhallucinogensHypotensionisseeninopiateabusers
92.D.Denial
Rationale:
Denialistheanswer.Substanceusetypicallyincludestheuseofdefensemechanisms,especiallydenialDenialisthefailuretoacknowledgeanunbearablecondition;failuretoadmittherealityofasituationorhowoneenablestheproblemtocontinue. Suppressionisreplacingthedesiredgratificationwithonethatismorereadilyavailable.Sublimationisexhibitingbehaviortomakeupforornegateunacceptablebehavior. Repressionisexcludingemotionallypainfuloranxietyprovokingthoughtsandfeelingsfromconsciousawareness
93. B.Methadone(Dolophine)
Rationale:
OptionBistheanswer.Opiatewithdrawalisusuallytreatedbymethadonetapering.MethadoneisasyntheticopiatethatatcertaindosesblocksthecravingandeffectsofheroinDopamineagonistisusedfortreatmentofcocaine-crackwithdrawal.Adopamineagonistisacompoundthatactivatesdopaminereceptors,mimickingtheeffectoftheneurotransmitterdopamine.Phencyclidinepiperidine (PCP)isahallucinogenthataltersonesmentalstateinashortperiod.Buspironeisadrugthatreducesanxiety,withouthavngastrongsedative-hypnotic properties
94.A.Marijuana
Rationale:
Marijuanaistheanswer.Physiologiceffectofmarijuanaincludesbloodshoteyes,drymouth,hypotension,increasedappetiteandtachycardia.Otherchoicesareinappropriate.
Amphetamineintoxicationmayresulttodilatedpupilsnotbloodshoteyes.Othersignsincludetachycardia,elevatedBP,Nauseaandvomitingandinsomnia.Barbiturates
intoxication
may
produce
symptoms
like
slurred
speech,
drowsiness
and
decreased
BP
LSD(Lysergicaciddiethylamide)mayresulttodilatedpupils,tachycardia,diaphoresis,palpitationsandtremors,elevatedtemperature,pulseandrespiration
95. B.Tachycardia
Rationale:
OptionBistheanswer.IntoxicationofAmphetaminemayresulttotachycardia;elevatedBPnothypotension;dilatedpupilsnotconstrictedandinsomnianothypersomnia
96. D. CranialNerveVII
Rationale:
Bellspalsyaffectsthemotoraspectofthefacialnerve,theseventhcranialnerve.Bellspalsyresultsinaunilateralparalysisofthefacialmusclesofexpression(Black,2154).
97. C. Becauseyoucannotblinktheaffectedeye,itcanbecomedryandirritated.
98. B.Riskforinjuryrelatedtocorneallaceration
99.B. Placinganeyepatchovertheeye
100.D. Alloftheabove
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopaminehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopaminehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopaminehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine