PD/July/2010/5

Regulars

6 To Our Readers7 Editorial

News and Events

9 Nation this Month

22 World this Month

31 Regional News

33 National and International Updates

Current Affairs

42 Sports World47 Memorable Points49 Economic Scenario

Career News

56 Employment and Career News58 Forthcoming Competitive Examinations

World Panorama

59 (i) Group of 15 : Signs of Revival

62 (ii) SAARC : Need for Introspection

Personality Development

66 Action : Key to Better Personality

Inspiring Youth : Interviews

67 Shah Faesal Topper—Civil Services 2009 (1st Rank)

70 Iva Sahay Topper—Civil Services 2009 (3rd Rank)

72 Bhawna Gulati Topper—U.P. PCS 2007 (2nd Rank)

Articles

IAS Success Planner 2010

75 Civil Services Exam. : Battle Against All Odds

Political Science Article

78 Naxal Movement in India

Public Administration Article

82 Bureaucracy

Environmental Article

84 Carbon Tax or Cap and Trade : AlternativeMechanisms of Emission Control

International Relation Article

88 Strategic Triangle of Russia-China-India : A Poten-tial Axis of Power

Current Affairs

92 India and Russia Relations

Vividha

94 Compendium

Countries of the World : At a Glance

97 Canada

Miscellaneous Facts : General Knowledge

99 Present Scenario of Scientific and Industrial ResearchSector : In a Nutshell

Profile : International Organisation

102 International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)

104 Current Questionnaire

106 Trade and Industry

Question Papers

Optional Papers

108 RAS/RTS (Pre.) Exam., 2008 : Indian History

113 UGC-NET/JRF Exam., 2008 : Commerce

Other Papers

125 Madhya Pradesh Civil Judge (Pre.) Exam., 2009 :Law and General Knowledge

131 Hotel Management Aurangabad Exam., 2010 :General Knowledge

133 Uttar Pradesh PCS (Pre.) Exam., 2010 : GeneralStudies

142 Civil Services (Pre.) Exam., 2010 : General Studies

156 Associate Bank of SBI P.O. Exam., 2010 : Reasoning

163 Corporation Bank P.O. Exam., 2009 : QuantitativeAptitude

Your Pages

168 Essay Contest

170 Debate Contest

173 Results

174 Concentric Quiz

177 Test Your Knowledge

Year 5

Issue 49

July 2010

PD/July/2010/6

EDITOR

Mahendra Jain

REGISTERED OFFICE

2/11-A, Swadeshi Bima NagarAgra–282 002

ADMINISTRATIVE AND EDITORIAL OFFICE

1, State Bank ColonyOpp. Van Chetna KendraAgra-Mathura Bye pass, Agra–282 005Tel. : 2531101, 2530966, 4053333Fax : (0562) 4031570, 4053330Website : www.pdgroup.in

E-mail : Editorial : publisher@pdgroup.in Customer Care : care@pdgroup.in

DELHI OFFICE

4845, Ansari RoadDaryaganj, New-Delhi–2

Tel. : 23251844, 23251866

To Our ReadersTo Our Readers

WHERE EXCELLENCE GUIDES THE SUCCESS

All rights reserved. No part of this Magazine may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means, Electronic,Mechanical, Photocopying, Recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. While every effort has been made toensure accuracy of the information published in this edition, neither publisher nor any of its employees accept any responsibility for any error oromission. Articles that cannot be used are returned to the authors if accompanied by a self addressed and sufficiently stamped envelope. But noresponsibility is taken for any loss or delay in returning the material. Pratiyogita Darpan assumes no responsibility for statements and opinionsadvanced by the authors nor for any claims made in the advertisements published in the Magazine.

Year 5 Issue 49 July 2010

Dear Readers,

It is with a sense of great pleasure and satisfaction thatwe are presenting to you the July issue of your favouritemagazine ‘Pratiyogita Darpan’. We have tried our best tomake this issue examination-oriented and useful for generalreading. Your consistent interest in the magazine is givingus impetus to make it more and more useful to serve yourneeds. We are sure that if you read it intelligently and withproper understanding it will go a long way in enhancingyour knowledge to face any competitive examination and besuccessful with flying colours.

Our approach to our readers is direct. We regularlyenquire about their needs and demands and try to incorporatethe same in future editions. This has made our magazineendeared to all our readers.

This issue of the magazine contains a number of corearticles on important world events contributed by reputedand well informed authors. Some of the important andrepresentative articles are : IAS Success Planner-2010. NaxalMovement in India, Strategic Triangle of Russia-China-India : A Potential Axis of Power, etc.

The most important section of the magazine contains anumber of question papers selected from various competitiveexaminations. These are fully solved with relevant hintsand explanations. We make all efforts to maintain the uniquespeciality of our magazine for giving error-free solutions.This has made it unparalleled and endeared to all. An intelli-gent study and practice of these papers will be highly usefulin solving questions in any future examination. The column‘Compendium’ in the magazine has also become a trustedtool for help.

Our constant contact with toppers and other successfulcandidates has proved, beyond any doubt, that plannedhardwork, strong self-conf idence and right guidance are allindispensable for success in an y examination. You can wishfor but cannot achieve success with out anyone of these. Ifyou are determined, Pratiyogita Darpan is ready to give thebest guidance. It is sure to sublime your career.

Read Pratiyogita Darpan regularly and intelligently. Itgives you the power to master your career and shape yourdestiny.

With best wishes for your brilliant success and brightfuture.

Sincerely yours,

MAHENDRA JAIN

(Editor)

PD/July/2010/7 “So often time it happens, we all live our life in chains, and we never even know we have the key.”

The meaning of Swatantrata is toremain under one’s own tantra i.e.,one’s own regular order and system.The word Swaraj also means almostthe same thing. It denotes self-rule orself-control. That is why, in our coun-try, the word Swaraj has also beenused very often for Swatantrata. Manis a rational being, and endowed withthe faculty of discrimination. He hasthe ability to distinguish and decidewhat is right and what is wrong,what is proper and what is improper.At the same time he has the freedomto decide and determine the necessi-ties of his life. This freedom is thebasis of man’s all-round progress,such as in the fields of religion, art,morality, sense of duty, ethics, and soforth.

Although, judging of what isright and what is wrong may besubjective and individualistic innature, yet it is also a social charac-teristic and responsibility. What isright, just and proper or what iswrong, unjust and improper can bejudged in the context of the social lifeonly. Thus freedom is a special anddistinctive quality based on socialrelationship and it is reflected in thecontext of man’s interaction. Oneexample of such relationship andinteraction is that one man’s freedomshould not pose danger to thefreedom of any other individual oran individual’s freedom should notencroach upon any other individual’sfreedom. An individual is expected topractise and enjoy freedom within thelimits of the laws of the country andthe rules of the society in which helives and moves. Freedom oughtnot to permit any individual to beungovernable or self-willed. Thebasis or foundation of freedom is anintelligent, alert and pure mind.

Freedom demands sensitivity andclarity of perception of man’s socialbehaviour. If he deviates from themain source or from what he thinksto be right, just and proper, then hefollows the path of imitation and thusbecomes dependent on others. Thisbreeds disorder, arrogance and lackof restraint in the individual. Forexample, if a student does not pursuehis studies as he deems right anduseful, but imitates one of his com-panions, then the student concernedwill always depend for any progresson his companion, and have a feelingof guilt or inferiority within himself.This is likely to make the studentirritable and look small in his owneyes. And, God forbid, if he does notsucceed, he will put all the blame onhis friend. That would do him harminstead of good. In short, the student,referred to above will never come outof the web of ignorance, which he haswoven for himself by imitating one ofhis friends. So, to be free and to enjoythe fruits of freedom, one has to chalkout one’s own programme and findout one’s own ways and means ofaction. It has been rightly emphasisedby a number of thinkers that “He isfree, who lives as he chooses.” DoloresIbarrun, goes a step ahead to declarethat “Better to die on one’s feet thanto live on one’s knees.”

We take another example fromour daily life. The growing consu-merism has made man’s lifestyle moredependent on materialistic thingsresulting in greater problems andcomplications in the fields of con-sumption, transport, taxation, pricefixation and the rule of demand andsupply. In this new context, thefixation of prices does not dependupon the cost of production and theselling price. Instead, the prices are

charged vis-a-vis the purchasingpower of the consumer. The way outof it is the Gandhian economicsystem. Every consumer has to be theproducer and thus a close relation-ship is established between theindividual and the society. In thepresent situation, it is essential todiscover the possibility of change inwhich the individual and society maybe interdependent, and freedom ofconsumption and production is main-tained. In case otherwise, the indivi-dual is always depending on outsideagencies and thus his freedom isplundered or abducted.

It is necessary for our young menand women to work out a model ofsocial system in which freedom in thereal sense prevails. Freedom in thereal sense connotes inner discipline,order, sense of responsibility, cons-tant awareness of one’s own thought,action and behaviour.

When struggle for India’s free-dom was going on, Dr. (Mrs.) AnnieBesant had written that for makingIndia free, all of us at first will have tomake ourselves free, and no man isfree who is not the master of his ownmind and his own body. Our youngreaders must be pondering over theconditions which have been laiddown in the preceding lines. Those,who aspire to be in the high posts ofauthority, will do well to note that tohave your desires fulfilled, you willhave to share and shoulder greatresponsibilities, and give your best tothe cause of freedom–not politicalfreedom, but the freedom of the mindand thought.

Write these words of Dr. (Mrs.)Besant in bold letters, and keep themon your table. “No man can safelyuse outside freedom, until he/she hasgained that inner freedom, which wecall self-control.” P.Darpan

PD/July/2010/8

ESSAY COMPETITIONTopic : Nuclear Energy for PeaceLast Date : July 25, 2010Prizes : 1st : Rs. 1,200/- ; 2nd : Rs. 800/- ;

3rd : Rs. 600/-

DEBATE COMPETITIONTopic : Military Action is a Must for Ending

Naxal ViolenceLast Date : July 25, 2010

Prizes : Rs. 1,000/- Each (For 2 best entries)

Rules and Regulations :● Participation is open to students and competitors only.

● Only one complete and consolidated entry on essay ordebate competition will be accepted from one participant.

● Writings on essays and debates should be strictly to the pointand in simple, intelligible but forceful language.

● Essays and Debates should be written in own hand andshould be duly signed by the candidate. Printed and unsignedentries will not be accepted.

● Irrelevant details are to be avoided at all costs.

● The Essay/Debate should not exceed a word limit of 1500.

● The Essay/Debate accompanied by a passport sizedphotograph must be sent by mail or courier.

● The selection committee will decide best entries and they willbe awarded.

● The winners in Essay Contest will also receive an awardcertificate from Pratiyogita Darpan. The prize winning entrieswill be published in the forthcoming issues of PratiyogitaDarpan.

● A certificate should invariably be given under the scripts tothe effect that ‘this is my original work and is unpublishedelsewhere’.

MEMORY RETENTION CONTEST

Win Attractive Prizes :Are you appearing or want to appear in States’ Civil

Services Exams., SSC Combined Examination, Banking ServiceExam., Indian Insurance Corporation’s Administrative OfficersExam., Forest Service, Sub-Inspector, Hindi Translator, M.B.A.,CPMT, CBSE, B. Ed. Entrance Exam., Railway etc. ? If Yes ! thenyou can win attractive prizes.

What you have just to do is to send to us the questions,along with the answers, asked in objective type papers—basedon your memory. We will include all the entries and will rewardthe persons whose answers are found to be most correct.

(i) The first three participants who will send the mostcorrect answers will get Rs. 600, 400 and 250 respectively.

(ii) Less than 75% correct answers will not deserve any prizefrom us.

MEMORY RETENTION CONTESTPratiyogita Darpan 2/11 A, Swadeshi Bima Nagar, Agra-2

Subscription RatesSubscription RatesSubscription RatesPRATIYOGITA DARPAN

● Please send your membership fee by MoneyOrder or Bank Draft only. Cheques will not beaccepted.

● Write your address clearly; also inform themonth (from which month to which month) forwhich you are intending to be our customer.

● Old customers should invariably write theircustomer number.

● Money Order or Bank Draft only in the nameof ‘Pratiyogita Darpan’ will be accepted.

I want to become a yearly/two yearly regular cus-tomer. Please send my copy of the magazine onthe following address :

Name……………………………………………………

Address…………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………

Pin Code

I am sending Money Order/Bank Draft for

Rs.……………….…………………………………………

……………… ……………...……

Date Sender’s Name

Order Form

PRATIYOGITA DARPAN2/11A, Swadeshi Bima Nagar, AGRA-2

Phone : 4053333, 2530966, 2531101 Fax : (0562) 4053330, 4031570

One Copy Rs. 55/-

One Year By Ordinary Post Rs. 495/-

By Registered Post Rs. 725/-

Two Years By Ordinary Post Rs. 890/-

By Registered Post Rs. 1340/-

PD/July/2010/9 “Think big thoughts but relish small pleasures.”

N-Capable Agni-II Test-firedSuccessfully

Nuclear-capable Agni-II ballistic missile, with a strikerange of 2000 kms, was on May 17, 2010 successfully test-

Nuclear-capable Agni-II ballisticmissile takes off from WheelersIsland, in the Bay of Bengal on May17, 2010.

fired during a usertrial by the strategicforces from theWheelers Island off theOrissa coast. The suc-cess came after twolaunches of the surface-to-surface IntermediateRange Ballistic Missile(IRBM) failed to meetmission objectives lastyear.

“The trial of themissile from theIntegrated Test Range(ITR) was successfuland met all parametersand mission objectives,” ITR Director S. P. Dash said.

The 20-metre-long Agni-II which has 1,000 kg payloadcapacity was launched from a rail mobile system inLaunch Complex-4 of ITR. The 17-tonne missile, a twostage, solid fuel weapon system, has already been inductedinto the services.

The launch was carried out by the Strategic ForcesCommand (SFC) with logistic support from laboratoriesand personnel of the Defence Research and DevelopmentOrganisation (DRDO).

“With this launch, the Strategic Forces have carriedout launch of all three versions of the Agni within threemonths demonstrating their capability,” the spokesperson

About Agni● The 20-metre long Agni-II is a two stage, solid-propelled

ballistic missile.

● It has a launch weight of 17 tonnes and can carry a payloadof 1000 kg over a distance of 2,000 kg.

● Was developed by Advanced Systems Laboratory alongwith other DRDO laboratories and integrated by the BharatDynamics Limited, Hyderabad.

said. While 700 km range Agni-I has already beeninducted into the armed forces, Agni-III, having range of3500 km is still in the process of induction.

The trajectory of the missile was tracked by a batteryof sophisticated radars, telemetry observation stations,electro-optic instruments and naval ships stationed nearthe impact point in the Bay of Bengal.

The launch followed two earlier user trials on May19, 2009 and November 23, 2009 which could not meet allmission parameters.

On the development of 5000 km Agni-V, the spokes-person said that the scientists were working on it. “We arehopeful that within a year we should be able to launch themissile,” he said, noting that the new missile will have oneadditional stage as compared to Agni-III.

Defence Minister A. K. Antony congratulated all theDRDO scientists and armed forces personnel for thesuccess of the missions.

India’s War on Terror : Govt. Bans 100Terror Outfits

Government’s resolve to fight terror effectively gotbuttressed by its move to ban 100 terror outfits. Armedwith an amended Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act,the Centre has, in one stroke, formally banned over 100outfits—linked to al-Qaeda—from across the globe bydeclaring them terrorist organisations in India.

Ensuring no Repeats : In the light ofincreased activities of the outfit inIndia in the past couple of years,Khalistan Zindabad Force has alsobeen included in the list.

Though Indiahad been keepingtabs on these outfitsin accordance withthe relevant UnitedNations SecurityCouncil (UNSC)resolutions, a formaldecision to put these100-odd entities—along with 33 otherterror organisation—in the list of bannedorganisations is seen

PD/July/2010/10 “Every thought is a seed. If you plant crab apples, don’t count on harvesting Golden Delicious.”

as a move to avoid any legal ambiguity in case Indianpolice lay their hands on anyone associated with theseorganisations.

Facing Ban : Among Others

● Jemaah Islamiyah● Islamic Jihad Group of Libya● Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group● Egyptian Islamic Jihad● International Islamic Relief Organisation of Philippines● Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan● Khalistan Zindabad Force

These outfits include all the big Islamic terror outfitslike Jemaah Islamiya (Bali bombing notoriety) ofIndonesia, Islamic Jihad Group of Libya, the MoroccanIslamic Combatant Group, the Egyptian Islamic Jihad,International Islamic Relief Organization of Philippinesand Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan among others.

The Ministry of Home Affairs has put these entitiestogether (at entry number 33) in its ‘revised’ list of bannedoutfits as “Organizations listed in the Schedule to the UNPrevention and Suppression of Terrorism (Implementa-tion of Security Council Resolution) Order, 2007.”

“The number of these outfits will increase or decreaseas amended from time-to-time. We have put them togetherunder one head so that we do not have to revise it (thelist) whenever it is amended at the UNSC level,” said asenior home ministry official.

The home ministry’s revised list of banned outfits—which is to be made public on its official website soon—also for the first time includes the Khalistan ZindabadForce (KZF) as one of the terrorist organizations under theUAP Act. Though names of three pro-Khalistan terroroutfits—Babbar Khalsa International (BKI), KhalistanComando Force (KCF) and International Sikh YouthFederation (ISYF)—have been on the list for long, themove to include KZF in the revised list is seen in the lightof increased activities of the outfit in India in the pastcouple of years.

“The KZF was put on the list of banned outfits justbefore the Indo-Pak foreign secretary-level talks inFebruary,” said the official. During the talks on February26, India had handed over three dossiers to Pakistan, oneof which had the names of seven Khalistani terroristsincluding the KZF commander Ranjit Singh Neeta.

The outfit was also in the news recently following thearrest of its terrorist Nirmal Singh alias Nimma in Raipur(Chhattisgarh) in May, 2010. Nimma was given the taskby the ISI to attack Adampur Air Force station in Punjaband to recruit youths from villages along the Indo-Pakistan border in the state.

Officials believe that the revised list will help thecops in pursuing cases against the terrorists belonging tothese organizations in courts more effectively.

Well-thoughout Strategic ActThe government’s move to ban 100 and odd terrorist

organisations from across the globe deserves appreciation.It reflects government’s resolve to end the menace of terror

root and branch. However, this resolve has to be seen tobe one of steel if the government wants the message of itstoughness to go across the terrorists. It has to be effectivelybuttressed by a determination to enforce the ban with aheavy hand. All crime detection intelligence agencies andenforcement bodies must be fully mobilised to ensure thatthe ban does not remain simply a display affair. The wholelife of nation needs to be mobilised effectively to root outthe menace once and for all. It is gratifying that India hasthe backing of a host of countries for its move to fightterror effectively. Let this ban prove to be a well thought-out strategic act.

Bhairon Singh Shekhawat Passes AwayFormer Vice-President of India and three-time Chief

Minister of Rajasthan in the past, Bhairon Singh Shekhawatpassed away at Jaipur on May 15, 2010.

Mr. Shekhawat often set the political agenda in the State forhalf a century and headed the first non-Congress govern-ment in Rajasthan in 1977 was 87 at thetime of his death.

Mr. Shekhawat was Chief Minister ofRajasthan from 1977 to 1980, 1990 to 1992and from 1993 to 1998.

He was Vice-President of India from2002 to 2007 during which period heproved his detractors within the party andoutside wrong when he not only success-

fully managed the Upper House as theChairman of the Rajya Sabha but evenushered in some widely accepted reforms.

Former Vice-President

Bhairon SinghShekhawat

Unfortunately he lost out in his pursuit to become thePresident of India to—curiously to a ‘bahu’ (daughter-in-law)of his own native place Shekhawati, Pratibha Devi Singh Patil.

A leader who had risen from his humble surroundings ina village in Sikar district of Rajasthan, Mr. Shekhawat was thequintessential Indian politician who befriended even hisenemies and outwitted his friends. His demise marks the endof an era of Indian politics. At his death former Prime MinisterAtal Behari Vajpai said : “I cannot bear his loss. His death hasleft me shocked.”

President Pratibha Patil said the departed leader was apersonality who deeply understood the concerns and aspira-tions of the poorest of the poor as a result of his experiencesearly in life. She recalled that he began his career as a farmerand later became a Sub-Inspector of Police. He rose high in lifethrough determination resolve and perseverance.

Rs. 1,000 crore Plan for Speeding upVisa Services

In a major relief for legitimate travellers and visaseekers, the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs(CCEA) on May 13, 2010 approved modernisation andupgradation of immigration services as one of the MissionMode Projects (MMP) to be undertaken by the HomeMinistry under the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP).

The project titled Immigration, Visa and ForeignersRegistration and Tracking (IVFRT) is expected to helpdevelop and implement a secure and integrated servicedelivery framework which makes life easy for legitimatetravellers even while strengthening security. The total costof the project is approximately Rs. 1,011 crore.

PD/July/2010/12 “We find things where we look for them, which is why I never look for a golf ball out of bounds.”

“Of this total project cost, Rs. 132 crore is proposed tobe spent during April 2010-June 2011 (Phase-I) with theremaining amount of Rs. 879 crore earmarked for Phase-II(July 2011-September 2014),” said a statement issued bythe government.

The National Institute for Smart Government (NSIG)was selected and tasked with the responsibility for gener-ating a comprehensive e-Governance solution for theimmigration, visa issuance and foreigners’ registrationand tracking functions, and to prepare a Detailed ProjectReport (DPR).

The DPR has been finalised by NSIG in consultationwith the ministries of home affairs and external affairs,Department of Information Technology, Bureau of Immi-gration and National Informatics Centre (NIC).

“An elaborate list of services have been included inthe DPR for streamlining and integrating visa, immigra-tion, and foreigners registration and tracking process,”added the statement.

The services identified for inclusion are drawn with afocus on security, facilitation and enablement. Drawingfrom the global best practices and bench-marking, requi-site service levels have also been indicated in the DPR.

This MMP has global outreach since the scope of theproject includes 169 Missions, 78 ICPs (ImmigrationCheck Posts), 7 FRROs (Foreigners Regional RegistrationOffices), and FROs (Foreigners Registration Offices) in theState/District Headquarters. The implementation of thisMMP is to be done in phases and the entire project istargeted to the completed by September 2014.

India, Venezuela Sign Agreement toDevelop $ 20-billion Oil Project

In a bid to give a boost to its holding of oil and gasassets abroad, the Oil and Natural Gas CorporationVidesh Limited (OVL), alongwith its partners, enteredinto an agreement with the Venezuela government onMay 13, 2010 to develop a $ 20-billion oil project in thatcountry.

Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez(left) has a word with Union Ministerfor Petroleum and Natural Gas MurliDeora at the headquarters of Petroleosde Venezuela SA in Caracas on May 12,2010.

The project isexpected to giveIndia 3·6 milliontonnes of crude ayear. The OVL andits partners signedthe agreement withPetroleos de Vene-zuela SA (PdV) fordevelopment andproduction of hydro-carbons from theCarabobo project inOrinoco region inVenezuela.

The agreementwas signed in Vene-zuelan Capital Caracas in the presence of VenezuelaPresident Hugo Chavez, India’s Petroleum and NaturalGas Minister Murli Deora, Petroleum Secretary S.

Sundersan, ONGC Chairman R. S. Sharma, OVL Manag-ing Director R. S. Butoal and IOC Chairman B. M. Bansal.

Spain’s Repsol-YPF SA Petroleum Nasimal Bhad(Petronas) of Malaysia and OVL each hold 11 per centstake in the consortium that will produce 400,000 barrelsof oil a day. IOC and Oil India Ltd. (OIL) will each have3·5 per cent interest in the joint venture to develop theCarabobo 1 Norte and Carabobo 1 Centro blocks, locatedin the Orinoco Heavy Oil Belt. Corporation Venezuelanadel Petroleo, a unit of PdV, will hold the remainingequity. About half of the production from the jointventure, called Petro Carabobo SA will be upgraded aslight crude oil for export.

Government Sets Up DefenceTechnology Commission

The government on May 13, 2010 announced thesetting up of a New Defence Technology Commission toimpart a major boost to defence research and develop-ment. It also decided to go for the second generation ofmain battle tank ‘Arjun’ and ‘Akash’ surface-to-air missile.

A. K. Antony willhead the newly

formed com-mission.

As per official sources, the decisionto set up the Commission with DefenceMinister as its Chief forms part of aseries of measures aimed at trans-forming and revitalising the DefenceResearch and Development Organi-zation (DRDO) in form and substance.It may be mentioned that the DefenceMinister A. K. Antony had approvedthe recommendation of a committeeunder former Science and TechnologySecretary P. Rama Rao. The Committeehad been set up way back in February 2007 to restructurethe DRDO.

After the committee had submitted its report toAntony a year later, another team headed by the DefenceSecretary was appointed to study the report and submitits recommendations.

Nod for Development for Second Generationof the Main Battle Tank Arjun and AkashSurface-to-air Missile

The government has also given its nod for thedevelopment of second generation of main battle tank‘Arjun’ and ‘Akash’ surface-to-air missile by DRDO.

With Arjun’s performance in the comparative trialswith the Russian T-90 tanks coming in for appreciationand it proving to be a superior tank, the decision to go infor a second generation Arjun MK-II tanks is only anindication that the army would be inducting more ofthese tanks in the future.

Already, the army has placed orders for 124 Arjuntanks of which about 50 tanks were finally handed over toit last year to form a regiment.

Other key measures on which Antony took a decisioninclude the de-centralisation of DRDO management andmaking it leaner by merging some of its laboratories withother public-funded institutions with similar discipline,interest and administrative system.

PD/July/2010/14 “We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars.”

India to Get First Defence University

Drawing lessons from the 1999 Kargil conflict, thegovernment on May 13, 2010 took a momentous decisionto set up the first defence university in the country toenable holistic study of defence and strategic securitychallenges.

The Indian National Defence University to come up inGurgaon is to be established at an estimated cost of Rs. 300crore.

A meeting of the Union Cabinet, chaired by PrimeMinister Manmohan Singh, accorded ‘in principle’approval to set up the Indian National Defence University(INDU) near Delhi.

To be established at an estimated cost of Rs. 300 crore,the university would come up on a 200 acre land at Binolain Gurgaon, Haryana.

A sum of Rs. 100 crore has been earmarked foracquisition of the land.

The existing defence educational institutions like theNational Defence College in New Delhi, College ofDefence Management at Secunderabad, National StaffCollege at Wellington and National Defence Academy atPune, would be affiliated to INDU. At present, theseinstitutions are attached to various universities.

The INDU will undertake long term defence andstrategic studies and create synergy between the academiccommunity and government functionaries.

The university, which would be fully autonomousand constituted under an Act of Parliament, wouldpromote policy-oriented research on all aspects of nationalsecurity as part of the strategic national policy-making.

“It will encourage awareness of national securityissues by reaching out to scholars and an audiencebeyond the official machinery,” said an official.

INDU would educate national security leaders onall aspects of strategies in the fields of security,military, information and technology, through teachingand research.

After the Kargil conflict, the government had set up aReview Committee, which had recommended establish-ment of such a university.

India, Singapore Decide to Double Trade[Launch the Second Review of Comprehensive

Economic Cooperation Agreement]

India, Singapore cooperation in different fields isassuming greater and greater dimensions, with bothcountries entering into agreements galore and pledgingthemselves to carry the relationship further forward. InApril 2010, they carried out joint military exercises withthe troops of both countries participating in severalmanoeuvres. Seeking to put trade relations between themon a fast track the two countries on May 11, 2010 decidedto double their trade in the next five years from $ 16billion to $ 32 billion.

India also asked Singapore to recognise its profes-sionals, such as doctors, nurses, accountants and architectsin Singapore. Both the countries also launched the second

On a Fast Track : Lim Hng Kiang(right), Minister for Trade and Industry,Singapore, calling on Anand Sharma,Minister of Commerce and Industry, athis office in New Delhi on May 11,2010.

review of the India-Singapore free tradeand services agree-ment officiallyknown as the Com-prehensive Econo-mic CooperationAgreement (CECA).

India also sig-ned a pact withSingapore for greatermarket access of itsgeneric (off-potent)drugs in the South-east Asian nation.The two countriesalso set new targetsfor their economic engagement in terms of furtherremoving barriers and encouraging the flow of peoplefrom one country to the other.

Addressing a joint conference with the visitingSingapore Trade and Industry Minister, Lim Hng KiangCommerce and Industry Minister Anand Sharma said,“we have agreed to work towards doubling bilateral tradefrom $ 16 billion to $ 32 billion by 2015.”

According to Mr. Sharma, officials from the two sideswould meet every quarter to complete the second reviewin a time-bound manner.

Officials would also work to expedite the conclusionof Mutual Recognition Agreements (MRAs) for dental,medical, nursing, architecture, accountancy and companysecretary officials.

● India asks Singapore to recognise the former’s profes-sionals.

● They decide to double trade from $ 16 billion to $ 32 billion.

● To establish a CEOs Forum to enhance business activities.

● Both signed a ‘special scheme for registration of genericmedicinal products from India’.

India-Singapore CEOs ForumsThe two Ministers also agreed to establish an India-

Singapore CEOs Forum to enhance business activities.

Both signed a ‘Special scheme for registration ofgeneric medical products for India’ that seeks to fast trackthe registration process for domestic off-patent medicinesin that country.

The pact would help create new opportunities for the$ 25-billion Indian generic medicine market in Singapore.With the arrival of Indian generic drugs in the globalmarket, the cost of life-saving medicines had come downsignificantly and helped people in African and LatinAmerican nations, Mr. Sharma added.

Mr. Lim said that if an Indian generic drug had beencleared in the US, Canada, EU, the UK or Australia,Singapore would allow it into its market. “Accordingly,the registration process will become faster.” he said.

PD/July/2010/15

Justice M. M. Punchhi Report onCentre-State Relations : More Powers

for Centre in Panel Report[Report seeks 5-yr term for governs, removal

by impeachment]

Touching upon several significant areas in theworking of Centre-State relations, the Justice MadanMohan Punchhi report submitted recently to the govern-ment has made over 200 recommendations. These includeradical ones like amending Articles 355 and 356, to enablethe Centre to bring trouble-torn areas under its rule for alimited period, creation of an overriding structure tomaintain internal security along the lines of the USHomeland Security department, giving more teeth to theNational Integration Council, and amending thecommunal violence bill to allow deployment of Centralforces without the State’s consent for a short period.

1,456 Pages, 200 Recommendations

● Amend Arts 355 and 356, to enable the Centre to bringareas under its rule for a limited period.

● Set up overriding structure like the US Homeland Security,more teeth for National Integration Council.

● Amend communal violence bill to allow deployment ofCentral forces without the state’s consent.

● Give CMs say in governor choice, pick eminent people,who haven’t been in active politics for at least some years.

● Allow governors right to clear prosecution of ministersagainst the advice of the state government.

Role of the Governor

Besides the above recommendations, the panel hasadvised critical changes in the role of governors—including a fixed five-year tenure as well as their removalonly through impeachment by the State Assembly. It hasalso recommended that the State Chief Minister have asay in the appointment of the governor.

Commission/Committees Constituted withRespect to Centre-State Relations

● Setalvad Committee—The Setalvad Committee wasappointed in 1966 by the Administrative Reforms Commis-sion (1966-69) to study and make recommendations for theimprovement of Centre-state relations. The Committeerecommended for giving more autonomy to the Stateswithin the limits of the Constitutions.

● Raja Mannar Committee—This committee was appointedin 1969 by Tamil Nadu government for suggesting mea-sures for providing more autonomy to States. Its two othermembers were—Dr. Laxman Swamy Muddaliar and P. C.Chanda Reddy. The Committee recommended for—(i)abolishing the residuary powers or transferring them to theStates. (ii) organisation of Inter-State Council and (iii)abolition of All India Services.

● Sarkaria Commission headed by justice Ranjeet SinghSarkaria, the Commission was appointed on March 24, 1983by the Union government to study and make recommenda-tions with regard to Centre-State relations. The Com-mission submitted its report in 1988.

● Punchhi Commission—The Central Governmentappointed in April 2007 a new Commission to review theCentre State relations and to make necessary recom-mendations thereon. The Commission had to submit itsreport to the Government within two years.

The retired Chief Justice of India, Justice Madan MohanPunchhi was appointed the Chairman of this Commission

The panel also feels that governors should have theright to sanction prosecution of a minister against theadvice of the Council of Ministers. However, it wants theconvention of making them chancellors of universities tobe done away with.

The Punchhi Commission was appointed in 2007with Justice Madan Mohan Punchhi as its chairman to gointo the much-talked about Centre-State relations.

In finalising the 1,456 page report, in seven volumes,the Punchhi Commission has taken extensive help fromJustice Sarkaria Commission report, the National Com-mission to Review the working of the Constitution

PD/July/2010/16 “Blessed is he who expects nothing, for he shall never be disappointed.”

(NCRWC), appointed during NDA regime, and theAdministrative Reforms Commission report. However, ina number of areas, the Punchhi Commission report differsfrom the Sarkaria Commission recommendations.

Appointment of Chief MinisterAmong the significant suggestions made by the

Commission is the laying down of clear guidelines for theappointment of Chief Minister. Upholding the view that apre-poll alliance should be treated as one political party, itlays down the order of precedence that ought to befollowed by the governor in case of a hung assembly :

(a) call the group with the largest pre-poll alliancecommanding the largest number;

(b) the single largest party with support of others;

(c) the post-electoral coalition with all parties joiningthe government; and last

(d) the post-electoral alliance with some other partiesjoining the government and the remaining independentssupporting from outside.

As for qualifications for a governor, the PunchhiCommission suggests that the nominee must not haveparticipated in active politics at even local level for at leasta couple of years before his appointment.

It also agrees with the Sarkaria Commission recom-mendation that a governor be an eminent person and notbelong to the state where he is to be posted.

It may be mentioned here that this view wasendorsed by a Supreme Court five-member bench headedby the then Chief Justice K. G. Balakrishna earlier in May,2010 itself.

The Commission also criticizes arbitrary dismissal ofgovernors, saying the practice of treating governors aspolitical football must stop.

Underlining that removal of a governor be for areason related to his discharge of functions it has proposedprovisions for impeachment by the state legislature alongthe same lives as that of the President by Parliament. This,significantly, goes against the doctrine of pleasure upheldby the recent Supreme Court Judgement.

Endorsing an NCRWC recommendation, it saysappointment of governors should be entrusted to a com-mittee comprising the Prime Minister, Home Minister,speaker of the Lok Sabha and Chief Minister of theconcerned state. The Vice-President may also be involvedin the process, it says.

Unlike the Sarkaria Commission report, the Punchhireport categorically suggests that governor be given afixed five-year tenure.

The Punchhi Commission report also recommendsthat a constitutional amendment be brought about to limitthe scope of discretionary powers of the governor underArticle 163(2). Governors should not sit on decisions andmust decide matters within a four-month period it says.

The commission, however, supports their right togive sanction to prosecution of ministers against theadvice of the state government.

Acharya Mahapragya Passes AwayAcharya Mahapragya, the 10th Acharya (sage) and

supreme head of the Jain Swetamber Terapanth community,died following a cardiac arrest at Sardarshahar in Churudistrict of Rajasthan on May 9, 2010. He was 90.

Acharya Mahapragya

Acharya Mahapragyawas born on June 14,1920 at Tamkor village inJhujhunu district ofRajasthan. He headedthe Jain Vishwa Bharatiuniversity at Ladnunand led the Anuvratmovement launched in1949 by his mentor andthe then head ofSwetambar Terapanth,Acharya Tulsi.

He was a great practtioner of meditation, spirituality,Mantras, Anekaant and non-violence and wrote extensively onthese subjects.

As a Jain monk, he always travelled on foot and took fivemajor Mahavratas as part of initiation into monkhood at theage of 10.

The Acharya was known for a seven-year long ‘AhimsaYatra,’ which he undertook to highlight the spiritual aspect ofnon-violence and spread the message of peace and harmonyacross the country.

He traversed over 10,000 km on foot, covering 2,400villages, towns and cities, and addressed many public meetingsduring the yatra.

The journey began and ended at Sujangarh in Rajasthan.

The Acharya, who was consecrated as the 10th supremehead of Terapanth religious order at a public meeting in Delhion February 5, 1995, had formulated the famous ‘Preksha’meditation system, comprising Yogasana, Pranayam, Mantraand thereby in 1970s.

Prominent among the awards conferred on him duringhis lifetime were the Mother Teresa national award of peace(2005), Union Government’s communal harmony award (2004),Ambassador of Peace Award in London (2003), Lok maharishiby Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (2003) and the IndiraGandhi National Integration Award (2002).

The Acharya has been described as a great sage andphilosopher who gave a new direction to Anuvrat movementand spread the message of non-violence through his AhimsaYatra.

Acharya Mahashraman has been nominated as AcharyaMahapragya’s successor and the 11th Acharya of the Terapanthcommunity.

Russia to Develop Lander for Chandrayaan-II

[Moon mission launch in 2013]

As per official sources, Russia will develop a landerthat will ferry a rover to explore the moon’s surface aspart of the Chandrayaan-II mission, scheduled to beundertaken in 2013.

Project Director of Chandrayaan-I and II M.Annadurai informed that GSLV will be the launch vehicle

PD/July/2010/17

for Chandrayaan-II and the prime responsibility ofrealising the lander will be Russia’s. The rover to berealised by the Indian Space Research Organization(ISRO) will carry out in situ probe on the moon’s surface.The ISRO will also develop the scientific instruments togo around with it.

Unlike Chandrayaan-I, whose moon impact probe(MIP) did a hard landing on the moon, the lander ferriedby Chandrayaan-II orbiter to soft-land on the moon’ssurface would be about 1200 kg. While the rover interfacewould be done by the ISRO, the lander interface with therover would be developed by Russia, Mr. Annadurai said.

Payload

As regards the payloads to be carried byChandrayaan-II, they would not be as many asChandrayaan-I carried. According to Mr. Annadurai, thepurpose of Chandrayaan-I was to understand what theentire moon contained, but now the effort would be tounderstand it in situ. Originally, India’s Chandrayaan-Imission wanted to have chemical-mineral analysis, butnow that Chandrayaan-I has shown us traces of wateron the moon’s surface, the emphasis could also be onconfirming the finding.

The data pertaining to Chandrayaan-I was still underanalysis. “Overall, each of Chandrayaan-I’s instrumentshas given enough data, meeting the overall science goalsof the mission.”

“The daytime mapping camera, laser ranging instru-ment, or even foreign instruments like the moon imagemapper or the mini-SAR [Miniature Synthetic ApertureRadar] have all given us ample data. For instance, regard-ing mini-SAR, we have completed study of data pertain-ing to the North Pole of the moon. Analysis of data con-cerning the South Pole is still going on,” said Mr.Annadurai.

Rover’s lifeThe rover’s life would be about a few weeks. Prior to

the launch, the ISRO would study its movement on asimulated terrain of the moon.

“It has to operate at one-sixth of the earth’s gravity.Although we will not be able to simulate the atmosphericconditions, we very much want to see how the rovermoves on a surface with very less friction,” he said.

Hyd Airport is World’s Best

Hyderabad’s Rajiv Gandhi International Airport (RGIA)received the world’s best airport award at the ACI Asia-PacificRegional Conference and Exhibition in Hainan on May 13. Theairport was declared the world’s best airport in the five to 15million passengers category by the Airports CouncilInternational, an independent authority that conducted thesurvey.

Flying High

● The RGIA handles about 6·4 million passengers annually.

● The airport has also been rated among the top five airportsin terms of airport service quality.

● Delhi’s Indira Gandhi International Airport was fourth inthe 15-25 million passenger traffic per annum category.

RGIA got 4·4 on a 5-point scale within two years ofoperation.

PD/July/2010/18 “To be upset over what you don’t have is to waste what you do have.”

Indo-Pak Business Meet : DelhiDeclaration Lists 6 Key Sectors

for Close Cooperation[The Indo-Pak Business Meet witnessed many

emotional moments. But ultimately it succeededin framing a pragmatic plan to impart fresh

dimensions to economic ties betweenthe two countries]

According to a The Times of India report, the biggestand most high-profile gathering ever of Indian and Pak

business people was held in Delhi in thethird week of May 2010. The two-dayevent was marked by an intense and attimes emotional engagement. The meetadopted a Delhi Declaration under the

aegis of Aman Ki Asha. The aim is to pursue achievableobjectives rather than pursue ambitious high profile goal,particularly in the backdrop of the present state of rela-tions between the two countries.

When Doves Fly : Hero Group Chairman Brijmohan LallMunjal (left) and Sunil Munjal,Chairman, Hero CorporateService, at the Indo-Pak Busi-ness Meet in Delhi.

The Delhi Declarationhas identified six keysectors to fast-track eco-nomic ties between the twocountries :

● Textiles, with Pakistanexporting its hometextiles, and India, itspolyester textiles;

● Information techno-logy (IT) which givenits virtual nature, lendsitself to collaborationeasily;

● Agriculture, which, iflogistics and storagefacilities are fixed,affords tremendousopportunities;

● Healthcare, the paucity and quality of which is thebane of both nations and where combined effortwould help address the three major diseases—heart,diabetes and cancer—that plague both;

Peace Via Prosperity● Joint declaration of Indo-Pak business leaders identifies 6

sectors as having highest potential for economiccooperation; Textiles (largest employer in both countries),infotech (fastest growing sector in both), agriculture,healthcare, energy and education

● Committees comprising business leaders from both coun-tries established for IT and textile sectors. Similar commit-tees for other sectors to be set up. The Delhi Declarationalso calls for;

● Removal of restrictions on uplinking from India toPakistan and opening up of news channels in bothcountries

● Easing restrictions on visas, particularly business visas● Allowing cellphone roaming between India and Pakistan

● Energy, as constant outages are an issue, and collabo-ration can help tap unexploited resources; and

● Education : Given the young population of bothnations, investment in this vital sector will pay thehighest dividend over time.

The declaration further said that committees featuringbusiness leaders from both the countries would be set upfor IT and textile sectors with similar ones in the offing forthe others.

The Indo-Pak Business Meet gave a ringing endorse-ment to the objectives of Aman ki Asha, a peace initiativelaunched jointly by the Times of India and Pakistan’s JangGroup.

Another major objective of the Declaration is to takespecific steps to change public perception and remove theexisting mistrust in India and Pakistan about each other.Towards this end, it would be imperative to allow uplink-ing from India to Pakistan and open up news channels inboth countries, which certainly would be a salutary posi-tive first step.

There is need to fast track communications betweenthe two countries. Priority may be given to the vexatiousvisa issue. An easier visa regime would facilitate bettermovement of people.

A moment of Love is All it takes to erase generationsof hatred. —Brijmohan Lall Munjal

Tragic Air Crash at Mangalore Airport

Air India Express Flight IX-812 from Dubai with 160passengers and six crew members on board overshot thetable-top runway at the Mangalore airport on May 22,2010 and plunged over cliff into a wooded valley where itburst into flames. One hundred and fifty-eight personswere killed. Luckily for them eight persons survived.

PD/July/2010/19/2 “There is nothing so easy but that it becomes difficult when you do it reluctantly.”

The aircraft was commandeered by Zlatpo Glusica, aBritish national of Serbian origin, who had 10,000 hours offlying experience and had been operating in India for twoyears. Mr. Glusica himself and his co-pilot H. S. Ahluwaliawere among the dead.

The reasons for the crash have not yet been identi-fied. However an enquiry by the Directorate General ofCivil Aviation (DGCA) had been ordered.

Tragic End : Civilians look on as fire-fighters and rescue personnel try toextinguish the fire around the site of anAir India plane crash in Mangalore onMay 22, 2010.

It was the worstair tragedy reportedin Karnataka.

The crashinvolving the erstwhile Indian Air-lines’ newly induc-ted Air bus A 320 inBangalore HAL air-port on February 14,1990, left 92 peopledead.

The aircraft was coming to Bangalore from Bombay.Fifty-four passengers survived the crash.

Besides these, the Statewitnessed several aircrashes in the past invol-ving Indian Air Force (IAF)and civilian aircraft. InApril 18, 2004, actorSoundarya, her brotherAmarnath and two otherswere killed when theiraircraft crashed soon aftertaking off from the Jakkurairfield. Soundarya was onher way to Karimnagar inAndhra Pradesh to cam-paign for the BJP when thefour-seater aircraft crashed.

In October 26, 2005,IAF test pilot Sqn. Ldr. K.R. Murthy was killed whenthe MIG 21 aircraft crashed

soon after taking off from the HAL airport. Flight engineerK. D. Bhat ejected to safety.

In March 18, 2006, IAF pilots Sqn. Ldr. ShailendraSingh and Wg. Cdr. Dhiraj Bhatia of the famed SuryaKiran Aerobatic Team were killed when their trainer jetKiran MK 2 crashed on the outskirts of Bidar. In February2, 2007, one IAF pilot was killed and another injuredwhen the HAL-made Advanced Light Helicopter Dhruvof Sarang air display team crashed at the Yelahanka AirBase.

Lok Sabha Speaker Meira Kumar’sVisit to Bhutan

Lok Sabha Speaker paid a goodwill visit to Bhutan inlast week of May. On May 28, she announced the settingup of a Parliamentary Friendship Group to help reinforceand renew the bonds of friendship between India andBhutan.

Ms. Meira Kumar was leading an Indian parliamen-tary delegation to Bhutan. She met the Bhutanese kingJigme Singye WangChuck and the Speaker of BhutaneseParliament.

Time for Prayers : Lok Sabha SpeakerMeira Kumar offering prayers at aBuddhist shrine in Bhutan on May 27,2010.

Addressing ajoint session of theBhutanese Parlia-ment, Ms. Kumarrecalled the closeeconomic partner-ship as well ascultural exchangesbetween the twocountries and said itwas a great privilegeto extend support tothe people of Bhutanin their peaceful march towards democracy.

She lauded the concept of ‘gross national happiness’adopted by Bhutan and the world at large had much tolearn from the country.

Indian President’s Six-Day Visit toChina : Seeks China’s Support

for Permanent UNSC Seat

President Pratibha Patil arrived in the Chinese capitalBeijing for a six-day visit on May 27, 2010. She was

Batch : Every Sunday of June & July 2010

warmly welcome byChinese Prime Mini-ster Wen Jiabao atthe Purple LightPavilion. In her talkswith Chinese PrimeMinister Ms. Patilraised India’s Secu-rity Council ambi-tions and againduring the summitmeeting with Presi-dent Wen Jiabao shesought China’s sup-port for India’s bidfor a permanent seatin the UNSC. Patiland Wen alsodiscussed bilateralissues, particularlytrade and commercebetween the twocountries.

China, which isone of the five veto-wielding membersof the powerful UNSecurity Council, hasbeen saying that itsupports India’saspirations to playan important role atthe UN, but wants anoverall reform of theworld body.

PD/July/2010/20 “The only disability in life is a bad attitude.”

Earlier, Wen warmly welcomed Patil and describedher visit here as ‘significant’ as it coincided with the 60thyear of establishment of Sino-India diplomatic ties.

President Pratibha Patil and herChinese counterpart, Hu Jintao,propose a toast after signing a series ofagreements in Beijing on May 27, 2010.

On the 60thanniversary of India-China diplomaticrelations, PresidentPratibha Patil dedi-cated an Indian-styletemple in the townof Luoyang to thefriendship betweenthe people of Indiaand people of Chinaon May 29, 2010. Shesaid that it was anIndian gift to thepeople of China. India’s External Affairs Ministrydescribed the temple covering 3,450 square metres ofbuilt-up area as one of India’s biggest diplomatic initia-tives. There is much symbolism in its launch on the 60thanniversary of India-China diplomatic relations. Thetemple is located in Luoyang which falls in the provinceof Henan—considered as the cradle of Chinese civiliza-tion. During Patil’s visit to China, Minister of State forFood Processing Subodh Kant Sahay and ForeignSecretary Nirupama Rao, also accompanied her.

An Indian Naval Officer Sets Record : GoesAround the World Solo

[First ever Donde is the only Indian to achieve thisfeat]

A naval officer set a record for the first-ever solo circum-navigation of the globe on a sail boat by an Indian, when hesteered into the Mumbai harbour after 276 days of arduousjourney.

Commander Dilip Donde, whoembarked on the voyage on August 19 lastyear on INSV Mhadei, approached thefinish line as his boat, escorted by a fastattack craft of the navy along with speed-boats and two tugs operating their watercanons, touched base back in India at theSunk rock Light House in Mumbai on May.

Donde, 42, covered 21,600 nauticalmiles sailing in the seas to achieve the mile-

Donde : Sets arecord

stone, as part of the Navy’s Sagar Parikrama project.Vice-President Hamid Ansari along with Chief of Naval

Staff Nirmal Kumar Verma and Donde’s family members werethere to witness the historic moment.

The world record for the fastest solo circumnavigationwas set in January 2008 by Frenchman Francis Joyon at 67days, 13 hours, 34 minutes and 6 seconds.

News in a Nutshell

35-Member Staff for NAC SanctionedThe institutional framework for the National Advi-

sory Council is beginning to fall in place with the govern-ment sanctioning a 35-strong staff, including a Secretarylevel officer, for the body to be headed by Congress Presi-dent Sonia Gandhi.

Kashmir Boy Tops Civil Services ExaminationDr. Shah Faesal, a doctor from Srinagar has topped the

Civil Services Examination 2009 conducted by the Union Public Service Commission, the results of which wereannounced on May 6, 2010.

Shah Faesal, who has done his MBBSfrom Srinagar, topped the prestigiousexamination in his first attempt.

It was a battle against all odds for ShahFaesal after his father was killed by militants in 2001.

A total of 875 candidates—680 male and195 female—have been recommended forappointment to the prestigious IndianAdministrative Service, Indian ForeignService, Indian Police Service and otherCentral Services.

Shah Faesal :The best

Prakash Rajpurohit, B. Tech from Indian Institute of Tech-nology, Delhi, has bagged the second position while Iva Sahayfrom Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) has secured the thirdposition. Sahay is the topper among female candidates.

A total of 4,09,110 candidates applied for the civil servicesexamination in 2009.

As many as 193,091 candidates appeared for the prelimi-nary examination and 12,026 candidates qualified for the mainexamination.

A total of 2,482 candidates were shortlisted for thepersonality test conducted in March-April 2010.

The Union Cabinet approved the posts at its meetingon May 13, 2010.

The decision to revive the NAC has led to a war ofwords between BJP and Congress over its role. BJP hascriticized the body as a way of making Sonia Gandhi the‘Super PM.’

However, after the Cabinet approved the posts,Congress rebuffed the criticism saying that it was anadvisory body to help the government on issues ofconcern to common man.

CommonwealthGames : Queen’sBaton Relay onits Way to India

71 Nations andTerritories. 340 days.1,90,000 kms. Thelongest ever Queen’sBaton Relay reachesIndia on 25th June2010 to begin its20,000 km long runacross the country.

The Queen’s Baton had travelled for 206 days across 59countries by May 21, 2010.

Barack Obama’s India Visit Dates FinalisedBarack Obama’s official India visit is scheduled to

materialise in November second week this year. It is learnt

Continued on Page 173

PD/July/2010/22 “A good conscience is a continual Christmas.”

Iran Clinches a Deal with Turkey for Uranium Swap

Iran on May 17, 2010 agreed to swap a major part ofits low enriched uranium stocks on Turkish soil for anequivalent amount of uranium enriched to 19·75 per cent,potentially ending a stand-off with the US and Europethat threatened to spiral into sanctions.

Iran needs the higher grade enriched uranium to fuelthe Tehran Research Reactor, used by it to producemedical isotopes.

The deal was reached after 18 hours of negotiationsamong Iran, Turkey and Brazil, leaving Washington andits allies red-faced. The US and Europe are pressing forthe punitive route and Secretary of State Hillary Clintonhad predicted earlier that the Brazilian-Turkish attempt atmediation would fail.

This point was rubbed in by the Brazilian andTurkish Foreign Ministers who flanked their Iraniancounterpart, Manoucher Mottaki, at a press conferencejust before the commencement of the G-15 summit toannounce a trilateral agreement that will now be sent to

The Deal : Highlights

● Stresses commitments on non-proliferation of nuclearweapons and respect for rights of other countries in nuclearenergy progress, research and fuel cycle.

● Vows to implement the articles to open a new round ofinteraction and cooperation in a constructive and positiveatmosphere.

● Fuel exchange is a step to begin cooperation on differentaspects of peaceful nuclear energy.

● Fuel exchange is a constructive measure, which should leadto positive cooperation and avoid any confrontation.

● Turkey is to keep 1,200 kg of low-enriched uranium fuelowned by Iran and that the IAEA and Iran can monitor thefuel.

● Iran will inform the IAEA of its agreement within 7 daysand in accordance with Vienna group’s demand.

● The two sides must implement article 6 when Viennagroup declares it agrees with the deal, then Iran agreeswith the exchange of 1200 kg of LEU and Vienna groupundertakes to deliver the required 120 kg of nuclear fuel toIran.

● If points of the agreement are not considered, Turkey givesback fuel to Iran, if it demands so. Turkey and Brazilwelcome Iran’s talks with P5 + 1 anywhere including inBrazil and Turkey. Turkey and Brazil appreciate Iran’sconstructive approach to pursue its rights and fulfil NPTcommitments and Iran appreciates the two countries,measures as well.

the Vienna Group and the International Atomic EnergyAgency for further action. “The success achieved by Iran,Turkey and Brazil shows there is room for diplomacy.There is no ground anymore for new sanctions,” TurkishForeign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu said. He gave anassurance that till the uranium swap took place, Turkeywould safeguard the Iranian LEU stock as its ownproperty.

India, whose Foreign Minister S. M. Krishna waspresent in Tehran, was out of the loop and had nocomments to offer on a deal that overshadowed thepresence of six heads of state and nearly a dozenMinisters for the G-15 summit.

“We have done this to open the way for constructivedialogue,” Mr. Davuoglu stressed.

“This (talks) is the route to peace. We haveestablished the principles of cooperation in future,” saidBrazilian Foreign Minister Celso Amorim.

Deal Deepens the Divide on Iran within SecurityCouncil : Chances of Sanctions Remote

The deal has several major implications. Mostimportantly, it makes fresh sanctions against Iranextremely difficult if not impossible to impose.

By committing themselves strongly against sanctions,Turkey and Brazil, both non-permanent members, havedeepened the divide on Iran within the ranks of theUnited Nations Security Council. Following theconclusion of the deal, Turkish Foreign Minister AhmetDavutoglu, taking the lead from his Prime Minister, saidthe swap deal had demonstrated that “Tehran wants toopen a constructive path… there is no more ground fornew sanctions and pressures.”

The position adopted by Brazil was also on similartimes. Among the veto wielding members of the SecurityCouncil, China has already shown its disinclination toimpose sanctions, preferring diplomacy and dialogue.With Iran now demonstrating its flexibility by signing thedeal, and dropping some of its earlier conditions, it islikely that Beijing would be further emboldened to pressfor a dialogue. In the past few weeks, Russia’s position onsanctions, compared to China, had been rather moreambiguous . Nevertheless, Russians did oppose ‘cripplingsanctions’ that would have badly hit Iran’s ordinarycitizenry. With the trilateral deal now in place, Moscow isbound to feel the pressure to diverge firmly from theconfrontationist path the Americans and their Europeanallies have so far been inclined to adopt.

For some of Iran’s die-hard foes, the likely alternativeto the pursuit of sanctions through the Security Councilwould be to press for curbs against Iran by forging acoalition of the willing.

PD/July/2010/23 “A slip of the foot you may soon recover, but a slip of the tongue you may never get over.”

However, analysts say, even that would be hard toachieve, now that the deal has been signed. Iran, underthe terms of the trilateral agreement, is ready to send toTurkey 1,200 kg of low-enriched uranium. This is exactlythe quantity of Uranium that the global powers had intheir October 2009 meeting in Vienna calculated assufficient to deprive Tehran of material to manufacture abomb.

The analysts further say that if transfer of 1,200 kgheightened the Western sense of security in October 2009,how can its extraordinary sense of vulnerability beexplained few months down the line.

Iran has now seized some of the initiative in itsnuclear stand-off with the west.

But the achievement is in equal measure, if not more,of Brazilian President Lula da Silva and Turkish PrimeMinister Recep Tayyip Erdogan, who after their Tehranintervention have acquired a more prominent niche onthe global political stage.

Western Powers Keep Pressure on Iran

The uranium swap deal clinched by Iran andsupported by a host of countries including some membersof the Security Council could not deflect the westernpowers from keeping pressure on Iran to reach an agree-ment with the United Nations over its nuclear programmeor face more sanctions.

France, Germany, Britain and other Westerndiplomats did not relax their demands on Iran, seeing theIslamic republic as still causing serious concern.

“Let’s not be duped by this,” said French ForeignMinistry spokesman Bernard Valero. “A solution for themedical reactor, while necessary, would in no way resolvethe problem posed by the Iranian nuclear programme.The exchange of uranium that is envisaged amounts to aconfidence gesture, a side issue,” he told reporters.

France’s Foreign Minister Bernard Kouchner said theUN nuclear watchdog, the International Atomic EnergyAgency (IAEA), must be the first body to respond toIran’s agreement to send its nuclear fuel to Turkey forenrichment, a view echoed by the German government.

“It of course remains important that Iran and theIAEA reach an accord,” said Germany’s deputy govern-ment spokesman Christoph Steegmans. “That cannot bereplaced by an accord with other countries.”

● Exchange of uranium a side issue : France● Accord with IAEA cannot be replaced : Germany

The western pressure on Iran notwithstanding, thefact remains that the deal has taken much wind out of thesails of the west. Diplomacy of the G-15 leaders whostrongly back Iran over the issue has had its hey day andit is not long before the shrillness in the western attitudetowards Iran would become a thing of the past.Meanwhile Iran would have to walk on a tight rope.

US to Spend $ 180 billion on UpgradingN-Arsenal

According to The Washington Post sources, theObama administration, seeking to bolster congressional

support for the strategic arms treaty with Russia, plans tospend $ 180 billion over the next decade to upgrade thenation’s nuclear weapons complex, keep warheadscapable and modernise strategic delivery systems. Theadministration sent law makers the treaty package,including a classified report that lays out in detail itsprogramme to sustain “a strong nuclear deterrent for theduration of the new START treaty and beyond.”

The treaty requires the United States to reduce itsstockpile of missiles and bombers that can launch nuclearweapons. Republicans had been insistent that they wouldnot support the treaty unless the US nuclear weaponscomplex is modernised so that more nuclear weapons canbe built if needed.

According to Administration sources, spending onmodernisation of the nuclear weapons complex over thedecade will reach $ 180 billion, growing from $ 64 billionthis year to $ 7 billion in coming years and eventuallytopping $ 8 billion beginning in 2010. The growing costsreflect not just construction of facilities but also the refur-bishment and possible replacement of some warheads inthe next decade, all without the need for testing.

An additional $ 100 billion is to be spent on strategicnuclear delivery systems such as bombers and land andsubmarine-based intercontinental ballistic missiles.Research is underway on a new strategic bomber and anew class of strategic submarines.

Dog Meat Keeps Chinese Taikonauts FitThe first Chinese man to orbit around the earth has said

that taikonauts (the Chinese call their astronauts taikonauts)eat dog meat in order to provide them nutrition and keep themfully fit. The 49-year old military pilot, Yang Liwei, whocommanded the Shenzhou five mission in 2003, revealed themenu on board Chinese spacecraft in his autobiography “TheNine Levels between Heaven and Earth.”

Coalition Government Assumes Powerin Britain : David Cameron New PM

[Nick Clegg becomes British Deputy Prime Minister]

Britain’s first post war coalition government, withconservative leader David Cameron as Prime Minister

Young Team at Helm : Britain’s newPrime Minister David Cameron (left)and Deputy Prime Minister Nick Cleggwave to people outside 10 DowningStreet in London on May 12, 2010.

and his LiberalDemocrat counter-part Nick Clegg asDeputy Prime Min-ister, took office onMay 12, 2010, pro-mising to give thecountry a ‘historicnew direction.’ Ear-lier the Labour PrimeMinister GordonBrown had sub-mitted his resigna-tion following thefailure of his talks with the Liberal Democrats for a tie-up.With this ended the 13-year Labour rule in Britain.

PD/July/2010/24 “All would live long, but none would be old.”

Profile of David Cameron● Cameron, 43, is Britain’s youngest Prime Minister for

almost two centuries, a few months younger than TonyBlair was when he stormed to power in 1997.

● Cameron was educated at Britain’s most exclusive privateschool, Eton, and at Oxford University, where he joined theelitist Bullingdon dining club and gained a first-classdegree in politics, philosophy and economics. After univer-sity, he worked for the Centre-Right Conservative partyand was an adviser to then-Chancellor—Norman Lamontin 1992.

● Cameron worked as a public relations executive at theCarlton television company for seven years, before beingelected to Parliament in 2001. The Conservatives chose himas their fifth leader in nine years in December 2005.

● Cameron’s support for ‘compassionate Conservatism’ anddefence of the state-run National Health Service wereinfluenced by the experience of caring for his oldest childIvan, who suffered from cerebal palsy and severe epilepsy.Ivan died in February last year aged six.

● Cameron and wife Samantha have two other children andare expecting a baby in September.

It may be recalled that Parliamentary elections inBritain were held on May 6. The elections returned a hungParliament with neither of the two major parties obtainingclear majority. This time the Liberal Democrats made agood showing which enabled them to bargain with theparties for formation of the government. David Cameronof the Conservative Party and Nick Clegg of the LiberalDemocrats succeeded in managing a tie-up.

William Hague, a right-wing Conservative with ahard line on Europe, is the new Foreign Secretary; GeorgeOsborne, a close ally of Mr. Cameron, the Chancellor ofthe Exchequer; and Liberal Democrat Vince Cable, whofamously predicted the banking crisis, the BusinessSecretary.

United Kingdom General Election Results, 2010 : At a Glance

Party Seats Gain Loss Net Votes % (+-, %

Conservative 306 100 3 + 97 10,706,647 36·1 + 3·8Labour 258 3 94 – 91 8,604,358 29·0 – 6·2Liberal Democrat 57 8 13 – 5 6,827,938 23·0 + 1·0Democratic Unionist Party 8 0 1 – 1 168,216 0·6 – 0·3Scottish National Party 6 0 0 0 491,386 1·7 + 0·1Sinn Fein 5 0 0 0 171,942 0·6 – 0·1Plaid Cymru 3 1 0 + 1 165,394 0·6 – 0·1Social Democratic & Labour Party 3 0 0 0 110,970 0·4 – 0·1Green 1 1 0 + 1 285,616 1·0 – 0·1Alliance Party 1 1 0 + 1 42,762 0·1 + 0·0UK Independence Party 0 0 0 0 917,832 3·1 + 0·9British National Party 0 0 0 0 563,743 1·9 + 1·2Ulster Conservatives and Unionits–New Force 0 0 1 – 1 102,361 0·3 – 0·1English Democrats 0 0 0 0 64,826 0·2 + 0·2Respect-Unity Coalition 0 0 1 – 1 33,251 0·1 – 0·1Traditional Unionist Voice 0 0 0 0 26,300 0·1Christian Party 0 0 0 0 18,623 0·1Independent Community and Health Concern 0 0 1 – 1 16,150 0·1 + 0·0Trade Unionist and Socialist Coalition 0 0 0 0 12,275 0·0Scottish Socialist Party 0 0 0 0 3,157 0·0 – 0·1Others 1 1 1 0 319,891 1·1 0·0

Turnout 29,653,638 65·1 4·0

[After 649 to 650 seats declared]

Nick Clegg : A Profile● The charismatic, young leader of the Liberal Democrats

transformed his party’s role from traditional underdog ofBritish politics to a party that will never be ignored.

● Nick Clegg, 43, son of a banker, descended from a family ofRussian aristocrats who fled to Britain after the 1917Revolution. His mother, a Dutch, spent her childhood in aformer colony of Indonesia.

● Clegg went to Westminster School in London and grad-uated in archaeology and anthropology from Cambridge.He pursued his post-graduate studies at the University ofMinnesota and the College d’Europe in Belgium.

● Clegg worked as a journalist and also as a skiing instructorbefore joining the European Commission. He speaks fourlanguages—French, Spanish, German and Dutch.

● Clegg was elected a Liberal member of the EuropeanParliament in 1999 but left the job after five years.

● He met his wife, Spanish lawyer Miriam GonzalesDurantez, in Brussels, and they married in 2000. The couplehave three sons aged 1 to 8.

● Clegg won his first parliamentary seat in Sheffield in 2005and two years later took over the leadership of the LibDems.

Mr. Cable is among the five Lib Dem figures whohave been given Cabinet posts, causing considerableheart-burn among the Conservatives.

The only female member of the Cabinet is TheresaMay, a former Conservative Party chairperson, who hasbeen appointed Home Secretary.

At 43, Mr. Cameron is the youngest Prime Ministersince 1812. His elitist background was sought to be madeinto an election issue by the Labour Party, which arguedthat he was not in touch with the ordinary people.

PD/July/2010/25 “An investment in knowledge always pays the best interest.”

Like him, Mr. Clegg, also 43, has a whiff of classbaggage coming of an aristocratic Russian–Germanlineage. He was under pressure from his left-wingcolleagues to form a progressive alliance with the Labour.But the talks collapsed in the face of opposition fromthose in the Labour. Calling each other by their firstnames, Mr. Cameron and Mr. Clegg pledged to usher in‘new politics’. Both parties compromised on their electionpromises to make the deal possible. Mr. Clegg also agreedto a fixed five-year term for the coalition to allay LiberalDemocrat’s fears over its stability.

Policies of the New Coalition

The Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats agreedon some policies to be followed by the new coalition,which are substantially as given below :

Coalition—Lib Dems get five cabinet positions. Theirleader Nick Clegg becomes Deputy Prime Minister. Somejunior ministerial posts will also go to Lib Dems.

Economy—A significantly accelerated reduction inthe structural budget deficit over the course of aParliament, the main burden to be borne by reducedspending.

Tax—Conservatives agreed to scrap their commit-ment to raise the death tax threshold to £ 1 million overnext Parliament.

Banking Reform—Agreed to introduce a bankinglevy, to tackle bonuses and to create a more competitivebanking industry.

Spacecraft to Test Einstein’s Relativity Theory

In what is billed to be the largest scientific instrument everbuilt, scientists plan to use three spacecrafts flying threemillion miles apart to fire laser beams at each other across theemptiness of space in a bid to finally prove whether a theoryproposed by Albert Einstein is correct.

Physicists hope that the ambitious mission will allow themto prove the existence of gravitational waves—a phenomenonpredicted in Einstein’s theory of general relativity and the lastpiece of his theory still to be proved correct. The threespacecrafts will be put into orbits at a distance of 5 millionkilometers from one another, connected only by a laser beam.

The mission, a collaboration between NASA and theEuropean Space Agency (ESA) will use three spacecrafts flyinginformation while orbiting the sun, with each housing floatingcubes of gold platinum. Laser beams fired between thespacecrafts will then be used to measure minute changes in thedistance between each of the cubes, caused by the weak wavesof gravity that ripple out from catastrophic events in deepspace.

Proven Facts

Experts have already been able to prove a number ofpredictions made by Einstein’s theory of general relativity.Some of them are :● Light is bent by gravity● Gravity travels at a constant speed● Time can be warped by gravity● Space and time can bend

● E = m c2 has also withstood scientifictesting

Government—Fixed-term Parliaments, including thecurrent Parliament, with the next general election to beheld on the first Thursday of May 2015. A referendum onthe alternative vote system.

European Union—The new government will not jointhe Euro or propose to join the Euro. It does not proposeto transfer any new powers to the European Union.

Immigration—A cap on immigration. An end to childdetention in immigration centres.

Education—The Conservatives’ plans for schoolsreform can go ahead provided all schools are heldaccountable.

Russia Celebrates 65th Anniversary ofWorld War II Victory

[Leaders of big powers participate in the Celebrations]

Russia marked on May 9, 2010 the 65th anniversaryof victory in World War II with a spectacular militaryparade.

For the first time ever, serving US, British, French andPolish troops, as well as servicemen from many formerSoviet states joined over 10,000 Russian soldiers to paradeon Moscow’s Red Square in a sign that the ‘reset’ inRussia-American relations undertaken a year ago isspreading to Russia’s ties with Europe.

Addressing the parade attended by dozens of foreigndignitaries, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev alsosought to underline the new spirit of cooperation.

“It is onlytogether that we cancounter present-daythreats. It is onlyas good neighboursthat we can resolveproblems of globalsecurity in order thatthe ideals of justiceand good triumphin all of the worldand that the livesof future genera-tions will be freeand happy,” saidMedvedev in a shortspeech that lackedtraditional criticismof the west.

Foreign leadersin attendance inclu-ded German Chan-cellor AngelaMerkel, China’sPresident Hu Jintao,Israeli PresidentShimon Peres, otherEuropean and Asianheads of state, aswell as the leaders ofmost of the ex-SovietStates.

PD/July/2010/26 “Anger is never without Reason, but seldom with a good one.”

The latter included Presidents of Latvia and Estonia,whose presence at the V-day parade in Moscow would

East-West Cooperation : RussianPresident Dmitry Medvedev with hisChinese counterpart Hu Jintao (left)after the military parade in Moscow onMay 9, Kazakh President NursultanNazarbayev and German ChancellorAngela Merkel are also seen.

have been unthink-able a few years ago,when the US underthe neo-con Repub-lican Administrationstoked anti-Russiansentiments in Eas-tern Europe.

In his statementin Washington USPresident BarackObama, regretting ascheduling class thatprevented his parti-cipation, praised Mr.Medvedev for show-ing “remarkable leadership in honouring the sacrifices ofthose who came before us.”

Victory Day Parade in Moscow

US, French and British troops strode across Red Square forthe first time on May 9, 2010 in a Victory Day parade markedboth by the usual impressive display of Russia’s military mightand an emphasis on international cooperation.

Su-27 and MiG-29 fly over St. Basil’scathedral during the Victory Day paradein Moscow on May 9, 2010

Russian PresidentDmitry Medvedevaddressed the par-ticipants and guestsat the beginning ofthe parade. Foreignleaders in atten-dance includedGerman ChancellorAngela Merkel,China’s Hu Jintao,Israeli PresidentShimon Peres and

acting Polish President Bronislaw Komorowski, whosepredecessor died last month in a plane crash in Russian alongwith many of Poland’s political and military elite.

Strong nation

The US military was represented at the Moscowparade by a detachment from the 2nd Battalion, 18thRegiment; France was represented by the Normandie-Niemen squadron; Britain sent in 76 soldiers from the 1stBattalion Welsh Guards, wearing bright red tunics andtall bearskin caps and Poland deployed 75 servicepersonnel representing the Polish army, air force andnavy.

“This war made us a strong nation,” said Mr.Medvedev flagging off an impressive display of theRussian military strength.

The largest military parade in Russia’s post-Sovietperiod opened with WWII-era T-34 tanks followed bysome of the latest weapon systems, including the Pantsir-S1 and S-400 air-defence systems and the Topol-Mintercontinental ballistic missile.

More than a 100 helicopters, fighters, bombers,reconnaissance aircraft and refuelling planes screamedover Red Square at low altitudes, some displaying a hugenumber ‘65’ in the sky, others releasing red, white andblue smoke in the colours of the Russian flag.

Military parades were simultaneously held in 70Russian cities involving 102,000 troops.

14th G-15 Conference Concludesin Tehran

G-15 nations’ conference was held in Tehran in thethird week of May 2010. G-15 is a political grouping of

G-15 Tehran Summit Logo

developing countrieswhich have formedsomething like a blocwith a view to jointlydeliberating on issuesconfronting them asdeveloping nationsand hammering outstrategies to promotecooperation andcomprehensive interaction among themselves.

G-15 Conference in Tehran May 17, 2010

The Tehran Conference acquired added significancein the backdrop of concerted campaign carried out by thewest, particularly the USA to impose sanctions on Iran inorder to force it to abandon its nuclear programme,which, the west fears, aims at building nuclear weaponsdespite claims made by Iran to the contrary and affirmingthat it is pursuing nuclear programme exclusively forpeaceful purposes.

At the recent G-15 conference Iran found supportfrom the members of this organisation who expressedgrave concern on the west’s adopting or implementingextra territorial and unilateral economic sanctions againstdeveloping countries.

The G-15 summit called for full and immediaterevocation of coercive economic measures or laws againstdeveloping countries as well as using its internationaleconomic and financial systems as political instruments toimpose such measures.

The G-15 resolve to stand up against such punitivemeasures against its members came hours after Iranagreed to mediation by Turkey and Brazil which haseased the threat of sanctions against Tehran by the US-

PD/July/2010/27/3 “At 20 years of age the will reigns, at 30 the wit, at 40 the judgement.”

Europe combine. With the summit taking place at acrucial juncture, the G-15 mandated the incomingChairman, Sri Lanka, to establish a high level task force toundertake a thorough and fair assessment on the progressand prospects of the Group. It would also be expected toprovide recommendations on the revitalisation of theGroup.

Expressing deep concern on the extensive devastationin Palestinian territories as a result of Israeli occupationand related activities, the G-15 which actually consists of17 members, expressed full support for efforts to create aconducive environment to the building of a sovereign andviable Palestinian state.

The 14th G-15 summit also called for time-boundreform of Bretton Woods Institutions and examiningalternative sources of financing for the developing world.In this context, it urged the completion of the IMF quotareview by November this year and welcomed ongoinginitiatives for alternative financing such as the India-Brazil-South Africa Fund, the Chiang Mai Initiative andthe PetroCaribe initiative among others.

Finance

Attended by six heads of government and seniorMinisters from the other 11 members, the meet stressedthe need for the early and full implementation of all thecommitments made at the G-20 summits to put in place aglobal plan for recovery and reform. This includes thecommitment to replenish the finances of internationalfinancial institutions for concessional lending to crises-affected countries and mobilising $ 20 billion for foodsecurity in developing countries.

The G-15’s stand on commitments comes a monthahead of the next G-20 summit which will be attended byfour of the G-15 members. It also urged developedcountries to fulfil their promise of earmarking 0·7 per centof their gross national product (GNP) to developingcountries by 2015 and reach the level of at least 0·5 percent of GNP of official development assistance by the endof this year.

In the arena of international trade, the G-15 rejectedattempts by some developed countries to impose addi-tional commitments on some of its members currently inthe process of WTO accession.

G-15 Members

The grouping accounts for one third of the globalpopulation and consists of some of the biggest economiesof the world. The 17 members of the Grouping are :

Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Egypt, India,Indonesia, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Jamaica, Kenya,Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Senegal, Sri Lanka, Venezuelaand Zimbabwe.

The chairmanship of the grouping passed from Iranto Sri Lanka, which will be the 15th chairman for a two-year term. As chairman of the G-15 Sri Lanka would beentrusted with the responsibility of articulating theaspirations of the developing world.

Indian Origin PM for Trinidad & Tobago

Kamla Persad-Bissessar

Kamla Persad-B-Bissessar, whoseforefather came to Port of Spain fromIndia as an indentured labourer, hasbeen elected the first woman PrimeMinister of Trinidad and Tobago afterthe political alliance led by her emergedvictorious and ended the ruling party’s43 years in power.

US to Expand Secret Military Missions in West Asia

[Clandestine order to counter militant threat in theregion. The order is reported to be permitting

strikes in Iran if its nuclear ambitions escalate]

According to reliable sources, the top Americancommander in West Asia has ordered a broad expansionof clandestine military activity in an effort to disruptmilitant groups or counter threats in Iran, Saudi Arabia,Somalia and other countries in the region.

The secret directive signed in September by Gen.David H. Petraeus, authorises the sending of AmericanSpecial operations troops to both friendly and hostilenations in West Asia, Central Asia and the Horn of Africato gather intelligence and build ties with local forces. Theorder also permits reconnaissance that could pave theway for possible military strikes in Iran if tensions overits nuclear ambi-tions escalate.

While the Bushadministration hadapproved someclandestine militaryactivities, the neworder is intended tomake such effortsmore systematicand long term. Asper official sources,its goals are to buildnetworks that could“penetrate, disrupt,defeat or destroy”al-Qaeda and othermilitant groups, aswell as to preparethe environment forfuture attacks byAmerican or localmilitary forces.

General Pet-raeus’s order ismeant for smallteams of Americantroops to fill intel-ligence groupsabout terror organi-sations.

PD/July/2010/28 “Be civil to all; sociable to many; familiar with few; friend to one; enemy to none.”

The seven-page directive appears to authorise specificoperations in Iran, most likely to gather intelligence aboutthe country’s nuclear programme or identify dissidentgroups that might be useful for a future military offensive.The Obama administration insists that it is committed topenalising Iran only with sanctions. Nevertheless, thePentagon has to draw up detailed war plans to be pre-pared, in the event that President Obama ever authorisesa strike. “The Defence Department can’t be caught flat-footed,” said one Pentagon official.

The directive, the Joint Unconventional Warfare TaskForce Execute Order, signed September 30, may also havehelped lay a foundation for the surge of American mili-tary activity in Yemen that began three months later.Special Operations troops began working with Yemen’smilitary to try to dismantle al-Qaeda in the ArabianPeninsula.

The order calls for clandestine activities that “cannotor will not be accomplished” by conventional militaryoperations or “interagency activities”.

Unlike covert actions undertaken by the CIA, suchclandestine activity does not require the President’sapproval or regular reports to Congress. Special Opera-tions troops have already been sent into a number ofcountries.

North Korea Severs Ties with South Korea

North Korea announced on May 25, 2010 that it wassevering all relations with South Korea as tensions soaredon the Korean Peninsula. The announcement was a tit-for-tat response to Seoul’s imposition of sanctions on theNorth for sinking one of its warships.

North Korea said that it would cut all commun-ications with South Korea and would not resume anycontact during the tenure of South Korean President LeeMyung-bak.

Lee had announced tough trade measures againstNorth Korea earlier on May 24, including a ban on allimports and exports with the North and the closure ofSouth Korean waters to ships from the North.

A week earlier, his government had released thefindings of an international investigation that blamedNorth Korea for firing a torpedo that sank South Korea’swarship on March 26, killing 46 sailors.

North Korea said that it would forbid South Koreanships and aircraft from passing through its sea and airspace.

It also said that South Korean government officialswould be expelled from the Kaesong industrial park, aNorth-South venture near the border between the twoKoreas that has been a major source of hard currencyearnings for the impoverished government of Kim Jong-il(North Korea).

A statement attributed to the committee for thePeaceful Reunifications of Korea said, “Now we officiallystate that we will embark on firm action to close all Northand South relations, scrap the non-aggression agreementand abolish all cooperative businesses between theKoreas.

As part of the freeze the statement said that NorthKorea would close a 39 year old Red Cross liaison office atthe Panmunjom border village and begin a full-forcecounter attack against the puppet regime’s psychologicalwarfare against North Korea.”

It is common knowledge that South Korea is fullysupported by the United States and is an ally of the latter.It is in this context that North Korea dubs it as a puppetregime.

US Backing South● The US has thrown its full support behind South Korea’s

moves and they are planning two major military exercisesoff the Korean peninsula in a display of force intended todeter future aggression by North Korea.

● The US has 28,500 troops in South Korea.● On the other sides of the Cold War border, the North keeps

about one million soldiers, one of the world’s largeststanding armies.

North Korea’s Military Readiness

Meanwhile, North Korean leader Kim Jong-il has toldhis military that it may have to go to war but only if theSouth attacks first, “We do not hope for war but if SouthKorea, with the US and Japan on its back, tries to attackus, Kim Jong-il has ordered us to finish the task ofunification left undone during the (Korean) war,” a radiobroadcast said. The comments are in line with previousone by North that it is ready to defend itself if attacked.

The international community will have to mobilise allits diplomatic moves to defuse the crisis between the twoKoreas. The situation may aggravate further if somehowthe hot tempers on both sides maul the best side ofdiscretion by coming into clash.

Shanghai Cooperation Organisation’s(SCO’s) Norms for New Admissions

In a historic decision, the Shanghai CooperationOrganisation (SCO) has approved draft rules for admittingnew members into the six-member regional securitygrouping.

The new rules were endorsed by the SCO ForeignMinisters at their meeting in Tashkent, capital ofUzbekistan, on May 22, 2010. The rules are expected to befinally approved by the Heads of State of the SCO at aSummit meeting in June in Tashkent.

May 22’s decision signals the lifting of a moratoriumon the admission of new members the SCO introducedshortly after its establishment in 2001. The SCO com-prises : Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyz-stan and Tajikistan.

The nations which have observer status : Indian, Iran,Mangolia and Pakistan would be prime candidates for fullmembership. Iran will not immediately be able to enrol asthe rules bar nations which are under UN security councilsanctions as reported by a Russian diplomat.

Israel Launches Air Raid Drill

Israel launched its biggest air raid exercise on May23, 2010 to test its preparedness against possible missile

PD/July/2010/29 “The only people who find what they are looking for in life are the fault finders.”

strikes from Iranian sponsored militant groups as inter-national tensions rose over Tehran’s nuclear programme.

Israel has all along been calling for strong economicsanctions against Iran over its nuclear plans but, in a hintof possible military action, has said that all options areopen in case diplomacy failed to resolve the dispute.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has,however, described Israel’s biggest civil defence exerciseas a routine, protective move and said that the govern-ment sought only “quiet, stability and peace”.

The five-day drill dubbed as ‘Turning Point’ hassparked nervousness in the region as diplomatic effortsintensify to curb Iran’s nuclear ambitions, which the westand Israel believe are aimed at building nuclear weapons.

Hezbollah fired more than 4,000 rockets into Israelduring the 2006 Lebanon war. Hamas carried outnumerous cross-border rocket attacks in the past, andIsrael launched a war in the Gaza-Strip in late 2008 withthe aim of ending such strikes.

Israel has held a country-wide civil defence exerciseannually for the past three years and military officials saidthe current drill is the most extensive in its 62-yearhistory.

Teenage Everesters Establish Records

Two teenagers made records in climbing Mt. Evereston May 22, 2010. 13 year old American boy Jordan

The Youngest inthe World toreach Everest

Romero, who was among the more than50 mountaineers to reach the top,climbed from the Tibet side to becomethe youngest in the world to scale thehighest peak.

A few hours earlier a 16 year oldschool boy Arjun Bajpayee from Noida(India) became the youngest Indian to beon top of the peak. He chose thetraditional South Col route in Nepal.

The two youngsters could have had a tryst atop theworld’s highest summit, but apparently missed each otherby a whisker, as Arjun after a short stay atop made hisway back for a descent.

Arjun Bajpayee,who became theyoungest Indianto climb Mt.Everest on May 22

Arjun climbed the peak in thecompany of Apa Sherpa 50, whobecame the first man to climb the peakfor a record 20th time. The world recordfor the highest numbers of climbs onEverest also earlier stood in his name.

Along with Arjun also making it tothe top was another Indian womanMamta Sudha who reached the Summitfour hours after the young Indian ArjunBajpayee.

Arjun was accompanied by a 12-member team, nine of whom were from the U.S.,Denmark, Switzerland and Australia while the remainingthree were Indians.

Self-Replicating Bacterial Cell withSynthetic DNA Created

On May 20, 2010 American scientists announced aremarkable bold step. They announced that they hadproduced a living cell powered by man-made DNA.Scientists have created synthetic life by synthesising anentire bacterial genome and used it to take over a cell.

One Step Forward to Artificial Life

1. Scientists picked two species of a simple germ calledMycoplasma, then chemically synthesized the genome ofM. Mycoides, a germ that causes a disease in goats, withsome 1.1 million ‘letters’ of DNA.

2. This genome was transplanted into a living cell from adifferent Mycoplasma series.

3. The recipient cell started out with synthetic DNA and itsoriginal cytoplasm.

4. Soon enough, though, the new genome ‘booted up’,producing proteins which could be found only in thetransplanted goat germ.

Three Indian-origin scientists—Sanjay Vashee, RadhaKrishnakumar and Prashanth P. Parmar–were part of the 24-member team that has created a synthetic cell for the first time.The team was earlier involved in copying genomes from onebacteria to another, and in ‘writing’ the blueprint of DNA.

The Scientists have called it the world’s first syntheticcell. It is more a re-creation of existing life. The researchis being presentedhere as a landmarkthat will open waysto creating usefulmicrobes fromscratch to make pro-ducts like vaccinesand biofuels. Scien-tist J. Craig Venterdescribed the con-verted cell “as thefirst self-replicatingspecies we have hadon the planet. Thissynthetic cell raisesnew questions aboutnature of life”.

Scientists aim atachieving controlover a bacterium’sgenome, first bysynthesising its DNAand then by design-ing a new genomestripped of manynatural functionsand equipped withnew genes thatgovern production ofuseful chemicals.

PD/July/2010/30 “Beware of the young doctor and the old barber.”

Synthesising a Functional Genome

A team led by J. Craig Venter has succeeded in creating a synthetic bacterial genome and have used it to control a cell.

ASSEMBLY : The team began withsmall pieces of laboratory-madeDNA, then used a new technique tojoin them together into the largestpiece of DNA synthesised so far, aloop one million units in length.

INSERTION : The loop of DNA wasdesigned to closely replicate thegenetic sequence of a species ofbacterium. To test the DNA, the teaminserted it into an empty cell of adifferent species of bacterium.

SELF-REPLICATION : The synthetic DNAproved accurate enough to take over the bacterialcell and substitute for the cell’s own DNA. The‘synthetic cell’ then replicated itself to form abacterial colony.

The Scientists picked two species of a simple germnamed Mycoplasma. First, they chemically synthesizedthe genome of M. mycoides, that goat germ, which with1·1 million letters of DNA was twice as large as the germgenome they had previously built. Then they transplantedit into a living cell from a different Mycoplasma species,albeit a fair close cousin. That fixed, the transplantworked. The recipient cell started out with synthetic DNAand its original cytoplasm, but the new genome booted upthat cell to start producing only proteins that normallywould be found in the copied goat germ. The scientistshad tagged the synthetic DNA to be able to tell it apartand checked as the modified cell reproduced to confirmthat new cells really looked and behaved like M.Mycoides.

Thai Turmoil : Government Acts Tough with Red-shirt Protesters

For about two months the Thai capital witnessedrebel activity indulged in by red-shirt protesters tearingasunder the law and order situation in the capital.

Quelling Dissent : Red Shirt anti-government protesters aredetained by soldiers at their camp in Bangkok on May 19,2010.

Hundreds of people were killed in clashes between theThai security force and the protesters.

At long last, however, Thai authorities on May 19,2010 declared success in ending this prolonged protestcampaign in Bangkok’s commercial hub. While severalprotesters surrendered, a few others resolved to fight on.

The Red-shirted protesters have been demanding animmediate dissolution of the House of Representativesand a snap general election. Military-backed PrimeMinister Abhisit Vejjajiva, who set November 14, timelinefor a fresh poll, over a year ahead of schedule, laterwithdrew the offer, citing its rejection by the protestleaders.

The protesting United Front for Democracy againstDictatorship (UDD) is an umbrella group of pro-demo-cracy activists and the loyalists of Thaksin Shinawatra,who was deposed in a military coup in 2006 and is now aproclaimed fugitive living in self-imposed exile.

The UDD has been holding protests in the capitalsince March 12, when it trucked in tens of thousands offollowers to Bangkok from northern and north-easternThailand, the heartlands of the red shirt movement whichis openly supportive of the fugitive former PrimeMinister, Thaksin Shinawatra. Mr. Thaksin was over-thrown by a military coup in 2006 and fled the country toavoid a two-year prison term for corruption.

News in a Nutshell

Russia to Build ‘Invisible’ Helicopters

Russia is planning to build a combat helicopter thatwould be able to attack fighter jets and remain ‘invisible’to radar, officials have said. “We are working on theconcept of the 5th-generation combat helicopter,” AndreiShibitov, Chief Executive Officer of the Russia HelicoptersCompany said. If built, this will be the world’s first fifth-generation combat helicopter, he said. P.Darpan

PD/July/2010/31 “Content makes poor men rich; discontentment makes rich men poor.”

BIHAR

Annual Plan Pegged at Rs. 20,000 croreThe Annual Plan for Bihar for 2010-11 was on May

17, 2010 was finalised at Rs. 20,000 crore. The plan wasapproved at a meeting between Bihar Chief MinisterNitish Kumar and Planning Commission Deputy Chair-man Montek Singh Ahluwalia. Mr. Ahluwalia advised theState government to concentrate on improving farmproductivity through intensive use of high yieldingvarieties. The farm sector contributed 35 per cent of theState’s gross domestic product (GDP) and gave employ-ment to 77 per cent of its work force. Chief Minister NitishKumar said the social sector would get priority in Planallocation with over 36 per cent funding. Transport sectorwould be next priority with 23·45 per cent allocation. Thestate has succeeded in bringing down fiscal deficit to 3·5per cent and tax revenue up from Rs. 3,561 crore in 2005-06 to Rs. 8,274 crore in 2009-10.

DELHI

Dipak Misra : New Chief Justice of HighCourt

President Pratibha Patil has appointed the ChiefJustice of the Patna High Court, Justice Dipak Misra, asthe new Chief Justice of the Delhi High Court. He suc-ceeded Justice A.P. Shah, who retired this past February.

Hailing from Orissa, Justice Misra was appointedAdditional Judge of the Orissa High Court in January1996. He was transferred to the Madhya Pradesh HighCourt in March 1997. He became permanent Judge inDecember that year.

In December 2009 he was appointed Chief Justice ofthe Patna High Court.

GUJARAT

Gujarat gets Rs. 30,000 crore for Annual PlanThe Annual Plan for Gujarat for 2010-11 was on May

20, 2010 finalised at Rs. 30,000 crore. The plan wasfinalised in a meeting between Planning CommissionDeputy Chairman Montek Singh Ahluwalia and GujaratChief Minister Narendra Modi. It may be noted here thatin the first year of the Eleventh Plan, the State posted agrowth of 12·8% and in terms of per capita income alsoGujarat was far better placed that most other states ofIndia. The state has plans to set up the country’s first solarpark for generation of 700 Megawatt of power.

HIMACHAL PRADESH

A New 300 crore Package Announced

Union Commerce and Industry Minister AnandSharma on May 8, 2010 announced an industrial andfinancial bonaza worth Rs. 300 crore for Himachal Pradeshincluding extension of transportation and capital subsidyand income tax exemption for another three years. Healso announced a centrally sponsored Industrial Infra-structure Upgradation Scheme worth Rs. 70 crore for theindustrial township of Baddi.

HARYANA

Rs. 18,260 crore Approved for State AnnualPlan

The Annual Plan for Haryana for 2010-11 wasapproved at Rs. 18,260 crore on May 11, 2010. The planwas finalised between Haryana Chief Minister BhupinderSingh Hooda and Planning Commission Deputy Chair-man Montek Singh Ahluwalia. It may be noted here thatHaryana ranks high in terms of per capita income whichreflected the health of the state’s economy and deve-lopment.

KERALA

Sahitya Akademi Awards Announced

The Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards for 2009 wereannounced on May 11, 2010. Among the awardeesEttumanorr Somadasan, Erumeli Parameswaran Pillaiand P.V.K. Panyal have been chosen for overall contri-bution Bengamin’s Aadujeevitham was adjudged the bestnovel.

The awards in the other categories are as follows :

Poetry : N. K. Desam (Mudra); drama : K. M.Raghavan Nambyar (Swathanthryam thanne jeevitham);short-story : K. R. Meera (Ave Maria); literary criticism :K. S. Ravi Kumar (Aakhyanathinte Adarukal); scholarlyliterature : Vijaya Kumar Menon (Sthalam Kalam Kala);biography/autobiography : T. J. S. George (Ghoshayatra);travelogue : Raveendran (Ente Keralam) translation : K.Sachithanandan (Padinjaran Kavithakal); children’sliterature : a. Vijayan (Muyalchevi) and humour : Marshal(Ronald Reaganum Balan Mashum); Vishnu NarayananNamboodiri and Punathil Kunjabdulla have been chosenfor Akademi’s fellowships.

PD/July/2010/32 “Do not anticipate trouble, or worry about what may never happen. Keep in the sunlight.”

RAJASTHAN

Israni Committee Recommends Quota forGujjars in Jobs

Israni Committee which was appointed on the ordersof the Rajasthan High Court to look into the demands ofGujjars for reservation in jobs has recommended thatGujjars should be accorded special backward class statusand thus be provided reservation in jobs. It may be notedhere that the committee is headed by former High CourtJudge Justice I. S. Israni. The Committee which submittedits report to a Division Bench of the High Court hearing apublic interest writ in this matter on May 3, 2010 in Jaipurendorsed the recommendation of the Justice Jas RajChopra Committee which had recommended 5 per centreservation quota for Gujjars community in 2007. Follow-ing the submission of the report on–Gujjar quota, the stategovernment is planning to send a team to Maharashtra tostudy the legal provisions on exceeding the 50 per centlimit on reservation.

MEGHALAYA

Annual Plan Fixed at Rs. 2,230 crore

Megalaya’s Annual Plan for 2010-11 was pegged atRs. 2,230 crore on May 21, 2010. The plan was finalised ina meeting between Planning Commission DeputyChairman Montek Singh Ahluwalia and Meghalaya ChiefMinister Mukul Sangma. Meghalaya has been faring wellin development of infrastructure particularly roads andsteady growth is visible in the state’s per capita incomeand foodgrains. In the field of education, the state is closeto the national average and its 8·3% GSDP (gross statedomestic product) growth during the two first two yearPlan (2007-12) is a creditable achievement.

NORTH-EAST

Infrastructure Index for North-East RegionReleased

The Ministry of Development of North East Region(DONER) has prepared a composite District Infra-structure Index (DII) for all the districts in the region withobjective to reduce intra-regional disparities and bettertarget schemes and projects meant for development andprogress.

The DII is based on seven broad indicators—transport facilities in terms of road density and roadquality, energy, water supply, education, health facilities,communication infrastructure and banking facilities.

The Ministry has used the composite NER DII to giveranking from 1 to 80 to all the 80 districts. It may be notedhere that in all there are 86 districts in eight NE States.However, six new districts, four in Assam and two in

Arunachal Pradesh have been clubbed with the olddistricts from which those were carved out, for thepurpose of DII. It has also prepared State-wise compositeinfrastructure index and district ranking on 14 indicatorscovering the seven broad indicators. Imphal West districtin Manipur ranks first while Kiphire in Nagaland ranksthe lowest rank 80 under the Indes. Going by the districtranking South Sikkim district has the first rank with 7·07banks per 100 sq. km, while Kolasib district in Mizoramhas 80th rank with only 0·02 banks per 100 sq. km. Theranking on density and quality of roads has West Tripuradistrict having the first rank with 206·62 km of road per100 sq. km. while Kurung Kumey district in Arunachal isranked 80 with only 2·53 km road per 100 sq. km.Similarly Serchhip district in Mizoram ranks first onvillage electrification with 100 per cent villages electrifiedwhile Dhemaji in Assam ranks the lowest at 80 with only26·01 per cent villages electrified.

The Ministry plans to use the DII for final approval ofthe schemes and projects submitted by the States to befunded under the Non-Lapsable Central Pool ofResources.

TAMIL NADU

Rs. 20,068 crore Annual Plan Fixed for TamilNadu

The Annual Plan for Tamil Nadu for 2010-11 was onMay 3, 2010 fixed at Rs. 20,068 crore. The plan wasfinalised in a meeting between Tamil Nadu Chief MinisterM. Karunanidhi and Planning Commission DeputyChairman Montek Singh Ahluwalia. The plan outlayincludes an additional Central assistance of Rs. 150 crorefor projects of special interest to the state. Mr. Ahluwaliaappreciated Tamil Nadu for having an impressive recordof improvement in human development indices andgrowth in industry and services with a dynamic servicesector, a relatively stagnant agriculture sector and amodest industry sector. Tamil Nadu was one of the mosturbanised states with a high human development indexwith improvement in infrastructure and high investmentlevels.

WEST BENGAL

Rs. 3,050 crore Target Set for MGNREGA

The West Bengal Government has set an expendituretarget of Rs. 3,050 crore for the implementation of 100days’ work programme for the rural masses under theMahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment GuaranteeAct (MGNREGA) which is Union Governments’ flagshipprogramme. As per West Bengal Finance Minister AsimDasguptas’ information, this would mark a significantincrease over the Rs. 2010 crore spent in 2009-10. It may benoted here that in West Bengal 45 days of work was madeavailable last year but this year, the target would be toraise it to 70 days. P.Darpan

PD/July/2010/33 “Drive thy business or it will drive thee.”

ACRONYMS

CIHCS—Central Institute of Himalayan CultureStudies.

The central government has decided to set up aCentral Institute of Himalayan Culture studies inArunachal Pradesh. It would be an autonomous bodyunder the Ministry of Culture and will be located atDahung in West Kameng district to be built at a cost of Rs.9 crore.

IFC—Infrastructure Finance Companies.IVFRT—Immigration, Visa and Foreigners Registra-

tion and Tracking.NCPCR—National Commission for Protection of

Child RightsNCPCR is a statutory body like the NCW (National

Commission for Women) and NHRC (National HumanRights Commission. It is a body entrusted with the task ofacting as children’s ombudsman, to protect their rightsand ensure due justice to them. The Government of Indiaconstituted the Commission in the context of UN conven-tion on the Rights of the Child, which it ratified in 1992. Itmay be mentioned that there is already a NCPCR Act,2005.

PHWRs—Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors.UIDAI—Unique Identification Authority of India.

APPOINTMENTS/ELECTION

Ratan Kumar SinhaRatan Kumar Sinha took over as Director of the

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Trombay, onMay 19, 2010 from Srikumar Banerjee, also Chairman ofthe Atomic Energy Commission.

New Director of the BARC RatanKumar Sinha (left) being greeted bypredecessor Srikumar Banerjee inMumbai on May 19, 2010.

Mr. Sinha wasDirector of the Reac-tor Design and Deve-lopment Group andthe Manufacturingand AutomationGroup at BARC.

Mr. Sinha spear-headed the develop-ment of severalremote inspectiontechnologies forreplacing the coolantchannels in the Pres-sured Heavy WaterReactors.

Earlier, he designed, developed and installed coolantchannels and other internal components of the Dhruwa(100 Megawatt thermal) research reactor at BARC.

New Rajasthan Judges Take OathJustice Kailash Joshi and Justice Sajjan Singh Kothari

were sworn in as judges of the Rajasthan High Court at itsprincipal seat at Jodhpur on May 24, 2010. Chief JusticeJagdish Bhalla administered the oath of office to the twonew judges.

While justice Joshi was earlier Registrar-General ofthe High Court, Justice Kothari served as the State LawSecretary.

With the two judges assuming office, the strength ofjudges in the high court has increased to 26 against thesanctioned strength of 40.

By another order Tafazzul Hussain Samma has beenappointed the High Court’s Registrar-General.

Kshemendra PaulThe Obama administration has appointed Indian-

American Kshemendra Paul to a key IT position, makinghim head of an agency that facilitates the sharing andaccess of terrorism-related information with in variouswings of the U.S. government.

Mr. Paul, whose parents migrated from Punjab in1950s has been appointed as Programme Manager for theInformation Sharing Environment (PM-ISE), which hasnow assumed a major role as the administration isfocused on organising and streamlining terrorism-relateddata available with various agencies and departments ofthe government. At present he is the Federal ChiefArchitect at the Office of Management and Budget.

S. RamakrishnanS. Ramakrishnan, Director (Projects) Vikram Sarabhai

Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, has been appointed

S. Ramakrishnan

Director of Liquid Propulsion SystemsCentre (LPSC) of the Indian SpaceResearch Organisation. He took overthe charge on May 31, 2010.

An expert in rocket technology, Mr.Ramakrishnan had earlier been theProject Director of the Geo-synchronousSatellite Launch Vehicle—MARK IIIwhich is under development.

D. ShivnandanMumbai Police Commissioner D. Shivnandan was on

May 31, 2010 appointed Maharashtra’s new Director-General Police (DGP).

He succeeds Anami Narayan Roy who retired onMay 31.

PD/July/2010/34 “Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.”

Sanjeev Dayal, Additional Director-General (specialoperations) was appointed Mumbai Police Commissioner.

H. L. KakriaLieutenant General H. L. Kakria on May 31, 2010 took

over as the new Director General of Medical Services(Army) in New Delhi.

He replaces Lt. Gen. S. R. Mehta, who retired.

Vivek Sahay

Vivek Sahay

A Senior railway officer VivekSahay on May 31, 2010 took over as thenew Chairman of Railway Board.

He takes the place of S. S. Khuranawho has retired.

PERSONS IN THE NEWS

KhusbooMs. Khusboo, who is a popular southern actress came

into the news recently when she met DMK President M.Karunanidhi and joined his DMK party, saying she lovesto serve the people.

Joining theBandwagon :

Khusboo

Khusboo told IANS earlier that shehad always wanted to involve herself infull-time politics.

Khusboo was in April 2010acquitted by the Supreme in all 22 casespending against her in courts acrossTamil Nadu for endorsing pre-maritaland live-in-relationships.

She started her career in the 1980sas a child artiste. She was introduced to

southern film industry by K. Raghavendra Rao’s Telugumovie ‘Kaliyuga Pandavulu.’ She worked in all foursouthern movie industries but was more active in Tamilfilms.

Baroness Sayeeda Hussain WarsiBaroness Sayeeda Hussain Warsi created history by

becoming the first Muslim woman to be part of the British

Sayeeda Warsi

Cabinet, when she was announced theChairman of the Conservative Party afew days earlier. Born in Yorkshire, thetrained solicitor has been heavilypromoted as the multi-cultural face ofthe newly elected British Prime MinisterDavid Cameron’s Tory Party.

Once voted the most powerfulMuslim woman in the country, Warsi isone of the only four women appointed to the 23-membercabinet. “It is a huge achievement for me as someone whois from a working class, of Muslim faith and of Pakistanbackground,” she was quoted as saying.

Warshi has the potential of becoming a powerfulvoice for Muslims within the British Cabinet.

The youngest member of the House of Lords, shewas, on the recommendation of now PM David Cameron,conferred the title of Baroness of Dewsbury in 2007.

DEATHS

Legendary Singer Lena HorneLena Horne, the enchanting jazz singer and actress

who reviled the bigotry that allowed her to entertainwhite audiences but not socialise with them, slowing herrise to Broadway superstardom, died on May 2, 2010. Shewas 92.

Lena Horne

Horne, whosestriking beauty andmagnetic sex appealoften overshadowedher sultry voice, wasremarkably candidabout the underlyingreason for her success.

“I was unique inthat I was a kind ofblack that white peoplecould accept,” she once

said. “I was their day dream. I had the worst kind ofacceptance because it was never for how great I was orwhat I contributed. It was because of the way I looked.”

K. A. KrishnasamyFormer AIADMK Minister K. A. Krishnasamy,

known as KAK, died on May 18. He was 78.KAK was the younger brother of K. A. Mathiazhagan,

one of the five prominent leaders of the DMK.KAK was the first organisation secretary of the

AIADMK when it was founded in 1972 by MGR.Thennagam, the daily run by him, became the officialorgan of the AIADMK.

Father of ATM, Scot John Shepherd-BarronPasses Away

India-born Scot John Shepherd-Barron, the man whoinvented the Automated Teller Machine (ATM) passedaway in Scotland on May 15, 2010. He was 84.

A 1968 photo of an ATM inaction

The businessman, whoworked for the printing firmDe La Rue Instruments atthe time came up with thecon-cept of a self servicecash dispenser in 1965 whilelying in a bath after gettingto his bank too late towithdraw money.

Shepherd - Barron’s‘eureka’ moment wasinspired by a machine dis-pensing chocolate bars andhe later sold his concept toan executive at Britain’sBarclays Bank over a pinkgin.

“It struck me there must be a way I could get my ownmoney, anywhere in the world or the UK. I hit upon the

PD/July/2010/35 “Employ thy time well, if thou meanest to get leisure.”

idea of a chocolate bar dispenser, but replacing chocolatewith cash,” Barron had said.

The first ATM was installed at a bank in London in1967. And, Reg Varney, one of the stars of popular TVshow ‘On the Buses’, became the first person to withdrawcash.

The first ATM was operated by inserting a specialcheque that was matched against a PIN number, andpaved the way for machines using plastic cards. Thereare now nearly two million machines worldwide.

Tapen ChattopadhyayFilm personality Tapen Chattopadhyay, famous for

his role as Goopi in Satyajit Ray’s classic Goopi GayenBagha Bayen (Goopi the singer Bagha the drammure) diedat Kolkata on May 24, 2010. He was 72.

Chattopadhyay started his career in the advertise-ment department of a children’s magazine, Sandesh beforebeing cast by Ray as Goopi.

The actor became famous overnight and went on toplay the same actor in two more films—one directed byRay and the other by Ray’s son Sandip Ray.

AWARDS AND HONOURS

Rima Fakih is Miss USA 2010Rima Fakih—an Arab-American was crowned Miss

USA 2010 on May 16, 2010 in Washington. She is the

Rima Fakih

Labanese immigrantwho became the firstever Arab-Americanto win the title. Shewon accolade fortelling the judges thatbirth control ought tobe paid for by thehealthcare systemgiven its cost. Ms.Fakih was born inLebanon and immi-grated to the UnitedStates of America as achild. Currently shehails from Dearborn, Michigan. She is also the firstMuslim woman to bag the title.

Ratan Tata Honoured with Chanchlani GlobalIndian Award

India’s top industrialist and Chairman of the TataGroup Ratan Tata has been honoured with CIF Chanchlani

Ratan Tata

Global Indian Award for his out-standing global leadership, vision andprofessional excellence. Canada IndiaFoundation (CIF) created the CIFChanchlani Global India Award torecognize individuals who have demo-nstrated global leadership, vision andprofessional excellence which has madepeople of Indian origin around the

globe proud of their heritage. The award carries $ 2,25,000

(Rs. one crore) and citation. It was presented at theAnnual Award Gala of Canada India Foundation held inVancouver Barj Dhahan recently.

The 63rd Cannes Film Festival ConcludesThe 63rd Cannes Film Festival which began on May

12, 2010 concluded on 23, 2010 in Cannes, France. Littleknown arthouse directorApichatpong Weerase-thakul’s “Uncle Boonmeewho can Recall his PastLives” won the presti-gious Palme d’Or. The

film is from Thailand. ‘Uncle Boonmee’ is only sixth Asianoffering to win the top prize at Cannes Festival in severaldecades and the first in more than 10 years. Bardem, whoplays a good hearted terminally hustler in ‘Biutiful’ by

Apichatpong Weerasethakul receivingPalme d’Or—for uncle Boonmee

Mexico’s AlejandroInarritu, shared thebest actor awardwith Italy’s ElioGermano of grittysocial drama ‘OurLife’. Binocha wasnamed best actressfor her life role in‘Certified copy’ byIran’s Abbas Kiaro-stami. South Koreandirector Lee ChangDong’s. ‘Poetry’ wasnamed best screen-play while Frenchman Mathieu Amalric won the bestdirector prize for ‘Tour’. Chadian director Mahmat—Saleh Haroun clinched the jury prize for ‘A ScreamingMan’—the first movie from Sub-Saharan Africa to run forthe Palme in 13 years. The list of the awardees at thecannes Film Festival is given below—

Palma d’Or (Best Feature Film)—LUNG BOONMEERALUEK CHAT (Uncle Boonmee who can recall his pastlives) by Apichatpong WEERASETHAKUL (Thailand)

Grand Prix—DES HOMMES ET DES DIEUX (OfGods And Men) by Xavier BEAUVOIS (France)

Award for the Best Director—Mathieu AMALRICfor TOURNEE (On Tour) (France)

Jury Prize—UN HOMME QUI CRIE (A ScreamingMan) directed by Mahamat-Saleh HAROUN (Chad)

Best Performance for an Actor—Javier BARDEM inBIUTIFUL directed by Alejandro GONZALEZ INARRITU(Mexico)

Elio GERMANO in LA NOSTRA VITA (Our Life)directed by Daniele LUCHETTI (Italy)

Best Performance for an Actress—Juliette BINOCHEin COPIE CONFORME (Certified Copy) directed byAbbas KIAROSTAMI (Iran)

Award for the Best Screenplay—LEE Chang-dongfor POETRY (Korea)

Palme d’Or (Best Short Feature Film)—CHIENNED’HISTOIRE (Barking Island) directed by SergeAVEDIKIAN (France)

PD/July/2010/36 “Energy and persistence conquer all things.”

Jury Prize—MICKY BADER (Bathing Micky) directedby Frida KEMPFF

CAMERA D’OR

ANO BISIESTO directed by Michael ROWE.

UN CERTAIN REGARD

Un Certain Regard Prize—Fondation Groupama GANpour le cinema HAHAHA by HONG Sangsoo

Jury Prize—OCTUBRE (October) directed by DanielVEGA & Diego VEGA

The Prize for Best Performance Un Certain Regard—

Adela SANCHEZ, Eva BIANCO, Victoria RAPOSO inLOS LABIOS (The lips) by lvan FUND & Santiago LOZA.

CINEFONDATION

First Cinefondation Prize—TAULUKAUPPIAAT(The Painting Sellers) by Juho KUOSMANEN.

Second Cinefondation Prize—COUCOU-LES-NUAGES (Anywhere out of the world) by VincentCARDONA

Third Cinefondation Prize—HINKERORTZORASUNE (The Fifth Column) by VatcheBOULGHOURJIAN

A VEC JESAM SVE ONO STO ZELIM DA IMAM(I Already am Everything I Want to Have) by DaneKOMLJEN

Vandana Shiva Honoured with Sydney PeacePrize

Indian physicist and environmentalist Vandana Shivahas been honoured with the 2010 Sydney Peace Prize. The

Vandana Shiva

57 years old activist has been recog-nized for her work on the empower-ment of women in developing countries,her advocacy of the human rights ofsmall farming communities and herscientific analysis of environmentalsustainability. Shiva will give the City ofSydney Peace Prize lecture at SydneyOpera House on November 3, 2010 andwill be presented with the prize on November 4, 2010.“Vandana Shiva’s work highlights the fundamentalconnection between human rights and the protection ofenvironment” said Mary Kostakidis who is the Chair-person of the Sydney Peace Foundation.

Kyriakos Maniatis gets Bioenergy PrizeKyriakos Maniatis Principal Administrator, Direc-

torate General for Energy, European Commission hasbeen awarded the Johannes Linneborn Prize for achieve-ments in biomass development. The bioenergy prize waspresented to him at the 18th European Biomass Con-ference and Exhibition in Lyons, France recently. Maniatishas managed the bioenergy demonstration part of theEuropean Commission Framework Programmes and hasbeen responsible for all technical issues related to 1st and2nd generation biofuels at DG Energy. It may be notedhere that Johannes Linneborn Prize was established in1994 for outstanding contribution to the developmentfrom biomass.

Gold Medal for Indian Sand ArtistIndian sand artist Sudarsan Pattnaik won the

People’s Choice Gold Medal at the second World SandSculpture Championship recently held in Moscow.Pattnaik won this honour for his sculpture of legendaryBollywood actor Raj Kapoor. Mr. Pattnaik’s Raj Kapoor—

Sudarsan Pattnaik poses with his goldmedal in front of the sand sculpture ofRaj Kapoor from the film ‘Mera NaamJoker’ in Moscow on May 6, 2010.

the Icon of Indo-Russian Friendshipsculpture was highlyacclaimed by visitorswho voted him forthe top prize. Artistsfrom Iceland wonthe Jury Choice andSculptor Choiceprizes in the cham-pionship. The themeof this year’s cham-pionship was world’scinema and theartists were requiredto give their vision of famous movies from famous direc-tors with famous actors in their sand creations.

Anti-Imperialist Writer Wins the Lost BookerThe anti-imperialist Anglo-Irish writer J.G. Farrell

was recently posthumously awarded a special one-off lostBooker prize for his novel ‘Troubles’ published in 1970.The prize which carries no cash prize was created torecognize books of 1970 which missed out because of achange in rules that meant that the 1971 Booker was givento novels published that year, rather than retrospectively,as had been the practice until then. Mr. Farrell’s youngerbrother Richard accepted the prize for his elder brother inLondon recently.

Nine Indians Figure Among ‘Time’ Maga-zine’s 100 Most Influential People

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, cricketing legendSachin Tendulkar and Nobel-winning economist AmartyaSen are among nine Indians who figure in the annualTime magazine list of 100 most influential people while itsalumnae chart is topped by Bollywood beauty AishwaryaRai Bachchan. Other Indians on the list of most influentialpeople are : Eye specialist Perumalsamy Namperumalsam,humanitarian worker Sanjit Buker Roy, writer ChetanBhagat, Indian-American doctor and Harvard ProfessorAtul Gwande, paramedic from Toronto Rahul Singh andentre-preneur Kiran Mazumdar Shaw.

The magazine recognised Prime Minister Singh’scontribution towards liberalising the economy andguiding India into the ‘ranks of the great powers’. “Thelong history of India boasts many great leaders. But themuch shorter history of Indian democracy is alreadycreating its own heroes, and Manmohan Singh, 77, is oneof them.” Indra Nooyi, CEO of Pepsi, wrote in themagazine. As India’s Finance Minister from 1991 to 1996,Singh realised that the country had everything to gain byopening up. The Former US President Clinton heads theheroes for his work as a fund-raiser and anti-povertyactivist. The ‘leaders’ list starts with the Brazilian

PD/July/2010/37 “Genius without education is like silver in the mine.”

President Lula da Silva who is recognised for his drive tobring social justice and end deep inequality in hishuge Latin American country. J. T. Wang, CEO of theTaiwanese PC maker Acer comes in at number two as arepresentative of the rise of Asian companies. Top USmilitary officer, Admiral Mike Mullen, is third, withPresident Barack Obama in the fourth slot.

Global Green Award for Sourabh SenNRI entrepreneur Sourabh Sen has been awarded the

prestigious Global Green Award in recognition of hisleaderhip and success in promoting renewable energysolutions in emerging markets such as India.

Sen, co-chairman of the US-based renewable energymajor Astonfield Renewables Inc, was presented theaward at World Trade Week in New York recently.

The Global Green Award is an annual award thatacknowledges exemplary leadership in promotingenvironmental sustainability and economic developmentaround the globe.

Astonfield was nominated for the award by the USDepartment of Commerce.

It may be noted here that with a portfolio of nearly1,000 MW of solar, biomass and waste-to-energy projects,Astonfield is the largest mutli-modality renewable energycompany in South Asia.

State Bank of India gets Asian BankerAchievement Award

The State Bank has won the prestigious Asian BankerAchievement Award for being the strongest bank in AsiaPacific region. The award has been instituted by theQatar Financial Centre Authority and the Asian Bankermagazine.

The award has been given to SBI in recognition ofSBI’s combination of financial performance and keybusiness improvements, making it the region’s strongestbank with strong and steady income growth rates of 20per cent, 14 per cent and 28 per cent for the past threeyears, the magazine said in the award citation.

Already the largest bank in the second fastest growinglarge economy, the state-owned lender has attractedcustomers and talent from the private sector and otherstate-owned banks, as well as market share in deposits.

The SBI has also won the Asian Banker transactionbanking award. Winner of achievement award for tradefinance in India in the past two years, SBI became thelargest bank by market capitalisation.

Third IOS Lifetime Achievement Award forA. R. Kidwai

The Vice-President of India Shri M. Hamid Ansaripresented the “3rd IOS Lifetime Achievement Award toDr. A. R. Kidwai, the former Governor of Bihar, WestBengal, Haryana and the former Chairman, UPSC at afunction organised by the Institute of Objective Studies(IOS) recently. The award consists of Rs. One lakh, acitation and a memento.

Dr. Kidwai was a Professor of Chemistry in AligarhMuslim University. Lauding the great contribution of Dr.Kidwai, Shri Ansari said that he fulfilled his constitutionalresponsibilities without being involved in any politics.

STUDY/RESEARCH/SURVEY/REPORT

Malnutrition Main Reason for 50 per centChild Deaths : Study

A new study on nutritional challenges has painted agrim picture of the current Indian scenario where over 50

Damage Control : WCD ministryplans to strengthen nutritionalsurveillance by identifying high-risk and vulnerable districts.

per cent of child deathsare caused due tomalnutrition. Concer-ned over the highnumber of child deaths,the Ministry of Womenand Child Develop-ment (WCD) plans tostrengthen nutritionalsurveillance by map-ping under-nourishedendemic zones andidentifying high riskand vulnerable districts.

● Programme to strengthen care of pregnant mothers● Need to reduce malnutrition among children

The report recommends developing a nutritionsurveillance system to identify clusters of cases anddeaths due to undernutrition. It also suggests setting upof a working group comprising experts to monitor ICDS(Integration Child Development Scheme) and NRHM(National Rural Health Mission). The system envisagestracking of children to ensure medical intervention andfamilies can benefit from government schemes like 100days’ employment under MNREGA.

The WCD Ministry has already presented a paper tothe Planning Commission on the issue. Sources said thatthere was need for nutritional aspect to take centrestage inall welfare programmes and policies. While this has beendone to some extent in government programmes likeNational Rural Health Mission, ICDS, JNNURM, RajivGandhi national drinking water mission and nationalfood security mission, the report pointed out that gapsremained.

PD/July/2010/38 “Glass, china and reputation are easily cracked, and never well mended.”

Core interventions that have been recommendedinclude ensuring household food security and livelihood,need for supplementary food programmes to addressmaternal and infant undernutrition, restructuring ofICDS, capacity building, monitoring nutrition interven-tions and restructuring of ICDS. The ministry also plansto take up the matter of construction of anganwadi centresthrough MNREGA and MP local area development funds.

In addition to laying emphasis on nutrition status ofchildren under the age of three years, the Ministry willalso launch a joint training initiative with the Health andFamily Welfare Ministry under the NRHM and the ICDSto strengthen care of pregnant mothers. The nutritionalrehabilitation centres under the NRHM will be streng-thened by linking them to child health units and the ICDSwill restructure itself to provide greater flexibility toStates and districts for implementation.

The objective of the “Strategy to Address India’sNutrition Challenges,” as defined in the 11th Five-YearPlan monitorable targets, also highlights the need toreduce malnutrition among children (underweightprevalence) in the age group 0–3 years to half its presentlevel by the end of the Plan. It also stresses on reducinganaemia among women and girls by 50 per cent.

Most Child Labourers Found in Asia-Pacific :A Report

According to a study, child labourers may bedeclining in sheer numbers yet more children are at workin the Asia-Pacific region than in the rest of the worldcombined.

A global report has noted that while there was a 26per cent decline in the number of children employed(between the age group of 5–14 years) from 122·3 millionto 96·4 million across the world, but in absolute terms,Asia-Pacific region had the largest number of childlabourers at 113·6 million (aged 5–17 years) compared tosub-saharan Africa (65·1 million) and Latin America andCaribbean (14·1 million).

The Interntional Labour Organisation’s ‘Acceleratingaction against child labour’ report said that 42 per cent ofthese children were employed in hazardous work. Theglobal estimate for child labourers according to ILO isabout 215 million in 2008, down from 222 million in 2004.India has 445 million children, Bangladesh 64 million, andPakistan 70 million, as compared to, for example, China’s348 million. “In sheer numbers, India and Pakistan haveby far the largest out-of-school child population in theworld,” the report said.

The study said there was a “stark contrast in politicalcommitment” to universal education and povertyreduction. While China took more people out of povertythan any other country since 1979, and put most of itschildren into basic education, this goal had often provedelusive in South Asia.

For one, India still devotes about the same proportionof national income to education (about 3·5 per cent) thatit did in the mid-1980s. The report also pointed outthat institutional capacity to implement policies andprogrammes and enforce legislation remained a major

challenge with rural indebtedness and poverty cripplingthe economy.

Of India’s 370 million informal economy workers, 236million are found in agriculture. According to officialdata, nearly 25 per cent of the rural population is reportedto be below the poverty line. By World Bank definitions ofpoverty, over 75 per cent of Indians are probably belowthe poverty line. As a consequence, there is a hugeproblem of rural indebtedness affecting 82 per cent offarmers in Andhra, and around 50 per cent of farmersnationwide.

Incidentally, four states account for 40 per cent of thecountry’s child workers. The report cites data collected bythe National Commission for Enterprises in theUnorganised Sector, which reported in 2007, that a muchlarger labour pool of out-of-school children could beconsidered as potential child labourers.

LITERATURE

Theme Song Launched for World ClassicalTamil Meet

The theme song for the world classical Tamil Con-ference, encapsulating the contributions of Tamil cultureand literature down the ages, was officially launched byi t s author and Chief Minister M . Karunanidhi a t afunctions in Chennai on May 15, 2010.

Mr. Karunanidhi admitted that it was difficult toillustrate in a poem the glory of different classical workswritten in various periods ranging from the Sangam erato the post-Sangam period.

Explaining the Central theme of the song, the ChiefMinister said that all were equal by birth and they shouldhave the feeling that they remained as such even later andthey should live as one race.

● Author Karunanidhi explains the central message of thesong

● All are equal by birth… they should live as one race● The song encapsulates the contributions of Tamil culture

and literature down the ages.

The world classical Tamil Conference would be heldin June 2010 in Coimbatore. It would begin with therendering of the song. According to Mr. Karunanidhi 205scholars from 27 countries would attend the meet. Therewould be 53 experts from Sri Lanka, 37 from Singapore,29 from Malaysia, 22 from the United States and 14 fromCanada. The song has been filmed by Gautam VasudevMenon.

EDUCATION

Government Launches CBSE’s InternationalCurriculum

The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) onMay 25, 2010 launched its self-designed internationalcurriculum that aims at competing with its westerncounterparts to produce the global citizen of tomorrow.

PD/July/2010/39 “God heals, and the doctor takes the fees.”

Human Resource Development Minister Kapil Sibalpresided over the worldwide launch of the CBSE—international (CBSE-i) curriculum at Dubai’s Indian HighSchool (IHS). The IHS will also become a global centre fortraining teachers in the new curriculum under theguidelines of the CBSE.

According to the Minister, the CBSE’s initiative wasfuturistic and was a reflection of India’s ambitious driveto establish vast pool of skilled manpower that couldbecome a significant driver of the global economy.

Elaborating on the new initiative CBSE ChairmanVineet Joshi said that learning skills apart, the CBSE-iwould also impart to its students social skills, and at thesame time highlight the importance of a positive attitude.“Having the right attitude, willingness to learn and abilityto work in teams will be given prime importance, asdemanded by the globalised world.”

What the Minister emphasized was the fact that Indiapossessed human resources having a ‘demographicdividend’ in comparison to ‘demographic deficit’ that wasbeing felt in the rest of the world.

SPACE

Atlantis Lifts off into HistoryWith a huge orange plume trailing behind, US space

shuttle Atlantis lifted off from the Kennedy Space Centreon its scheduled mission to the International Space Station(ISS), signalling the beginning of the end of the three-decade American Programme.

As the count-down ended at 2·20p.m. on May 7 (23·50IST), thousands ofpeople who thron-ged the sprawlingcomplex in Floridawere treated to ajaw-dropping sight asthe shuttle’s enginespounded the launchpad lifting it intospace with a thunderous roar.

Over the next few seconds the shuttle disappearedinto the skies embarking on mission STS 132, ascendingon what appeared like a scorching streak of sunlight. Itleft behind a thick cloud of smoke.

“You do not see a shuttle launch, you feel it,” KevinHoshstrasser, Site Director of Boeing Network and Space,told a group of Indian correspondents ahead of the launchthat was cheered by an estimated 3 lakh people whodescended here from various places to watch Atlantismake history.

The Obama administration decided to wind up thespace shuttle programme that began with Columbiamaking its maiden voyage in April 1981. Between nowand November 2010, the last of the two shuttles,Discovery and Endeavour will carry payloads to the ISSand then make their way to museums.

Space shuttle Atlantis mission STS-132 was commondeered by US Navy Captain Ken Hem. For space shuttle

astronaut Michael J. Bloomfield, who flew three missionsincluding one as the commander, it was an emotionalmoment to watch Atlantis take the sunset mission.

ADVENTURE/EXPEDITION

Australian Schoolgirl Sails Solo Around theWorld

An Australian schoolgirl sailor Jessica Watson sailedinto history on May, 15, 2010, becoming the youngestperson to circumnavigate the globe solo, non-stop andwithout help.

Ms. Watson (16), crossed the finish line at the entranceto Sydney Harbour shortly before 2 p.m. in her brightpink yacht after 210 days at sea, one month ahead ofschedule and three days before her 17th birthday.

Ms. Watson’s 23,000 nautical mile journey took herthrough some of the world’s most challenging andtreacherous waters, pitting her bright pink 33-foot yachtagainst 40-foot swells and gale-force winds.

She twice sailed over the equator, crossed all meri-dians of longitude and passed the world’s four capes asshe traversed the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans.

Ms. Watson, who took up sailing at the age of 8, facedsome of her worst conditions in waters off Australia. “It isan amazing feat,” said Harbour Master Steve Young.“Anybody who’s read her blog will see she’s got amaturity far above her years.”

ENERGY

Six More Fast Breeder Reactors PlannedThe Centre has sanctioned a pre-project funding of

Rs. 250 crore to Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut NigamLimited (BHAVINI) for the construction of two more fastbreeder reactors of 500 MWe capacity each at Kalpakkam,near Chennai. This information was given by PrabhatKumar, Project Director, BHAVINI. The money would beused for land acquisition and site-levelling. These twobreeder reactors would come up in addition to the 500MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) alreadyunder construction at Kalpakkam.

Mr. Kumar told reporters on May 13 that PFBRconstruction had survived the trauma of the tsunami ofDecember 2004, which had flooded the PFBR’s pit.

The PFBR had the largest and the deepest excavatedpit for any nuclear power project in India. It measured 225metres by 225 metres and 20 metres deep.

According to S. C. Chetal, Director, Reactor Engineer-ing Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, theconstruction of the two additional breeder reactors wouldcommence by the beginning of 2014. They would generateelectricity by 2020.

Four more breeder reactors of 500 MWe capacity eachwould come up at coastal sites, perhaps in AndhraPradesh, Orissa or West Bengal.

According to B. S. Goel, Director (Finance) BHAVINI,the PFBR project cost had gone up from Rs. 3,500 crore toRs. 5,600 crore.

PD/July/2010/40 “Having been poor is no shame, but being ashamed of it, is.”

ACCIDENT

Over Hundred People Killed in Libyan PlaneCrash

A Libyan Airbus jet crashed early on May 12, 2010 asit tried to land in Tripoli airport, killing 103 people onboard, most of themDutch, leaving ayoung Dutch boy thesole survivor.

The AirbusA330-200, which hadonly been in servicesince September wasflying from Johan-nesburg to theLibyan capital when it crashed just short of the runway.Among those on board 22 of the victims were Libyans.

Death Field : At least 96 of 104 people on a LibyanAfriqiyah Airways plane were killed on May 12 as the aircraftcrashed on approach to Tripoli airport. A 10-year-old Dutchboy was the only survivor. Libyan transport ministerMohammed Ali Zaidan ruled out terrorism behind the crashof the Airbus A330-200 arriving from Johannesburg, SouthAfrica. Experts are unclear on the cause of the crash thoughthey ruled out presence of volcanic ash from Iceland. Libyanstate TV showed a large field scattered with pieces of planedebris, and dozens of police and rescue workers, some of themcarrying at least one body away. A large piece of the plane’stail was visible, bearing Afriqiyah’s brightly coloured logowith the numbers ‘9·9·99’, the date of founding of the AfricanUnion.

The plane was carrying 93 passengers and 11 crew.“Every body is dead, except for one child,” Libyan Trans-port Minister Mohammed Zaidan told a news conferenceat Tripoli airport. It was not known what went wrongwith Afriqiyah Airways flight 8U771 but the Ministerruled out terrorism.

ARCHAEOLOGY

Four Chola Inscriptions Found Near Kanchee-puram

Four inscriptions, two of Raja Raja Chola (regnalyears 985–1014AD) and two of the earlier Chola period of10th century A.D. have been discovered at Siru Karumburvillage, near Kaveripakkam, 20 km from Kancheepuramin Tamil Nadu on the initiative of Sri Vijayendra Saraswatiof the Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham. They throw light on theartistic and temple–building activities in the northernregion (Tondaimandalam) of the Tamil country duringthe Chola period and Raja Raja Chola’s firm grip on theregion.

When Sri Vijayendra Saraswati visited the Sivatemple and the adjacent Sundara Kamakshi temple atSiru Karumbur on May 10, he saw many architecturalpieces and fragmented stone inscriptions lying scatteredin the village. When he noticed a mound of stones behindthe temples, he suggested that the stones be ‘rolled over’

to see whether they had any inscription. On being toldthat one stone had an inscription, he came back to thevillage on May 12 and saw another inscription lying somedistance away. Both belonged to 10th Century A. D. Twoinscriptions of the great Chola emperor were alsodiscovered in the vicinity. So Sri Vijayendra Saraswatiwanted R. Nagaswamy, former Director of the TamilNadu Archaeology Department, to read them. TheParamacharya, Sri Chandrasekharendra Saraswati, hadvisited these temples in 1974 and 1978.

Dr. Nagaswamy said one of the 10th Century inscrip-tions referred to several persons who agreed to serve theSiva temple and mentioned them as Mani NaganNaruppan, Kuppan Narupponthai, Arunan TirukkoilMottai, Tirukkoil Poduvan, Ezhilan etc. The other referredto an endowment, which was added to an existingendowment, on a donation of 100 ‘kalams’ (a measure) ofpaddy for meeting the temple’s expenses.

Of the two inscriptions of the emperor, one, dated tohis 28th regnal year (1013 A.D.), specifically mentionedhis name as Raja Kesari Varman Raja Raja Devar. Itreferred to Jayamkonda Chola Mandalam, a territorialdivision of Paduvur ‘Kottam’ (a smaller territorialdivision) and talked about the land lying in a commonholding in a habitation named Raja Raja Ceri.

TRAVEL AND TOURISM

Luxury Train to Link Rajasthan, Varanasi andKhajuraho

The Royal Rajasthan on wheels, a new luxury touristtrain connecting Varanasi, Rajasthan and Khajuraho,will be on tracks from September 2010.

The train run by Rajasthan Tourism DevelopmentCorporation in collaboration with Indian Railways willconnect Varanasi, Rajasthan and Khajuraho with othertourist destinations of the country.

The cost of boarding the train will be $ 590 per day for oneperson. Accommodation facility of 82 tourists has been madeavailable.

Royal Rajasthan on Wheels is an upgraded version ofPalace on Wheels luxury train.

An official source said that it would be a seven-daytour starting on the first Sunday of September(Septermber 5).

The train will be flagged off from New Delhi.It would then traverse all the way from Jodhpur,

Udaipur, Chittaur, Sawai Madhopur, Jaipur, Khajuraho,Varanasi, Agra before returning to New Delhi.

The train comprises 14 sleeping saloons, 41 cabins,two restaurant-cum-bars, one kitchen and one spa besideother luxurious facilities.

The cost of boarding this train will be $ 590 per dayfor one person and accommodation facility of eighty twotourists has been made in the train.

In Varanasi, the tourists will be taken on a visit toGanga ghats, Banaras Hindu University, Bharat MataTemple and Sarnath.

PD/July/2010/41 “He is ill clothed that is bare of virtue.”

LAW/CONSTITUTIONAL/JUSTICE

No Ancestral Property for Children fromLive-in Relationship : Court

A child born out of a live-in relationship is notentitled to claim inheritance in Hindu ancestral copa-rcenary property and can only claim a share in theparents’ self-acquired property, if any, the Supreme Courthas held.

Reiterating an earlier ruling, a vacation Bench ofJustice B. S. Chauhan and Swatantra Kumar said : “Inview of the legal fiction contained in section 16 of theHindu Marriage Act, 1955 (legitimacy of children of voidand voidable marriages), the illegitimate children, for allpractical purposes, including succession to the propertiesof their parents, have to be treated as legitimate. Theycannot, however, succeed to the properties of any otherrelation on the basis of this rule, which in its operation islimited to the properties of the parents.”

The Bench set aside a Madras High Court judgementwhich held that children born out of live-in relationshipwere entitled to a share in ancestral property as there waspresumption of marriage in view of the long relationship.

CULTURE

Union Cabinet gives Nod to HimalayanInstitute

The Union Cabinet on May 19, 2010 decided to set upa Central Institute of Himalayan Culture Studies (CIHCS)in Arunachal Pradesh. Proposed to be set up as anautonomous body under the Ministry of Culture, theInstitute will be located at Dahung in West Kamengdistrict and will be built at a cost of Rs. 9 crore. TheInstitute that will fill the vacuum in the field of Buddhismstudies, will also provide moorings to the youth of theregion and foster national integration, a statement issuedby the Ministry said.

“It will inculcate awareness of the ecological balanceand preservation of natural resources. It will teach com-munity art and crafts for self-sufficiency and sustainabledevelopment and preservation of ethnic identity withinthe framework of national integration” the statement said.

PLACES IN THE NEWS

Siru Karumbur VillageFour inscriptions have been discovered at Siru

Karumbur village near Kaveripakkam 20 kilometre fromKancheepuram in Tamil Nadu. Out of these four inscrip-tions two belong to Raja Raja Chola (ruling period 985–1014 A.D.) and two of them belong to earlier Cholaperiod of 10th century A.D.

Tiruindalur VillageTiruindalur Village in Tamil Nadu came into news

when over 85 copper plates and twelve bronze icons werefound in the Kailasanthar temple in Kazhukanni Muttamin Tiruindalur Village in a first-of-its-kind archaeologydiscovery in Tamil Nadu on May 20, 2010.

MangaloreAir India Express Flight IX-812 from Dubai with 160

passengers and crew members on board overshot thetable-top runaway on May 22, 2010 in Mangaloreplunging over a cliff into a wooded valley where it burstinto flames. One hundred and fifty-eight people werekilled in the crash

BOOKS AND AUTHORS

1. Sabdatharapadam (The Milky Way of sound)—By An autobiography of Resul Pookutty written in

Malayalam2. Losing Control : The Emerging Threats to

Western Prosperity—By Stephen King, Yale University Press

3. Anklets at Sunset —By Ministhy DileepThrough her book the young bureacrat Ms. Dileepwants people to look at the elders a little differently,embrace their spirit, respect them more and enjoytheir companionship.The whole theme of the book is about old people,their ideas, their dreams, their wisdom, which theyoung often forget.

4. Paradise Beneath her Feet : How Women are Trans-forming the Middle East —By Isobel Coleman

5. Orientalism, Empire and National Culture, India1770-1880 —By Michael S. Dodson

6. Women of the Tagore Household—By Chitra Deb; translated into English by Smita

Chowdhry and Sona RoyThe author is at pains to show that despite theirachievements, the women of Tagore family were allgood cooks too. Obviously it is the culinary art andthe management of a kitchen that mark the ultimatefeminine grace, the image of Annapoorna.

7. The Plundered Planet : How to Reconcile Pros-perity with Nature

—By Paul Collier, Oxford University Press8. The Promise : President Obama, Year One

—By Jonathan AlterIn this book the author recounts a series of privateblow-ups, including a particularly fiery one involvingthe nation’s top military brass.

9. The Unspoken Alliance : Israel’s Secret Relation-ship with Apartheid South Africa

—By Shasha Polakow-Suransky

IMPORTANT DAYS

National DaysJuly 1 Doctor’s Day

International DaysJuly 6 World Zoonoses DayJuly 7 International Day of CooperativesJuly 11 World Population Day P.Darpan

PD/July/2010/42 “He that can have patience can have what he will.”

FOOTBALL

Barcelona Clinches La LigaChampionship

Barcelona clinched the SpanishLa Liga football title on the May 16,2010 in Barcelona. They registered 4-0win over Valladolid to finish abovearch rival Real Madrid. Barcelonabeat Valladolid 4-0 while Real Madridwere held to a 1-1 draw at Malaga. Arecord of 99 points saw Barcelonacrowned League Champions ahead ofReal Madrid. Lionel Messi won theEuropean Golden Shoe award afterscoring twice against Valladolid tofinish the season with 34 goals. Thestriker had amassed 68 points, 10more than closest rivals DidierDrogba (Chelsea) and Antonio DiNatale (Udinese) who scored 29 each.

Inter Milan Wins ChampionsLeague Final

Inter Milan registered 0-2 victoryover Bayern Munich in the Cham-pions League final (of football) inMadrid on May 22, 2010.

Inter Milan captain Javier Zanetti liftsthe UEFA Champions League trophy inMadrid on May 22, 2010

It was Inter Milan Diego Milito’stwo brilliant goals and the sub-plotssurrounding the game that broughtvictory to Inter Milan—the Italianteam. It may be added here that InterMilan have become European Cham-

pions for the third time, after a waitof 45 years since their second title in1965. Inter Milan have also becomethe first Italian side to clinch thetreble after winning the Series A andcup double earlier in the same month.

Chelsea Wins English PremierLeague

Chelsea beat Wigan 8-0 to claimthe English Premier League footballtitle on May 9, 2010 in London. It wasDidier Drogba’s hat trick whichhelped Chelsea to clinch a victory.

HOCKEY

India and Korea are JointWinners of Azlan ShahHockey Tournament

India and S. Korea were declaredjoint winners in the Sultan Azlan

India captain Rajpal Singh and ArjunHalappa and Korea’s Kim Yong-bae(second from right) and Ro Jong-hwanwith the trophy after the teams weredeclared joint winners.

Shah Hockey Tournament on May 16,2010 in Ipoh. Heavy rain forced thetournament committee to abandonthe cup final and declare the bothteams as the joint winners of thetournament. This is the first time thatthe teams were declared joint winnersin this tournament. Australia defeatedMalaysia to corner the bronze medalin the competition.

CRICKET

Australia Wins Women’sTwenty-20 Championship

Australia emerged as the ICCWorld Women’s Twenty-20 Champion

Australia captain Alex Blackwell holdsthe trophy as the team celebrate their winover New Zealand in the World T-20final on May 16, 2010

after defeating New Zealand by threeruns in Bridgetown (Barbados) onMay 16, 2010. It was Australia’smedium-pacer Ellyse Perry who tookthree wickets for 18 and made thevictory easy. After opting for battingAustralia made 106 runs for eight in20 overs which was a modest targetfor New Zealand. Australia restrictedNew Zealand to 103 for six.

England Champion of ICCWorld Twenty-20 Cup

England beat Australia by sevenwickets to win its first title in the

The victorious England squad afterdefeating Australia in the final of theICC World Twenty 20

World Twenty 20 cup in Bridgetown,Barbados on May 16, 2010. Chasing

PD/July/2010/43/4 “He that falls in love with himself will have no rivals.”

ICC World Twenty-20 Cup : Records At a Glance

WT20 in Numbers7413 is the total number of runs scored in the tournament.346 is the total number of wickets to fall in the tournament.1137 is the maximum runs aggregated by Australia, the maximum in the tournament.278 is the record no of sixes smashed in the tournament at an avg. of 10·29 sixes permatch.12 is the number of sixes hit by Cameron White. Jayawardene, Kieswetter andWatson hit 11 each.

Highest Team Total Leading Wicket Takers

1. Sri Lanka 260 Vs. Kenya 1. Sahid Afridi (Pakistan) 27 (20 Matches)

2. India 218 Vs. England 2. Umar Gul (Pakistan) 26 (14 Matches)

3. South Africa 211 Vs. Scotland 3. Lasith Malinga (Sri Lanka) 25 (18 Matches)4. South Africa

208 Vs. West Indies4. Saeed Ajmal (Pakistan) 23 (13 Matches)

5. West Indies205 Vs. South Africa

5. Michell Johnson (Australia) 20 (14 Matches)

Leading Run Scores Best Batting Strike Rate

1. Mahela Jayawardene(Sri Lanka) 615 (18 Matches)

1. Craig McMillan (New Zealand)181·11 (6 Matches)

2. Kevin Pietersen (England)580 (15 Matches)

2. Mitchell Johnson (Australia)180·64 (14 Matches)

3. Tilakaratne Dilshan(Sri Lanka) 453 (18 Matches)

3. Zunaed Siddique (Bangladesh)164·47 (3 Matches)

4. Gautam Gambhir (India)444 (16 Matches)

4. Aaron Redmond (New Zealand)162·5 (4 Matches)

5. Chris Gayle (West Indies)442 (11 Matches)

5. Yasir Arafat (Pakistan) 160 (4 Matches)

Highest Individual Score

1. Chris Gayle (West Indies) 117 Vs. South Africa

2. Suresh Raina (India) 101 Vs. South Africa

3. Mahela Jayawardene (Sri Lanka) 100 Vs. Zimbabwe

4. Mahela Jayawardene (Sri Lanka) 98* Vs. West Indies

5. Chris Gayle (West Indies) 98 Vs. India

148, England outclassed Australiawith three overs to spare to emergevictorious in the ICC World Twenty20. Opener Craig Kieswetter whocontributed 63 off 49 was declared‘Man of the Match’. Craig Kieswetterand Kevin Pietersen starred with 111runs partnership for the secondwicket. Kevin Pietersen of Englandwas declared Player of the Tourna-ment for his brilliant performance.

South Zone Claims J. K. BoseTrophy

South Zone won the enter-zonalJ. K. Bose Twenty-20 cricket tourna-ment after winning its third matchin Panaji on May 9, 2010. AbhijitBhaskar was declared the Man of theMatch. South Zone beat North Zoneto clinch the trophy after 12 years. Itmay also be added here that SouthZone’s Satish Viswanathan wasdeclared the Player of the Tourna-ment.

TENNIS

Rafael Nadal Claims RomeMasters Trophy

Spain’s Rafael Nadal won fifthRome Masters title in six years in

Rafael Nadal with the trophy

Rome on May 2, 2010. He defeatedcompatriot and 13th seeded DavidFerrer 7-5, 6-2. With this victoryNadal equalled American legendAndre Agassi’s record of 17 Masterstitle. This victory also took his overallrecord on clay to 191 to just 17defeats. It is Nadal who won theMonte Carlo Masters six years in arow. He also won Rome Masters titlefive times in six years and clinchedBarcelona five years in row.

PD/July/2010/44 “He that is good for making excuses is seldom good for anything else.”

Nadal Wins the MadridMasters

Rafael Nadal defeated RogerFederer 6-4, 7-6 (5) to clinch theMadrid Masters on May 16, 2010 inMadrid. It was Nadal’s 18th careerMasters 1000 title—one more thanAndre Agassi and two more thanRoger Federer. By defeating Federer,Nadal took the revenge of last year’sdefeat in last year’s final at the handsof Nadal.

Rezai Takes Madrid Masters

Francis Avane Rezai defeatedVenus Williams of USA 6-2, 7-5 toclaim the Madrid Masters title. Rezairanked 24th denied Venus the tenthclay honour of her career. Rezai tookthe victory in just under one andthree quarters by rallying from 4-1down in the second set after winningthe first.

Somdev Devvarman Quali-fies for French Open

Somdev Devvarman became thefirst Indian in 13 years to qualify for

Somdev Devvarman

the men’s singles event of the FrenchOpen. He became eligible for theevent after scoring 6-4, 6-1 victoryover Adrian Manarino in Paris onMay 21, 2010. It is for the second timethat Devvarman has qualified for themen’s singles of a Grand Slamtournament. He first played at the USlast year where he had reached thesecond round. It may be recalled herethat Leander Paes was the last Indianto play in the men’s singles event ofthe French Open in 1997 when hereached the second round of the ClayCourt Grand Slam.

Sharapova Claims TitleRussia’s top seed Maria

Sharapova defeated Germany’sKristina Barrois 7-5, 6-1 in the final ofthe Strasbourg Open to claim hersecond title of 2010 as she had won atMemphis earlier this year.

Alexandra Dulgheru Trium-phs

Romania’s Alexandra Dulgherudefended her WTA Warsaw Opentitle after defeating China’s fifth seedZheng Jie 6-3, 6-4 in the final inWarsaw on May 21, 2010.

Richard Gasquet ClinchesNice Open

Richard Gasquet won the singlestitle of Nice Open Tennis Champion-ship after beating Fernando Verdasco6-3, 5-7, 7-6 (5) on May 21, 2010 inNice. In doubles, Brazil’s MarceloMelo and Bruno Soares beat RohanBopanna and Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi1-6, 6-3, 10-5 in the doubles final ofthe Nice Open Tennis Championshipto clinch the doubles title.

Argentina is World Team CupChampion

Argentina beat USA in the WorldTeam Cup at Dusseldorf in May 2010.Juan Monaco picked up the SouthAmerican’s first point in the singlesafter beating Sam Querrey 1-6, 6-2,6-3 before Horacio Zeballos won thetrophy with a 6-4, 6-7 (7) 7-5 victoryover Robby Ginepri.

Henin Takes TitleFormer World No. Justine Henin

won the Stuttgart WTA tournamenton May 2, 2010 in Rome. She defeatedAustralia’s Samantha Stosur 6-4, 2-6,6-1 in the final to clinch the title. Itmay be noted here that it was her firsttitle in third final since she came outof retirement.

Mantinez-Sanchez ClaimsRome Open

Maria Martinez-Sanchez upsetseventh seeded Jelena Jankovic 7-6(5), 7-5 to claim the WTA Rome Openon May 8, 2010 in Rome. This victorywas the biggest of Martinez-Sanchez’scareer and was her third tournamenttitle.

CHESS

Viswanathan Anand RetainsWorld Title

Viswanathan Anand retained hisWorld Chess Championship title in

Viswanathan Anand beat VeselinTopalov in the 12th game win the Worldtitle in Sofia on May 11, 2010

the twelfth and final game in Sofia onMay 11, 2010. Anand won the match6·5-5·5 after breaking the deadlock.Anand lost the first game of thematch but fought back and won twogames. After losing one more gamehe launched the decisive attack andsucceeded in clinching the title.Anand’s victory fetched him € 1·2million and the world title. It may benoted here that the World Champion-ship title will remain with India foranother two years.

Pavel Maletin Emerges Com-monwealth Champion

Russia’s Pavel Maletin clinchedthe Commonwealth Chess Cham-pionship following a 31 move draw

From left : Pavel Maletin, D. Harika andR. R. Laxman.

against M. R. Lalith Babu in NewDelhi on May 18, 2010. ThoughMaletin and Laxman tied for the titleon nine points after 11 rounds.Maletin’s superior tie break scoremade him champion. India’s R. R.Laxman got the gold medal in thechampionship. R. R. Laxman beatArgentinian Pablo Lafuente withblack pieces to become the best

PD/July/2010/45 “He that lives upon hope will die fasting.”

Indian player. The women’s title wasbagged by D. Harika who toppedthree way tie at 7·5 points withroom mate Tania Sachdev and S.Meenakshi.

Aravindh Bags National TitleAravindh Chithambaram who is

sixth standard school student from

Priyamvada (left) and Aravindh posewith their trophies.

Madurai drew with Harshal Shahi ofDelhi in the final round to clinch theboy’s title in the RMK ResidentialSchool National Under 11 chesschampionship which concluded onMay 6, 2010 in Chennai. Hetul Shahfinished runner-up while HarshalShah was third.

Priamvada drew with Bengal’sChandreyee to finish on 10 pointsand thus emerged triumphant in thechampionship with a round to spare.

`GOLF

Chikkarangappa Claims AsiaPacific Championship

Chikkarangappa on May 16,2010, registered a six stroke victoryand thus emerged triumphant in theHP Asia Pacific Junior Golf Cham-pionship in Bangalore. Chikkaran-gappa totalled 16 under 272 inclusiveof a final round of 4 under 68 andstayed ahead of Teng Kao of ChineseTaipei and Thailand’s Poom Saksaninwho got third position.

GRANDPRIX

Webber Achieves Victory inSpanish Grand Prix

Australia’s Mark Webber emer-ged triumphant in the Spanish Grand

Prix on May 9, 2010 in Barcelona forRed Bull. It was his first victory of theseason and third victory of his career.Fernand Alonso of Ferrari finishedsecond in the race.

Mark Webber Wins MonacoGrand Prix

Mark Webber won the MonacoGrand Prix in Monaco on May 16,2010. He led Sebastian Vettel in a RedBull 1-2 finish. Webber became thefirst Australian to win back to backraces in 20 years after he captured the

Red Bull driver Mark Webber withtrophy after winning the Monaco F1Grand Prix

Spanish Grand Prix in May 2010. Itmay be noted that Sebastian Vetteland Mark Webber have 78 points tolead the overall driver’s champion-ship but Webber is on top because hehas won more races.

Lewis Hamilton Winner ofTurkish Grand Prix

Lewis Hamilton clinched TurkishGrand Prix his first victory of the

Lewis Hamilton with Turkish Grand PrixTrophy

season and the 12th of his career onMay 30, 2010 in Istanbul. He led McLaren teammate fellow Briton anddefending champion Jenson Buttonhome in a dramatic one-two McLaren to emerge victorious in therace. It may be noted here that Lewis

Hamilton was 2008 World Championand it was his first win since lastyear’s Singapore Grand Prix.

BADMINTON

China Clinches Thomas CupChina pounded Indonesia 3-0 to

emerge champion and win a fourthconsecutive Thomas Cup title. OnMay 16, 2010, in Kuala Lumpur. Withthis victory China again underlinedits dominance of World Badminton.China’s Lin Dan gave a brilliantperformance by beating Indonesia’sTaufik Hidayat 21-7, 21-14 and madeChina victorious in the competition.

South Korea Bags Uber CupTitle

South Korea’s women shuttlersclinched their first ever Uber Cupteam title on May 15, 2010 in KualaLumpur. It was the first time thatSouth Korea won their six clasheswith China in the finals of thewomen’s badminton team cham-pionship. South Korea reached thefinals five times before and werebeaten in all five by China and thistime it succeded in clinching thevictory. Bae Seung Hee gained amorale boosting opening point forSouth Korea when he beat China’sWorld number 1 Wang Yihan instraight sets 23-21, 21-11 in the firstsingles match before Lee Hyo Jungand Kim Min Jung lifted the team to a2-0 lead with tough win against MaJin and Wang Xiaoli. So how it wasthat South Korean team emergedwinner and created history.

Indian Open ChampionshipLogo Unveiled

The logo of the $ 120,000 YonexSunrise Indian Open 2010, a World

Hemant K. Sinha (second from left),President TNBA and others unveilingthe Indian Open logo.

PD/July/2010/46 “He that would live in peace and at ease, must not speak all he knows nor judge all he sees.”

Badminton Grand Prix Gold eventwhich is scheduled from June 8 to 13was launched on May 21, 2010 by theTNBA President Hemant K. Sinha.

BILLIARDS/SNOOKER

Neil Robertson Bags WorldSnooker Title

Australia’s Neil Robertson wonthe Snooker World Championship in

Neil Robertson of Australia with Trophy

Sheffield on May 4, 2010. He clinchedthe title after beating Scotland’sGraeme Dott 18-13 in the final. Hebecame the first man from outsideBritain and Ireland to win the titlesince Canada’s Cliff Thorburnemerged victorious in 1980. Havingwon the match, Robertson completeda break of 53 to take the final frame94-1.

SQUASH

Mohd. Azlan and NicolDavid are Champions

Top seeded Malaysian Mohd.Azlan defended Asian men’s title

Mohd. Azlan and Nicol David withTrophies

(Squash) while in women’s section itwas Nicol David who clinched herseventh successive Asian Women’sCrown (Squash) on May 4, 2010 inChennai. Mohd. Azlan beat Pakistan’sAmir Atlas Khan 11-8, 11-4, 3-0 andNicol David of Malaysia beat RebeccaChiu of Hong Kong 11-6, 11-7, 11-7 toemerge triumphant in the competi-tion.

SPORTS ANDGAMES BRIEFING

Olympic Games 2012 MascotsUnveiled

The mascots for the 2012 LondonOlympics and Paralympics have beenunveiled. The mascots Wenlock hasbeen selected as the Olympic mascot,while Mandeville has been chosen

The London 2012 Olympic Games mascotWenlock (left) and Paralympic mascotMandeville.

as his Paralympic colleague. Themascots are one-eyed creatures andultra modernist. These mascots willadorn everything from toys to mugswhen they are launched for sale.

Mbieshei and Wude areChampions

Titus Mbieshei of Kenya andYimer Wude emerged victorious in

Titus Mbieshei of Kenya who won themen’s title in the Sunfeast World 10Keventthe men’s and women’s Elite 10 K runin the third edition of the SunfeastWorld events in Bangalore on May23, 2010. He finished the race in animpressive time of 00 : 27 : 54 secondsleaving behind Moses Kipsiro of

Uganda while Yimer Wude a trackrunner all her life-eased past lastyear’s champion Aselefech Mergia tostop the clock at 00 : 31 : 58 secondsand thus both emerged champions intheir respective sections.

Vikas Clinches Gold MedalVikas Krishnan (60 kg) won his

second successive international gold

Vikas Krishan (right) and Shiva Thapapose with the medals they won at theWorld youth boxing championship inBaku recently.

after defeating Lithuania’s EvaldasPetrauskas to trumph 4-3 on May 3,2010 in World Youth Boxing Cham-pionship in Baku, Azerbaijan. ShivaThapa (54 kg) was defeated by Cuba’sRubeisy Ramirez Carrazan to settlefor silver. With these two Indiansreaching the final. India can nowhope for a better haul from theLondon Games in 2012. In terms ofmedals India (one Gold and oneSilver) was behind Cuba (three gold,one silver and one bronze) andAzerbaijan (two gold and two silver).

P.Darpan

By : Editorial Board : Pratiyogita Darpan

Code No. 1683 Price : Rs. 125/-

● E-mail : publisher@upkar.in● Website : www.upkar.in

UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA-2

NewRelease

STATESOF

INDIAA Comprehensive Study

with Latest Facts and Data

PD/July/2010/47 “Attitudes are contagious. Are yours worth catching ?”

MEMORABLE POINTSMEMORABLE POINTSNational

● The place where Air India plane recently crashed at ➟ Mangalore

☞ Air India Express Flight IX-812 from Dubai with 160 passengers and crew members on board overshot thetable top runaway at Mangalore airport on May 22, 2010. It plunged over cliff into a wooded valley andcrashed killing 158 persons.

● The UPA government recently generated the big bonanza of Rs. 67,710 crore by the auction of➟ The 3G Mobile Licence Spectrum

☞ The 3G mobile licence spectrum auction concluded on May 19, 2010 generating a huge revenue for UPAgovernment touching somewhere in the region of Rs. 67,710 crore almost twice than what was expected.

● The number of Indians who have figured among the 100 most influential people of the world in recent TimeMagazine issue is ➟ Nine☞ Dr. Manmohan Singh, Sachin Tendulkar, Kiran Mazumdar Shaw, Amartya Sen, Rahul Singh, Chetan Bhagat,

Atul Gawande, Sanjit Bunker Roy and Dr. P. Namperumalsamy are the nine Indians who have figured amongthe 100 most influential persons of the world in the latest Time annual special issue.

● Sarosh Homi Kapadia is ➟ The 38th Chief Justice of India☞ Justice Sarosh Homi Kapadia took over as the 38th Chief Justice of India on May 12, 2010 succeeding Justice

K. G. Balkrishnan who retired on May 11, 2010.● India recently completed ➟ Its Deep-sea mission

☞ A remote-operated vehicle (ROV) developed by the National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) Chennaihas successfully completed its deep sea mission at a depth of 5,289 metres. The ROV was released at a distanceof 2,500 km away from the southern tip of the coastline of Indian Ocean in April 2010 to map the seabed andidentify resources and living organisms.

● Indian boxer who recently grabbed gold medal at World Youth Championship is ➟ Vikas Krishnan☞ Vikas Krishnan won gold medal in 60 kg category for India after defeating Lithuania’s Evaldas Petrauskas to

emerge victorious in World Youth Boxing Championship in Baku (Azerbaijan) recently.● The new BARC director is ➟ Ratan Kumar Sinha

☞ Ratan Kumar Sinha has been appointed as the new director of the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC).He was associated with the design and development of the country’s first thorium based Advanced HeavyWater Reactor earlier.

● India recently test-fired ➟ Agni II missile☞ On May 17, 2010, India successfully test-fired surface-to-surface ballistic missile from the Wheeler island off

the Orissa Coast.● Stone inscription with Indus signs have recently been found in ➟ Gujarat

☞ An inscription on stone, with three big indus signs and possibly a fourth has been found on the Harappan siteof Dholavira in Gujarat recently in excavations.

● During 1994-2007 Green House Gas emissions in India fell by ➟ 30 per cent☞ India has released its first green house gas emissions inventory since 1994—showing a 30 per cent fall in the

emissions intensity of all GHG from that year till 2007.● Four Chola inscriptions have been discovered at ➟ Siru Karumbur Village

☞ Four inscriptions—two of Raja Raja Chola (years 985–1014 A.D.) and two of the earlier Chola period of 10thcentury A.D. have been discovered at Siru Karumbur village near Kaveripakkam 20 km away fromKanchipuram on the initiative of Sri Vijayendra Saraswati of the Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham.

● The woman athlete who set a new record in recently held National Open athletic meet is ➟ Kavita Raut☞ Kavita Raut (Maharashtra) set a new record in the women’s 10,000 m event on the fourth and final day of the

50th National Open athletic meet in Kochi on May 18, 2010.● The youngest Indian to scale Mount Everest is ➟ Arjun Bajpayee

☞ Arjun Bajpyee—a 16 year old schoolboy from Noida on May 22, 2010 became the youngest Indian to scale Mt.Everest. He equalled the record of a Nepalese boy Shepa Temba Tsheri, Arjun climbed the peak via traditionalSouth Col route in Nepal. Along with Arjun, another Indian woman also reached the summit four hours afterthe young man.

PD/July/2010/48 “Wherever you go, no matter what the weather, always bring your own sunshine.”

International

● The astronomer who was recently reburied is ➟ Copernicus

☞ Nicolaus Copernicus—the 16th century astronomer whose findings were condemned by the Roman CatholicChurch as heretical on May 22, 2010 was reburied in Poland. He propounded the heliocentric theory.

● Iran’s first nuclear plant is being built at ➟ Bushehr

☞ Iran’s first nuclear plant which Russia is building in Bushehr is expected to start by August 2010. The informa-tion was given by Russia’s atomic energy chief Sergei Kiriyenko on May 20, 2010 in Moscow.

● The names of 2012 Olympics Mascots are ➟ Wenlock and Mandeville

☞ Wenlock and Mandeville—two ultra modern one-eyed creatures were unveiled as the mascots for the 2012London Olympics and Paralympics recently. They will adorn everything from toys to mugs when they go onsale.

● The first European country to ban burqa is ➟ Belgium

☞ Belgium became the first European country to ban the burqa in public places after its Lower House inParliament on last week of April banned it.

● The winner of World Snooker Championship is ➟ Neil Robertson

☞ Australia’s Neil Robertson won the World Snooker title in Sheffield on May 4, 2010 after beating Scotlands’Graeme Dott 18–13 in the final.

● The winner of Spanish Grand Prix is ➟ Mark Webber

☞ Mark Webber won the Spanish Grand Prix on May 9, 2010 in Barcelona for Red Bull. It was the third title ofhis career. Fernando Alonso finished second in the race.

● Goodluck Jonathan is the newly appointed President of ➟ Nigeria

☞ Goodluck Jonathan (52) was sworn in as the new President of Nigeria—the oil rich African nation on May 6,2010 after the death of incumbent Umaru Yar Adua.

● Pakistan recently tested nuclear-capable ballistic missiles ➟ Hatf III and Shaheen I

☞ Pakistan on May 8, 2010 successfully tested two surface-to-surface missiles—capable of carrying both nuclearand conventional warheads. The missiles tested were—The Short Range Ballistic Missile Hatf III (Ghaznavi)and Medium Range Ballistic Missile Hatf (IV) or (Shaheen I).

● English Premier League (Football) title has been bagged by ➟ Chelsea

☞ Chelsea defeated Wigan to clinch the English Premier League football title on May 9, 2010 in London.

● Asian Squash Championship has been won by ➟ Mohd Azlan

☞ Mohd Azlan—top seeded Malaysian defeated Pakistan’s Aamir Atlas Khan to clinch Asian Men’s SquashChampionship.

● Raorchestes resplendens are the newly discovered species of ➟ Frog

☞ Scientists have discovered a new bright reddish orange-coloured frog with multiple glands and extremelyshort limbs from the highest mountains of the Western ghats. The frog has been assigned the nameRaorchestes resplendens.

● The first woman to score a century in Twenty-20 World Cup (Cricket) is ➟ Deandra Dottin

☞ West Indies Deandra Dottin became the first woman to score a century in a Twenty-20 International on May 5,2010 against South Africa in St. Kitts.

● The space shuttle which recently began its last mission to the International Space Station is ➟ Atlantis

☞ Space Shuttle lifted from the Kennedy Space Centre on May 14, 2010 from the Kennedy Space Centre on itslast scheduled mission to the International Space Station, signalling the beginning of the end of the threedecade American programme.

● The Australian girl who sailed solo around the World is ➟ Jessica Watson

☞ Australian schoolgirl sailor Jessica Watson (16) on May 15, 2010 became the youngest person to circum-navigate the globe solo, non stop and without any help. She crossed the finish line at the entrance to SydneyHarbour after 210 days at sea—one month ahead of schedule.

● The winner of Turkish Grand Prix is ➟ Lewis Hamilton

☞ Lewis Hamilton of Mc Loren recently won Turkish Grand Prix in Istanbul on May 30, 2010 ahead of JensonButton. P.Darpan

PD/July/2010/49 “If you don’t get everything you want, think of the things you don’t get that you don’t want.”

Ambani Brothers CancelNon-Compete Agreement

Ambani brothers have taken abig step towards reconciliation oftheir ongoing disputes and havecome forward with new agreementformula. As per the declaration madeby Mukesh Ambani-led RelianceIndustries and Anil Ambani-ledReliance ADAG Group, the twogroups have cancelled all non-compete agreements signed in 2006.The cancellation of existing non-compete agreement will now provideenhanced operational and financialflexibility to both groups and greaterability to participate in high growthsectors such as oil and gas, petro-chemical, telecom, power andfinancial services. It is important torecall that according to the settlementreached between the two brothers in2006, Mukesh Ambani got RelianceIndustries which has interests in oiland gas exploration, petro-chemicals,infrastructure and textiles while AnilAmbani got the telecom, power andfinancial services businesses. Nowafter the cancellation of non-competeagreement, both groups find nohurdle in expanding their empire inany field and come forward withcompetition activities in the market.Despite of the cancellation of non-compete agreement, as a goodwillgesture, Mukesh’s RIL has decidednot to enter gas-based power genera-tion arena till 2022.

Both the groups have also exten-ded the hope to reach a conclusionsoon in the gas supply agreementbetween RIL and Reliance NaturalResource Ltd. (RNRL), that was themain dispute between the two.

As per the declaration made bythe both groups, the new scenario

will create an overall environment ofharmony, cooperation and collabora-tion between the two groups, therebyfurther enhancing overall share-holder value for shareholders of bothgroups.

Indian Exports Estimatedat $ 176.6 billion in

2009-10

On May 6, 2010 the Ministry ofCommerce released the provisionalfigures of foreign trade data for theyear 2009-10, according to which bothmerchandise exports and importsregistered a decline as compared tothe previous year. Exports and

Foreign Trade Figures : At aGlance

(in billion dollars)

2008-09 2009-10%

Decline

Export 185·3 176·6 – 4·7%

Import 303·7 278·7 – 8·2%

TradeDeficit

118·4 102·1 —

imports during 2009-10 show 4·7%and 8·2% decline respectively ascompared to the figures of the year2008-09.

Due to the global slowdown, thecountry’s exports kept contracting for13 months in a row since October2008 and the dip was the worst at 39per cent in May 2009. However,exports growth entered into positiveterritory in November 2009 due togovernment’s stimulus packages.Despite the positive growth ofexports during the last five months(i.e., November-March) of 2009-10,the total merchandise exports couldnot reach previous year’s level of$ 185·3 billion and stood at only$ 176·6 billion. The provisional statis-tics of the foreign trade for 2009-10puts exports and imports figures at $176·6 billion and $ 278·7 billion res-pectively against $ 185·3 billion and $303·7 billion respectively of the year2008-09. The trade deficit which was$ 118·4 billion in 2008-09 became$ 102·1 billion in 2009-10.

PD/July/2010/50 “Life is a shipwreck but we must not forget to sing in the lifeboats.”

Merchandise a Exports Show Decline in 2009-10 after 7 YearsFor the first time in last seven years, India’s exports declined 4·7 per cent in

2009-10 despite a recovery witnessed since November 2009. Though in March 2010,exports grew a whopping 54·4%, exports during 2009-10 could reach only $ 176·6billion level which remained lower than $ 185·3 billion in 2008-09.

Sectors like engineering goods, handicraft, leather, cotton yarn, readymadegarments, carpets and oilmeal continue to take a beating. Growth has been seen inmarine products, tea, iron ore, tobacco, plastics, fruits and vegetables.

It may be recalled that during the first seven months of last fiscal, exportscontinued to fall due to the slump in traditional markets of US, Europe and Japan. Itturned positive from November 2009 due to a slew of measures announced by thegovernment as part of the stimulus package, ranging from interest subvention onexport credit, incentives for market expansion to easy lending rates.

For the current year 2009-10, the government has set a target for merchandiseexports at $ 200 billion. For assessing the effectiveness of the measures announced inthe Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14, declared in August 2009, the government hasdecided to undertake a sectoral review in July 2010 and depending on the results ofthe assessment, minor alterations may take place in the policy.

Foodgrains Production in2009-10 Registers a Fall :Agriculture Ministry’s 3rd

Advance Estimates

Ministry of Agriculture on May12, 2010 released foodgrains thirdadvance estimates for the year 2009-10 which stands at 218·19 milliontonne. In its third advance estimatesthe Ministry places rice production at89·31 million tonne while it was 87·56million tonne in the second advanceestimates released on February 12,2010. Wheat production has been

estimated at 80·98 million tonne,showing a record level and above thetarget level of 79·0 million tonne.Coarse cereals production estimatehas been reduced to 33·13 million

Foodgrain Production 2009-10Targets Vs. Advance Estimates

Crop Target 2nd* Advance Estimates 3rd Advance Estimates

Rice 100·50 87·56 89·31

Wheat 79·00 80·28 80·98

Coarse cereals 43·10 34·27 33·13

Pulses 16·15 14·74 14·77

Total Foodgrains 239·10 216·85 218·19

* Released on February 12, 2010

tonne in 3rd advance estimates from34·27 million tonne level of 2ndestimates for the year 2009-10. Pulsesproduction estimates have been keptat 14·77 million tonne which is lessthan the target level of 16·15 milliontonne for the year 2009-10.

‘Maharatna’ Tag Awardingto 4 PSUs in Pipeline

As per the information revealedby the government in the Parliamentthe process of granting ‘Maharatna’status to four state-run public sectorenterprises. These four PSUs are—ONGC, SAIL, NTPC and IOC. Theproposals of granting ‘Maharatna’ taghave been recommended by Inter-Ministerial Committee and theseproposals are now being consideredby the Apex Committee. The ApexCommittee’s recommendations willbe placed before the Heavy Industriesand Public Enterprises Minister for adecision. The Maharatna tag willallow these four PSUs to take invest-ment decisions upto Rs. 5000 croreindependent of the govern-ment.

According to the guidelines, theboard of a Maharatna CPSE has thepower to make equity investmentsfor establishing financial joint ventu-res and wholly-owned subsidiaries,besides undertaking mergers andacquisitions in India or abroad,subject to a ceiling of 15 per cent of itsnet worth. The investment ceiling islimited to Rs. 5000 crore per project.

It is worthnoting that four PSUs,being considered for ‘Maharatna’ tagfulfil all the criteria, comprising athree-year track record of annual netprofits of over Rs. 5000 crore, networth of more than Rs. 15000 croreand turn over of more than Rs. 25000crore.

PD/July/2010/51 “I had the blues because I had no shoes until upon the street, I met a man who had no feet.”

Industrial Output Continues to Register Double-Digit Growth

Growth in industrial outputmaintained double digit level of 13·5per cent in March 2010 mainly due togrowth in manufacturing of consu-mer durables. Though the industrialgrowth showed a marginal decelera-tion on a month-on-month basis, in-dustrial growth remained in double-digit zone showing robust growthdespite monetary tightening and rollback of stimulus measures

Industrial output had beenshowing double digit growth sinceOctober 2009. It grew 15·07 per centin February 2010 and at 0·3 per centin March 2009. The average rate ofgrowth of industrial output, asmeasured by the Index of IndustrialProduction (IIP), stood at 10·4 percent for the financial year 2009-10 asagainst 2·8 per cent in 2008-09.

Manufacturing, which constitutesaround 80 per cent of IIP, continuedto lead and registered a growth of14·3 per cent in March 2010 as againsta negative growth of 0·3 per cent inthe corresponding period in 2009.Electricity and mining output grew ata rate of 11 per cent and 7·7 per centduring March 2010, respectively, ascompared with 1·9 per cent and 6·3per cent last year.

In the use based category, basicgoods grew at a rate 10·6 per cent,while capital goods and intermediategoods grew at 27·4 per cent and 12·7per cent, respectively, during March2010.

Industrial Growth Scenario(in %)

Month 2008-09 2009-10

January 2010 1·0 16·7February 2010 0·2 15·1March 2010 0·3 13·5

Positive Trajectory ofIndustrial Growth

Year Growth (%)

2007-08 8·5

2008-09 2·8

2009-10 10·4

Consumer goods posted a robustgrowth rate of 10·6 per cent duringMarch 2010. Consumer non-durablesalso maintained its consistent healthydouble digit growth rate at 32 percent as against 8·4 per cent during thecorresponding period in 2009.

Kaiser and Caldwell Acquire Stake in BSE

Toronto-based investment brokerThomas Caldwell and philanthropistGeorge Kaiser have acquired sharesin Asia’s oldest Bombay StockExchange (BSE). Over the past fewmonths Kaiser has acquired over 3%in BSE while Caldwell has increasedhis shareholding from 3·8% last yearto 4·25% through multiple privatedeals.

Kaiser is the majority share-holder of a largely successful Bank ofOklahoma and GBK Corporation,parent of Kaiser-Francis Oil Company(an independent oil and gas ex-ploration and production company)and founder of Excelerate Energy.

Top 10 Share Holders inBSE

Name Holding (in%)

Deutsche Bourse 4·94Singapore StockExchange

4·94

LIC 4·86SBI 4·86Caldwell 4·25Actius 3·89Dubai Financial 3·89Acacia Bannian 3·89Argonaut 3·00Bajaj 2·91MFPL 1·16

Caldwell is recognised as one ofthe world’s foremost investors insecurities exchanges and his clientshave holdings in Hong Kong, Johan-nesburg, London, Osaka, Toronto, theChicago Board Options Exchange andthe International Stock Exchange.

Along with US hedge fundlegend George Soros and privateequity firm JC Flowers, Caldwell andKaiser were in the race to buy DubaiFinancial Group LIC’s four per centstake in BSE. Kaiser, through hisprivate equity firm, Argonaut, wasthe highest bidder and had offered to

pay Rs. 370 a share. Earlier, DubaiFinancial Group was having to sell itsstake in BSE, but looking at the rush,embattled Dubai Financial deferredits stake sale plans in anticipation ofhigher valuations in the future.

The rush for BSE stake is inanticipation of improved perfor-mance and further gains in thecoming months.

Bank of Rajasthan to get Merged with ICICI Bank

Bank of Rajasthan has decided tomerge with ICICI Bank, the country’slargest private sector bank. Bank ofRajasthan Board has approved themerger in-principle.

The move comes in the wake ofregulatory pressure mounted on theTayals, who according to theSecurities and Exchange Board ofIndia (SEBI) hold nearly 55 per centstake in the bank. According to stockexchange data, at the end of 2009, thepromoters held a 28·6 per cent stakein the bank.

The Bank of Rajasthan has amarket capitalisation of Rs. 1,471crore and a free float of Rs. 1·103crore on the day it decided to mergewith ICICI Bank. It reported a net lossof Rs. 44·7 crore for the quarter endedDecember 2009, on revenues of Rs.344·83 crore. In comparison, ICICIBank has a market capitalisation ofRs. 99,125 crore on the same day.

In terms of assets, ICICI Bank isaround 25 times as large as Bank ofRajasthan. In terms of branchnetwork, Bank of Rajasthan with 500branches is around one-fourth ofICICI Bank’s network. As per opinionof the analysts, this takeover wouldaid ICICI Bank in expanding itsfootprint further, which is in line withits branch-focused strategy. As mostof Bank of Rajasthan branches areconcentrated in northern India, ICICIBank would gain deeper access inthese markets.

On May 23, 2010 the Boards ofICICI Bank and Bank of Rajasthanapproved the share exchange for-mula. ICICI Bank-Bank of Rajasthanshare swap ratio is fixed at 1 : 4·72i.e., Bank of Rajasthan share holderswill gain one share of ICICI Bank ofevery 4·72 shares held by them.

PD/July/2010/52 “If you don’t think every day is a good day, just try missing one.”

Oil India Ltd. Becomes 20th Navratna PSU

In its latest attempt in April 2010,the Union Government has granted‘Navaratna’ status to one more publicsector enterprise which made themember of Navratna PSUs to become20. Oil India Ltd. (OIL) has becomethe 20th member to join the club ofNavratna status having public sectorenterprises.

Like other Navratna PSUs, OilIndia Ltd. will also have the auto-nomy to invest upto Rs. 1000 crorewithout the prior permission of thegovernment.

Navratna Companies Club(Status as on April 30, 2010)

● Bharat Heavy Electrical Ltd. (BHEL)● Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd.

(BPCL)● Hindustan Petroleum Corporation

Ltd. (HPCL)● Indian Oil Ltd. (IOL)● Mahanager Telephone Nigam Ltd.

(MTNL)● Oil and Natural Gas Corporation

(ONGC)● National Thermal Power Corpora-

tion (NTPC)● Steel Authority of India Ltd. (SAIL)● Gas Authority of India Ltd. (GAIL)● Bharat, Electronics Ltd. (BEL)● Hindustan Aeronautical Ltd. (HAL)● Power Finance Corporation (PFC)● National Mineral Development

Corporation (NMDC)● Power Grid Corporation of India

Ltd. (PGCIL)● Rural Electrification Corporation

(REC)● National Aluminium Company

(NALCO)● Shipping Corporation of India (SCI)● Coal IndiaLtd. (CIL)● Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd. (RINL)● Oil India Ltd. (OIL)

It is important to recall that inJuly 1997 the government had laun-ched the scheme to award Navratnastatus to public sector enterprisesshowing better performance. Nav-ratna companies were granted moreautonomy in their working. InitiallyNavratna status was awarded to ninepublic sector enterprises but atpresent (as on April 30, 2010) thismember of Navratna status holdingcompanies has gone to 20.

Cabinet Approves Data Collection Norms for

Unique ID Project

The government has granted anin-principle approval for adopting astandardised approach to collectdemographic and biometric attributesof residents for its ambitious UniqueIdentification (UID) project.

The approval was given at ameeting of the Cabinet Committee onUnique Identification Authority ofIndia (UIDAI) related issues. Thisfinal approval will make it mandatoryfor any data collecting department ororganisation in the country to adoptUIDAI standards.

The standards will cover themethod of collection of demogra-phics—name, age, sex, address andthe guardian’s name and biometricattributes like face, all 10 fingerprintsand an iris scan.

UIDAI chairman NandanNilekani also revealed that it has alsobeen decided to include data of theiris for children in the age group of5-15 years and the same standardsand processes would be adhered toby the Registrar General of India forthe National Population Register(NPR) exercise and all other registrarsin the UID system.

UIDAI Chairman also declaredthat the authority is in final stage ofdrafting the UID Act which will beput for discussions in the publicdomain.

The first set of the 12-digit uniqueset of randomly-generated numbers,or Aadhaars, will be issued betweenAugust 2010 and February 2011. Itwill be for the poor and marginalisedsection of society. A separate drivewould be started to get the nomadicand homeless people into the system.Once this is achieved, 600 millionUID numbers will be issued in thenext five years.

74,000 MW Power Capacity to be Added in

11th Plan

The government has announcedthat the power generation capacityaddition in the 11th Five-Year Plan,

ending 2012, would be about 74,000MW, close to the original target of78,577 MW.

On energy efficiency, officialsources declare to add about 12,000-13,000 MW power generationcapacity over the likely addition of62,000 MW in the current Five-Yearwhich would be at 74,000 MW, nearthe original target of 78,577 MW.

Earlier, in its mid-term review,the Planning Commission had redu-ced power generation capacity addi-tion target by over 20 per cent to62,374 MW for the current Planperiod from the original 78,577 MW.In the mid-term appraisal report, thePlan panel had anticipated that addi-tional power generation capacity of45,234 MW can be commissionedduring the remaining period of the11th Plan, noting that 19,207 MWcapacity was added till December 31,2009.

Considering Prime Minister’sannouncement of ‘power to all’ byMarch 2012, the target of powergeneration was originally put at78,577 MW for the 11th plan whichwas later reduced taking the note ofactual achieved level in 10th plan.During the 10th plan, only 21080 MWcapacity could be added against thetarget of 41,000 MW.

Business Confidence Index Rises 1.5 Points on Economic Recovery

The Confederation of IndianIndustry in its 73rd Business OutlookSurvey reflects a boost in businessconfidence for the April-September2010 period, compared to the past sixmonths. The Business ConfidenceIndex (BCI) rose by 1·5 points for theperiod, compared with a 7·4 pointsincrease during the second half of2009-10.

The CII survey is based on asample of 458 companies. Accordingto the survey, as the developed partof the world is recovering from thecrisis, business prospects for compa-nies in the service sector, especiallyfor those involved in outsourcing, areimproving. The BCI for service sectorstood higher at 68·9, compared withoverall BCI of 67·6.

PD/July/2010/53 “It’s so hard when I have to, and so easy when I want to.”

CII-BCI is constructed as aweighted average of the CurrentSituation Index (CSI) and the Expec-tations Index (EI). CSI has registeredan increase of 5·5 points for theperiod April-September 2010-11, com-pared with the previous six months.Compared to the correspondingperiod last year, CSI surged by 11·4points, suggesting that the economywas reviving swiftly.

Expectation Index (EI) reflectsthe expectation of Indian industrywith regard to the performance ofcompanies, sectors and the economyfor the period April-September 2010-11. While this moderated marginallyby 0·4 points from the second half of2009-10, it improved by a robust 7·7points over the corresponding periodof last year.

CII in its survey pointed out twomain concerns for the Indianeconomy i.e., inflationary conditionsand global economic instability.Besides infrastructural and insti-tutional shortages and high interestrates have been pointed out of checkin improvement rate of the BusinessConfidence Index.

News in a Nutshell

● 2009-10 begins with 36·2%growth in Indian exports—Showing a recovery from globalcrisis Indian export sector gives agood start to the current fiscalyear 2010-11. In April 2010,Indian export sector registered agrowth of 36·2% to touch $ 16·9billion level. In April 2009,exports had shrunk nearly 30 percent to $ 12·4 billion in line witha 9 per cent contraction in globaltrade as a result of a worldwidefinancial crisis.India’s exports contracted for 13straight months starting October2008, before turning positive inNovember 2009.

Barring foodgrain and handi-crafts, all other sectors, such astextiles, gems and jewellery andmarine products, performed wellin April 2010.

Imports too increased in April2010 by 43·3 per cent to $ 27·3billion from $ 19·1 billion a yearago. Trade deficit for April 2010

was $ 10·4 billion, against $ 6·7billion in the period a year ago.Oil imports increased to $ 8·1billion in April 2010 against $ 4·7billion in April last year.

● Industrial park developer’s taxholiday extended—The FinanceMinistry has extended the 10-year tax-holiday to developersand operators of industrial parksby two years till March 31, 2011.This is a move which becameeffective according to the provi-sions contained in the FinanceAct, 2009.The Central Board of DirectTaxes has amended the Indus-trial Park Scheme, 2008, and Rule18C of the Income Tax Rules,1962, to give effect to the exten-sion of the ending date of opera-tion of the scheme because theFinance Act, 2009, had extendedthe ending date of the schemefrom March 31, 2009, to March31, 2011.The Industrial Park Scheme, 2008encourages developers to createinfrastructure facilities for manu-facturing units in these zones.The scheme extends a 100 percent income tax rebate for 10years to any undertaking thatdevelops an industrial parkbetween April 1, 2006, andMarch 31, 2011. Earlier, March31, 2009, was the deadline.

The government has taken thisstep to boost industrial develop-ment in the country.

● India’s gem and jewelleryexports show 16% growth in2009-10—Despite 4·7% fall inmerchandise exports in 2009-10,the exports of gems and jewe-llery registered 16% increaseduring the year. As per thestatistics released by Gems andJewellery Export PromotionCouncil (GJEPC), the exports ofGems and Jewellery during 2009-10 stood at 28·41 billion dollarwhile it was $ 24·49 billion in2008-09. Like the entire exportsector, Gems and Jewellerysector also faced export declinetill October 2009 but sinceNovember 2009, this sectorstarted ensuring positive growth.The gems and jewellery sectorcontinued to maintain India asthe target cutting and polishingcentre of diamonds in the worldboth in terms of quantity andvalue. This sector consists ofthree segments viz. diamonds,gold jewellery and colouredjemstones. The United States isthe largest market accounting forabout 30% of exports from thissector. About 70% of country’sexports of jems and jewellery arepurchased by United States andEU nations.

PD/July/2010/54 “Attitude is a little thing that makes a big difference.”

● Govt. announces sugarcane’sSMP for 2010-11—Governmenton April 23, 2010 has announcedFair and Remunerative Price(FRP) of Sugarcane for the Sugar-cane year 2010-11 (i.e., October2010 to September 2011). On thebasis of recommendations madeby the Commission for Agricul-tural Cost and Prices (CACP).The government has fixed FRP ofsugarcane at Rs. 139·12 per quin-tal. This price will prevail for2010-11 for the sugarcane havingrecovery of 9·5 per cent. FRP ofsugarcane for 2010-11 exceedsRs. 9·28 per quintal as comparedto the Statutory Minimum Pricefixed for the sugarcane year2008-09. For every additionalrecovery of 0·1% Rs. 1·46 perquintal will be added in FRP ofsugarcane.It is worthnoting that till now,the Statutory Minimum Price(SMP) was declared for sugar-cane but with the sugarcane year2010-11, SMP has been replacedby FRP for sugarcane.

● Hindujas acquires Belgian Ban-king Group for €€€€ 1·35 billion—The Hinduja Group has acquiredKBL epb, the private bankingarm of Belgian banking and insu-rance group KBC for € 1·35billion (Rs. 7,918 crore) in an allcash deal. With this acquisition,the Hinduja brothers plan togrow KBL’s private bankingbusiness in India, West Asia andthe rest of Asia.

KBL epb (European PrivateBankers) is one of Europe’slargest onshore private bankinggroups with affiliated local banksat 55 locations across 10 Euro-pean countries including France,Germany and United Kingdom.

At the end of 2009, KBL epb hadassets under management worth€ 47 billion, as sets undercustody worth € 37 billion and,through a 52·7 per cent stake inEFA (European Fund Adminis-tration), assets under administra-tion worth € 103 billion.The closing of transaction is sub-ject to customary regulatoryapprovals and is expected to becompleted in the third quarter of2010.

According to the joint press state-ment issued by KBC and theHinduja Group, the transactioncomprises the sale of KBC’sentire interest in KBL epb andincludes all the private bankingsubsidiaries as well as thecustody and life insurance busi-nesses. The KBL epb brand,management team and opera-tions will be maintained in theirentirety and KBL epb willcontinue to be headquartered inLuxembourg.

● Plan panel to promote ‘Sec-ondary Agriculture’—The Plan-ning Commission is working onan ambitious action plan to boostSecondary Agriculture whichincludes value addition to formproducts in the coming 12th FiveYear Plan.Secondary agriculture encom-passes activities such as extrac-ting medicines from herbs, vita-mins from foodgrains, fibreboards from rice straw, oil fromrice bran etc.This plan panel is headed byPlanning Commission’s memberK. Kasturirangan who extendsthe hope to release draft reporton secondary agriculture in thenext four-five months.Plan panel points out the need totap the potential in the secondaryagriculture which has the pro-jected worth of over Rs. 100000crore. Promoting the secondaryagriculture is expected to pushthe country’s overall farm growthin coming years.

● Apparel exports estimated toshow 10% growth in 2010-11—Apparel export sector hasextended the hope that exportswould expand by 10 per cent in2010-11, even as overseas ship-ments contracted in the last fiscaldue to demand slowdown in theEU and US.Garment exports dipped by 11·4per cent in 2009-10 to $ 9·7billion, from $ 10·95 billion in theyear-ago period. The contractionin March 2010 was 6·7 per cent.Apparel Export PromotionCouncil (AEPC) has appealed tothe government to discouragethe exports of raw material suchas cotton and yarn to help thedomestic industry. Due to large

scale exports of raw material,prices of fabric in the domesticmarket have increased by about40 to 50 per cent over the last sixmonths. China and Bangladeshimported a huge chunk of cottonfrom India between January toMarch 2010.It is also worthnoting that theapparel industry provides em-ployment to about seven millionpeople, of which half areengaged in the export sector.

● Commerce ministry proposes74% FDI in defence sector—TheMinistry of Commerce andIndustry has proposed ForeignDirect Investment (FDI) limit indefence sector to 74 per centfrom the present 26 per cent.According to the Ministrysources, the urgent upgrade ofequipment in the armed forces isessential as bulk of them sufferedobsolescence. The Department ofIndustrial Policy and Promotion(DIPP), while proposing theincrease in FDI limit for defencesector, makes it clear that theincrease in the foreign directinvestment ceiling in defencedoes not mean any commitmenton procuring from companieswhich has set up facilities inIndia.As per official estimates, nearly50% of India’s defence equip-ments are suffering obsolescenceand consequently it is an urgentneed to enhance the deterrentand the operational capabilitiesof the armed forces.

● Mahindra buys Reva Car Com-pany—Mahindra and MahindraLtd. (M & M) buys Reva CarCompany by capturing a littleover 55% stake in Reva ElectricCar Company, the Bangalorebased maker of electric cars. Thispurchase marks M & M’s entryinto the alternative fuels tech-nology space.M & M has picked up themajority stake from Maini familythrough a combination of equitypurchase and fresh capital infu-sion of Rs. 45 crore. Now afterthe acquisition, M & M will hold55·2 per cent stake, the Mainifamily will hold 31 per centand 11 per cent will be held byReva’s co-promoter—Long-bell.

PD/July/2010/55 “My riches consist not in the extent of my possessions, but in the fewness of my wants.”

The balance 2·8 per cent stake isdistributed to the employees ofReva in the form of employeestock options. The authorisedcapital would be Rs. 135 croreand paid up capital is Rs. 20crore in the new entity.The buyout makes the MahindraGroup a strong global player inthe electric vehicle space. Tillnow, Reva is the single largestseller of electric vehicles globally.After the acquisition, RECC willbe renamed Mahindra RevaElectric Car Company Ltd. and itwill function as a subsidiarycompany of the $ 6·3 billionMahindra Group.

● OECD raises global growthforecast—Organisation of Eco-nomic Cooperation and Develop-ment (OECD) in its GlobalEconomic Outlook puts the viewthat the global economy isrecovering faster than expectedfrom recession with Asia leadingthe way but it is at the risk fromhuge debts in developed coun-tries and possible overheating incountries such as China.In a twice-yearly report, theParis-based OECD raised itsforecast for global growth to 4·6per cent in 2010 and 4·5 per centin 2011.In November 2009 it predictedgrowth of 3·4 per cent this yearand 3·7 per cent in 2011, after a0·9 per cent contraction in 2009.

● New inflation series to beintroduced by July 2010—As perofficial declaration, the govern-ment plans to come out with thenew inflation series by July 2010.This new series will have over600 items from the current 435items. Due to the expansion ofitems included in the basket, thenew series is expected to give abetter reflection of price move-ments in the country. The officialsources of the Department ofIndustrial Policy and Promotion,the whole items of the basket inthe new series would be ad-justed, depending on the turn-over of the commodities, forwhich the trial is already on.At present the base year of theexisting wholesale price-basedinflation is 1993-94. The newseries will have 2004-05 as its

base year. The enlarged basket ofitems in the new series will covermost of the items from manu-facturing products categorywhile primary items, includingfoodgrain and milk wouldremain unchanged in the newbasket of items.

● IFC to invest $ 150 million inEXIM Bank—International Fin-ance Corporation (IFC), a WorldBank group arm, is planning toinvest around $ 150 million(around Rs. 660 crore) in Export-Import Bank of India (EXIM).The proposed investment inclu-des $ 75 million (Rs. 337·5 crore)on IFC’s own account. Theremaining $ 75 million will bemobilised from another privatesector commercial bank. Theinvestment involves a long-termloan to EXIM Bank. The proceedsof the IFC loan component willbe used to finance exports toAfrica from private sectorexports clients of EXIM Bank.

● ONGC posts 71% growth inprofit—Oil and Natural GasCorporation (ONGC) posted a 71per cent growth in net profit inthe January-March quarter of2009-10.The company has posted a netprofit of Rs. 3,776·41 crore for thequarter ended March 31, 2010compared to Rs. 2,206·76 crorefor the quarter ended March 31,2009.Total Income increased from Rs.15,113·13 crore for the quarterended March 31, 2009 to Rs.16,471·47 crore for the quarterended March 31, 2010.

The company posted a net profitrise of 4 per cent at Rs. 16,767·55crore for the year endedMarch 31, 2010 compared toRs. 16,126·31 crore for the yearended March 31, 2009.Total income of the company fellfrom Rs. 68,769·29 crore for theyear ended March 31, 2009 to Rs.64,202·44 crore for the yearended March 31, 2010.

● SAIL registers 9·4% profitgrowth in 2009-10—Steel Autho-rity of India (SAIL), the country’ssecond-largest steel producer, hasrecorded a profit of Rs. 2,084·9crore from the fourth quarter of2009-10 up 40 per cent from Rs.1,485·20 crore of the correspond-ing period in the previous finan-cial year. Total income of thecompany rose to Rs. 12,672·69crore in the January-Marchperiod, marginally higher thanthe Rs. 12,519·33 crore in the samequarter of the previous year.For the full financial year 2009-10, the company registered a netprofit of Rs. 6,754·37 crore, up 9·4per cent from Rs. 6,170·40 crorein 2008-09. In volume terms,sales grew seven per cent in2009-10 to 12·11 million tonnes.In the entire year, SAIL produced14·5 million tonnes of hot metal,13·5 million tonnes of crude and12·6 million tonnes of saleablesteel.SAIL, however, saw a drop of sixper cent in its net turnover in2009-10 at Rs. 40,551 crore onaccount of lower sales realisa-tion, especially during the firsthalf of the financial year, fromRs. 43,188 crore in 2008-09. P.Darpan

PD/July/2010/56 “There are exactly as many special occasions in life as we choose to celebrate.”

Last Date (Receipt of Applica-tion Forms)—June 15, 2010.

Total Vacancies—16.Educational Qualifications—

As per the requirements of the post.Selection Procedure—Selection

process consists of written test, groupdiscussion and interview. The testwill be in two parts. Part I will bebased on the relevant technical dis-cipline and Part II will have questionson general aptitude comprisingReasoning, Data Analysis, ComputerAwareness, General Awareness andCurrent Affairs.

How to Apply—As per the for-mat prescribed in Employment NewsMay 15–21, 2010.

See Employment News May15–21, 2010 for more details.

Recruitment in Directorate General

Border Security Force

Last Date (Receipt of Applica-tion Forms)—June 21, 2010.

Total Vacancies—283.Educational Qualifications—

B.Sc. for Inspector/Sub Inspector andMatriculation for Assistant Sub-Inspector (ECG Technician Matricu-lation for Head Constable, (AC PlantTechnician and Steward) SeniorSecondary School Certificate forParamedic and Nurse).

Age Limit—Not exceeding 30years for Inspector, 21 to 30 for StaffNurse, 18 to 25 years for HeadConstable (Steward and Nurse, 20to 25 years for Head Constable(Paramedic male).

Written Examination—WrittenExamination will consist of four partshaving 200 multiple choice questions.Part-I will comprise General Know-ledge and Numerical Aptitude. Part-II will consist of Pharmaceuticals.Part-III will have Human Anatomy,Physiology and Pathology while Part-

IV will be based on questions of BasicNursing and Health Education.

How to Apply—Candidatesshould submit application form andAdmit card in the performa as givenin Employment News May 22-28,2010.

See Employment News May22-28 , 2010 for more details.

High Court of Judicature at Allahabad : Recruit-

ment of Personal Assistants

Last Date (Receipt of Applica-tion Forms)—June 15, 2010.

Total Vacancies—61.Educational Qualifications—

Bachelor’s degree from a recognizeduniversity or qualification equivalentthereto.

Age Limit—21 to 35 years.How to Apply—As per the for-

mat given in Employment News May15–21, 2010.

Selection Procedure—Writtenexam. will comprise elementaryknowledge of General English,Elementary Knowledge of Computer,Translation from shorthand passageinto English (from Sir Issac Pitman’sbook and General Knowledge andCurrent Affairs.

See Employment News May15–21, 2010 for more details.

Recruitment in Purvanchal Gramin Bank

for Various Posts

Last Date (Receipt of Applica-tion Forms)—June 24, 2010.

Total Vacancies—150.Educational Qualifications—

Degree of a recognized university inany discipline or its equivalent.

Age Limit—18 to 26 years.Selection Procedure—The selec-

tion will be made on the basis ofperformance in written test andinterview. The written test will consistof Reasoning Ability, QuantitativeAptitude, General Awareness andEnglish Language.

How to Apply—All eligible can-didates should apply on-line throughthe link provided to website www.pgbgorakhpurpur.com in the prescri-bed format given at the website.

Log onto www.pgbgorakhpur.com for more details.

Recruitment in U.P. Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Limited for Assistants

Engineer (Trainee)

Last Date (Receipt of Applica-tion Forms)—June 26, 2010.

Total Vacancies—642.Educational Qualifications—

Four years Bachelors degree in Engi-neering and qualification for otherposts as per the requirement of posts.

Age Limit—18 years to 35 yearsfor Junior Engineers and for others asper the requirement of the posts.

See Employment News May22-28 , 2010 for more details.

Recruitment in Food Cor-poration of India for

Various Posts

Last Date (Receipt of Applica-tion Forms)—June 21, 2010.

Total Vacancies—84.Educational Qualifications—

MBA (Fin.) from a recognized Uni-versity/Institute for ManagementTrainee (Accounts). Degree in Agri-culture for Management Trainee(Technical) and qualification for otherposts as per the requirement of theposts.

Upper Age Limit—28 years forManagement Trainee.

How to Apply—Applications areto be made in the prescribed formpublished given in EmploymentNews May 22-28, 2010. Applicationsforms may also be downloaded fromwww.fciwz.nic. in or www.fciweb.nic.in.

Selection Procedure—The selec-tion process for all posts consists ofwritten test group discussion andinterview. The written test will be intwo Parts. Part-I will be based onrelevant technical discipline while

PD/July/2010/57 “If you don’t like something change it; if you can’t change it, change the way you think about it.”

part-II will be based on GeneralAptitude comprising Reasoning, DataAnalysis, Computer Awareness,General Awareness and CurrentAffairs.

See Employment News May22-28, 2010 for more details.

Recruitment in Indian Oil Corporation Limited forEngineering Assistants

Last Date (Receipt of Applica-tion Forms)—June 14, 2010.

Total Vacancies—55.Educational Qualifications—

Diploma in Engineering.Selection Procedure—The selec-

tion procedure will comprise writtentest followed by interview of theshort listed candidates.

Age Limit—18 to 32 years.How to Apply—As per the

format given in Employment News22-28 May 2010. Application can alsobe downloaded from website www.iocl.com.

See Employment News May22-28, 2010 for more details.

Recruitment in Railway�Recruitment Boards for

Various Posts

Last Date (Receipt of Applica-tion Forms)—June 21, 2010.

Total Vacancies—More than6,000 Vacancies.

Educational Qualifications—Matriculation and diploma/certificateas per the requirement of the posts.

How to Apply—The candidatesshould send the applications inprescribed format published in theEmployment News 22-28 May 2010.

Selection Procedure—The testwill be objective type based on ques-tions pertaining to General Aware-ness, Arithmetic, General Intelligenceand Reasoning and Language GeneralHindi and General English.

See Employment News May22-28, 2010 for more details.

Recruitment in the Indian Navy (10 + 2 Cadet)

B. Tech. Entry Scheme

Last Date (Receipt of Applica-tion Forms)—June 29, 2010.

Educational Qualifications—Senior Secondary Examination(10 + 2) pattern or its equivalent fromUniversity/Board with its least75% aggregate marks in Physics,Chemistry and Mathematics.

How to Apply—As per theformat given in Employment NewsMay 22-28, 2010.

Selection Procedure—The can-didates will be issued call up forServices Selection Board (SSB) inter-view. The interview will consist of 5stages comprising Intelligence Test,Picture Perception and Discussionand Interview.

See Employment News May22-28, 2010 for more details.

Uttarakhand Public Service Commission :

Combined Lower Subordinate Services

Exam., 2010

Last Date (Receipt of Applica-tion Forms)—June 30, 2010.

Total Vacancies—337.Educational Qualifications—

Graduation degree from any recog-nized university.

Age Limit—21 to 35 years.How to Apply—OMR applica-

tion form with instructions can bepurchased for Rs. 220 for PG fromdesignated post offices in the state.

Selection Procedure—Forprelims only one paper of GeneralStudies and General Aptitude Test(objective type) will be held while formains examination there will be twopapers. Paper-I will be of GeneralStudies and Paper-II will be of Essayand Drafting. After that Interviewwill be held.

See Employment News May29–June 4, 2010 for more details.

Recruitment in Hindustan Aeronautics Limited for

Various Posts

Last Date (Receipt of Applica-tion Forms)—June 13, 2010.

Total Vacancies—85.Educational Qualifications—

Degree in Engineering.Age Limit—28 to 35 years.

Selection Procedure—There willbe written test followed by Interview.

Application Fee—Rs. 400.

How to Apply—Applicationsshould be submitted strictly online bylogging onto HAL website

www.hal-india.com.See Employment News May 29–

June 4, 2010 for more details.

Recruitment in Container Corporation of India

Limited for Sr. Assistants (Technical)

Last Date (Receipt of Applica-tion Forms)—June 21, 2010.

Total Vacancies—37.Educational Qualifications—

NCTVT (Trade) and NCTVT(Applications) certificate in the tradeof conditioning or refrigeration.

Application Fee—Rs. 150.How to Apply—As per the

prescribed format given in Employ-ment News May 29–June 4, 2010.

See Employment News May 29–June 4, 2010 for more details.

UPSC Central Police Forces (Assistant Com-mandants) Exam., 2010

Last Date (Receipt of Applica-tion Forms)—June 28, 2010.

Total Vacancies—753.Age Limit—20 to 25 years.Educational Qualifications—

Bachelor's degree of a university.How to Apply—The UPSC have

developed an application form and isobtainable from the designatedoffices across the country.

Selection Procedure—Writtenexam will have two papers : Paper-Iwill consist of General Ability andIntelligence, Paper-II will consist ofEssay, Precise writing and com-prehension.

See Employment News May 29–June 4, 2010 for more details.

Recruitment in Indian Navy as Sailors for

Artificer Apprentice (AA)

Last Date (Receipt of Applica-tion Forms)—June 18, 2010.

Educational Qualifications—Qualified in 10 + 2/equivalent examwith 55%.

Age Limit—16 to 19 years.Selection Procedure—Written

Test and Physical Fitness test will be

PD/July/2010/58

held. Written will comprise foursections i.e., English, Science, Mathe-matics and General Knowledge.

How to Apply—The applicationare to be downloaded from internalsite www.nausenabharti.nic in appli-cations will be received only throughordinary post. The application shouldbe sent as per the format given inEmployment News May 29–June 4,2010.

See Employment News May 29–June 4, 2010 for more details.

Recruitment in NarmadaKshetriya Gramin Bank

for Scale-I Officers

Last Date (Receipt of Applica-tion Forms)—June 30, 2010.

Total Vacancies—350.Educational Qualifications—

Degree from any recognized univer-sity.

Selection Procedure—Writtentest will be objective type comprising

FORTHCOMING COMPETITIVE EXAMS.2010

Delhi Polytechnic Common Entrance Test, 2010 (June 12)LIC Apprentice Development Officers Exam. (June 13)Jharkhand Gramin Bank Officers Scale-I Exam. (June 13)M.P. Commercial Tax Deptt. Taxation Assistant

Exam. (June 17)Uttar Pradesh B.Ed. Combined Entrance Test,

2010 (June 19)Delhi SSSB TGT Natural Science Exam. (June 19)Joint CSIR-UGC Test for JRF and Eligibility for

Lectureship, June-2010 (June 20)Jharkhand Gramin Bank Clerk-cum-Cashier Exam.(June 20)Common Proficiency Test (CPT)-June 2010 for

C.A. Entrance (June 20)Madhya Pradesh P.M.T., 2010 (June 20)Staff Selection Commission SAS Apprentices

in CGDA Exam., 2010 (June 26-27)UGC National Eligibility Test (NET) June 2010 (June 27)Syndicate Bank Probationary Clerk Exam.,

2010-11 (June 27)Delhi SSSB Drawing Teacher and Physical

Education Teacher Exam. (June 27)Uttar Pradesh I.T.I. Entrance Exam. (June 27)

(Closing Date : 30 June, 2010)Vidarbha Kshetriya Gramin Bank Officer Scale-I

Recruitment Test (July 4)Canara Bank Probationary Officers Exam. (July 4)M.P. Higher Judicial Service Preliminary Exam. (July 4)Trade Apprentices for Training in Ordnance and

Ordnance Equipment Factories for 2010-11 (July 4)U.P. Combined Paramedical Entrance Exam.

July/August 2010 (July 4)Vidarbha Kshetriya Gramin Bank Office

Assistant Recruitment Test (July 11)

Rajasthan PSC School-Lecturer (School Education)Exam. 2008 (Hindi & Sanskrit) (July 11)

Madhya Bihar Gramin Bank Clerk Exam. (July 11)Bihar I.T.I. Entrance Exam., 2010 (July 17)Canara Bank Probationary Clerks Recruitment

Exam. (July 18)Aryavart Gramin Bank, Lucknow Officer Scale-I

Exam. (July 18)Aryavart Gramin Bank, Lucknow Clerical Cadre

(Office Assistant) Exam. (July 25)Central Bank of India Probationary Officers Exam. (July 25)Haryana VLD Diploma Entrance Test, 2010-11 (July 25)

(Closing Date : 23 June, 2010)Indian Air Force Airman in Group ‘Y’ (Non-

Tech.) Selection Test, 2010 (Aug.)(Closing Date : 10 June, 2010)

Purbanchal Gramin Bank Officer Scale-IRecruitment Exam. (Aug. 1)

(Closing Date : 24 June, 2010)M.P. State Forest Service Exam., 2010 (Aug. 1-8)Civil Judge II (Entry Level) in High Court of

Madhya Pradesh, Jabalpur Preliminary Test (Aug. 8)Purbanchal Gramin Bank Office Assistant Exam. (Aug. 8)

(Closing Date : 24 June, 2010)U.P.S.C. National Defence Academy Exam. (II),

2010 (Aug. 22)SSC Assistant Sub-Inspector (Executive) in CISF

Exam., 2010 (Aug. 29)(Closing Date : 28 June, 2010)

Combined Defence Services Exam. (II), 2010 (Sept. 19)UPSC Central Police Forces (Assistant Com-

mandants) Exam., 2010 (Oct. 24)(Closing Date : 28 June, 2010)

Reasoning, Quantitative Aptitude,General Awareness and EnglishLanguage.

How to Apply—As per the for-mat prescribed as given in Employ-ment News May 29–June 4, 2010.

See Employment News May 29–June 4, 2010 for more details.

Delhi Development Authority Recruitment

for Various Posts

Last Date (Receipt of Applica-tion Forms)—June 28, 2010.

Total Vacancies—281.Educational Qualifications—

Diploma-holder in Civil Engineeringfrom recognised university forEngineers and qualification for othersas per the requirements of the posts.

Mode of Selection—Scheme ofexamination syllabus is given DDAwebsite www. dda.org.

The questions in the test will bebased on Civil Engineering, General

Knowledge, General Awareness,Logical Reasoning and NumericalAbility.

Log onto www.dda.org. for moredetails.

Govt. of India Department of Atomic Energy Recruitment of

Security Guard

Last Date (Receipt of Applica-tion Forms)—July 1, 2010.

Total Vacancies—86.Educational Qualifications—

10th standard.Age Limit—18 to 27 years.Selection Procedure—Written

test will comprise comprehension,General Awareness (Objective Type)and Analytical or Basic Maths.

How to Apply—As per theproforma given DC SEM’s websitewww.dcsem.gov.in.

Log onto www.dcsem.gov.in formore details. P.Darpan

PD/July/2010/59/5 “An appeaser is one who feeds a crocodile, hoping it will eat him last.”

Group of 15 : Signs of Revival

—Arunoday Bajpai

In a historical and ideologicalsense, the G-15 has special signifi-cance for India. Infact, it is a potentialmechanism for South-South co-opera-tion among developing countries,which was created at the Non-alignedSummit meeting held in Belgrade in1989. India played an important rolein the formation of G-15. It consists of17 leading developing countries fromthree continents—Asia, Africa andLatin America. Though its member-ship has increased to 17, it retains itsoriginal name, G-15. It is a mostcohesive and compact group of deve-loping countries. G-15 consists of 17developing countries which are :Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Chile,Egypt, Indonesia, India, Iran, Jamaica,Kenya, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria,Senegal, Sri Lanka, Venezuela andZimbabwe.

Aims and Objectives of G-15According to the official state-

ment of G-15, it was established inthe firm belief of the considerablepotential for greater and mutuallybeneficial cooperation among deve-loping countries, especially in theareas of investment, trade and tech-nology. By acting as a catalyst togreater South-South Cooperation,G-15 aims at facilitating nationalefforts for development and econo-mic progress. It is envisaged that theG-15 will both serve as a forum forregular consultation among deve-loping countries with a view tocoordinating policies and actions ofdeveloping countries at global leveland assist in the formulation andimplementation of programmes ofcooperation.

The main objectives of G-15, assuch, are given below—

1. To harness the considerable pote-ntial for greater and mutuallybeneficial cooperation amongdeveloping countries;

2. To conduct a regular review ofthe impact of world situation andof the state of international eco-nomic relations on developingcountries;

3. To serve as a forum for regularconsultation among developingcountries with a view to coordi-nate policies and actions;

4. To identify and implement con-crete schemes for South-SouthCooperation and mobilise widersupport for them;

5. To pursue a more positive andproductive North-South dialogueand to find new ways of dealingwith problems in a co-operative,constructive and mutually sup-portive manner.The term ‘South-South Coopera-

tion’ means co-operation among deve-loping countries in different fields.The developing countries are alsocalled the ‘South’ countries becausethey are located i n the Southernhemisphere. Similarly, the developedcountries are called the ‘North’ coun-tries as they are located in Northernhemisphere in Europe and NorthAmerica. Thus, the term North-Southcooperation means cooperation bet-ween developed and developingcountries.

14th Summit of G-15 (May15-17, 2010)

The 14th Summit of G-15 washeld at Tehran, in Iran on May 15-17,2010. The Summit assumed signifi-cance because it was held after a gapof four years and second, it was heldin Iran, which is facing the threat ofeconomic sanctions from Europeancountries and the US. Indian delega-tion in the Summit was led by theExternal Affairs Minister, S. M.Krishna. Out of 17 members, the 6countries were represented by their

respective Heads of State/Govern-ment and 11 members were repre-sented by their high ranking minis-ters.

One of the related and significantbut separate development during theSummit was the trilateral agreementbetween Brazil, Iran and Turkeyannounced on May 17, 2010 whichfacilitates the solution of long-stand-ing Iranian nuclear impasse. Underthe agreement Iran agreed to send its1200 kg low enriched uranium (about3·5% enriched) to deposit in Turkeyand it would get after sometime 120kg of highly enriched uranium (about19·5% enriched) from Russia. It wouldprevent Iran from developing theuranium enrichment technology andfacility for the same; which was a pri-mary condition imposed by the USand its Western allies. If Iran failed tostop the development of uraniumenrichment technology, the US thre-atened fresh and stringent economicsanctions against Iran. Iran claimsthat it needs enriched uranium for theproduction of medical isotopes. Butthe US and its Western allies andInternational Atomic Energy Agency,IAEA insist that Iran would useenriched uranium to produce nuclearweapons. The contradiction arisesfrom the dual nature of nucleartechnology. The significance of thistrilateral agreement lies in the factthat the US and its Western allies losethe moral ground to impose freshsanctions against Iran. If this agree-ment is acceptable to IAEA and theUS, the Iranian nuclear impassewould be resolved to some extent. Itshould be noted that the issue ofsanction was indirectly incorporatedin the Joint Communiqué issued bythe G-15 countries at the end ofSummit.

The Joint Communique of theG-15 essentially focuses on the impor-tance of the South-South Cooperationparticularly among G-15 members infacing current global challenges offood, energy, climate change, health,

PD/July/2010/60 “Broadly speaking, the short words are the best, and the old words best of all.”

List of G-15 SummitsS. No. Date Host City Host Country

1. 1-3 June, 1990 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia2. 27-29 Nov., 1991 Caracas Venzuela3. 21-23 Nov., 1992 Dakar Senegal4. 28-30 March, 1993 New Delhi India5. 5-7 Nov., 1995 Buenos Aires Argentina6. 3-5 Nov., 1996 Harare Zimbabwe7. 28 Oct.—5 Nov., 1997 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia8. 11-13 May, 1998 Cairo Egypt9. 10-12 Feb., 1999 Montego Bay Jamaica

10. 19-20 June, 2000 Cairo Egypt11. 30-31 May, 2001 Jakarta Indonesia12. 27-28 Feb., 2004 Caracas Venzuela13. 14 Sep., 2006 Havana Cuba14. 15-17 May, 2010 Tehran Iran15. 2014 (proposed) Sri Lanka

Note—It should be noted that during the first Summit of G-15 it was decided tohold its Summits on annual basis but since 2001, the G-15 Summits have not beenheld on annual basis. It is customary that the venue of the Summit is rotated amongthe three continents one by one. The office of G-15 is located in Geneva. The Summitis the highest decision making organ of this organisation.

trade and Doha round of trade nego-tiations, intellectual properties andglobal financial crisis.

The Joint Communique issued atthe end of 14th Summit, on May, 17,2010 highlights the following points—

1. Indirectly referring to the threatof sanctions against Iran, themembers of G-15 expressed graveconcern on adopting or imple-menting extraterritorial andunilateral economic sanctionsagainst developing countries.The Summit called for full andimmediate revocation of coerciveeconomic measures or lawsagainst developing countries aswell as using the internationaleconomic and financial mech-anisms as political instrumentagainst them.

2. The members were also con-cerned about the revival andstrengthening of G-15 mecha-nism. They mandated the incom-ing chairman of G-15, Sri Lankato appoint a high level TaskForce, which would be responsi-ble to make thorough and fairassessment of the progress andfuture prospects of G-15. TheTask Force would also suggestmeasures to revitalise and streng-then the G-15 group.

3. The G-15 Summit extended fullsupport for all efforts to create a

conducive environment for theestablishment of a viable andsovereign Palestinian state. Theleaders expressed deep concernon the extensive devastation inPalestinian territories (West Bankand Gaza Strip) as a result ofIsraeli occupation, resettlementand other related activities.

4. On the question of reforms of theinternational financial institu-tions, the Summit called for thetime bound reform of BrettonWoods institutions (World Bankand International MonetaryFund-IMF) and examining alter-native sources of financing fordeveloping world. The WorldBank and IMF are known asBretton Woods institutions be-cause they were founded at theBretton Woods City of the USA.In this respect, it demanded theIMF Quota Review by December,2010. It should be noted that thesimilar demand was also raisedby the BRIC (Brazil, Russia, Indiaand China) countries in April2010 at its Second Summit Meet-ing. Thus, the demand for IMFQota reform is gaining momen-tum. The prevailing IMF Quotasystem mandates that the votingright of a country in IMF wouldbe in proportion to its quota offunds contributed. Obviously,the rich countries have more

votes in IMF as they have largerquota of funds contributed to theIMF. Thus, the prevailing systemis discriminatory to developingcountries. Therefore, it has to berectified as demanded by thedeveloping countries. It shouldbe noted that in April 2010, theWorld Bank member nationshave approved greater votingrights to developing countriesincluding India and China. Thischange would enable India toseek additional assistance fromthe World Bank. The quotareform issue was also raised in2009 during the London Summitof G-20 countries.

As regards the alternative sourcesof funding to the developingcountries, the Summit remarkedthat “the Bretton Woods insti-tutions should not be seen as theunique source of financing forthe developing countries. Itcalled for development of alter-native financial institutions. Inthis respect the leaders of G-15welcomed the ongoing initiativesfor alternative funding such asIndia-Brazil-South Africa Fund,the Chiang Mai funding initia-tive, and the Petro Caribe initia-tive of alternative funding todeveloping nations.

5. In order to prevent the repeat ofthe recent global financial crisis,the G-15 members includingIndia have called for effectivesupervision of major financialcentres and institutions. Morespecifically it called for “expand-ing the scope of financial regula-tion and supervision, making itmore effective and transparent,with respect to all major financialcentres, institutions and actors,including an unbiased and effec-tive IMF surveillance of financialcentres, institutional capital flowsand financial markets”. The jointcommunique noted that thefinancial crisis” highlighted long-standing systemic fragilities andimbalances of the existing globalfinancial system. It may be re-called that the global financialcrisis was triggered by the fall ofAmerica’s investment bankerLehman Brothers in Sep. 2008;which impacted all major eco-

PD/July/2010/61 “From now on, ending a sentence with a preposition is something up with which I will not put.”

nomies of the world. The crisissaw India’s economic growthrate slipping to 6·7 per cent in2008-09 from 9% in the precedingyear. The G-15 Summit notedwith deep concern that thisfinancial crisis led to foodinsecurity, volatile commodityprices, drying up private capitalflows and unemploymentbesides loss of confidence in theinternational financial system.

6. The Summit called for the earlyand full implementation of allthe commitments made at theG-20 Summit in 2009 to put inplace a global plan of recoveryand reform. This includes com-mitment to replenish the finan-ces of international financialinstitutions for concessional lend-ing to crisis affected developingcountries and mobilising $ 20billion food security in poorcountries. This demand is sig-nificant in view of the fact thatthe G-20 Summit is proposed tobe held in June 2010.

7. The Summit leaders also urgeddeveloped countries to fulfiltheir promise of earmarking 0·7per cent of their Gross Nationalproduct (GNP) as Official Deve-lopment Assistance (ODA) todeveloping countries by the year2015 and reaching the level of0·5% of GNP as ODA by the endof 2010.

8. The Summit leaders expressedunreserved disappointment atDoha round of trade negotiationsnot producing development-ori-ented outcome as mandatedoriginally. They asked the WTOmembers to desist from thetemptation to adopt protectionistand trade-distorting measures.

The ongoing trade negotiations,if concluded, would boost globaltrade by $ 300 billion a year, whichwould strengthen the recovery fromthe global economic crisis. It shouldbe noted that the Doha Round of tradenegotiations are stalled at presentover differences on trade barriers andagriculture subsidies between thedeveloped and developing countries.The G-15 Summit criticised theattempts by some developed coun-tries to impose additional commit-ments on some of its members whowant accession to WTO.

Organisational Structure ofG-15

In order to achieve its objective, theG-15 has evolved some organisationalstructures which are given below—1. Summit of Heads of State and

Government—As a rule the Sum-mit meeting is the highest decisionmaking body of the group. Asdecided in the first Summit, itsmeetings are held on annual basis.

2. Ministers of Foreign Affairs—G-15Ministers of Foreign Affairs usuallymeet once in a year. It is responsiblefor making preparation for theSummit and co-ordinating theworking of the group.

3. Steering Committee (Troika)—Itconsists of the Foreign Ministers ofthe preceding, present and thefuture host country of the G-15Summit. It is responsible for over-seeing and co-ordinating the workof the group.

4. Personal Representatives of Headsof Government—Each country isrepresented by the personal repre-sentive of the Heads of State ofmember countries. They are basedin Geneva and supervise the day-to-day work of the G-15.

5. Federation of Chambers of Com-merce, Industry and Services(FCCIS)—The FCCIS is the privatesector forum of G-15. Its purpose isto co-ordinate and maximise effortswhich promote business, economicdevelopment and joint investmentin the member states of G-15.

6. Technical Support Facility (TSF)—The TSF is located in Geneva. Itworks under the guidance of thecurrent chairman of the G-15 and isresponsible for giving substantiveand technical secretarial support forthe activities of the group and forpromoting its objectives.

The joint communiqué alsodiscussed the issue of food security,energy conservation and efficiencyand satisfactory conclusion of ongo-ing climate change negotiations.

Major G-15 Programmesunder South-South Coopera-tion

In order to realise its majorobjective of promoting cooperationamong developing countries in thefield of trade, investment and tech-nology, the G-15 has launched anumber of projects and programmes.The major such programmes aregiven ahead—

PD/July/2010/62 “He has all the virtues I dislike and none of the vices I admire.”

1. Programme of cooperation atinstitutional and enterprise levelfor G-15 small and medium sizeenterprises under the supervi-sion of Egypt.

2. Cooperation among developingcountries in the field of Design,Execution and Management ofpetroleum, gas and petrochemi-cal project with Egypt as thenodal country.

3. Cooperation among G-15 StockMarket Exchanges under thesupervision of Egypt.

4. Cooperation between the G-15countries in International Fairsand Exhibitions under the super-vision of Egypt.

5. Computer Training Centre atNew Delhi with India as the co-ordinator.

6. G-15 Information and Communi-cation Technology on-line Reso-urce Centre with Egypt as nodalcountry.

7. Small-scale industries co-opera-tion with Senegal, Zimbabweand Nigeria with India as anodal country.

8. Programme for cooperation inSolar Energy Cooperation withIndia as a coordinator.

9. International Centre for Environ-mental and Nuclear Sciencesunder the supervision of Jamaica.

10. Transfer of Technology andDevelopment programme withSenegal as the nodal country.

11. Business and Investment Forum(BIF) programme conductedunder the supervision of Zim-babwe.

12. G-15 Human Resource Trainingprogramme.The range and width of the co-

operative projects demonstrates thatG-15 has taken some concrete mea-sures to advance the idea of South-South Cooperation.

Assessment of G-15The launching of G-15 was the

major and desired initiative of NAMcountries. It wanted to promote self-reliance among developing countriesthrough the process of South-SouthCo-operation and encourage collec-tive bargaining and view points inthese countries in the process ofNorth-South dialogues. Its ultimategoal was to promote such capabilitiesin the developing countries so that

they are able to have a major say inthe shaping of international financial,trading and economic systems. Theuniqueness of G-15 lies in the factthat it consists of the leading deve-loping countries from the threeregions of the World, Asia, Africa andLatin America. Its small size impartsthe quality of compactness and cohe-siveness.

Their common strength, if har-nessed effectively, may have a majorimpact on global affairs. As in 2007,the G-15 countries accounted for one-third of the world’s population, 27%of total exports and 30% of the totalimports of goods and services bydeveloping countries. In terms of thesize of GDP 12 members of G-15counted among the World’s 50 big-gest economies and three membersnamely—India, Brazil and Mexicofind place in top 15 countries. SixG-15 countries—Brazil, Mexico, Chile,India, Malaysia and Argentina findplace in top 30 destinations for foreigndirect investment and three membercountries—Malaysia, Chile and Indiafigured among the first 30 countrieson the global competitiveness index.G-15 countries have abundant naturalresources. They account for the 25%of the total global crude oil pro-duction. Some members are leadingproducers of certain mineral andagricultural products, such as copper(Chile); nickle and tin (Indonesia);Sugar (Brazil, India); tea (India,Kenya, Sri Lanka), coffee (Brazil),rubber (Indonesia, Malaysia) and oilseeds (Brazil, Argentina). Somemember countries like Chile andMalaysia have well developed infra-structure required for development.Some countries have advanced tech-nological capabilities in selected areassuch as pharmaceuticals (Brazil, Indiaand Argentina); and information tech-nology (India, Malaysia and Argen-tina). The above features of membercountries of G-15 provide an oppor-tunity to this group to launch a viableprocess of South-South cooperation

SAARC : Need for Introspection

Regional approach to develop-ment and cooperation is the majordevelopment in the Post-World War-II international politics. Even suchorganisations as long as they are con-

and collective self reliance in interna-tional economic matters.

However, the G-15 has beenlosing its shine for last 10 years or sodue to a number of factors. First, inthe face of the ongoing process of glo-balisation and privatisation, the mem-ber countries have opted separateroutes to face the new challenges ofglobal competitions. In the processthe countries of Africa were left tofend for themselves. The globalisationhas produced new processes andopportunity as well as threats inwhich G-15 did not prove effective.Second, some of the leading countriesof G-15 like Brazil, India, Mexicohave joined new groups such as IBSA(India, Brazil and South Africa); G-20etc. These countries have got thestatus of outreach countries of the G-8meetings of rich countries. The neatcategorisation of developed anddeveloping countries has becomenow blurred as some of the deve-loping countries have moved on therapid development path underminingthe unity and relevance of G-15 group.Also, the cooperative programmeslaunched by G-15 have not receivedproper attention. Due to these factors,the G-15 group is pushed to themargins of the prevailing globaleconomic process.

However, in the face of prevail-ing international conditions also, thesignificance of the G-15 group canhardly he over emphasized. Still thereare fundamental differences betweenthe developed and developing coun-tries with respect to the major globalissues like trade negotiations, climatechange, human rights, etc. The G-15provides a valuable forum to arti-culate the viewpoints of developingcountries on these pressing issues. Toend the marginalisation of Africanand Asian poor countries, the processof South-South co-operation and thespirit of collective self-reliance amongdeveloping countries need to berevived. This underlines the contem-porary relevance of G-15.

sistent with the aims and objectives ofUN are permitted under the charterof the UN. Though, it may appearironic, both tendencies—the region-alism and the globalisation are rein-

PD/July/2010/63 “History will be kind to me for I intend to write it.”

forcing each other. It may be termedas regional mechanism t o partici-pate in the process o f globalisation.We have witnessed regional organi-sation for cooperation in Asia, Africa,Europe or Latin America. Some ofthese organisations like ASEAN orEuropean community are consideredsuccessful examples of regionalcooperation and integration. Someother regional organisations have notbeen able to achieve desired success.SAARC, the regional cooperationorganisation of South Asia falls inthe latter category. The South AsianAssociation for Regional cooperation(SAARC) was established in 1985 forlaunching the process of regionalcooperation and development inSouth Asia. The, then President ofBangladesh, Zia-ur Rehman madepioneering efforts in the establish-ment of SAARC. The seven countriesof South Asia—India, Nepal, Bangla-desh, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Maldivesand Pakistan are the seven foundermembers of this organisation. Afgha-nistan was admitted as the 8th mem-ber of SAARC during 14th SAARCSummit, held in India. In terms ofpopulation, the SAARC is the largestregional organisation in the world,which represent 1·5 billion people ofthe world.

Aims and Objectives ofSAARC

The SAARC charter adopted inDecember 1985 lists the followingobjectives—

1. To promote the welfare of peopleof South Asia and to improvetheir quality of life;

2. To accelerate economic growth,social progress and culturaldevelopment in the region and toprovide all individuals theopportunity to live in dignityand to realise their full potential;

3. To promote and strengthen thecollective self-reliance among thecountries of South Asia;

4. To contribute to mutual trust,understanding and appreciationof one another is problems;

5. To promote active collaborationand mutual assistance in theeconomic social, cultural, tech-nical and scientific fields;

6. To strengthen cooperation withother developing countries;

7. To strengthen cooperation amo-ng themselves in internationalforums on matters of commoninterests; and

8. To cooperate with internationaland regional organisations withsimilar aims and objectives.

From the list of above objectives,it becomes apparent that the SAARCis not a political organisation. It ispurely an organisation of cooperationin non-political areas. In fact, SAARCcharter debars the member statesfrom raising contentions political orbilateral issues. The decisions inSAARC forums are not taken bymajority rule but by consensus andcommon understanding. In order toachieve its objectives, SAARC hasidentified nine areas for cooperation—

Agriculture, Rural development, Tele-communication, Meteorology, Healthand Population, Transport, PostalServices, Science and Technology andSports, Arts and Culture.

16th SAARC Summit (Thim-phu—27-28 April 2010)

The sixteenth Summit of SAARCwas held at Thimphu (Bhutan) on 27-28 April, 2010. Summit meeting is theannual feature of SAARC. Summitis also the highest decision-makingbody of SAARC. India was repre-sented by the Prime Minister, Man-mohan Singh. Other participants inthe Summit were—Hamid Karzai, thePresident of Islamic Republic ofAfghanistan; Sheikh Hasina, thePrime Minister of the People’sRepublic of Bangladesh; LyonchhenJigme Yoeser, the Prime Minister ofKingdom of Bhutan; MohammadNasheed, the President of Republic ofMaldives; Madhav Kumar Nepal, thePrime Minister of Nepal; Syed YusufRaza Gilani, the Prime Minister of theIslamic Republic of Pakistan andMahinda Rajpaksha, the President ofthe Democratic Socialist Republic ofSri Lanka.

The leaders of SAARC membersdiscussed all the major global issueslike climate change, terrorism, tradeetc. and reviewed the progress of theorganisation in various fields of co-operation. This is the Silver JubileeYear of formation of SAARC. Hence,the leader adopted the Silver JubileeDeclaration at the end of the Summit.The Declaration was titled as “To-

wards a Green and Happy SouthAsia.” In fact, in the background ofthe looming crisis of climate changeand ongoining negotiations in thisfield, the Summit focussed on theissue of climate change and environ-ment by adopted it as the majortheme of the Summit.

Thimphu Statement onClimate Change

As the green and happy South Asiawas the major focus of ThimphuSummit, the leader issued a separateThimphu statement on climate changeon April 29, 2010 besides the mainDeclaration. Following are the salientfeatures of this statement on climatechange—1. Leaders attached high priority for

preserving and sustainably manag-ing the rich fragile and diverse eco-system of South Asia.

2. They expressed concern over theadverse impact of climate changeon the people of South Asia.

3. They emphasised the need for asustainable approach to socio-eco-nomic development and povertyeradication in South Asia.

4. They reiterated that the principlesof equity, and common and diffe-rentiated responsibility and respec-tive capabilities, as incorporated inthe United Nations FrameworkConvention on Climate Change(UNFCCC) should be the basis ofongoing international negotiationson climate change.

5. The leaders appreciated the benefitsfrom co-operative regional initia-tives and approaches, exchange andexperiences knowledge, transfer oftechnology, best practices toaddress the challenge posed byclimate change.

6. The leaders agreed to undertakecertain measures in this field suchas timely implementation ofSAARC Action Plan on climatechange, establishment of inter-governmental expert group onclimate change to suggest policydirections, to commission a studyon the risks of climate change in theregion, to promote education ofclimate change, to plant ten milliontrees in the region in the next fiveyears, to build institutional linkagein this field, measures to integrateclimate change management anddisaster management, facilitatingsharing of knowledge, informationand technology in this field, perio-dical review of the implementationof climate change statement etc.

PD/July/2010/64 “However beautiful the strategy, you should occasionally look at the results.”

The main Thimphu Declarationcontains 37 points and reflects uponall the major global and regionalissues. The main points of ThimphuDeclaration (29 April, 2010) are listedbelow—

1. On the completion of 25 years ofSAARC’s establishment, theleaders expressed satisfaction onthe achievement of SAARC andunderscored the relevance andimportance of Association toprovide a platform for regionalco-operation.

2. They felt the need to develop a‘Vision Statement’ of SAARC anddecided to establish ‘South AsiaForum’ for debate and discussionon the future development ofSouth Asia.

3. They emphasised the need ofeffective communication andpublic diplomacy to reach out todifferent sections of society inSouth Asia.

4. The leaders highlighted the needfor more efficient, focused, timebound and people centricactivities and incorporating thesame in the national programmesof the member states.

5. They emphasised the need forregional cooperation to streng-then good governance in theregion through sharing of experi-ences, best practices, and estab-lishing institutional linkages. Theleaders recommended the con-vening of SAARC conclave ofparliamentarians’.

6. The leader emphasised on agreater focus to pursue peoplecentric development with dueemphasis on socio-cultural pro-gress and upholding traditionsand values of society.

7. Leader felt to deepen regionalefforts for eradicating povertythrough main streaming theSAARC Development Goals(SDG).

8. On climate change they deman-ded that the outcome of theglobal negotiations should bebased on the principles of equityand common but differentiatedresponsibilities and respectivecapabilities.

9. They advocated effective regio-nal programmes for effectivedisaster management in theregion.

10. They appreciated the ongoinginitiatives with respect to genderequality and women empower-ment.

List of SAARC Summits

S. No. Date Place Country

1. 7-8 Dec., 1985 Dhaka Bangladesh2. 16-17 Nov., 1986 Bangalore India3. 2-4 Nov., 1987 Kathmandu Nepal4. 29-31 Dec., 1988 Islamabad Pakistan5. 21-23 Nov., 1990 Male Maldives6. 21 Dec., 1991 Colombo Sri Lanka7. 10-11 April, 1993 Dhaka Bangladesh8. 2-4 May, 1995 New Delhi India9. 12-14 May, 1997 Male Maldives

10. 29-31 July, 1998 Colombo Sri Lanka11. 4-6 Jan., 2002 Kathmandu Nepal12. 2-6 Jan., 2004 Islamabad Pakistan13. 12-13 Nov., 2005 Dhaka Bangladesh14. 3-4 April, 2007 New Delhi India15. 1-3 Aug., 2008 Colombo Sri Lanka16. 28-29 April, 2010 Thimphu Bhutan17. 2011 (proposed) Male Maldives

Note—SAARC Summits are held on annual basis. Summit is the highest decisionmaking forum of SAARC. On some occasions, the Summits have not been held onannual basis.

11. The SAARC leaders underlinedthe importance of SAARC Deve-lopment Fund (SDF) in financingregional programmes and pro-jects.

12. The leaders reiterated the com-mitment to implement SAFTA inletter and spirit. They welcomedthe SAARC Agreement onservices called for participationof private sector in regionalcooperation.

13. Leaders called for co-ordinatingSAARC position on WTO issuesand Doha Round of internationaltrade negotiations. For promot-

What is SAPTA and SAFTA ?There is a distinction between SAPTA (SAARC Preferential Trading

Arrangement) and SAFTA (South Asia Free Trade Area). SAPTA was signed on April11, 1993 to promote and sustain mutual trade and economic cooperation withinSAARC region through the exchange of trade concession. Infact, the SAPTA is aprelude and tool of realizing the final goal of SAFTA. The agreement on SAFTA wasreached at the 12th SAARC Summit at Islamabad on Jan. 6, 2004. This agreementcame into being on Ist Jan. 2006. The SAFTA is a framework to create a free trade areain South Asia. Under SAFTA, the member countries will reduce their custom dutiesto 0-5 per cent by the year 2016. However, in case of Sri Lanka, India and Pakistan thistime limit is the year of 2012. Beyond these time limits, the region will go for zerocustom duty. Under this agreement, each member country is permitted to declare alist of sensitive goods in which no duty concession shall be made. India has declareda list of 884 sensitive goods with respect to trade with Pakistan and Sri Lanka and alist of 763 sensitive goods respect to trade with other countries. At present, the tradeamong SAARC (intra-SAARC trade) countries is about 5·29 billion dollars (2009)which is expected to increase by three fold after the establishment of South Asia Freetrade Area. After the signing of agreement on SAFTA, the earlier agreement ofSAPTA has been replaced by this new agreement. During Thimphu Summit on 28-29April, 2010, the leaders of SAARC reiterated their commitment to implement SAFTAin letter and spirit.

ing intra–SAARC trade leaderunderlined the importance ofdevelopment of communicationsystem, transport infrastructure,and transit facilities, specially forthe land-locked member-states.

14. Other issues incorporated in theThimphu Declaration are stren-gthening cooperation in the fieldof education, expediting the workof establishment of SAARC Uni-versity in New Delhi, achievinggreater intra-regional connecti-vity, promotion of tourism andenergy conservation, rooting outterrorism in all its forms etc. The

PD/July/2010/65 “I have always felt that a politician is to be judged by the animosities he excites among his opponents.”

leaders condemned all manifes-tation of terrorism and consid-ered it as a threat to peace,security and economic stabilityin the region. In this regard theycalled for the effective implemen-tation of SAARC Regional Con-vention on Supression of Terror-ism and SAARC Convention onNarcotic Drugs and Psycho tropicSubstances.

In brief, the Thimphu Declara-tion deals with all the major contem-porary issues and pleads for takingconcrete measures for effective regi-onal cooperation in different fieldsamong the SAARC members.

Problems and ProspectsIt is felt by many observers that

the SAARC has not achieved thedesired success in realising its objec-tives like other regional organisationsnamely ASEAN or European commu-nity. The notion of South Asiansolidarity or South Asian identity isyet to take shape. Infact, the leadersof the SAARC have always raisedtheir voice on the burning issues ofthe region but it has hardly doneanything to solve the core problemsof the region like poverty, foodsecurity, preventing terrorism or drugsmuggling etc. According to theReport of World Bank, the 2/3 peopleof South Asia live on less than twodollars per day. During 16th Summitthe Prime Minister of Bhutan rightlyremarked that SAARC is losing itsfocus from core issues such aspoverty, food security etc. IndianPrime Minister called the 25 year longjourney of SAARC as “a glass halfempty”.

The much hyped SAFTA successhas another inside story to reveal. It istrue that after implementation of freetrade area agreement in 2006, thetrade through SAARC mechanismhas slightly improved. It is revealingto note that the total intra-SouthAsian trade was $ 11 billion in 2009out of which the intra-regional tradethrough SAARC mechanism wasmerely 5·29 billion dollars. It indi-cates that the members of SAARCprefer bilateral trade rather thantrade through SAFTA route. Afterimplementation of SAFTA the in-crease in intra-SAARC trade is due tomerely increase in Indo-Bangladeshtrade through the mechanism ofSAFTA. Pakistan is not willing toimplement SAFTA with India or togrant status of most favoured nationto India under W.T.O. rules.

The reasons for the partialsuccess are inherent in the historicaland present circumstances of theregion. The major problems areexplained below—

(1) Bilateral Problems betweenMember States—The SAARC charterprohibits the raising of bilateralproblems in the meeting of SAARC.However, the bilateral problemsbetween the member states like India-Pakistan tensions, India differenceson certain issues with Nepal andBangladesh etc., negatively affect thegrowth of closer regional coopera-tion. During SAARC Summits, bila-teral issues overshadow the officialagenda of meeting. For example,during the Thimphu Summit in April2010, the meeting became the Indianand Pakistani Prime Ministerassumed greater significance.

(2) Big Brother Image of India—This is a fact that India overwhelm-ingly dominates other members interms of size, population andeconomy. Other members, due tovarious reasons are apprehensive ofIndia’s domination in the region. Thisfactor hampers the closer regional co-operation among the member statesof the region.

(3) Competitive Trade and Eco-nomies—It should be noted that incertain respects, the economies andtrade of member states is competitiverather than contradictory. Forexample, the jute trade competitionbetween India and Bangladesh andtea trade between India and Sri Lanka.Pakistan and India due to their spiritof false competition abhore bilateraltrade with each other.

(4) Poor Infrastructure andDevelopment—In order to imple-ment a minimum level of cooperativemechanism, there should be a viableexistance of infrastructure and eco-nomic and technological develop-ment. There is a wide disparitybetween Indian economic and tech-nological development and develop-ment in rest of the nations. Also, themembers of SAARC suffer from lackof capital and advanced technology,which makes them dependent ondeveloped countries.

(5) Interference of ExternalActors—The relations among themember state are ridden with manyconflictual issues. Thus, the memberstates go far bilateral approach toexternal world and there is minimalmultilateral interaction. India partici-pates in the international affairs notas a member of SAARC but in her

individual capacity. Indian partici-pation in other regional or interna-tional groupings like G-20, IBSA orBRIC is more pronounced and broadbased rather than her participation inSAARC process. On the other handsome external actors like the USA andChina guide the policies of SAARCmembers, which often goes againstthe Indian interest and the very ideaof regional integration. The presentmilitary involvement of US inPakistan in Afghanistan is a case inpoint. The 16th SAARC Summit didnot pass any resolution on the prob-lem of Afghanistan. The involvementof external actors in regional affairscomplicates the problems of SouthAsia. Similarly, China has developedclose naval relationship with some ofthe members of SAARC to encircleIndia from the seaside. Afghanistan isa member of SAARC but its problemis not a cause of concern for SAARC.During 16th Summit, at individuallevel, Indian PM supported “anAfghan led and Afghan owned”rebuilding of Afghanistan, based onthe principle of national sovereignty,independence and non-interference.

Inspite of these problems andpartial success of SAARC, it has apotential utility for its members. Theidea of SAFTA has definitely achie-ved some success inspite of manyproblems and complications. From2007 Summit onwards, SAARC hasfocussed on the development of insti-tutional framework for strengtheningregional cooperation. For example,regional SAARC institutions such asSouth Asian Regional Standard Orga-nisation, SAARC Arbitration Councilin Islamabad, SAARC developmentin Thimphu, South Asian Universityin Delhi or South Asia Forum etc.,May prove building blocks for regi-onal cooperation and development.The 16th Summit has underlined theneed of dialogue and conversationamong the members to resolve theirdifferences. Inspite of many short-comings, the SAARC provides anopen forum to its members to ex-change their ideas and views regard-ing South Asia present and futureand its potential role in the inter-national affairs. The continuous inter-action and linkages among memberstates would strengthen the idea andidentity of South Asian solidarity.

P.Darpan

PD/July/2010/66 “I like pigs. Dogs look up to us. Cats look down on us. Pigs treat us as equals.”

Action : Key to Better Personality—I. M. Soni

Personality Development Personality Development ArticleArticle

Dr. Maxwell Maltz, in Psycho-Cybernetics, says “You act and feel,not according to what things arereally like, but according to the imageyour mind holds of what they arelike.

“You have certain images ofyourself, your world and the peoplearound you, and you behave asthough these images were the truth,the reality, rather than the things theyrepresent.”

You must get your mental imageright. You may find this difficult as ittakes a great deal of time to removefalse pictures which may have beenbuilt up through the years.

William James has provided uswith a good clue to solving this prob-lem. He says, “We rely too much onour feelings to guide us. We shouldrealise that our actions, not our feel-ings are the key.”

‘Action’, he said, “seems to fol-low feeling, but really action andfeeling go together : and by regulatingthe action which is under the moredirect control of the will, we canindirectly regulate the feeling, whichis not.”

You can change your actions.When you change your actions yourfeelings automatically change. This iswhere many fail in their attempts topractise positive thinking. They stopshort of the final stage which com-pletes the cycle of thinking, feelingand willing–namely, action.

However diligent your affirmingor suggesting, however clear yourvisualising, the vital and constitutivestep, even if at first you flop, is whenyou take the plunge.

The author Edward Kramer tellshow he learned, as a youngman,the power of positive thinking. Hedetermined he would practise it. Hepersistently made his affirmationsand positive visualizations, but some-how never got the results. His self–doubts, feelings of inferiority andinadequacy still tormented him.

One day he thought : “Here am I,professing to believe all these wonder-ful things, yet I constantly feel down-hearted and discouraged. What onearth is wrong ?”

A friend, to whom he confidedhis predicament drew his attention tothe fact that action begets feeling, asJames stated it. Kramer dates thebeginning of his success from thattime.

You are feeling discouraged anddepressed. If you just begin to act asif you were happy, you will tend, in ashort time to feel like that.

You benefit in another way fromacting out your desires in this way.The object of auto-suggestion is to getideas down into our subconsciousmind. Deliberate action is one way toget knowledge rooted in the sub-conscious.

Don’t wait to be pushed intoaction. Don’t wait for the stimulus ofcircumstance or person. Be a self-starter.

Professor A. N. Whitehead says :“We cannot think first and act after-wards. From the moment of birth weare immersed in action, and can onlyfitfully guide it by taking thought.”

Here are a few suggestions whichmay help to put this principle intopractice. They concentrate on action.

If you examine a ship in dock,you notice the small size of the tinyrudder which steers it. It can only doso when the ship is in motion.

You have known the frustrationwhich can come when you fail tospeak in a meeting. You have a goodidea, but you are too timid to voice it.Then someone else steps up and isacclaimed for the very idea you havethought but failed to utter. You feeldeflated. Practise speaking your mind.Speech is the first expression of anidea in action.

You are shy, hesitant and indis-tinct in your speech. Make it a pointon every occasion to say what youhave to say clearly and decisively,

and a good deal louder than you havebeen accustomed to speak.

Don’t procrastinate. “Do it now.”You fail to act because you just

will not make a decision. You are stillthinking it out and the time for actionis gone. Do your thinking and visual-ising, then get right into action.

The psychologist A. H. Maslowrecords his treatment of a very timidwoman who was troubled in this way.He advised her to practise acting atonce in twenty quite trivial butquiet situations.

For example, she was not to goback to the house once she hadstarted on an errand. When she wasshopping, if the shopkeeper tried topersuade her to buy goods other thanshe specified, she was to insist onhaving her own favourite brand ofwhatever she was buying.

She became decisive.Be interested in people. Do not

shrink from having much to do withothers for fear of being hurt orcriticised, determine to be as objectiveand outgoing as you can. Express thegood that you often feel for others,and which you like them to feel foryou.

Be ready to express a sincerecompliment, and learn graciously toreceive one.

Nothing is so interesting as peo-ple. Nothing develops you as muchas human contacts. Make sure youjoin the do-it-yourself club.

One tendency is watching othersinstead of getting into action. It is bestto have a go yourself, whether youperform well or ill. Instead of justlistening to music, why not sing your-self ?

Learn a new language and speakit out even if you make mistakes. Joina class where you will have to speakand not just read.

There are always faults and fail-ures, but there are always some posi-tive points you can score up. Appre-ciate them.

Continued on Page 74

PD/July/2010/67 “It’s not enough that we do our best; sometimes we have to do what’s required.”

⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ Inspiring Youth ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯

“Hardwork and extensive study are the secretsof my success.”

—Shah Faesal

Topper—Civil Services Exam., 2009 (1st Rank)

‘Pratiyogita Darpan’ arranged an exclusive interview with Shah Faesal who has achieved 1st rankin Civil Services Exam., 2009. He is the first Kashmiri boy to top the UPSC Civil Services 2009Examination. He deserves all our admiration and our heartiest congratulations on his splendidsuccess. This important, thought provoking and highly inspiring interview is being presentedhere in its original form.

PD—Achieving top slot in the CSExamination is no small feat; acceptour heartiest congratulations on yoursplendid success.

Faesal—Thank you very much.

PD—Can you recall the exactmoment when you realized theimportance of Civil Services ?

Faesal—I live in a state which isundergoing a turbulent situation andwe do not have the right environmentfor Civil Services. In my medicalcollege once Mr. Abdul Gani Malikvisited and talked about CivilServices and told us that no Kashmirihas made it to IAS since 1994. I took itas a challenge and had inclinationtowards it.

PD—Finally, at what point oftime did you make up your mind tomake career in ‘Civil Services’ ?

Faesal—It was in December 2008,I finally made my mind to appear inCivil Services Examination.

PD—Was there someone whoreally motivated you among toppers ?Any particular success story whichinfluenced your journey to thisresult ?

Faesal—I was inspired by eachand every IAS/IPS officer I saw. I hadbeen listening about IAS and alwayswanted to be one like them.

PD—Was CSE a planned deci-sion or your parent’s wish ?

Faesal—It was a planned deci-sion.

PD—Did you keep in mind sometime frame for the examination pre-paration and number of attempts ?

Faesal—I had a little time tothink on such issues. I was confident

“Pratiyogita Darpan is a good magazine.One of my friends Rafeeq Khan fromAllahabad suggested me to read PratiyogitaDarpan and shared some information fromHindi version. After that I started readingEnglish version. I also made use of IndianEconomy issue for my preparation.”

—Shah Faesal

that my treasure of knowledge isgoing to help me here. I did not listento any theory or rule many candi-dates have about this examination.My rule was to be well prepared.

PD—The first step is the mostdifficult; how to prepare ? Whichoptionals? What to read ? How muchto read? Many such questions cometo your mind when you really getserious about Civil Services Examin-ation ? From where did you get theright advice ?

Faesal—Perception about thisexamination is really challenging.People say it is difficult to crack thisexamination in first attempt. But, I donot understand such justifications.

I interacted with candidates afterPrelims result and I realized that I canachieve success. I came to Delhi andhere developed this confidence that Ican be IAS.

PD—Were you confident of yoursuccess in this examination and howdid you react to this news of yoursuccess ?

Faesal—Yes, I had that confi-dence that I should get a good rank. Itried to give my best and had afeeling that it is going to be a pleasantresult.

Believe me, I really felt goodinitially to become topper. Then, Ithought, it is just a routine and hasbeen happening with somebody everyyear for decades. It was someone elselast year, this year it is me and nextyear, a new name will come in news.

PD—In how many attemptshave you achieved this success ?

Faesal—It was my first attempt.PD—Were you preparing for

other career opportunities as wellwhile preparing for your ultimategoal i.e., Career in Civil Services ?

Faesal—I am a doctor but, incase I had to choose other career, Iwould have picked up journalism.

PD—While the changing eco-nomic environment offers immenselucrative career opportunities invarious sectors, still what kept youmotivated towards Civil Services ?

Faesal—In Kashmir, there is ageneral feeling of getting discrimi-nated. As told you in beginning, Itook this preparation as a challengeand nothing else occupied my mindduring these days.

PD—While making final choicefor optional subject/s, what's impor-tant and what's not ? Share yourthoughts and opinions.

PD/July/2010/68 “Personally I’m always ready to learn, although I do not always like being taught.”

Faesal—I did not consider muchbefore choosing optional subject. Ihad a feeling that if well prepared,success can be achieved with anysubject combination.

I thought, whatever I study, Ishould enjoy. So, selection of subjectwas based on this factor.

I started preparation with PublicAdministration-Geography but, laterchanged it to Public Administrationand Literature of Urdu Languagewithout any reference to whatstatistics show.

PD—What were your optionalsubjects ? Give the basis of selectingthem.

Prelims : Public AdministrationMains : Public Administration

and Literature of Urdu language.

For choosing first optional it wasnever a problem. I had interest and itsrelevance to Civil Services helped meto zero in on this subject.

For second optional, I had beenpreparing for Geography, but, afterPrelims, I realized in July 2009 thatUrdu Literature can be a better bet. Iknew it well that it may be dan-gerous. Still, I took Urdu Literatureand succeed.

What to say for Urdu–I was inlove with the language from thebeginning.

Bio-DataName—Shah Faesal

Father’s Name—Mr. (Late)Ghulam Rasool Shah

Mother’s Name—Mrs .Mubeena Shah

Date of Birth—May 17, 1983

Educational Qualifications—

MBBS—(March 2009) Sher-e-Kashmir Institute of MedicalSciences (Topper)

12th—(2000) J&K State Board(Distinction)

10th—(1998) J&K State Board(Distinction)

PD—What was your approachtowards General Studies and OptionalSubject during Prelims preparation?How much time and effort did youdivide for each?

Faesal—I tried to do justice withboth. Yes, in Prelims, people say, it isgame of optional subjects. But, youhave to have balance in both other-wise General Studies can curtail yourfurther advancement.

Now, with talk of new C-SATexamination pattern, without optionalsubjects; so, for future aspirantsGeneral Studies becomes moreimportant.

PD—How did you manage totackle the ‘Negative Marking’ inPrelims ?

Faesal—My approach wassimple. I had chalked out 3-tierformula for me while attemptingPreliminary examination.

1. 100% sure : Answer imme-diately

2. 75% sure : Attempt educa-tional guess

3. Less sure : I would leave them.

With this strategy I movedforward with my Prelims papers.

PD—In your opinion at whichEducational Level should one startpreparing for Civil Services and whatshould be the minimum period oftime required to prepare for CivilServices Examinations ?

Faesal—For those doing normalgraduation, you can start preparationduring 2nd year and those in profes-sional courses, 3rd year onwards,honest efforts can be considered.

PD—List some of the Magazines,Newspapers, Books etc. which youread for preparation.

Faesal—Prelims : I read Prati-yogita Darpan, The Hindu, Times ofIndia regularly. I trusted text booksand research papers only for mypreparation. I depended on trustedonline reading and sites likeWikipedia were essential part of mypreparation.

PD—What is your opinion regar-ding the general view that Sciencesubjects have better chance to scorethan Humanities?

Faesal—Any subject here is goodand delivers result. If I look atsuccess-rate Medical Science deliversbetter result.

Again as trend shows, humani-ties subjects show big number ofsuccess.

For me it was a balancedsituation for any subject choice. WhyI opted for my optional subjects, Iwas bored of reading medicine andwanted to leave this now, as Irequired to learn something new.

PD—What is the importance ofmedium of examination for examslike CSE?

Faesal—This examination iscreative and role of expression isenormous. When you have to expressyour opinion and ideas languageplays key role to communicate yourthoughts.

You can choose any mediumprovided you have relevant booksand resource material available.

Personal QualitiesFavourite Person—Poet Faiz

Ahmed Faiz

Strong Point—I am humbleand believe in myself.

Weak Point—I trust people tooeasily.

Hobbies—Listen to music,writer, a RTI (Right to Infor-mation) Activist.

PD—Does the educational,financial and demographic status ofthe family of an aspirant have anyimpact on the preparation?

Faesal—Look at my past, I comefrom a small place in turbulent stateand my father was killed by uniden-tified gunmen, I prepared in less thana year that too without coaching, still,I am able to perform well.

Dedication is the keyword. Youcan do anything if you work hard.

PD—According to a recentreport published by reputed surveyagency, PRATIYOGITA DARPAN(Hindi) is the largest read and theonly Career & Competition magazinein top four magazines in India. Howdo you find Pratiyogita Darpan?

Faesal—It is a good magazine. Itell you, one of my friends RafeeqKhan from Allahabad suggested meto read Pratiyogita Darpan andshared some information from Hindiversion. After that I started readingEnglish edition.

PD/July/2010/69 “Success is the ability to go from one failure to another with no loss of enthusiasm.”

I suggest you should work onyour pages more as too much contentis put on a single page.

PD—Please give your commentson the PD Extra Issues Series on'General Studies' and a few OptionalSubjects.

Faesal—I made use of ‘IndianEconomy’ issue for my preparation.

PD—What is the secret of yoursuccess ?

Faesal—Hardwork and exten-sive study. Reading is treasure ofknowledge and prepares you to faceany test in life.

PD—What preference in serviceshave you opted for ?

Faesal—IAS.

MY STRATEGY FOR SUCCESS

FOR PRELIMS

My approach was simple—readas much as possible. I am a net-addictso whatever I read, I tried to go deepand grab all related information.Mine was a multi-dimensionalapproach.

It always happens if you do notread any particular subject for say8-10 days, you forget what you hadread. So, continuing devoting time foreach subject is certainly going to helpyou.

For actual examination, one mustmake up mind that it is going to belengthy paper. And it is to be finishedwithin stipulated time.

I tell you the incident that tookplace on the day I was to write mypaper, my watch stopped. My friendsin Delhi are aware of this. Still, Istarted my paper and finished it 5minutes before the end.

FOR MAINS

My strategy for this examinationwas an integrated approach. Sincebeginning, I had in mind that thewhole examination process is inter-linked. Candidates look at each stageof this examination with different lineof attack and Prelims, Mains andinterview are treated just like

PD—To whom would you like togive the credit for your success ?

Faesal—To my mother, myteachers and friends.

PD—Any suggestion/advice youwould like to give to the futureaspirants.

Faesal—I would like to point outthat Civil Services is not the end ofthe world. Your preparation shouldbe such where if you are not able tomake it to Civil Services, the know-ledge accumulated for preparationshould help you in any sphere of life.‘Expect the best but, be ready for theworst.

jumping from one compartment toanother.

My efforts for Mains Examina-tion were to read and add to thevocabulary of the subjects I ampreparing. Whatever I read, I did notread for the examination, I read formy knowledge. And when you gainknowledge, any paper becomes easyto handle.

I am an avid reader and internetbuff. Anything that I wanted toknow, internet was the key elementto acquire the relevant information. Itried to understand it with allpossible angles. Current Affairs wasnever a problem as I am a columnistand regularly write for local news-paper.

FOR ESSAY PAPER

No special efforts were requiredfor Essay. As I just told you, I amwriting regularly in newspaper so, itis a must to keep myself abreast ofthe latest developments.

For essay, if one is well read andhas command over language, it isvery easy to organize and put yourthoughts in a nice manner.

I could have attempted anytopic. I wrote my essay on ‘GlobalismVs. Nationalism’.

FOR INTERVIEW

Interview is test of personalityand no one can make personalitywithin a few days and even 10 mockscannot help.

I have the personality and knowhow to present me; hence, I thought,it is greatest moment of my life andall I need is to present myself well.

I had no separate preparationexcept 2 mock interviews each atHamdard Study Centre and ZFI(Zakat Foundation of India).

My interview was on 25th Marchin Mr. Purushottam Agarwal’s Board.There were wide ranging questionson Right to information, peace inSouth Asia, Google-China dispute,work and duties of DM etc.

The interview board was cordialand I felt my interview went off well.

Time Management

I had made a plan which coveredGeneral Studies and both my optionalsubjects. I never left touch with any ofmy subjects. P.Darpan

PD/July/2010/70 “The price of greatness is responsibility.”

⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ Inspiring Youth ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯

“Single-minded devotion is the secret of my success.”—Iva Sahay

Topper—Civil Services Exam., 2009 (3rd Rank)

‘Pratiyogita Darpan’ arranged an exclusive interview with Iva Sahay who has been selected inCivil Services Exam., 2009 in her very first attempt and has achieved 3rd rank. She deserves alladmiration and our heartiest congratulations on her splendid success. This important, thoughtprovoking and highly inspiring interview is being presented here in its original form.

PD—Achieving top slot in the CSExamination is no small feat; acceptour heartiest congratulations on yourfantastic performance and splendidsuccess.

Iva—Thank youPD—Can you recall the exact

moment when you realized theimportance of Civil Services?

Iva—Only when I qualified.Before that, for me, it was only a verychallenging exam.

PD—Finally, at what point oftime did you make up your mind tomake career in ‘Civil Services’ ?

Iva—When I was about 4 or 5years of age, my father just men-tioned that I should become an IASofficer. I simply said ‘yes’ neverasking ‘why’. I know I was ascommitted to it then as I was when Iactually filled up the form.

PD—You must have read IASToppers interviews in newspapers/magazines; what inspired you themost ? Any particular success storywhich influenced your journey to thisresult ?

Iva—Yes, that is the best thing todo to get an idea of books, hard workand planning needed etc. In 2008when I started focussed preparation, Iread that Ashima Jain (that year’stopper among women) studied 18hours. I was struck by her dedication.I decided I would not rest till I alsoreach that mark. It was sometimebefore Mains that I was actuallystudying for 18-19 hours, but through-out the preparation at least I triedhard for it.

PD—Was CSE a planned decisionor your parent’s wish ? Had you keptin mind some timeframe, for theexamination preparation and numberof attempts ?

Iva—It was my father’s desirethat I become an IAS officer. But it

“Pratiyogita Darpan is very comprehensive.It is useful for a variety of examinations.The PD Extra Issues Series on GeneralStudies are very well researched and includealmost everything in that subject that isrelevant for competitive exams.”

—Iva Sahay

caught my fancy. It was I whodecided ultimately. I wanted toappear after M.A. and could neverthink of a second attempt as the firstwas sapping all energy from me.

PD—The first step is the mostdifficult; how to prepare ? Whichoptionals ? What to read ? How muchto read ? Many such questions com-prehend your mind when you getreally serious about Civil ServicesExamination ?

From where, did you get the rightadvice ?

Iva—From what the topperssaid. Generally everybody prescribesthe same books, newspapers, maga-zines etc. I have always followedtheir advice though the time mana-gement, general planning were mine.

PD—Were you confident of yoursuccess in this examination and howdid you react to this special news ?

Iva—Yes, more or less thoughthe fear of twist of faith was there.While preparing I kept the 1st rank asmy target. When I stood 3rd, I wasdisappointed at first. But it was asobering reality to know at least 2people were worthier.

PD—In how many attemptshave you achieved this success ? Howdo you visualize your preparation/previous attempts ?

Iva—This was my first attempt.

PD—Were you preparing for

other career opportunities as wellsimultaneously till you achievedyour ultimate goal–Career in CivilServices ?

Iva—No.PD—While the changing econo-

mic environment offers immenselucrative career opportunities acrossvarious sectors, still what kept youmotivated towards Civil Services ?

Iva—This is the only service thatgives you the responsibility as well asauthority to make life easier formillions. I also have interest inRegional Planning.

PD—While making final choicefor optional subject/s, what's impor-tant and what's not ? Share yourthoughts and opinions.

Iva—It is good if they were yoursubjects during graduation. If notthen, one can go through the syllabiand take the one which seemsinteresting and books can be easilyavailable.

PD—What were your optionalsubjects ? Give the basis of selectingthese.

Prelims : Geography.Mains : Geography and Anthro-

pology.I had studied both in graduation,

then did post-graduation in Geo-graphy.

PD/July/2010/71 “There are a terrible lot of lies going around the world, and the worst of it is half of them are true.”

Bio-DataName—Iva Sahay

Father’s Name—Prof. Vijoy S.Sahay

Mother’s Name—Dr. VatsalaSahay

Date of Birth—August 5, 1984Educational Qualifications—M.A.—2006-08, Jawaharlal

Nehru University, Delhi (85%)B.A.—2003-06, Allahabad Uni-

versity (76%)12th—2003, St. Mary’s Con-

vent, Allahabad (ISC Board)(92·2%)

10th—2001, St. Mary’s Con-vent, Allahabad (ICSE) (87·5%)

Previous Selections—JNU andDSE entrances qualified, UGC andCSIR JRFs.

PD—What was your approachtowards General Studies and optionalSubjects during Prelims preparation ?How much time and effort did youdivid for each ?

Iva—Writing notes as it makesrevision easy. 50 : 50 was the timedivided.

PD—How did you manage totackle the ‘Negative Marking’ inPrelims ?

Iva—I didn’t read anythingcasually, and revised many times.During the exam I did not tick when Iwas not sure. I had studied as muchas possible so that I could attemptmaximum questions.

PD—List some of the Magazines,News papers, Books etc. which youread for 'General Studies’ prepara-tion.

Iva—Prelims : The Hindu,Economic Times, India Year Book,NCERT books, PD special issue onIndian Economy, Yojana, ICSE class10th science books. NCERT historyold books of classes 11th and 12thand new books from 6th to 10th. Forother subjects NCERT books of 10th,11th and 12th are OK. D. D. Basu forConstitution.

Mains : The above all + Frontline,Kurukshetra, Datt and Sundaram(Economy), Bipin Chandra (Indepen-dence struggle).

PD—In your opinion at whichEducational Level should one start

preparing for Civil Services and whatshould be the minimum period oftime required to prepare for CivilServices Examinations.

Iva—After Graduation. One yearof focussed preparation is sufficient.

PD—What is your opinionregarding the general view thatScience subjects have better chance toscore than Humanities ?

Iva—No, most of the aspirantstake any of the social sciences asoptional. Even engineers and doctorsshift to Arts subject for it.

PD—What is the importance ofmedium of examination for examslike CSE ?

Iva—Those with English asmedium get more variety of news-papers and magazines, this is myperception, at least.

PD—Does the educational,financial and demographic status ofthe family of an aspirant have anyimpact on the preparation ?

Iva—Yes, sadly it does.

PD—In your opinion what roledo these Competition Magazines playwhen you are preparing for an exami-nation like Civil Services ?

Iva—They play a crucial role,supplementing the newspaper, com-piling important events of the month.Question banks published in theseare also useful.

PD—As per a reputed surveyreport out recently, PRATIYOGITADARPAN (Hindi) is the largest readand the only Career & Competitionmagazine in top 4 magazines in India.How do you find Pratiyogita Darpan ?

Iva—Very comprehensive. It isuseful for a variety of examinations.

MY STRATEGY FOR SUCCESS

FOR MAINS

Here I was particular about theconcepts, not minor details. I readextensively but …for those units werequestions are more likely to be asked,…I did all the topics within thoseunits with extra care. This can beknown by solving previous years’question papers.

Personal QualitiesFavourite Person—My brother

for being soft-spoken and affec-tionate.

Strong Point—Capacity forHardwork.

Weak Point—Always Dissatis-fied

Hobbies—Reading, sketchingvisiting places, listening old Hindimovie songs.

PD—Please give your commentson the PD Extra Issues Series on'General Studies' and a few OptionalSubjects ?

Iva—They are very well resear-ched and include almost everythingin that subject that is relevant forcompetitive exams.

PD—Did you refer to PratiyogitaDarpan-Year Book ? What is youropinion about the contents, size andthe time of publishing?

Iva—No, I had no idea that itwas being published; otherwise Iwould have bought it.

PD—What is the secret of yoursuccess ?

Iva—Single-minded devotion forthe goal.

PD—What preference in serviceshave you opted for ?

Iva—IAS, IFS, IPS and so on.

PD—To whom would you like togive the credit for your success ?

Iva—My Parents.PD—Any suggestion/advice

you would like to give to the futureaspirants.

Iva—Solve question papers,devote at least 1 year for focussedpreparation for civil services.

FOR ESSAY PAPER

I was reading Frontline, TheHindu and EPW regularly for GS+Essay. I wrote on “Are we a softstate” as I have interest in India’sinter-national affairs and history afterindependence.

Continued on Page 74

PD/July/2010/72 “We make a living by what we get, we make a life by what we give.”

⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ Inspiring Youth ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯

“Persistent hardwork in the right direction withconsistency and honesty is the secret of my success.”

—Bhawna Gulati

Topper—U.P. PCS Exam., 2007 (2nd Rank)

‘Pratiyogita Darpan’ arranged an exclusive interview with Bhawna Gulati who has been selectedin U.P. PCS 2007 and has achieved 2nd rank. She deserves all admiration and our heartiestcongratulations on her splendid success. This important, thought provoking and highly inspiringinterview is being presented here in its original form.

PD—Achieving top slot in the CSExamination is no small feat; acceptour heartiest congratulations on yoursplendid success.

Bhawna—Thanks a lot. It hasbeen the consistent support of thefamily and teachers which made meachieve this. Above all the grace ofAlmighty provided me strength tofocus on my goal.

PD—Can you recall the exactmoment when you realized theimportance of Civil Services?

Bhawna—It’s been since gradua-tion that I realised the importance ofCivil Services to national develop-ment and upliftment of poor anddown-trodden.

PD—Finally, at what point oftime did you make up your mind tomake career in ‘Civil Services’ ?

Bhawna—I made up my mind inthe first year of my graduation.

PD—You must have read IASToppers interviews in newspapers/magazines; what inspired you themost ? Any particular success storywhich influenced your journey to thisresult ?

Bhawna—When I used to readthe interview of toppers, I realisedthat they are not made up of adifferent stuff. But they are moredetermined, disciplined and focussedin their efforts.

I was particularly influenced bythe success story of Roopa Mishra—IAS 1st rank (2003).

PD—Was CSE a planned decisionor your parent’s wish ? Did you keepin mind some time frame, for theexamination preparation and numberof attempts ?

“Competitive magazines have an importantrole to play since they present the facts andcurrent affairs in crisp and precise form. Itsaves lot of time of the candidate and alsoarms him with necessary information. ThePD Extra Issues on Indian and Geographyin terms of quality are par Excellence andare must-read for Civil Services aspirants.”

—Bhawna Gulati

Bhawna—Civil Services was aplanned decision of mine. I devoted 1year of services study after mygraduation in 2006. I aspired to crackthe exam in my very first attempt.

PD—The first step is the mostdifficult; how to prepare ? Whichoptionals ? What to read ? How muchto read ? Many such questions cometo your mind when did you really getserious about Civil Services Examina-tion ?

From where, did you get the rightadvice ?

Bhawna—I visited coaching insti-tutes and also contacted successfulcandidates to get the advice on thissubject. But ultimately the aspirantsshould choose only those optionals inwhich they have interest, because theduration of the exam is quite long,and it is necessary to maintain interestin the subject for so long.

PD—Were you confident of yoursuccess in this examination and howdid you react to the news of yoursuccess ?

Bhawna—I was confident ofgetting success in the exam becauseof good performance in mains andinterview. But achieving 2nd rankwas unexpected. I was completelysurprised when I got this news.

PD—In how many attempts

have you achieved this success ? Howdo you visualize your preparation/previous attempts ?

Bhawna—It was my firstattempt.

PD—Were you preparing forother career opportunities as wellwhile preparing for your career inCivil Services ?

Bhawna—No, I concentratedonly on civil services after my gradua-tion.

PD—While the changing econo-mic environment offers immenselucrative career opportunities invarious sectors, still what kept youmotivated towards Civil Services ?

Bhawna—Undoubtedly there arelucrative career opportunities in pri-vate sector, but it was my immensedesire to be a part of the developmentof the nation, and to do something forthe upliftment of the poor and down-trodden, which kept me motivatedtowards Civil Services.

PD—While making final choicefor optional subject/s, what's impor-tant and what's not ? Share yourthoughts and opinions.

Bhawna—It is not necessary tochoose the subjects of graduation as

PD/July/2010/73 “When the eagles are silent, the parrots begin to jabber.”

optionals. But only those subjectsshould be chosen in which the aspi-rant has interest. And any optionalcan fetch good marks, provided oneperforms really well in it.

Bio-DataName—Bhawna Gulati

Father’s Name—HarishChandra Gulati

Mother’s Name—Lata GulatiDate of Birth—8-8-1984Educational Qualifications—B.Sc.—(2006) Navayuga Kanya

Degree College, Lucknow (79·6%)12th—(2002) CBSE Navayuga

Radiance School, Lucknow (85·4%)

10th—(2000) CBSE NavayugaRadiance School, Lucknow (85·2%)

PD—What were your optionalsubjects ? Give the basis of selectingthese.

Prelims : History.Mains : History and Geography.I had Physics, Maths and

Statistics in my graduation. But I didnot choose them because I could notget proper guidance in them. BesidesI thought I may not perform well inthese subjects. So I decided to choosehumanities. In humanities, I had a lotof interest in history and geography.So I chose them.

PD—Did you keep the sameoptional subjects in all your attempts ?

Bhawna—It was my firstattempt. I could clear it with Historyand Geography.

PD—In your opinion at whichEducational Level should one startpreparing for Civil Services and whatshould be the minimum period oftime required to prepare for CivilServices Examinations ?

Bhawna—One should start pre-paring from graduation itself. Andone year of serious study aftergraduation is sufficient to crack theexamination.

PD—What is your opinionregarding the general view thatScience subjects have better chance toscore than Humanities ?

Bhawna—I think all the subjectshave an equally fair chance to scoregood, provided one performs reallywell in that.

PD—What is the importance ofmedium of examination for examslike CSE ?

Bhawna—It is necessary tochoose the medium in which one isable to express well.

PD—Does the educational,financial and demographic status ofthe family of an aspirant have anyimpact on the preparation ?

Bhawna—These have only negli-gible impact on preparation. Aboveall it is the persistent desire of theaspirant and his hardwork whichdecide success or failure in this exam.

PD—In your opinion what roledo these Competition Magazines playwhen you are preparing for an exami-nation like Civil Services ?

Bhawna—These have an impor-tant role to play since these presentthe facts and current affairs in a crispand precise form. It saves a lot of timeof the candidate and also arm himwith necessary information.

PD—According to a recentreport published by a reputed surveyagency, PRATIYOGITA DARPAN(Hindi) is the largest read and theonly Career & Competition magazinein top four magazines in India. Howdo you find Pratiyogita Darpan ?

Bhawna—Although I am not aregular reader of the magazine myfriends read it and they commendedthe magazine for its usefulness forvarious competitive exams.

PD—Please give your commentson the PD Extra Issues Series on'General Studies' and a few OptionalSubjects ?

Bhawna—I went through PDExtra Issue on ‘Indian Economy’ and‘Geography’. I think the quality is parexcellence. Especially ‘Indian Eco-nomy’ issue is a must read for everyCivil Services aspirant.

PD—What is the secret of yoursuccess ?

Bhawna—I had put in persistenthardwork in the right direction, con-sistency, honesty, support of familyand faith in God.

PD—What preference in serviceshave you opted for ?

Bhawna—Deputy Collector,Assistant Commissioner Trade Tax,Trade Tax Officer, Deputy S. P.

Personal Qualities

Favourite Person—My Mother

Strong Point—Hardwork andpositive thinking.

Weak Point—I am quite shy attimes

Hobbies—Playing Chess,teaching, calligraphy, listeningmusic, walking.

PD—To whom would you like togive the credit for your success ?

Bhawna—The credit goes to myparents for constantly supporting me,my brother and sister-in-law, friends,teachers; above all the grace ofAlmighty without which it wouldhave not been possible.

PD—Any suggestion/adviceyou would like to give to the futureaspirants.

Bhawna—Have faith in yourself,work hard in the right directionand be consistent in your efforts.Remembers that—‘Winners don’tdo different things, they do thingsdifferently.’

PD/July/2010/74 “A countryman between two lawyers is like a fish between two cats.”

MY STRATEGY FOR SUCCESS

FOR PRELIMSIt was an integrated preparation

for 1 year of both prelims and mains.But I devoted 2 months beforeprelims, exclusively for its prepara-tion. I concentrated more on myoptional since it carries 300 marks.For General Studies I paid moreattention to history, geography,polity, economics, mental ability andcurrent affairs.

FOR MAINSFor mains it is necessary to focus

on answer writing. So, I practisedanswer writing extensively. Besides Ialso prepared the framework of theanswers which I could not write. It isnecessary to make a good balancebetween knowledge, expression,analysis and layout while writinganswers in mains.

FOR ESSAY PAPERI did not prepare separately for

the essay paper. My first attempt wasin the examination hall itself. But Ifocussed on logical and clear exposi-tion, and included a number of factsand figures in the essay.

In U.P. PCS, we have to write 3essays in 3 hours. One of the topicsin which I wrote was—PoliticalSituations in India’s NeighbouringCountries’.

FOR INTERVIEWFor Interview I concentrated on

my birth place (Lucknow) and mystate (U.P.). Besides I prepared currentaffairs and held discussions with myfriends, family members and teachers.

List of Books :Prelims

Newspaper : The HinduHistory : Dutta, Majumdar,

Raichaudhary; Romila Thapar; SatishChandra; Bipin Chandra.

General Studies : NCERT booksand class notes.

Mains

Newspaper —The HinduHistory : (Same)Geography : Physical Geography :

Savindra Singh; Human Geography :Majid Hussain; World Geography :Majid Hussain; Indian Geography :D. R. Khullar; Oxford Student’s Atlas.

General Studies—Class notes,Spectrum Series and NCERT book.

My interview was on May 12,2010 and the board was of AnilKumar Yadav. The board was veryfriendly and cordial. The interviewlasted for about 25 minutes. Thequestions were asked on my subjectsin graduation; my optionals; socialissues, like domestic violence, genderbias, status of women in India;suggestions for improving status ofwomen; Kashmir issue; naxalism;volcanic eruption in Iceland; histori-cal significance of Andaman andNicobar islands etc.

Time Management

For prelims I devoted more timeto my optional. For mains I devoted65 per cent time to both my optionalsand 35 per cent for General Studies.Besides, in the examination hall, it isnecessary to write fast, recall quicklyand devote equal time to all theanswers in the optional paper. P.Darpan

Continued from Page 66

People play themselves down.They are being modest ! Reverse theprocess and build yourself up tobetter and more constructive action.When you have done something welleven in a small way, appreciate it andgo right ahead.

Some people go around as if theywere carrying half the world on theirback. Their shoulders sag, the cornersof their mouths turn down, their fur-rowed brows and eyes seem to mirrorpain. Is it a wonder they are dull anddepressed ?

If you want to feel confident,stand and walk with shoulders backand head held high. Think of some-thing pleasant so that you relax thosetense facial muscles. This will makeyou look years younger.

You are self-confident.Remember to act out, as a cons-

tant role, the part you really wouldlike to play in life. Keep on with youraffirming. It is important to developthe right self-image. Visualise theaction you should take, make yoursuccess pictures detailed, constantand vivid.

Act out what you want tobecome. P.Darpan

Continued from Page 71

FOR INTERVIEWI prepared my bio-data, espe-

cially questions relating to Hobbywell. I faced Prof. PurshottamAgarwal’s board on March 26. I wasconfident even when I did not knowthe answers to a few questions. Itwent on for 30 to 35 minutes. I wasnot able to answer at least 5 questionsof factual nature. In about 7 to 8I answered reasonably well. Tribalproblems, Khap panchayat verdict,euro 4 norms, GPS, women's reser-vation, Bundelkhand, 5 freedomfighters from South India, India'sforeign policy since independence, onmy hobby book reading, on Mithila(my birthplace), black money, esta-blisment of UPSC, the reason behindthe name Dholpur House, India Gate,captain of women's cricket team, whyIAS as first choice, why so many IASofficers do nothing for Allahabad, thefunctioning of Churu panchayat that Ihad mentioned were the questionsasked. They did a lot of leg pullingand laughed many times at myexpense for example they said thatAllahabad is a very bad city etc. Butthey were very cordial and suppor-tive on the whole. There was onewoman member as well.

List of Books :PrelimsOptional

Savindra Singh, Majjid Hussain(Human Geography, Thought, WorldGeography), Khullar (India), NCERTbooks.

MainsOptional I

Savindra Singh, Tom Garrison(Oceanography, Strahler, Ahrens(Metereology), Majjid Hussain (above +Map Book), Chand and Puri (RegionalPlanning), Khullar were for Geography.Also Spectrum’s compilation for MainsGeography.

Optional II

Ember and Ember, P. Nath (Bio-logical Anthropology), Paul Bohannan,Marwin Harris (Culture, PeopleNature), Weiss and Mann (BiologicalAnthropology), Sahay and Singh (IndianAnthropology), Bhattacharya (Archaeo-logy), Images of Man (Thought).

Time ManagementI never studied any thing for

more than 3 hours at a stretch. Ifthe topic was not completed withinstipulated time, I did that next day.This is important for efficiency con-siderations. P.Darpan

PD/July/2010/75/6 “It is not always the same thing to be a good man and a good citizen.”

Civil Services Examination : Battle Against All Odds

IAS Success Planner-2010IAS Success Planner-2010

—Atul Kapoor

The previous month of May hadbeen full of news relating to CivilService Examination. May 6th thespotlight was on Shah Faesal whotopped the Civil Services Examina-tion 2009 and later, on May 23, thePreliminary Examination 2010 wasconducted.

To start with, based on theresults of the written part of CivilServices (Main) Examination, 2009held in October-November, 2009 andthe interviews for Personality Testheld in March-April, 2010, the CivilServices Examination 2009 result wasannounced. A total of 875 candidateswere recommended for appointmentas per the merit-list. It includes399 General, 273 Other BackwardClasses, 127 Scheduled Castes and 76Scheduled Tribes candidates.

In his very first attempt Dr. ShahFaesal created history by scaling thetop slot (Public Administration andUrdu Literature as optional subjects)in the Civil Services Examination andit was highlighted more as after 16years a Kashmiri had made it to theIAS.

1 25085 Shah Faesal2 70763 Prakash Rajpurohit3 1250 Iva Sahay4 21364 Anupama T. V.5 10462 Anay Dwivedi6 163535 Tanvi Sundriyal7 3708 Saswati Dey8 12651 Garima Mittal9 4936 Jai Prakash Maurya

10 113502 Akhand Pratap Singh

Prakash Rajpurohit from DelhiIIT got second rank with Mathematicsand Electrical Engineering as optionalsubjects.

Topper among women, IvaSahay secured third rank in hermaiden attempt with Geography andAnthropology as optional subjects.

The result includes 680 men and195 women who have been recom-mended for appointment. It is againwomen power reflected in top 10where women have 50% share with3rd, 4th, 6th, 7th and 8th rank.

The other big event of the monthwas Civil Services (Preliminary)Examination 2010 which was stagedon May 23.

Talking of Preliminary Examina-tion, this year General Studies paperhas left most of the candidatesstunned. In past two years, thePreliminary Examination was moreobjective and straight but this year,it is absolutely different based onconcepts and applications which istotally different in nature.

The candidates who follow thetraditional way of preparation andcram facts and figures would be onewho must have found it sickening aswell as shocking.

A glance at the question paperconfirms that it is not possible foranyone who does not follow long-term, planned study of current affairsand contemporary developments todo well.

Arena is Getting PuzzlingOn one side the changing trend

is apparent, on the other hand recentannouncements relating to proposedC SAT examination in place of exist-ing Preliminary examination is amajor development.

Last year UPSC Chairman D. P.Agarwal talked about the comingchanges and reform to be introducedrelating to Civil Services recruitmentand of late, a statement in the LokSabha by State Minister (Ministry ofPersonnel) Prithviraj Chauhan rela-ting to the proposed C SAT in placeof preliminary examination has reallyfuelled the settings.

All Eyes on Short-term GoalsIn the context of the state of

affairs today, Mains Examination 2010has gained significant importanceand a lot of candidates are eyeing thiswith lots of hope. Reason; most ofthe candidates have short-term visioninstead of long-term approach. Asthings are getting little confusing for2011 examination, many acandidates

appeared in 2010 examination withlimited preparation because a feelinghas cropped in among many candi-dates that the strategy based onpresent pattern is known and under-stood so their approach right now is,as if ‘there is no tomorrow’.

Compounding the situation thereis changing trend witnessed inPreliminary Examination.

But, now, this seems to be‘blessing in disguise’ as each passingday is giving some hope to candi-dates as expectations are that thisyear it should see a low cut-off and975 vacancies means bigger numberof candidates who are to write Mains.

Attention Shift TowardsMains Exam. 2010

After the Prelims, now focus isshifting towards Mains Examinationand it is a prudent decision to startpreparing for Mains Examinationnow.

Wait for the Prelims result couldbe damaging as later if you clearPrelims, you will be left with such ashort period that it would be difficultto reach a good preparation level inlimited time.

To ease a little heaviness, we arebringing the analysis based onrecently published UPSC 59thAnnual Report. Agreed, it is talkingabout Civil Services Examination2007, still, it is the only official datawhich can be put to use.

Exam Getting Tougher; Vacan-cies on the Rise

No doubt, Civil Services Exami-nation is a tough examination and iscalled the mother of all examinations.The popularity is increasing day byday and no sign of trend reversal inthe time to come.

May be, it is going to attractmore and more talented people andthose with higher academic back-ground who were talking about thelevel-playing field and need ofsimilar paper for everyone.

PD/July/2010/76 “Evil brings men together.”

Table 1 : Number of Candidates who Applied, Appeared andQualified at the Civil Services (Pre.) Exam., 2007

Number of Candidates

Community Applied Appeared Qualified

Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total

ScheduledCastes 71,789 18,897 90,686 34,745 8,955 43,700 1,284 142 1,426

ScheduledTribes 27,546 7,197 34,743 12,603 3,049 15,652 719 76 795

OtherBackwardClasses 78,103 19,739 97,842 40,159 9,578 49,737 3,233 271 3,504

General 78,905 31,240 1,10,145 37,947 14,433 52,380 3,106 435 3,541Total 2,56,343 77,073 3,33,680* 1,25,454 36,015 1,61,469 8,342 924 9,266

* Community and gender-wise data in respect of 264 candidates, who applied butdid not qualify, are not included in the break-up but included in total.

Civil Services Examination :Top of Mind for Many

As per the current examinationpattern, the Preliminary Examinationis for screening and of qualifyingnature. As reported, in Civil Services(Preliminary) Examination 2007 heldon May 20, 2007, out of 3,30,680applicants only 1,61,469 candidatesappeared in the Prelims.

Out of these only 5.7% i.e., 9,266candidates were declared eligible forappearing in Mains (Written) Exami-nation.

Time to Show Your RealTalent

Finally, 8,886 candidates cameout to sit in Mains Examination out of9,266 selected candidates. Based onthe results of Mains (Written) exami-nation, 1,886 candidates (21%) werecalled for the final stage of this exami-nation Interview (Personality Test).

According to the pattern ofexamination, based on performancein Mains (Written) and Interview,finally 638 candidates were recom-mended for appointment.

Table 2 : Number of Candidates Appeared, Interviewed andRecommended—Civil Services (Mains) Exam., 2007

Number of Candidates

Community Appeared Interviewed Recommended

Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total

ScheduledCastes 1,224 138 1,362 249 46 295 92 17 109

ScheduledTribes 669 71 740 113 22 135 42 11 53

OtherBackwardClasses 3,073 254 3,327 574 80 654 155 35 190

General 3,026 431 3,457 641 158 799 206 80 286Total 7,992 894 8,886 1,577 306 1,883 495 143 638

Planning Necessary as Com-petition Intensifies

If people talk about the MainsExamination a real test, it is no over-statement. Smart candidates see it asan opportunity to score good marksto ensure top place in the merit-list.

The Number of Candidates Appeared, Interviewed and Recom-mended During the Last Five Examinations are shown in Diagram 1.

Besides many reasons, one ispointed out in the following tablewhich suggests the examination get-ting tougher.

The analysis of data for last 5years points towards the fact thatevery year, approx 19%-24% candi-dates appearing in Mains, qualify forInterview stage. In CSE 2006 thisfigure was 19% and for CSE 2007 itstood at 21% which shows thecompetition has intensified in last fewyears.

It is evident from the table abovethat in last 3 years from CSE 2005 to2007 there is a steep increase innumber of candidates in MainsExamination but the final selection isgetting tougher. If we take intoconsideration the number of candi-dates appearing in Mains vis-a-visfinal selection, we find that success-rate from CSE 2003 to CSE-2005 was8-9% which has seen a drop as figures

for CSE 2006 and CSE-2007 stands at6% and 7% respectively.

Candidates with HumanitiesBackground have Better Grip

As it is said, this examinationfavours candidates from Humanitiesbackground; it is going to be repeti-tion of words only. Even a cursorylook at the following table confirmsthis and strengthens the case forhumanities background candidates. Itclearly shows the details of recom-mended candidates by broad streamsof optional subjects opted by them in

PD/July/2010/77 “Misfortune shows those who are not really friends.”

Distribution of Candidates Recommended by Broad Streams of Optional Subjects Chosen by them inthe Last Five Civil Services (Mains) Examination are shown in Diagram 2

the Civil Services (Mains) Examin-ation during 5 years i.e., from CSE2003 to CSE 2007. Shah Faesal (1strank, CSE 2009) in his very firstattempt preferred to pick humanitiessubjects leaving his own (MedicalScience) subject and prepared in lessthan a year still delivered wonderfulresult.

Commenting on this trend,Prakash Rajpurohit (2nd Rank, CSE2009) says that this process definitelyfavours candidates with Humanitiesbackground. He added that although

Muthyala Raju Revu (AIR-1, CSE-06)and Mr. Supreet Singh Gulati (AIR-2,CSE-07) and now in CSE 2009 hesecured 2nd Rank; yet, only withscience or Engineering subjects asoptional is risky combination. Eitherit can take you to top or sometimes itleaves you nowhere.

Possibly, this is the reason whyscience, Medical or Engineeringbackground candidates have verygood success-rate but, most of themachieve success by picking Humani-ties subjects as optional.

Dr. Shah Faesal (AIR-1, CSE-09)from medical background chosePublic Administration and UrduLiterature; Tanvi Sundriyal (AIR-6,CSE-09), an engineer opted forSociology and Public Administrationand Garima Mittal (AIR-08, CSE-09)again a doctor still appeared inexamination with Sociology andPsychology combination. There aremany such incidents which arereflected in the data above as supportthe continuing trend.

Continued on Page 96

PD/July/2010/78 “The gods too are fond of a joke.”

Naxal Movement in India—Arunoday Bajpai

Political Science Article

On May 17, 2010, at least 35people including 24 civilians and 11special police officers were killedwhen Naxals (now also calledMaoists) blew up a private bus usinga powerful Improvised ExplosiveDevice (IED) on Dantewada–SukhnaRoad in Chhattisgarh. On May 16,2010, same Maoists killed 6 peopleincluding the Sarpanch of a villagePanchayat in Rajnandgaon district assuspected police informers. On May8, 2010, Naxals blew up a bullet proofvehicle of Central Reserve PoliceForce (CRPF) by mines killing 7members of police force in Bijapurdistrict. To cap it all, on April 6, 2010,Naxals ambushed of police party ofCRPF in the jungles of Dantewadadistrict of Chhattisgarh. This was amost coordinated and successful op-eration carried out by the Naxalitesagainst the police forces. In thisincident, 76 CRPF personnel werekilled, which demoralised the securityforces involved in the operationagainst the Naxal groups. Thisoperation called, ‘Operation GreenHunt’ was launched by the CentralGovernment to check the menace ofNaxalism in affected areas. Readthese incidents along with the captureof Lalgarh (West Bengal) region inMay 2009. This region emerged asan area close to coming completelyunder the control of Naxalites afterthey threw out the local police. Theregion became increasingly underassault by Maoist guerrillas. The stategovernment of West Bengal, assistedby Central paramilitary forces strovehard to take back Lalgarh fromMaoists control in June 2009. TheMaoist leader in Lalgarh, Kishenjisaid that the mass naxalite movementin Lalgarh in 2009 aimed at creating a‘Liberalised zone’ against the op-pression of the establishment of Leftand its police. He claimed that theMaoists will have an armed move-ment in Calcutta in 2011.

These incidents within a span ofless than one year demonstrate thefollowing facts : first, that naxal

groups in India are well entrenchedin the large affected area of thecountry and are poised to pose aserious challenge to the internalsecurity of the country. They areequipped with improvised explosivedevices (IED) and advanced arms andweaponary. Second, Naxals derivetheir support from the rural poor andtribals, who are the marginalisedgroups in the development process.They also raise the issues which affectthe lives of the poor people. Forexample, Naxals gave a three days’bandh call (April 18, 19, 20, 2010) infive states—Orissa, Bihar, WestBengal, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarhto protest against the centre’s decisionto sell 10% government stake in 10profit-making public sector under-takings including NALCO andhanding over 15,000 acre of land tosteel-making company Posco. In fact,these issues are vital for the poor andtribal people depending on meagreresources. Third, the approach of thegovernment so far has been to treatthis problem as a law and orderproblem. Hence this has been con-sidered a problem of states as thesubject of law and order falls in thejurisdiction of states, although, thecentre has been providing forces andtechnical assistance. As in last two tothree years, the Naxals have spreadtheir activities in both depth andscale, the state police forces provedinadequate to face their challenge. Inthe wake of killing 35 people inDantewada district on April 17, 2010,the Union Home Minister, P. Chi-dambaram reiterated the stand thatthe Naxal problem is a primaryresponsibility of state governments.However, he appealed to oppositionparties to adopt a bipartisan approachto this problem. Bipartisan approachmeans evolving a consensus amongthe ruling and opposition parties todeal with Naxal problem. For last oneyear, since the encirclement ofLalgarh, the Central Government hastaken some initiatives to control theviolence of Naxalites. Prime Minister

Manmohan Singh remarked inSeptember 2009 “that in many ways,left wing extremism poses perhapsthe gravest internal security threatour country faces”. He furtherremarked that the Maoist threat couldnot be treated simply as a law andorder problem. The Central Govern-ment, with the assistance of affectedstate government has launched‘Operation Green Hunt’ to flush outNaxals from their entrenched areas.For this purpose, at present, 58battalions of central forces have beendeployed. However, Operation GreenHunt has not produced the desiredresults. According to the estimates ofthe institute of conflict management,New Delhi, just 294 insurgents werekilled as against 214 insurgents killedin previous year before the launch ofthis operation. Not only this, loss ofsecurity force personnel was 50%more than in that previous year andreached to 312 in 2009.

The reasons for the failure ofgovernment measures are not far toseek. First, in view of the changingstrategy of the central government,far at least two years, Maoists havebeen preparing to face the assault bythe government forces. Thus, theyhave enough time to mine roads inthe affected areas, plan ambushesand prepare traps. Second, the gov-ernment forces are not acquaintedwith the jungles and terrains whereMaoists have control. Neither theyare trained to face the guerrilla tacticsof the Maoists. Thirdly, the statepolice forces are under-manned,poorly trained and ill-equipped andare hard pressed to their lines of com-munication and logistical infrast-ructures. Fourth, Naxals have gainedthe sympathy of local poor peopleand tribals and have been successfulin terrorising people who are sym-pathetic to police forces. Lack ofdevelopment in affected areas haspushed poor and marginalised peopletowards Maoists. A recent study ofthe Planning Commission found thatjust 7·5% of residents of 33 worst

PD/July/2010/79 “The only stable state is the one in which all men are equal before the law.”

Naxal affected districts had access tosafe drinking water; and less than15% had electricity. Thus, years ofinjustice, exploitation, lack of eco-nomic and social development andpoverty have produced conditionswhere extremists and violent groupslike Naxals could gain stronghold.Finally, there is a lack of coordinationand consensus between the state andcentral government on the one handand different political parties andstakeholders on the other to adopt aviable common approach to deal withthe threat of Maoists.

Historical Background ofNaxalism

The genesis of Naxal, Naxalite orNaxalwadi movement in India can belocated within the communist move-ment in India. The Communist Partyof India was founded in 1925 atKanpur during national movement,which was largely inspired by ideasof Karl Marx and Russian Revolutionof 1917. The typical communist ideo-logy believes in establishment ofcommunism or socialism through themeans of revolution. After indepen-dence Communist Party faced thedilemma of reconciling the revolu-tionary path with parliamentarydemocracy. Finally, it opted forparliamentary democratic path toachieve the goal of socialism. How-ever, this did not satisfy all sectionsof activists involved in communistmovement in India. Different lines ofthought and approaches were visiblewithin communist movement in Indiaon account of national experience andinternational events like ChineseRevolution of 1949. The TelanganaMovement (1946-51) was a peasantstruggle launched by communists inIndia. Telangana movement was thefirst serious effort to learn from theChinese revolution. It facilitated thearticulation of three distinct lineswithin the Indian communist move-ment. The first line advocated by thecommunist leader Ranadive and hisfollowers, rejected the significance ofChinese revolution and supportedsimultaneous promotion of demo-cratic and socialist revolution basedon the organization of city-basedworking class. The second line, calledcentrist line, was supported by AjoyGhosh and Dange, which advocatedthe path of parliamentary democracy.

The third line, mainly supportedby Andhra communists advocatedChinese experience and teaching ofMao Zedong. Following the Indo-China war 1962, the CommunistParty of India was split in 1964. Whilethe CPI preached the theory of peace-ful road to non-capitalist develop-ment, the CPI (M) advocated a cen-trist line, however, both supportingparliamentary democracy.

It was in this background ofideological and organisational up-heaval with Indian communist move-ment that Naxalite movement wasborn in India, originally as a peasantstruggle. It was at a remote villagecalled Naxalbari in Siliguri sub-division of Dorjeeling district of WestBengal that on March 2, 1967, a localtribal farmer Bimal Kissan wasdeprived of his land by local land-lords, which led to the origin andspread of peasant rebellion againstlandlords. This incident led to thedeath of one sub-inspector and 15tribals. Naxalite movement derives itsname from the Naxalbari village. Theagitation was led by a section of CPI(M) activists like Charu Mazumdarand Siliguri former leader JangalSanthal. The peasants declared theirreadiness to adopt arm struggle toredistribute land to the landless. Thiswas a birth of a violent Naxalmovement in India. Within a periodof two months, this violent strugglereceived huge support from the cross-sections of communist revoluti-onaries belonging to state units of theCPI (M) in Bihar, West Bengal, Orissa,Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala,Uttar Pradesh and Jammu andKashmir.

Though the government of WestBengal was able to contain thisrebellion within 72 days with re-pressive measures, the revolutionaryelements from CPI (M) units acrossthe country were organised under thebanner of All India CoordinationCommittee of Communist Revoluti-onaries (AICCCR) which was found-ed in May 1968. It laid down the twofundamental principles of Naxalism-allegiance to arm struggle and non-participation in election. There hasbeen a major difference among thevarious sections of Naxalites as tohow to advance the arm struggle.Charu Mazumdar advocated the ideaof ‘annihilation of class enemy’.

which was not accepted by otherleaders such as Kanhai Chatterjee andT. Negi Reddy, as the latter upheldthe view that the ‘annihilation of classenemy’ should be undertaken onlyafter the building-up of the massagitation. However, the majoritysupported the Charu Mazumdar lineand the AICCCR went ahead tofound the parent Naxal organisation-Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) in May 1969, with CharuMazumdar as its General-Secretary.

Charu Mazumdar became themost important leader of Naxalmovement in late 1960s, with theorganisational skills of Kanu Sanyaland Jaghal Santhal. The Naxalmovement spread to different parts ofthe country with the euphoria ofMaoist revolution. However, themovement and its revolutionary zealwere short lived and many of itscadres were either killed or putbehind the bar. The movement wit-nessed confusion, split and disinte-gration after the death of CharuMazumdar in 1972. Kanu Sanyal,later, gave up the path of armedstruggle and accepted the parlia-mentary practice as a form of revolu-tionary activity in 1977. The breakaway faction of CPI (M-L) led byNegi Reddy and Kanhai Chatterjeejoined MCC (Maoist CommunistCentre) in 1969. The MCC was found-ed on Oct. 20, 1969 from its originalgroup ‘Dakshin Desh’ which wasactive in southern parts of thecountry.

Another major faction of CPI(M-L) led by Jauhar (Subrato Datta),Nagbhushan Patnaik and VinodMishra launched a major Naxalinitiative, called ‘course correction’ in1974 and founded a New outfit CPI(M-L) Liberation. This course correc-tion pleaded for limited armedstruggle with more emphasis on masspeasant struggles. Ultimately, the ini-tiative drifted towards the acceptanceof parliamentary practices.

As a reaction to this com-promising line of Naxal, there wasanother split in the movement. InBihar, N. Prasad broke away andfounded CPI (M-L) Unity organi-sation in 1980. In the same year inAndhra Pradesh, KondapalliSeethramiah founded People’s WarGroup (PWG) and its emphasis wason building mass organisation, whilekeeping away from parliamentarypractices. The faction led under the

PD/July/2010/80 “To perceive is to suffer.”

banner of CPI (M-L) was termed asrevisionist. This may be termed as thebeginning of second phase of Naxalmovement in India.

It should be noted that the initialdilemma of Naxalites as to how toachieve the goals of the movementhas persistently plagued the move-ment and led to numerous splits andfragmentations. While major groupsunder the influence of CPI (M-L)drifted towards parliamentary prac-tices, the PWG and MCC rejectedparliamentary democratic form ofgovernment and strove to wagepeople’s war for people’s govern-ment. In 2004, the PWG and MCCcame together to form a new NaxalUmbrella Organisation called CPI(Maoist). At present, this may becalled the third phase of Naxal move-ment, characterised by renewedefforts for unity and intensification ofviolent activities.

In brief, we can claim that thenaxal activism in India is not merely awhimsical reaction but it gainssupport from the poor, tribals andother marginalised sections of Indiansociety. It is a product of poverty,lack of development in equality andexploitation inherent in Indian socio-economic conditions. At present,Naxals have gained sympathy fromurban educated class, certain intell-ectuals and human right activists likeVinayak Sen of Chhattisgarh. Aboutthe urban support base of Naxals, anexpert A. K. Verma, remarks, ”someintellectuals, human right workersand political and media activistsseem to belong to this category. Inother words, no class is being left out.Semi-proliterat, petty bourgeoisie andeven national bourgeoisie are beingprobed for support and collaboration.The success achieved in making suchinroads seemed to suggest that somegrounds for a revolution, howsoever,embryonic, do exist in the country.”Attempts are being made to expandthe support base of the movement, asthe land for the tiller is not the onlyissue at present. In fact, efforts arebeing made to rope in all margi-nalised sections of people includingthe victims of globalization, priva-tisation, unemployment, lay offs,displacement due to major projectsand all those left behind in theprocess of socio-economic develop-

ment. For enlarging their supportbase certain industrial areas and citiessuch as Ahmedabad, Surat, Pune,Mumbai, Calcutta, Ranchi, Dhanbad,Bhilai etc. offer them new oppor-tunities and centres of attraction.

The Present Status of NaxalMovement

As its historical evolutionindicates, the naxal movement inIndia, in last 10 years or so has shownthe tendency of expanding its supportbase as well as intensification ofviolent activities. It has assumed

Major Naxal Groups in India1. CPI (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation—This is the major group founded after the

death of ‘Naxal Guru’ Charu Mazumdar. It was founded in 1974 by leaders likeVinod Mishra and Nagbhushan Patnaik. It had major support base in Bihar. Itfounded its own political platform in 1982, named as Indian People’s Front (IPF).The IPF contested 1989 parliamentary elections and sent First Naxalite Member ofParliament from Ara (Bihar). In 1992, the IPF was disbanded and the CPI (M-L)Liberation itself started functioning as a political party duly recognised by theElection Commission of India. Though the party has espoused the parliamentarydemocratic set up, it has not completely abandoned the path of armed rebellion.However, it is not directly involved in the violent activities.

2. People’s War Group (PWG)—As a reaction to the revisionist and compromisingline of CPI (M-L) Liberation, the PWG was formed in 1980 by KondapalliSeetharamiah, with major support base in Andhra Pradesh. Due to ideologicaldifferences, Seetharamiah was later expelled from the PWG. This naxal groupadvocates that the armed agrarian rebellion is the only path for achieving people’sdemocracy. It considers India as a semi-colonial and semi feudal country withmajor contradiction between the alliance of imperialism, feudalism, andbureaucrat capitalism on the one hand and poor masses of the country on theother. The PWG is the most radical naxal group. It rejects the parliamentarydemocratic system of government and supports people’s war as the only path forbringing about people’s democracy in the country. In 2004, the PWG merged withthe MCC to form a new umbrella organisation named as CPI (Maoist). Thestrategy of protracted people’s war involves liberating the countryside firstthrough areawise serzure of power from government, establishing guerrilla zonesand base areas and then encircling the cities and finally capturing power through-out the country.

3. Maoist Communist Centre (MCC)—It was founded on Oct. 20, 1969 and wasknown as ‘Dakshin Desh’. It assumed the present name of MCC in 1975. The MCCis distinct from other Naxal groups as it was never a part of CPI (M-L) which isconsidered the parent organisation of all naxal groups. The MCC believes inwaging protracted people’s war as shown by Mao Tse Tung. This revolutionarywar is the war of armed people themselves. According to its literature theconcrete economic and political conditions of India demonstrate that armedpeople’s protracted war is the only path for the victory of the new democraticrevolution. In 2003, the MCC merged with the Revolutionary communist Centreof India (RCCI-M) Maoist to form Maoist Communist Centre-India (MCC-I).

4. Communist Party of India (Maoist) CPI (Maoist)—It was formed in 2004 by themerger of two naxal groups-PWG and MCC-I, and became the umbrellaorganisation for all naxal groups in India. It tries to unite all genuine maoistgroups that remain outside the fold of new party. Its first Secretary, Ganpathy,remarked, a unified maoist party based on Marxism-Leninism-Maoism is a longdelayed and highly cherished need of the revolutionary minded and oppressedpeople of the country, including all our ranks and, also all the Maoist forces ofSouth Asia and internationally. The fundamental aim of the CPI (Maoist) is toestablish a compact revolutionary zone, stretching from Nepal to Bihar, AndhraPradesh and beyond. This is known as ‘Red Corridor’. While continuing theirpursuit of a people’s democracy, the ultimate aim of the CPI (Maoist) is to seizepolitical power through protracted armed struggle.

regional and international orien-tation in view of the success ofMaoists in the neighbouring Nepal.This has emboldened Naxal groups inIndia. They are at present wellentrenched in worst affected areasof West Bengal, Chhattisgarh,Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh andOrissa. Their guerrilla tactics hassurprised the security forces. Besidestheir wide support in rural and tribalareas of these states, they have gene-rated certain amount of sympathyamong certain urban educated andintellectual sections.

PD/July/2010/81 “We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence then, is not an act, but a habit.”

Naxalism in India : Important Facts● Naxal movement in India started in March-May 1967 from the Naxalbari village

of Siliguri sub-division of Darjeeling district of West Bengal, as a violent struggleof peasants. The movement was initially led by CPI (M-L) activists like CharuMazumdar, Kanhai Chatterjee and Kanu Sanyal.

● The major Naxal groups in India have been CPI (M-L), MCC, CPI (M-L)Liberation, CPI (M-L) Unity Organisation and PWG (People War Group).In 2004 PWG and MCC joined together to form Communist Party of India(Maoist), which is at present (2010) the umbrella organisation of all Naxalites inIndia. It should be noted that all Naxal groups owe their origin to CPI (M-L)which was formed in 1969 by Charu Mazumdar and others. CPI (M-L) is itself abreak away faction of Communist Party of India (Marxist) or CPI (M).

● Besides violent struggle, the major characteristics of naxal movement in Indiahave been various splits, disintegration and reorganisation and ideologicalconfusion. Many of the groups and leaders have accepted parliamentary path tosocial change, yet others continue to uphold revolutionary ideology.

● The core ideological base of Naxal movement is to organise revolution on thepattern of maoist revolution of China through armed and violent struggle. Theirchief strategy has been to control first the rural and tribal areas and graduallymove towards the encirclement of urban areas and finally capture the politicalauthority. They do not have faith in Parliamentary democracy and peacefulmeans of change. At present, the main Naxal outfit; CPI (Maoist) draws supportand sustenance from the similar groups in Nepal and China.

● The evolution of Naxal movement in India may be divided into three districtphases. The first phase (1967-1980) is characterised by beginning, spread andfragmentation. The second phase (1980-2004) is characterised by consolidationand introspection. The third phase (2004 till date) is characterised by resurgenceand intensified struggle with well organised violent activities.

● According to the estimates of the Home Ministry of Central Government, atpresent, (2010) these are 220 districts in 20 states which are affected by Naxalviolence. However, the most affected states are Orissa, West Bengal, Bihar,Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand and South-Eastern parts of UttarPradesh.

● The area under the control of Naxal groups is known as ‘Red Corridor’, which isabout 92000 sq km spread in Chhattisgarh, Orissa, West Bengal, Jharkhand, andAndhra Pradesh, the worst affected states. According to the estimates of India’sintelligence agency Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), there are 20,000 armedcadres of Naxalites, besides 50,000 regular cadres operating in India. At present,two important Naxal leaders are Kishenji in West Bengal and Ramanna inChhattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh. Kanu Sanyal, committed suicide in 2008 inSiliguri, West Bengal.

● The central government, in cooperation with states launched operation ‘GreenHunt’ in 2009 in which 50,000 personnel of central paramilitary forces aredeployed. The present intensification in Naxal activities is in reaction to thisoperation.

In the summer of 2009, Maoistlargely captured the Lalgarh area ofWest Bengal and posed a seriousthreat to security forces. Last yeargovernment recognised the threatposed by Naxals to the internalsecurity and launched ‘OperationGreen Hunt’ with the deployment of50,000 paramilitary forces. On April6, 2010, the Maoists launched biggestattack in the history of naxal move-ment and killed 76 paramilitaryforces in Dantewada district ofChhattisgarh. Within a few days theykilled 35 people in the same district.Their famous and typical strength liesin ambushing, mining the road andother guerrilla tactics. These incidents

exposed the chinks in the armour ofsecurity forces. On April 17, 2010, theHome Minister of India proposed tohold talks with Naxals if they stopviolence for 72 hours. But naxalleader of Chhattisgarh, Ramannaturned down this proposal and putforward the demand of withdrawalof operation Green Hunt as a pre-condition to hold the talks.

It appears that the response ofthe central and state government isnot adequate to face the challengesof naxals in India. Few years backthe government of Chhattisgarhlaunched ‘Salva Judum’ programmein which people of local community

Extent of Naxal Violence inIndia

As per the statistics given by theMinistry of Home Affairs, the followingare the casualty figures on account ofnaxal violence in India.

Year No. of Deaths

19961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009

15642827036350

100140451500700750650794

1134

As the above figures demonstrate,there is constant rise in the death tollafter the year 2004. In 2010, all indica-tions are that death toll will far surpassthe previous years’ figures. Accordingto BBC, more than 6000 people havedied during last 20 years due to Maoistviolence. According to the Institute ofpeace and conflict studies, Naxal groupshave recruited children in differentcapacity and exposed them to injuryand death.

A major cause of worry is that outof total death toll of 1134 in 2009, only200 naxals died and rest of them areeither security forces or innocentcivilians.

Not only that, due to naxal relatedviolence up to 2009, more than 40,000people have been displaced. Besides thekilling of human beings, Naxals havedestroyed the huge amount of propertyand infrastructure. In 2008, 25 schoolbuildings were destroyed and thatnumber increased to 71 in 2009. In theyear 2008 alone, more than 100 ruralinfrastructure assests like road andculverts were destroyed. They havedestroyed the railway tracks manytimes halting the functioning of rail-ways. In Chhattisgarh alone at least 71state highways had been renderedunusable. Large scale extortion andviolence has scared away the teachers,doctors and administrators jeopardis-ing the development work. Politicalopponents and police informers havebeen killed in the style of terrorists. TheNaxals have used mines and otherexplosive devices and modern weapons.The fear, destruction and violenceunleased by naxals is worse thanterrorists in the affected areas.

Continued on Page 130

PD/July/2010/82 “Every man loves two women; the one is the creation of his imagination and the other is not yet born.”

BureaucracyPublic Administration APublic Administration Articlerticle

—Sanjay Sinha

The term bureaucracy is derivedfrom the French word ‘bureau’ whichmeans a desk. In its etymologicalsense, bureaucracy means simply‘desk government’, or rule by admini-strative officers. However the wordbureaucracy is often used in thenegative or pejorative sense. In thatsense it is taken to be synonymouswith red tape, inefficiency andineffectiveness. Actually it originatedas a technical term referring to aspecific form of social organisationfor administrative purpose. The wordbureaucracy was, in fact, coined byMr. Vincent De Gourney, an eminentFrench economist of 18th century in1745. He observed in a negative sensethat “we have an illness in Francewhich bids fair to play havoc with us;this illness is called ‘bureaumania’.”During the early 19th century its usespread to Germany as ‘burokratic’and then faced its way to Englandand other countries. The FrenchAcademy in 1789, defined bureau-cracy as power, influence of the headsand staff of government bureaux.In 1895 the term bureaucracy isdefined/described systematically inhis book ‘Elements di scienra politica’.This book is translated into Englishas ‘The Ruling Class’ in 1939. Laskiapplied the term bureaucracy fora system of government the controlof which is so completely in thehands of officials that their powerjeopardises the liberties of ordinarycitizens.

Weber’s Theory of Bureau-cracy

Apart from pejorative sensementioned above, bureaucracy meansthe tasks and procedures of admini-stration. It is also used to denote abody of administrative officials. Thesubject was studied by severalscholars, the prominent ones beingMarx, Robert Michels and MaxWebers. The most significant contri-bution to the study of bureaucracyhas, however, been made by MaxWeber. It was Max Weber, a German

Sociologist, who gave the modernconcept of bureaucracy. He neverdefined bureaucracy in derogatorysense. He regarded bureaucracy as auniversal social phenomenon and themeans of carrying ‘community action’over into rationally ordered societalaction. He outlined the characteristicsof the ‘ideal type’ from functionalpoint of view.

Power and AuthorityWeber started with the definition

of power and authority. According tohim, a person could be said to havepower if within a social relationshiphis own will could be enforceddespite resistant. If this power isexercised for the structuring humangroups, it becomes a special case ofpower called ‘Authority’. Authorityor domination is instrumental in theemergence of organisation. The rulesof an organisation are termed‘Administration’ by Weber. The mostimportant aspect of the adminis-tration is that it determines who hasto give commands to whom. Everyform of authority, according toWeber, expresses itself and functionsas administration.

Weber’s most widely andacknowledged contribution to socialsciences has been the formation ofthree pure ideal types of legitimateauthority. Weber classified authorityon the basis of legitimacy, because thetype of obedience, the kind of ad-ministrative system and the ways ofexcercising authority depended on it.

Legitimisation of AuthorityAccording to Weber all authority

has to be legitimised in one of thefollowing ways—

1. Traditional Authority—Tradi-tional authority according to Weber,rests on “an established belief in thesanctity of immemorial traditions andin the legitimacy of the status of thoseexercising authority under them”.The leader in such a system hasauthority by virtue of the status thathe has inherited and the extent of his

authority is fixed by custom. Theruler is obeyed because the traditionsso demanded. The AdministrativeStaff under such an authority systemhas one of the two patterns. They arepatrimonial or feudal. Under thepatrimonial form, officials are per-sonal servants of the ruler and theyowe traditional loyalty to the supremehead, whereas under feudalism, theofficials have much more autonomywith their own sources of income butthey owe a traditional relationship ofloyalty towards the leader. Therefore,this type of authority is based on apopular belief that the person givingthe command is socially accepted todo so. The administrative system inthe domination would consist ofpersonal relatives, servants and per-sonal retainers etc.

2. Chrismatic Authority—Chris-matic authority is based on thepersonal qualities of the leader byvirtue of which he is set apart fromordinary men and treated as endowedwith supernatural, superhuman or atleast specifically exceptional poweror qualities. Among the holders ofChrisma are a prophet, a messiah or apolitical leader. In Weber’s analysis,Chrisma lies in the eyes of thebeholder. It consists of faithfulfollowers or disciples who play therole of intermediaries between therulers and the ruled.

While referring to the adminis-trative system under the chrismaticauthority, Weber observed that insuch a system, there was no separateadministrative staff but only a groupof followers and disciples who weregiven positions in administration onthe basis of their chrismatic qualities.There are no legal rules to govern theadministrative class. Disciples obeythe orders of their leader primarilybecause they perceive in him super-human and supernatural qualities. Ifthe disciples observe a decline orfailure of the chrismatic qualities oftheir master, they might abandonhim, leading to a break in thechrismatic authority system. Under

PD/July/2010/83 “Generosity is giving more than you can, and pride is taking less than you need.”

the chrismatic authority system, valueand socio-cultural belief considerablyinfluence the character of administra-tive staff. Weber’s analysis of chris-matic authority system can help instudying the administrative systemof those countries where chrismaticleaderships are still prevalent.Notably, the chrismatic elements arealmost in every political systemalthough the difference may be indegree.

3. Legal Rational Authority—Itis Weber’s third type of authority,with bureaucracy forming the kernelof the administrative system. Obedi-ence under it is owes to the legal esta-blished impersonal order. Accordingto Weber, the legal rational authoritysystem is the dominant institutionof modern society. This system iscalled ‘rational’ because in it themeans are expressly designed toachieve certain specific ends. It is‘legal’ because authority is exercisedby means of a system of rules andprocedures. Because, there are writtendocuments which are the heart of theprocess. All final decisions are kept inwriting. Although the head under alegal rational authority system mayenjoy authority either on the basis oftradition or chrisma, yet the adminis-trative staff functioning under him ishierarchically organised and is bettertrained than the one we find intraditional or chrismatic authoritysystem.

The administrative staff in a legalrational authority system has beentermed as ‘bureaucracy’ whichaccording to Weber, is the mostefficient form of organisation.

Nature of Bureaucracy

The most rational form ofadministrative staff, according toWeber is ‘monocratic bureaucracy’that is found in a legal rationalauthority system. He has also termedit as ‘pure’ since purely from atechnical point of view, it is capableof attaining the highest degree ofefficiency and thus it is the mostrational known means of exercisingcontrol over human beings.

The characteristics of bureau-cracy, according to Weber are thefollowing—

1. Division of Labour—Thisinvolves a specific sphere of com-

petence which has been marked off asa systematic division of labour. Eachoffice is the primary occupation of theincumbent.

2. Hierarchy—It is the funda-mental characteristic of an ideal typeof bureaucracy. There is a separationbetween super and subordinateoffices. Each lower office is undercontrol and supervision of a higherone. It creates a system of super-subordinate relationship under whicheach office is accountable to hissuperior for his and his subordinate ’saction. In addition there are chancesof promotion and career advance-ment on the basis of seniority andmerit. Lastly, there is a right to appealand of statement of grievances fromthe lower power to the higher.

3. Rules—It operates accordingto a fixed set of detailed written rules.These rules specify the authority,rights and duties of the employeesand the modes of doing work. Theserules are more or less stable andcomprehensive and are applicableuniformly. The object of these rules isto specify proper procedure and toassure regularity in dealing withoutsiders. These rules also seek toensure impersonality and bolsterhierarchical authority.

4. Impersonality— Rewardsshould be based on efficiency ratherthan on nepotism or family connec-tion. The functioning of organisationbased on rational and objectivestandards excludes the interventionof personal considerations, emotionsand prejudices. The unbiasedapproach predictably leads tooptimum efficiency.

5. Written documents—Admi-nistration is based on the writtendocuments and this tends to make theoffice the hub of the modern orga-nisation. The written documents arestored in files, access to which islimited and is frequently a source ofpower. The body of officials andthese records and files make upbureau or office.

6. Selection and recruitment—The officials are selected on the basisof their qualifications, which are sub-stantiated by a diploma or degreegranted by recognised institutions.They are recruited through opencompetitive examination.

7. Career officials—There is acareer structure and promotion forthe officials according to the esta-blished rules and procedures. It isbased on seniority or merit as decidedby the judgement of superior. Thisjudgement is again based on theobjective criteria laid down for theevaluation of the performance.

8. Neutrality and Anonymity—As a corollary of impersonality,neutrality implies absence of bias.Bureaucracy is an instrument whichserves any kind of political regimewithout being aligned to it. It is notintrinsic to any ism-communalism,socialism, capitalism etc. It can existin any society without bias. It iscommitted to work only, not forvalue. The concept of anonymitymeans no government policy isnamed with government official. Theneutrality and anonymity alwayscome in pair. On the basis ofneutrality and anonymity Weberbelieves in ‘balanced polity’.

9. Remuneration—The officialsare paid salary in cash and usuallyhave pension rights. The salary isgraded according to their position inthe hierarchy.

10. Code of conduct—The offi-cials are subject to the unified controland disciplinary system of the orga-nisation. The system is uniformlyapplied to all individual cases. Theofficial can always leave the post andunder certain circumstances can alsobe terminated.

Criticism of BureaucraticTheory

Weber’s ideal type of bureau-cracy appears very attractive andefficient. However, it has not beenfound to be so in actual practice.Actual bureaucracies suffer from anumber of deficiencies such as, redtape, inefficiency, inflexibility, lack ofresponsiveness etc. Some of theimportant criticism levelled againstWeber’s bureaucratic theory is asfollows—

1. According to Robert K.Menton, the precision, reliability andefficiency of bureaucracy is a myth.To achieve these virtues, the bureau-cracy indulges in the formulation ofvarious rules, regulations and pro-cedures which bind them in knots. So

Continued on Page 87

PD/July/2010/84 “God made Truth with many doors to welcome every believer who knocks on them.”

Carbon Tax or Cap and Trade (C&T) : Alter-native Mechanisms of Emission Control

Environmental AEnvironmental Articlerticle

—Dr. Shrawan Kumar Singh

The interconnections among thesocial, economic and environmentalspheres have been internationallyrecognized as a crucial aspect to beaddressed for the future well being ofhumanity through the concept ofsustainable development. Under theparadigm of sustainable develop-ment, ecological economics places thehuman socio-economic system as asubsystem under the broader life-supporting environment of which it isdependent. This, by placing the‘economic subsystem’ in its properperspective and understanding itsinterconnections with the entiresystem, represents a fundamentalstep for achieving long term sustain-ability. In order to address that,monetary values are assigned toecosystem goods and services in anattempt to incorporate them into economicaccounting. By bringing the role of theenvironment to the monetary dimen-sion operating in the economicsystem, valuation can represent animportant tool for decision-making inthe policy level. The values associatedwith the environment come in a non-market form.

The regulations for climatechange, concretized by the KyotoProtocol, have created a demand forcarbon offsets. Although economicvaluation of environmental goodsand services attempts to give a morerealistic picture of the role of the en-vironment, it has limitations in goingall the way in avoiding environ-mental degradation, if such valuesare not traded in the market. The useof market mechanisms is not in itself asafe solution for environmental problems.It is an instrument that should beused with caution to avoid divertingenvironmental policies and regimesfrom its original goals, as well as therisk that markets stop being a meansto become an end in themselves.

Future Mechanism of Emis-sion Control

Standard-based regulations andpublic investment are superior toeither carbon taxes or cap-and-trade(C&T). But we need some form of carbonpricing to reinforce public action, and acarbon tax is superior to carbon trading.The main policy advantage cap-and-trade offers over a carbon tax iscertainty. Ceilings on emissions arefixed under cap-and trade regime.They claim that it is better to fix theceiling on emissions and let the pricevary than to fix the price and hope itproduces the reduction. The politicaladvantage no longer comes from notbeing a carbon tax, but from notbeing called a carbon tax. “A well-designed C&T system is preferable toa well-designed tax. A cap-and-tradeprovides ‘certainty’ via an auto-maticescalator. Creating a carbon tradingsector, creates an entire subset of thefinancial sector opposed to fastemissions reductions. It is true that anabsolutely perfect cap-and-tax proposal (acombination of a cap on carbonemission and a tax on its productionor consumption) is superior to either acarbon tax or a cap-and-trade alone. Butone is not likely to get a perfectsystem. The best one can hope for is agood system, or may be a mediocresystem. A good cap-and-trade willhave 100 per cent auctioning ofpermits-no offsets, no escape clause,expiration dates for permits, and maybe a very low floor. It may auctionquarterly, but is unlikely to haverestrictions on resale. That means oneends up with a lot of volatility and alarge carbon trading secotr that willjoin the carbon lobby to try andweaken the first iteration of captightening. A good carbon tax will haveboth scheduled escalation and specialescalation when emissions drop moreslowly than intended.

So while a perfect cap-and-taxsystem is betterr than either cap-and-

trade or carbon tax alone, a decentcarbon tax is simpler and moreworkable than a decent cap-and-trade. A mediocre carbon tax isdefinitely preferable to a mediocrecap-and-trade. Public investment andregulation are more important any-way.

But before the word ‘tax’ sets offalarm bells, consider the effect ofcombusted fossil fuels on theenvironment. They cause ground-level ozone, acid rain, global climatechange and a myriad of otherproblems. While cap-and-trade seemsto have won over most politicians,many economists and consumers prefercarbon tax for its simplicity andimpartiality.

The Logistics of Carbon TaxThe carbon content of oil, coal

and gas varies. Proponents of acarbon tax want to encourage the useof efficient fuels. If all fuel types weretaxed equally by weight or volume,there would be no incentive to usecleaner sources like natural gas overdirtier, cheaper ones like coal. Tofairly reflect carbon content, the taxhas to be based on Btu heat units—something standardized and quanti-fiable—instead of unrelated units likeweight or volume.

The Price is RightBecause the carbon content of

fuel varies, certain fuels should betaxed at a higher rate. The Carbon TaxCentre, a group that supports theadoption of a national carbon tax inthe United States, determined thefollowing theoretical rates. Theyassumed a tax of $ 50 per ton ofcarbon (not CO2) emitted, determinedthe heat content of several majorfuels, and created a hypothetical priceper million Btu of fuel. The higher theprice, the dirtier the fuel.

Each fuel variety also has its owncarbon content. Bituminous coal, for

PD/July/2010/85 “If indeed you must be candid, be candid beautifully.”

Some Important Terms(1) Adaptation—Refers to actions required to cope with the changes being brought about by global warming. For example,

introducing a new variety of crop that can withstand, or give a better yield, in higher temperatures is an adaptation process. Whoshall pay how much for cutting emissions. India would cut carbon intensity—the amount of CO2 emitted for each unit of GDP—by20-25 per cent between 2005-2020. This is not too impressive if one considers that our carbon intensity anyway declined by 17·6 percent over the previous 15 years, or that China has announced a 40-45 per cent target. The government moving on multiple frontsincluded improved energy efficiency certificates for industries, mandatory fuel efficiency standards, an ambitious solar powerprogramme, green building codes, regular updates on the forest cover that absorbs 10 per cent of India’s greenhouse emissions andaccelerated adoption of green coal technology.

(2) Carbon emission trading—This is a form of emissions trading specifically and currently makes up the bulk of emissionstrading. It is one of the ways countries can meet their obligations under the Kyoto Protocol to reduce carbon emissions and therebymitigate global warming. Carbon credits came into existence as a result of increasing awareness of the need for controlling carbonemissions. Carbon trading is an application of an emission trading approach with two distinct types of carbon credits—CarbonOffset Credits (COCs) and Carbon Reduction Credits (CRCs). A credit is an emission allowance which was originally allocated orauctioned by the national administrators or a cap-and-trade programme or it is an offset of emissions. The Kyoto Protocol providesthree mechanisms : (i) Joint implementation, (ii) Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) & (iii) International Emission Trading(IET), that enable countries or operators in developed countries to acquire greenhouse gas reduction credits termed as CarbonEmission Reductions (CERs). For trading purposes, one allowance or CER is considered equivalent to one metric tonne of CO2emissions.

(3) Carbon intensity—The amount of carbon dioxide emitted for each unit of gross domestic product (GDP). Energy intensityis the amount of energy used for each unit of GDP. India’s energy intensity has been on a declining trajectory, as befits a services-driven economy. From 0·12 Kgoe (kg of oil equivalent) per dollar of GDP at purchasing power parity in 2003, its energy intensityhas fallen to 0·09 kgoe. Meanwhile, government officials and experts remain divided on whether India should focus on carbonintensity or energy intensity. Its current stance emphasizes the latter.

(4) Carbon Sequestration—Carbon sequestration is a technique used to combat global warming by storing carbon dioxideand other forms of carbon on a long term basis. This method has been proposed to mitigate the effect of greenhouse gases releasedwith the burning of fossil fuels.

(5) Carbon Tax—The International Energy Agency (IEA) is trying to put a price on global warming. By focusing on pricerather than quota systems, the IEA may help shift global warming policies towards market-friendly carbon taxes and away fromdistorting cap-and-trade systems. As well as being a market-friendly way to tackle climate change, taxes would also provide much-needed government revenues.

(6) Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)—CDM is a well defined mechanism under Kyoto protocol. It implies the use offuel efficient plants and projects. India is implementing approved CDM projects for the purposes of trading Certified EmissionReductions (CERs). While the nodal agency in implementation of CDM projects in India is the Ministry of Environment andForests, it is estimated that approximately 300-odd CDM projects are either implemented or under consideration all over thecountry. India’s carbon credits’ trading is expected to reach $ 100 billion by 2010. Carbon credit trading in India was introducedwith the Multi Commodity Exchange of India Ltd. (MCX) after entering into an alliance with the Chicago Climate Exchange in2005. This association has integrated Indian markets with their global counterparts to cover risks associated with future trading ofcarbon credits and ensuring best prices. CDM projects in manufacturing, energy, agriculture, mining and mineral productionwould provide a boost to the Indian economy.

(7) Climate Change—Climate change refers to changes in the concentration of the greenhouse gases (water vapour, carbondioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons), which trap infrared radiation from the Earth’s surface, heating it, muchlike a normal greenhouse. This is called the greenhouse effect. This effect is a natural phenomenon, which helps maintain a stabletemperature and climate on the Earth, essential for life. However, this balance is precarious. An increase in infrared radiationcaptured by the atmosphere has caused changes in the air temperature, precipitation patterns, sea-level rise, and melting ofglaciers. Climate change refers to a statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or its variability,persisting for an extended period (typically decades or longer). For instance, the sea levels are rising and agriculture is beingimpacted apart from other extreme events. Shifting weather patterns can threaten food production while rising sea levels cancontaminate coastal freshwater reserves and increase the risk of catastrophic flooding. A warming atmosphere could aid the pole-ward spread of pests and diseases once limited to the tropics. Ice and rock avalanches in mountains and changes in some Arcticand Antarctic flora and fauna, including sea-ice biomass and predators high in the food chain are some other effects.

(8) IPCC—The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a scientific inter-governmental body that is meant toevaluate the risk of climate change caused by human activity. The panel was established in 1988 by the two United Nationsorganisations, the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). TheIPCC does not carry out its own research, nor does it do the work of monitoring climate or related phenomena itself. It, however,published special reports on climate change, its effects, what can be done about it, and the like. The IPCC bases its assessmentmainly on papers reviewed and published scientific literature.

(9) Kyoto Protocol—The Kyoto Protocol is a code to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC or FCCC), aimed at combating global warming. It was adopted on December 11, 1997 in Kyoto, Japan and put into force

PD/July/2010/86 “If you cannot work with love but only with distaste, it is better that you should leave your work.”

on February 16, 2005. As of November 2009, 187 states have signed and ratified the protocol. The most notable non-member of theprotocol is the US, which was responsible for 36·1 per cent of the 1990 emission levels. Under the Protocol, 37 industrialisedcountries commit themselves to a reduction of four greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulphurhexafluoride) and two groups of gases (hydrofluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons) produced by them, and all member countriesgive general commitments. Annex I countries agreed to reduce their collective greenhouse gas emissions by 5·2 per cent from the1990 level. India signed and ratified the Protocol in August, 2002. Since India is exempted from the framework of the treaty, it isexpected to gain from the protocol in terms of transfer of technology and related foreign investments.

(10) Legally-binding cuts—The Kyoto Protocol is an amendment to the United Nations Framework Convention on ClimateChange (UNFCCC), an international treaty intended to bring countries together to reduce global warming and to cope with theeffects of temperature increases that are unavoidable after 150 years of industrialisation. The provisions of the Kyoto Protocol arelegally binding on the ratifying nations, and stronger than those of the UNFCCC.

A good policy framework would include some regulation in areas where the market doesn’t work well, such as the energy-efficiency of buildings and appliances. It would include a modicum of subsidy, on research into technologies that are still a longway from being marketable, such as carbon capture and storage. But it would rely largely on by far the most efficient tool in thepolicymaker’s kit—a carbon price. A carbon price sends business a price signal to invest in clean stuff not dirty stuff. It doesn’tinvolve micromanaging business, which regulations do. It doesn’t impose a burden on taxpayers, or require governments to pickwinners, which subsidies do. It is, according to an American study, twice as efficient as any other policy.

(11) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change—The UNFCCC process started in response to scientificconcerns. But at the political level, the earliest demands for strong action came at the Commonwealth Summit of 1988 and later inthe United Nations from the then presidents of Bangladesh and Maldives; both countries being very vulnerable to climate change.When the negotiations started, the high salience of this issue for these vulnerable countries led to the formation of the Associationof Small Island States, which became a formal part of the process.

instance, contains considerably morecarbon than lignite coal. Residual fueloil contains more carbon thangasoline. Every fuel variety needs tohave its own rate based on its Btuheat content.

Arguments for and againstCarbon/Tax

So, what good is a tax on carbon ?(i) Carbon tax is a form of pollution tax.It levies a fee on the production,distribution or use of fossil fuels based onhow much carbon their combustion emits.The government sets a price per tonon carbon, then translates it into a taxon electricity, natural gas or oil.Because the tax makes using dirtyfuels more expensive, it encouragesutilities, businesses and individualsto reduce consumption and increaseenergy efficiency. (ii) Carbon tax alsomakes alternative energy more cost-competitive with cheaper, pollutingfuels like coal, natural gas and oil. (iii)Carbon tax is based on the economicprinciple of negative externalities.Externalities are costs or benefitsgenerated by the production of goodsand services. Negative externalities arecosts that are not paid for. Whenutilities, businesses or homeownersconsume fossil fuels, they createpollution that has a societal cost;everyone suffers from the effects ofpollution. Proponents of a carbon taxbelieve that the price of fossil fuelsshould account for these social costs.More simply put—if one is polluting

to everyone else’s detriment, oneshould have to pay for it.

The primary purpose of carbontax is to lower greenhouse-gasemissions. The tax charges a fee onfossil based on how much carbonthey emit when burned. So in orderto reduce the fees, utilities, businessand individuals attempt to use lessenergy derived from fossil fuels. Anindividual might switch over topublic transportation and replaceincandescent bulbs with compactfluorescent lamps (CFLs). A businessmight increase energy efficiency byinstalling new appliances or updatingheating and cooling systems. A utilitycompany might use wet scrubbers,low NOx-burners or gasification toreduce their emissions. (iv) Sincecarbon tax sets a definite price oncarbon, there is a guaranteed returnon expensive efficiency investments.

A tax on carbon would increasethe cost-competitiveness of alter-native power. Carbon tax alsoencourages alternative energy bymaking it cost-competitive withcheaper fuels. A tax on a plentifuland inexpensive fuel like coal raisesits per British Thermal Unit (BTU)price to one comparable with cleanerforms of power. A BTU is a standardmeasure of heat energy used inindustry. One BTU is the energynecessary to raise the temperature ofone pound of water by one degreeFahrenheit. (v) The money raised by

the tax can help subsidize environ-mental programms or be issued as arebate. Many fans of carbon taxbelieve in progressive tax-shifting.This would mean that some of the taxburden would shift away fromfederal income tax and state sales tax.(vi) Economists like carbon tax for itspredictability. The price of carbonunder cap-and-trade schemes canfluctuate with weather and changingeconomic conditions. This is becausecap-and-trade schemes set a definitelimit on emissions, not a definiteprice on carbon. Carbon tax is stable.Businesses and utilities would knowthe price of carbon and where it washeaded. They could then invest inalternative energy and increasedenergy efficiency based on thatknowledge. It’s also easier for peopleto understand carbon tax.

Carbon tax seems straight-forward enough, but how is the rateactually determined ? At what point isthe tax levied ?

Carbon tax can be levied at differentpoints of production and consumption.Some taxes target the top of thesupply chain—the transaction bet-ween producers like coal mines andoil wellheads and suppliers like coalshippers and oil refiners. Some taxesaffect distributors—the oil companiesand utilities. And other taxes chargeconsumers directly through electricbills. Different carbon taxes, both real

PD/July/2010/87

and theoretical, support varying points ofimplementation.

The only carbon tax in the UnitedStates, a municipal tax in Boulder,Colo, taxes the consumers—homeow-ners and businesses. Like Boulder,Sweden also taxes the consumptionend. The national carbon tax chargeshomeowners a full rate and halves itfor industry. Utilities are not charged atall. Since the majority of Swedishpower consumption goes to heat, andbecause the tax exempts renewableenergy sources like those derivedfrom plants, the biofuel industry hasblossomed since 1991. Quebec starteda tax on petroleum, natural gas andcoal in October 2007. Instead oftaxing consumers, Quebec taxes themiddlemen—energy and oil com-panies. Even though the tax istowards the top end, companies can,and probably will, pass on some ofthe cost to consumers by chargingmore for energy.

It’s easier to tax consumptionthan production. Consumers aremore willing to pay the extra for acarbon tax. Producers are usually not.Taxes on production can also beeconomically disruptive and makedomestic energy more expensive thanforeign imports. That’s why existingcarbon taxes target consumers, or, inthe case of Quebec, energy and oilcompanies.

Carbon tax has a patchy historyin the United States and around theworld. It’s widely accepted only inNorthern Europe—Denmark,Finland, the Netherlands, Norway,Poland and Sweden, all tax carbon insome form. Few legislators aroundthe world consider national carbontaxes as practical successors for theKyoto Protocol, a multinational carbonmarket. Kyoto expires in 2012, but itsexample, as well as that of voluntarycap-and-trade programs like theChicago Climate Exchange (CCX),has made capped programs the norm.The United States even has successfulcap-and-trade program on sulphurdioxide emissions.

The main difference between acarbon tax and emissions trading is thata tax gives certainty about the price of

carbon whereas emissions trading givescertainty about the quantity of carbondioxide being emitted. Economistsargue that while fluctuations incarbon emissions don’t matter greatlyto the environment as long as theydecrease in the long term, fluctua-tions in the carbon price can causeeconomic disruption and make itmore difficult to undertake theinvestment required to make thetransition to a low-carbon economy.Business representatives prefer a carbontax because it would be less volatile thana price set by emissions trading withits possible speculation activity. So ifa carbon tax is so much better, whyare governments pressing ahead withemissions trading. The reason to get(emissions) quotas rather than a tax isthat it allows the government toquietly give away all the rights to thepolluters. And the industries arepowerful lobbyists. With the quotasystem (governments) can give(polluters) trillions of dollars underthe table that with a (carbon) taxsystem would be difficult to do.Introducing a carbon tax doesn’tmean to raise taxes overall andsetting a price on carbon rather thannegotiating on emissions quotascould be a circuit-breaker.

Policymakers around the worldhave mostly resisted carbon taxes inthe past. A carbon tax is no moreeconomically damaging than mostother forms of tax, and probably lessso than restrictive tariffs or punitiveincome tax rates. A globally-agreed$ 50 a tonne carbon tax would raise$ 1·4 trillion annually. Once instituted,it could be increased if global warm-ing alarm escalated, or eliminated ifit diminished. Carbon taxes couldthereby kill two birds with onestone—and with precious littlebureaucracy. P.Darpan

Continued from Page 83

much so that the bureaucrats takethese rules and regulations to be anend in themselves. This phenomenonof taking the rules and procedures tobe the purpose of administrationleads to rigidity. Herton named thisphenomenon as ‘goal displacement’where ‘an instrumental value’becomes ‘a terminal value’.

2. Veblan says the training ofbureaucracy proved inadequate forchanging situations. Bureaucrats whoare trained in doing some specifictask find it difficult to undertake newtasks as and when they arise. Theproblem becomes more acute whenthe need for change arises after anofficial has performed the same kindof job over a long period of time.

3. Elton Mayo, the leader ofHuman Relations movement con-demned bureaucratic model of admi-nistration for taking a mechanisticview of man. According to himbureaucratic model does not considerbehavioural aspects of the peopleworking within the organisation.HRTs have challenged the assump-tions of bureaucratic theory. Theyhave argued that human beings areincapable of acting like machines.They have feelings, emotions.

4. According to Riggs there islack of empirical approach and lackof universal validity of Weberianmodel. Riggs has drawn attention tointeraction between Administrationand environment within its func-tioning. So, we cannot understand itsreal nature without interaction withits ecology. The Weberian model ofbureaucracy is a product of deve-loped nations of West, it does notsuit the requirement of developingnations of Asia, Africa and Middle-East.

5. Goal displacement, rules andregulations and rigidity lead to redtape with the functioning of orga-nisational behaviour. It creates delay.

6. In Weber’s analysis of a ‘fullydeveloped’ bureaucracy it is difficultto escape the conclusion that themore developed a bureaucracy is, theless, ‘responsible’, it would be.

7. Weber’s bureaucratic model, inits entirety, is not found to beoperating in any of the contemporarysocieties. It is largely on account ofthe fact that there does not exist anyideal typical legal rational authoritysystem in empirical reality. We find, amixture of authority system func-tioning in various countries of theworld today. P.Darpan

PD/July/2010/88 “It is well to give when asked, but it is better to give unasked, through understanding.”

Strategic Triangle of Russia-China-India :A Potential Axis of Power

International RelationInternational Relations s ArticleArticle

—Dr. Amresh Chandra

The notion of a ‘StrategicTriangle’ comprising Russia, Chinaand India was used by the formerPremier of Russia Mr. Primakov,when he visited India in 1999.Vladivostok Trilateral Meet (2 June2005) and Beijing conference (16th to17th June 2005) and various trilateral(ninth trilateral meeting held on 28October, 2009 in Bangalore) andbilateral summits and meetings ofother levels have furthered theprocess of crystallization of thepotential triangularity of thesepowers. The three emerging econo-mies, that together comprise 20% ofthe global landmass and represent39% of the global population, holdgreat strategic potentiality at regionaland global levels. The idea of a“strategic triangle’ took a tangibleform when the foreign ministers ofRussia, China, and India—IgorIvanov, Tang Jiaxuan, and YashwantSinha–met on the margins of theUnited Nations General Assembly inNew York in September 2002. Despitethe fact that nothing concrete emer-ged out of that meeting, it represen-ted the first major attempt by thethree nations to deliberate on worldaffairs, and has now become a regularfeature of interactions among thethree states. The emergence of such atriangle, if and whenever it takesplace, would alter the global strategicbalance in a strikingly significantmanner.

Russia has an extremely impor-tant role in this process. Russia’s lossof power and influence on the worldscene has been a major cause ofconcern for virtually all of Russia’sleaders. There has been a growingand pervasive feeling in Russia that ithas surrendered its once powerfulposition on the world stage for aposition of little international influ-ence and respect. It is in this respectthat Russia has been trying toestablish itself as the hub of twobilateral security partnerships that

can be used to counteract U.S. powerand influence in areas of mutualconcern. While Russia has witnesseda downward slide in its status as asuperpower in the last decade, Chinais a rising power that sees the USA asthe greatest obstacle it faces, if it isto achieve a pre-eminent position inthe global political hierarchy. As aconsequence, China recognizes theimportance of cooperating withRussia to check US expansionism inthe world, even if only in the shortterm. In fact, Kenneth Waltz has goneas far as to argue that ‘wrong’ USpolicies towards Russia and Chinaare moving these two states closer toeach other and might even lead to theformation of a new balance of poweragainst the USA. India, on the otherhand, has different considerations, asit is still far from becoming a globalpower of any reckoning. However,India has always tried to voice theconcerns of the so-called ThirdWorld, strongly arguing for respect-ing the sovereignty of all countriesand opposing the use of force ininternational politics. Growing con-cern that the USA is becoming toopowerful and unilateral, and that aunipolar US dominated world is notin the best interests of weaker stateslike India, might make the idea of a‘strategic triangle’ attractive for India.

Dynamics of all the ThreeFronts of the Triad

Sino-Indo Front—In spite ofimmense potentiality their relation-ship did not develop properly. India’sfaith on China and brotherhoodfeeling shattered in 1962. Nehru’sidealism did not match Mao’s realism.Nehru’s morality approach to solvethe problems facing the country andworld as a whole had little meaningfor Mao/Zhou. Despite this hiatus inthe approaches, they moved on andcontributed a lot to each other and tothe world. There is immense poten-tiality for both countries to converge

and improve their relationship. Theproposed triangle of Russia-China-India certainly would provide idealplatform to both these countries toforge a viable relationship.

The post liberation history ofChina-Indian relation has been that offriendship, setbacks and norma-lization. India was the first country innon-communist bloc to recognizeChina and hence established diplo-matic relations in 1950. Both countriesin their initial years of tie expressedcommon concern and understandingon major international issues. Theytried to cooperate and coordinate onvarious diplomatic fronts. However,relationship was never unimpeach-able. It was cordial between 1949-59,hostile thereafter, until the war in1962 and has struggled to remainbarely correct since then. The 1970’swere characterized by a few falteringefforts to restore a modicum ofrelationship, the 1980’s saw theestablishment of a regular inter-governmental contacts, these havebegun to bear fruit in the 1990’s inthe form of Confidence BuildingMeasures (CBMs).

Indo-Sino relations took a majorforward step, when Rajeev Gandhivisited China in 1988. In the last threedecades it was the first visit by thehead of government from either side.Deng Xiaoping the then Chairman ofChina’s Central Military Commissionin a meeting with Indian PrimeMinister Rajeev Gandhi remarked,“Let us forget the unpleasant phase inour past relations and do everythingwith an eye on the future”. On areturn visit to India in 1991, ChinesePrime Minister Le Peng said, “Iconsider his visit as a wise and boldstep, I profoundly cherish hismemories”. Boosting the visit of LiPeng, the Peoples Daily called amilestone in the development of Sino-Indian relations.

PD/July/2010/89 “Out of suffering have emerged the strongest souls; the most massive characters are seared with scars.”

Jiang Zamin, the then ChinesePresident who visited India in 1996remarked. “though we still havesome outstanding problems leftoverfrom history but I can say for surethat our common interests far out-weigh our differences as neither of usposes a threat to the other”. Duringhis visit many agreements weresigned covering various issues, like-checking drug trafficking, efforts onConfidence Building Measures(CBMS), improving maritime trans-port etc. But the most significant partof the agreement was contained inthis agreement—“neither side shalluse its military capabilities againstthe other side.” This was like “avirtual no war pact.”

Events since 1991 have createdfavourable condition for Sino-Indianrelations. Collapse of Soviet Union,international terrorism, rampantAmerican diplomacy in the unipolarworld, could provide common plat-form to both the countries to con-verge in and to strengthen their ties.The two sides recalled the historicaldepth of their friendly contact. Indiaand China are the two largest deve-loping countries of the world withcenturies-old civilization, uniquehistory and similar objectives. Bothnoted that the sustained economicand social development in the twocountries, representing one third ofhumanity is vital for ensuring peace,stability and prosperity not only inAsia but also in the whole world.”Their friendship and cooperationmeets the need to :● promote the socio-economic

development and prosperity ofboth India and China;

● maintain peace and stabilityregionally and globally

● strengthen multiplicity at theinternational level and

● enhance the positive factors ofglobalization.Exchanging greetings on the

occasion of the 50th anniversary ofthe ‘Panchsheel’, the then IndianPresident A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, thePrime Minister Manmohan Singh,and their Chinese counterparts, HuJintao and Wen Jiabao, noted that thefive point principles had promotedaspirations in the two countries to co-exist and prosper in peace andharmony. Both reiterated their strong

desire to strengthen bilateral ties—India said, it was committed toaddressing outstanding issues withChina in ”fair, reasonable andmutually-acceptable manner” whileBeijing said putting aside differencesfor mutual benefits was in the interestof both countries. Mr. Singh(Manmohan Singh) said in his letterto Mr. Wen, India remained “com-mitted to strengthening and diversi-fying our relations with China andfurther developing our long-termconstructive and cooperative partner-ship while addressing outstandingissues in fair, reasonable andmutually-acceptable manner. Thiswas corroborated by his counterpart(Mr. Wen), when he said, hisGovernment “highly values its good-neighbourly relations and friendshipwith India. Chinese Prime MinisterWen Jiabao on the eve of his visitto India in 2005 expressed greatoptimism. “China and India are notcompetitors, we are friends” Furtherhe stressed “on the need to streng-then China-India relation, which is afactor in the maintenance of globalpeace and tranquillity.” Both coun-tries are keen to cooperate each otherin the field of energy sector, the mostimportant determinant for the growthof a country. The significant historicera of cooperation between Indiaand China in the hydrocarbon sectorwill ensure energy security for thetwo Asian giants. In the spirit ofthe China-India Friendship Year, thetwo giant neighbours have, sinceearly 2006 engaged each other inten-sively in ‘strategic dialogue’—hintsmaturing bilateralism between Indiaand China. Drawing on a detailedand systematic analysis of the inter-linked and increasingly importantissues of maritime security in theIndian Ocean region, energy demandsand concerns, and economic growthand interchange, it shows that notonly is there an absence of mutualthreat perception, but Sino-Indianbilateral trade is increasingly beingframed institutionally and China andIndia are also beginning to coordinatepolicy in important areas such asenergy policy.

Evidently, despite some out-standing problems in Sino-Indianrelations like—Tibet, border dispute,etc. both countries are sailing in right

direction to strengthen their bilateralties. India-China relations hold greatpromise, and beckon both to rise tothe challenges before them in arapidly evolving world situation. Aslong as they keep in mind the long-term and strategic nature of thepartnership they will be able tocalmly approach seemingly difficultand intractable issues in the interestof the long-term objectives of peaceand friendship, which, as PremierWen Jiabao has famously observed,have been the mainstream of India-China civilizational ties for 99·99 percent of the time. While the scope forcompetition and cooperation existsside by side, the choice, of whetherto make competition or cooperation,the dominant theme of India-Chinadiscourse, is ours.

Sino-Russo Front—How doesSino-Russo relation work as catalystin the formulation of Russian-Indian-China strategic triangle ? Sino-Russian/Soviet relations before thedisintegration of the Soviet Unionwere characterized by ups anddowns. In 1950 they signed the Treatyof Friendship. They had honeymoonperiod upto first half of the 1950’s.However, by the late 50’s differencesin national interests and ideologiesemerged, leading to serious disputesin the early 1960’s, which developedinto acute conflicts and borderclashes in 1969. So the period of1960’s and up to late 1970’s, SovietUnion regarded China as one of itsmain rivals and stationed approxi-mately one million troops and one-third of its SS-20 intermediate rangeballistic missile along the Sino-Sovietborder, threatening to make asurgical first strike on China’s nuclearbases. In these circumstances Chinawas forced to improve its militarystrength. This face-to-face militarythreat between these two countriescreated a lot of tension. But its futilitysoon was realized by them. Theyseriously started the process ofnormalization. Mikhail Gorbachov’shistoric visit to China in May 1989,symbolized the end of three decadesof Sino-Soviet schism, normalizedinternational relations between theUSSR and China and effectivelyrestored party-to-party relations.China’s calculative favourable res-ponse to Soviet overtures represen-

PD/July/2010/90 “Say not, ‘I have found the truth,’ but rather, ‘I have found a truth.”

ted a shift in policy from strategiccooperation with the US towards aposture of equidistance between thesuperpowers.

Sino-Russian friendship furtheradjusted in the new emerging worldorder. The April 1997 summitmeeting highlighted the desire todemonstrate to the internationalcommunity (primarily the US) thecoorelation between the geopoliticalpostures of the two nations, asrepresented in the Joint Declarationon a Multipolar World and theEmerging New International Order of23 April 1997.

In the 1997 “Joint declaration onmultipolar world and the formationof a new international order”, thenRussian President Boris Yeltsin andhis Chinese counterpart Jiang Zeminannounced their commitment todevelop a ‘partnership……for thepurpose of strategic interaction in thetwenty-first centuury’. The statementwas widely seen not only as achallenge to American ‘hegemonism’,but also as confirmation of thequalitatively new relationship thathad emerged between Moscow andBeijing after the end of the Cold War.The negative legacy of historicalirredentism, civilization prejudicesengagement and positive-sum co-operation, based on shared political,security and economic interestsbecame the base of bilateralism.

The development of the relation-ship with China is arguably thegreatest Russian foreign policysuccess of the Post-Soviet period.During the presidency of BorisYeltsin, when Russia’s internationalstatus and influence were in declineon nearly all fronts, the ‘strategicpartnership’ with Beijing representeda notable exception to the rule. UnderVladimir Putin the gains of the 1990shave been consolidated, and there isgenuine substance to the officialclaim that relations are at an all timehigh, particularly after the signing ofthe Treaty of Good-Neighbourliness,Friendship and Cooperation in July2001.

The positives are evident acrossthe board. First, the two countrieshave near-identical views regardingthe desired structure of the post-ColdWar international order. Bothemphasise the primacy of the UN in

global decision-making and the pre-cedence of national sovereignty overWestern conceptions of ‘humanitarianintervention’ and ‘limited sovere-ignty’. They aspire to a ‘multipolar’world in which a few great powers—the United States, Russia, WesternEurope, China, India, and Japan—make the big decision. This elitistvision is the modern-day successor ofthe Concert of Europe in the earlynineteenth century, and diametricallyopposed to the uniplar orderassociated with hegemonic America.

Moscow and Beijing also sharemany security interests and threatperceptions, from an attachment togeopolitical concepts such as spheresof influence and the balance of powerto a common view of the post—9/11international security agenda. Theyhave adopted similar positions on thewar against terror, the non-proli-feration of Weapons of MassDestruction (WMD), and internationalconflict management, most recentlyin the context of Iraq. They aresupportive of each other’s directedsecurity concerns, while Moscow hasreciprocated on Chinese efforts tosuppress separatism in Xinjiang andTibet and has given its unequivocalsupport to the ‘One China’ policytowards Taiwan. Both have a majorstake in ensuring peace and stabilityon the Korean peninsula.

The Sino-Russian rapprochementis basically a relation to the changingbalance of power in world politics,enabling the two countries to act inparallel rather than as allies. Theirefforts to develop a strategic par-tnership seek to counter the US line ofpreserving a unipolar internationalsystem and seek the establishment ofmultipolarity with both countriesplaying the most independent rolespossible. “The objective action byChina and Russia are concurrent self-determination, independent influenceand separate bargaining positionsrather than a close military andpolitical alliance”, so there is everypossibility to foresee a friendlyrelationship between Russia andChina. However, there are areaswhere they do differ, and overallRussia’s China policy also sometimereflects larger contradictions andparadoxes in Moscow’s approach tointernational affairs, particularlyseeing China as a threat.

Indo-Russian Front—Indian-Russian relationship has always beenof distinct category. Starting from alacklustre note with Stalin’s policyof maintaining equidistance towardsIndia and Pakistan, Soviets favourablychanged during the leadership ofKhrushchev (1953-64). During theregime of Brezhnev (1964-82) bilateralrelation of Russia and India was veryclose and warm. Russian policy wasin lassitude just after the break-upof the Soviet Union. But immediately,Russia realised the importance ofIndia in particular (and Third Worldin general). In May 1992, the thenRussian State Secretary, GennadyBurbulis, in an interview on the eveof a visit to India—the first of a newRussian leader was forced to acceptthat Russia’s relationship with Indiahad to be different from its relationswith other countries of the regionand preferred to describe them asrelations of spiritual pragmatism.When Yevgeny Premakov appointedas the Prime Minister of Russia, herealised the importance of multi-faceted ties with India when heuttered—“this also suited Russianforeign policy which suited its geo-graphical and geopolitical relations,reflected in its State symbol—the twoheaded eagle looking in two oppositedirections”. The Indo-Russian Friend-ship Treaty of 1971 was restamped in1998, when Russian President BorisYeltsin visited India. During his visittwo countries signed a new 20-yearFriendship and Cooperation Treaty.Russian President Vladimir Putin’svisit to India Oct. (2-5), 2000 provideda great impetus to the bilateral ties.This treaty covers a whole gamut ofareas from economy to environmentand from terrorism to global securityconcerns. The then Russian PresidentVladimir Putin’s visit to India in themonth of December 2002 reiteratestheir commitment to boost thebilateral relations. Statement ofAndrei Belyaninov, head of theRosobo-ronexport State Company,which handles 90% of Russia’s armsexport, expressed the importance ofstrategic partnership with India. Hesaid “India is Russia’s sole strategicpartner in the region and we followour President’s strict guidelines tohave no defence intervention withPakistan whatsoever. Joint produc-tion of BrahMos Missile and

PD/July/2010/91 “The deeper sorrow carves into your being the more joy you can contain.”

Kundankulam Nuclear Projectsymbolise techno-strategic coopera-tion both countries are enjoying.During his (Putin) recent visit hereiterated the fact that nuclear co-operation was one of the mostimportant aspects in the partnershipbetween the two countries whichhave strong trade ties. Russia’s state-owned nuclear company has agreedto build six reactors by 2017 in India.

Russia will remain India’s largestdefence supplier for some time tocome, with ongoing arms contractsand projects in the pipeline worthwell over a whopping $ 15 billion. Sothere is the immense possibility thatRussian-Indian relations will go fromstrength to strength in the years anddecades to come. This is more opti-mistic and also realistic one, keepingin mind the international order whichis coming up after the end of coldwar.

Why Triangle a PragmaticPossibility

There are several positive factorsin favour of trilateralism. All of themadvocate a multi-polar world and theestablishment of just and fair newinternational order. Two, all the threecountries need to develop theireconomy and rejuvenate themselves.And their economies are complemen-tary. Three, Russia has a specialposition among the three—it is atraditional ally and partner of Indiaand also has close ties with China. Itsspecial role could facilitate develop-ment of trilateral cooperation. Four,this cooperation, though just started,has gained strong momentum and ismoving in the right direction.

When Chinese President HuJintao visited Russia in March 2007,he and his Russian counterpart,Vladimir Putin, lost no time inreaching out to India. In their jointdeclaration, they called for expandingtrilateral cooperation with India assuch interaction “enhances mutuallybeneficial economic cooperationamong the three nations, strengthenstheir coordination in facing newchallenges and threats, especially thatof international terrorism and con-tributes to the cause of promotingpeace and stability in Asia andthroughout the world.”

After examining the potentialitiesand possibilities of cooperationamong the three players of thestrategic triangle, we found, there area number of areas on which coopera-tion is realistic and easy. But there are

some issues which create ripples inthe bilateral relationship, hence couldalso work as obstacles in the for-mation of strategic triangle.

Obstacles in the Realizationof Strategic Triangle

As strategic triangle consists ofthree poles and hence having threefronts, problems required to be seenon all the fronts which may createobstacles in the formation of strategictriangle. Indo-Russian front ismoving satisfactorily and historicallywell tested and has stood to thechallenges. Sino-Russian front is alsomanageable; however, there is historyof vicissitudes in their relationshipdue to border disputes, ideologicalclash, fight for dominance etc. Butthe biggest challenge the triangularconcept could face is the mistrustprevailing on Sino-Indian front.However efforts are on from both thesides to shed the previous differencesand move forward to start a freshbeginning. Indo-Chinese mutualsuspicion, China’s aversion toalliances, each state’s desire for aclose working relationship with theUnited States, and the fact that Russiahas little to offer in tangible, materialterms to them beyond what theyalready receive have impeded forma-tion of this triangle. However, theseare only small impediments in thebroader political and strategic con-cerns all these three nations are hav-ing in the new emerging world order.

As a precis of the binding aspectsof their relationship, Russia is thebiggest supplier of defence equip-ment to India, and both are jointlydeveloping the ‘BrahMos’ anti-shipmissile. China is Russia’s mainweapons customer, purchasing anestimated $ 1 to 2 billion of Russia’s $4 billion military exports. India (likeRussia) is demonstrating its loyaltyby acknowledging China’s sovere-ignty in Tibet. India has pledged notto allow anti-Chinese political senti-ment in India. The armies of Indiaand China held unprecedented jointcounter-terrorism and peace-keepingtraining programmes in 2005-06.Furthermore, all three are burdenedby militant Islam—in Chechnya,Xinjiang and Kashmir—to name but afew unifying factors.

The purpose of the triangularityis to build the Multi-Polar World inwhich they could maximise theirnational interest and also meeting

many of the objectives of short-range,medium-range and long-range goals.All the three countries are firmsupporters of the Five Principles ofPeaceful Co-existence. Putin said,“We are united by our desire toresolve regional problems in a wayacceptable to all sides. We thereforethink that there are good prospectsfor work together in a trilateralformat.” This was corroborated byIndian Prime Minister Dr. ManmohanSingh when he added that he, Putinand Chinese President Hu Jintao hadmet and had useful discussions in St.Petersburg on the strategic triangle. Itwas reasserted by them—“enhancedengagement among them strengthenstheir influence on the process ofdemocratization of internationalrelations and development of multi-polar world order reflecting thediversity of world cultures andcivilizations.” They are in unison that,“the strengthening of trilateralcooperation does not imply anydiminution of national autonomy orof the national identity. On thecontrary, constructive interactionmust become a guarantee for the fulldevelopment of the most valuablequalities and genius of all threepeoples. Considering the magnitudeof the resources (both—human andmaterial) involved in this triangula-rity, it has the potential to signif-icantly and dynamically influence thedepth, direction and dimension ofgeo-politics and geo-strategy at boththe levels, regional and global. P.Darpan

By : Dr. L. N. Koli

Code No. 1682 Price : Rs. 60/-

● E-mail : publisher@upkar.in● Website : www.upkar.in

UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA-2

Just Released

PD/July/2010/92 “Yesterday is but today’s memory, tomorrow is today’s dream.”

India and Russia Relations

Current AffairsCurrent Affairs

—Sanjeev Sirohi (Advocate)

India has always since indepen-dence had a chequered history ofhaving good relations with Russiaand it is most satisfying to see thateven now we are continuing to enjoygood equations with them. Contraryto popular belief, India’s growingfriendly ties with US have not inanyway adversely affected India’srelations with Russia which is ahealthy sign of the firm relationshipwhich we enjoy with them. More-over, India has not done anythingwhich would alienate Russia and hasmade it clear that having goodrelations with Russia will always beof top priority and can never becompromised under any circums-tances.

Just recently, on March 12, 2010,Russian Prime Minister VladimirPutin arrived in New Delhi on a 22hour visit to India. This will certainlyfurther boost relations between thetwo countries. India and Russiasigned over a dozen pacts, includingan umbrella inter-governmental civilnuclear agreement and another accordfreezing the price of the refurbishedaircraft carrier Admiral Gorshkov aswell as a clutch of defence deals and avisa pact. It must be mentioned herethat until the night before the summitmeeting between the two PrimeMinisters, the Indian establishmentwas extremely reluctant about com-mitting itself to the Russian bear hugwhether in the nuclear energy,defence or space sectors.

The offer on nuclear cooperationby Russia, however, was wide-ranging and generous. As part of theinter-governmental agreement oncooperation in nuclear energy and theroad map for the construction ofnuclear power plants, signed in thepresence of the two Prime Ministers,Russia promised to go beyond theIndo-US nuclear deal. While speakingto the Russian media after Putin’svisit to Delhi, Sergei Kiriyenko, thehead of Russia’s nuclear energyagency Rosatom, said Russia offeredto build 16 nuclear power plants at

Kudamkulam in Tamil Nadu andHaripur in West Bengal, design andbuild a nuclear fuel fabrication facilityin India under IAEA safeguards andset up a joint venture to explore andmine uranium in Russia that wouldbe used in India and third countries.The joint venture would likely operateat the Elkon uranium field in Yakutia,in Russia’s mineral-rich Siberianlandmass, Interfax, the Russian newsagency reported. The Russian state-owned mining company ARMZUranium Holding Co. or Atom-RedMet Zoloto, holds the licence to theElkon field which is estimated to hold3,44,000 tonnes of uranium or 5·3per cent of the world’s recoverablereserves.

On his brief visit to India, RussianPM Vladimir Putin apart fromengaging in bilateral talks with PMDr. Manmohan Singh also metPresident Mrs. Pratibha Patil. He verycategorically assured India of supportin the nuclear energy sector throughbuilding of reactors and supply offuel. He said that, “India had expres-sed keenness in his country’s help fordisposal of nuclear waste too. Our(India and Russia) cooperation is inconstruction and building of nuclearreactors, supply of nuclear fueland India has expressed interest forhelp in disposal of nuclear waste.”Regarding safety of the reactors, withthe Chernobyl experience during theSoviet era behind it, he firmly assuredthat upgrading and increasing thesafety features in nuclear powerplants were the key elements ofRussian technology it would provideto India. He also voiced his graveconcerns over terror groups operat-ing from within Afghanistan andPakistan, saying it was a threat to theentire world.

Fully conscious of the powerequation in Moscow where Putin stillcalls the shots in all vital mattersnotwithstanding that his protegeDimitry Medvedev is the Presidentnow, India left no stone unturned toensure that Putin’s less than 24 hour

official visit turns out to be a grandsuccess and this it managed to a verylarge extent. Also during Putin’s visitto India, the other eminent personswho also came with him includedtwo vice-premiers—Sergei Sobyaninand Sergei Ivanov, Energy MinisterSergei Shnatko. From businesscommunity, those who accompaniedPutin included ‘Rosatom’ CEO SergeiKiriyenko, main head of ‘Sukhoi’Mikhail Pogasyan and ‘Rostechno-logy’ head Sergei Chemezev.

Apart from sealing agreements inthe defence and strategic spheres,India and Russia also took steps toextend their partnership in new areassuch as energy, mining and ferti-lizers. Simultaneously, both countriesalso had detailed discussions onregional and global issues andagreed to intensify consultations onAfghanistan and the challenges posedby terrorism and extremism in theregion. “In the run-up to, and duringPrime Minister, Vladimir Putin’svisit, we have finalised several impor-tant and long pending defencecooperation projects which willdeepen our longstanding partner-ship in this vital sector. We havesigned the Inter-Governmental Agree-ment on Cooperation in AtomicEnergy and agreed upon a Roadmapfor construction of nuclear powerplants. A Memorandum of Under-standing for bilateral cooperation inRussia’s satellite navigation systemhas been agreed upon,” PrimeMinister Dr. Manmohan Singh said ina statement shortly after concludingdelegation-level talks with Mr. Putin-Dr. Singh also referred to the agree-ment on strengthening cooperationin hydrocarbons through greatercollaboration between the oil and gascompanies of Russia and India.Agreements were also signed in theareas of fertilizers. Dr. Singh furtheradded : “We have identified informa-tion technology and telecommuni-cations as focus areas for our futureeconomic cooperation.”

PD/July/2010/93

India and Russia signed fiveaccords at the government level inthe presence of PM Dr. ManmohanSingh and his Russian counterpartVladimir Putin after holding exten-sive talks with each other. Some 15supplementary agreements wereinked between the two countries atvarious other levels on the margins ofofficial-level talks. A slew of agree-ments in key areas like defence,nuclear energy, diamond, petroleumand aviation were also inked.

The most significant accords bet-ween India and Russia were on theAdmiral Gorshkov aircraft carrierwhich the Union Cabinet approvedfor the purchase of the vessel at $ 2·33billion and the supply of 29 MIG29K—the sea variant of the fighterused by the IAF valued at $ 1·5billion. Earlier, India had ordered 16such fighters and the first lot of 4—i.e., twin-seated trainer version wereinducted into the IAF at Goa inFebruary, 2010. Ever since the coldwar era of the 80s, the IAF variant hasbeen in service. These can fly off thedeck of the Gorshkov as well asIndia’s under construction sea-borneaircraft carrier.

Main Features

Code No. 1656 Price : Rs. 255/-

By : Dr. M. B. Lal & J. P. Dixit

☞ Previous Year’s Solved Paper

☞ Mathematics☞ Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology)☞ General English

● E-mail : publisher@upkar.in● Website : www.upkar.in UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA-2

(For 10th Based Diploma Courses)(For 10th Based Diploma Courses)

Exam. Date12 June, 2010

The two sides also discussed co-operation in other areas of defence.The role of India in a co-developingthe fifth generation fighter aircraftand the multi-role transport aircraftwas discussed in detail. India con-veyed its disapproval of selling theupcoming fighter to other countries,especially China and therefore wan-ted an embargo on the same. Apartfrom this, another important agree-ment was between the NationalPower Corporation of India Limited(NPCIL) and the Atom Story forKudankulam III and Kudankulam IVnuclear reactors as part of the nuclearcooperation accord between the twosides. There were three agreementsbetween Al Roza of Russia and Dia-mond India Limited in the diamondsector, two agreements between AlRoza and private Indian companiesand one between Gastrum of Russia& the ONGC in the petroleum sector.

Both Putin and Dr. Manmohan feltthat there was a lot the two countriescould do to advance global peace,stability and the process of globaleconomic revival. They also agreed toAfghanistan and challenges posed

collectively intensify cooperation onby terrorism and extremism in theregion. While describing Mr. Putin asthe ‘architect’ of the strategic part-nership between India and Russia,Dr. Manmohan said India owed a‘deep sense of gratitude’ to him forbringing the two countries so close toeach other. On his visit to Moscow inDecember last year, our PM Dr. Singhhad engaged in detailed discussionswith Mr. Putin to iron out all differen-ces from the bilateral relationship. Itis expected that Putin’s visit is set toink about $ 10 billion worth of deals,mostly in defence collaboration andcivilian nuclear reactors. Mr. Putin’svisit is bound to boost bilateral tradewhich, despite standing at about $ 8billion right now, is far below itspotential. ONGC Videsh has investednearly $ 3 billion in the Sakhalin oiland gas projects and is looking formore oilfields. India which is a largenet importer of energy certainly needsand will benefit tremendously fromaccess to Russian oil and natural gas.It is expected that the current $ 7·5billion bilateral trade will rise to $ 20billion by 2015. P.Darpan

PD/July/2010/94 “A friend is a second self.”

Indian Polity andConstitution

★ The Constitution of India dealswith the organisation, composi-tion, duration, officers, proce-dures, privileges, powers of theParliament under :

—Articles 79 to 122 in Part V

★ The parliamentary form ofgovernment as prevalent in Indiaemphasises the interdependencebetween the :

—Legislative and Executive Organs

★ The main duty of the SpeakerProtem of Lok Sabha is :—To administer oath to the new

members

★ The Chairman of the Rajya Sabhacan be removed from his officeonly if he is removed :

—From the office of the Vice-President

★ When the House (Lok Sabha orRajya Sabha) is adjourned with-out naming a day for reassembly,it is known as :

—Adjournment sine die

★ The last session of the existingLok Sabha after a new Lok Sabhahas been elected is called :

—Lame-duck session★ The Supreme Court can issue

writs only for the enforcement of:

—Fundamental Rights and not forother purposes

★ A governor, though he remainsin office at the pleasure of thePresident is an integral part of :

—State Legislature

★ Which Article of the Constitutiondeclares that the council ofministers is collectively respon-sible to the legislative assemblyof the state ?

—Article 164

★ The provisions of which Articleexplicitly confer the power ofjudicial review on a high court ?

—Articles 13 and 226

★ The highest law officer in thestate is :

—Advocate General

★ The first municipal Corporationin India was set up in Madras in :

—The year 1687

Indian NationalMovement

★ Who led the revolt in 1857 inBihar and defeated the BritishArmy near Aara ?

—Kunwar Singh of Jagdishpur

★ Who wrote famous thesisentitled ‘South India in 1857 :War of Independence’ :

—V. D. Divekar

★ Who has written about the revoltof 1857—“This was an eruptionof social volcano, where manyspent forces found vent. Afterthe vent the whole social topo-graphy has changed. The scars ofrebellion remained deep andshining”

—Ashok Mehta

★ Which Act may be regarded asthe beginning of representativesystem in modern India ?—The Indian Councils Act 1861

★ By which Act of the BritishParliament did Queen Victoriaassume the title of ‘the Empressof India’ to emphasize Britishsovereignty over the whole ofBritish provinces in India andIndian states ?

—The Royal Titles Act 1876

★ The Vernacular Press Act as asafety valve against vernacularnewspapers was passed by LordLytton on :

—March 14, 1878

★ Who was the first to call therevolt of 1857 as an organisedwar for national independence ?

—V. D. Savarkar

★ Who founded Atmiya Sabha in1815 ?

—Raja Rammohan Roy

★ Who wrote in 1900 to theSecretary of State for India —“Itis my firm belief that theCongress is staggering towardsits downfall and it is my greatdesire that during my stay inIndia I should help in its peacefuldemise ?”

—Lord Curzon★ Bal Gangadhar Tilak popularly

known as Lokamanya Tilak wasborn in 1856 at—

—Ratnagiri (Maharashtra)★ An English weekly called ‘New

India’ was started by :—Bipin Chandra Pal

★ Bangdarshan was the mainnewspaper of :

—Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay

History and Cultureof India

★ Mahismati on the river Narmadawas the earliest seat of power of :

—The Kalachuris★ The Chalukyas or Solankis ruled

over Gujarat :—For almost three and a half

centuries (950-1300 A.D.)★ Jayadeva, composer of the Gita

Govinda adorned the Court ofLakshmanasena who was the lastHindu ruler of :

—Bengal★ Mahabhasya has been written

by :—Patanjali

★ The author of the famous playMrichchakatika—considered oneof the best plays of ancient Indiais :

—Sudraka★ The most important Bahamani

ruler was :—Firuz Shah Bahamani

★ The emergence of two indepen-dent states in the south namelythe Vijaynagar (A. D. 1336) andBahamani (A.D. 1347) took placeduring the reign of :

—Muhammad Bin Tughlaq

PD/July/2010/95 “All paid jobs absorb and degrade the mind.”

★ Under which Delhi Sultan’s rule,was the kharaj in the form of aproper land tax levied over largeparts of northern India ?

—Alauddin Khilji★ The Satnami sect in India was

founded in :—The year 1657

★ Which Sikh Guru constitutedKhalsa and introduced a newbaptism ceremony requiringevery Sikh to observe the fiveK’s—Kesh, Kirpan, Kachha,Kanghi and Kara ?

—Guru Govind Singh (in 1699)★ Shivaji divided his kingdom in-

to :—Four provinces

Economic Affairs ofIndia

★ The number of deaths of infantsbefore reaching the age of one, ina particular year, per 1000 livebirths during that year is called :

—Infant Mortality Rate★ Shares in the paid up capital or

stock of a company whoseholders are considered as ownersof the company with votingrights and dividends in thecompany are called :

—Equities

★ A proportion of the total depositsand reserves of the commercialbanks that is to be kept with theCentral Bank (RBI) in liquid formas a measure of control of RBIover the Commercial Banks isknown as :

—Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)★ Inflation is measured in India on

the basis of which ‘index’ ?—Wholesale Price Index

★ The institution which decides thevalue and volume of bank notesto be printed and on what basisis :

—Reserve Bank of India★ In India, the second largest

provider of employment afteragriculture is :

—Textiles Sector★ In the World, in the production

of cotton, India ranks :—Second

★ Mulberry, Eri, Tasar and Mugaare the varieties of :

—Silk

★ The Janashree Bima Yojanaproviding for an insurance coverof Rs. 20,000 on natural deathwas launched on :

—August 10, 2000

★ The Central Sales Tax is leviedunder the provisions of theCentral Sales Tax Act 1956 :

—On the sale of goods of the courseof inter state trade or commerce

★ Value Added Tax being a tax onsale or purchase of goods withina state is a subject by virtue of :

—Entry 54 of List II (State List)

★ The Foreign Exchange Manage-ment Act (FEMA) was passed in :

—The year 1999

★ The Governments’ e-governanceinitiative aiming at serviceoriented approach in the designand delivery of Governmentservices is known as :—MCA 21-e-Governance Project

Geography(India and the World)

★ The concept of sustainabledevelopment relates to :

—Intergenerational Equity

★ The narrow meandering bands ofswift winds which blow in themidlatiludes near the tropopauseand encircle the globe are knownas :

—Jet stream

★ The first of the fourteen bio-sphere reserves of India whichwas established in 1986 is :

—Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve

★ Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve islocated in :

—Uttarakhand

★ The average rainfall in India isabout :

—125 cm

★ In India, the highest rainfalloccurs along :

—The West Coast (on the WesternGhats), north-east and hills of

Meghalaya

★ Monpa, Daffla, Abor, Mishmi,Nishi and Nagas are theprominent tribal communitiesfound in :

—Arunachal Himalayas★ The Gneiss is a coarse grained :

—Metamorphic rock★ As per 2001 census, the smallest

million city is :—Rajkot

★ The leading producer of teawhich accounts for about 28% oftotal production in the World is :

—India

Science & Technology★ Hair of a shaving brush cling

together when the brush isremoved from water due to :

—Surface Tension★ The substance used for artificial

rain is :—Silver Iodide

★ The least distance of distinctvision is :

—25 cm★ Red light is used as danger signal

because it :—Is scattered least

★ In AIDS virus, there is :

—DNA + Protein★ Hydrophobia is caused by :

—Virus★ Which disease is caused by the

excessive use of alcoholicbeverage ?

—Liver Cirrhosis★ The strongest muscle in human

body is found in :—Jaws

★ The pulse in the human wristbeats :

—At the same rate as the heart★ The sunrays can penetrate the

clear ocean water to a maximumdepth of : —200 metre

Agriculture★ First dwarf variety of paddy

developed in India is :—Govind

★ Maya is the variety of :—Mustard

★ Which crop requires maximumof nitrogen ?

—Sugarcane

PD/July/2010/96 “All virtue is summed up in dealing justly.”

★ The word agriculture is derivedfrom : —Latin

★ The main function of NABARDis :

—Refinancing to agriculturalfinancing institutions

★ Co-operative Credit Societies Actwas passed in India in :

—the year 1912★ Maximum photosynthesis takes

place in : —Green Light★ The origin of litchi is :

—China★ The main function of biofertilizer

is :—To increase photosynthesis

process

Sports and Games★ Maxim Turov is the famous

player of : —Chess

★ N.K.P. Salve Challenger Trophy2009 was won by :

—India Red

★ Which Indian Chess player wonthe World Junior Chess Cham-pionship in November 2009 ?

—Soumya Swaminathan

★ Vijay Hazare Trophy is asso-ciated with : —Cricket

★ The 2010 Commonwealth Gamesmascot is : —Shera

★ The Champion of IPL III is :

—Chennai Super Kings★ Who bagged the best batsman

award in Indian Premier LeagueIII ?

—Sachin Tendulkar★ The Wisden Cricketer’s Test

Player of the year 2009 is :—Shakib Al Hasan

★ Who have been named as the2009 ITF World Champions ?

—Roger Federer and SerenaWilliams

Miscellany★ The Indian state which has the

maximum length of roads is :—Maharashtra

★ Hubli is the headquarters of :

—South Western Railway

★ Airways in India started in :

—1911

★ The largest natural port of Indiais in : —Vishakhapatnam

★ Namdapha National Park islocated in :

—Tirap district of ArunachalPradesh

★ The third biggest planet of theSolar System is : —Uranus

★ The study of the Moon is called :

—Selenology★ The IBSA members are :

—India, Brazil and South Africa★ Papanasam Hydro-electric pro-

ject is located in :—Tamil Nadu

★ Rand is the currency of :

—South Africa★ The Capital of Mongolia is :

—Ulan Bator★ Jamshedpur is located on the

river of : —Subarnarekha★ Famous Pichola lake is situated

in :—Udaipur (Rajasthan)

★ Which place is known as the Keyto Mediterranean ?

—Gibraltar★ 49th parallel is the boundary line

between : —Canada and USA

★ Hausa tribes are mainly foundin : —North Nigeria

★ An instrument used for deter-mining the difference in ele-vation between two points isknown as :

—Clinometer

★ Which article of the Constitutionof India provides for the right ofminorities to establish andadminister educational insti-tutions ? —Article 30

★ Provisions of administration andcontrol of Scheduled Areas arecontained in :

—The 5th Schedule to theConstitution of India

★ Sikkim was made full-fledgedstate of the Union of India by :

—36th Constitutional AmendmentAct 1975

★ The Chairman of the 13thFinance Commission of India is :

—Dr. Vijay L. Kelkar★ The Common Chairman of all

the Zonal Councils is :—The Union Home Minister

★ Rice, Jowar, Bajra, Maize, Cotton,Sugarcane, Soyabean andGroundnut are :

—Kharif Crops★ The growth rate achieved during

Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-07) is:—7·2%

★ The National Rural EmploymentGuarantee Bill was passed byParliament on :

—September 7, 2005★ The Reserve Bank of India was

nationalised on :—January 1, 1949

★ R. Chelliah Committee was asso-ciated with :

—Reforms in Tax Structure★ Sales Tax, Excise Duty and

Custom duty are the forms of :—Indirect Taxes

★ Pascal is the unit of :

—Pressure★ Who invented Electric Iron in

1882 ? —H. W. Seeley★ The instrument used to measure

the pitch of a sound is :—Tonometer

★ Saraswati Samman is associatedwith : —Literature

P.Darpan

Continued from Page 77

Civil Services : Challengingbut Rewarding as Well

Well, UPSC has a comprehensiveand admirable process of selectingsuitable candidates for the CivilServices. Even the emerging scenariohints at the focus of UPSC to selectthe candidates who are honest, wellaware, intelligent, adaptive, sensitiveand compassionate to understandthe duties of a 21st century ‘CivilServant’.

In our approach, we try toaddress the needs of aspirants atlarge. Still, if you have any specificquery, you can always mail to us atatul@pdgroup.in

At the time when the new face ofCivil Services Examination is goingto emerge, it is expected of you toshow total dedication towards yourimmediate goal – Mains Examinationto achieve the desired success.

Wishing you all the best. P.Darpan

PD/July/2010/97 “Dignity consists not in possessing honors, but in the consciousness that we deserve them.”

Official Name : Canada

Capital : Ottawa

Area : 99,84,670 sq km

Population : 3,33,11,400 (July 1, 2008estimate)

The UN Projection : 33·75 million(for 2010 Population)

Type of Government : Confederation with Parlia-mentary Democracy

GDP per capita : (PPP $) 33,375

(as per 2005)

HDI/World Rank : 0·961/4

Central Bank : The Bank of Canada

National Anthem : ‘O Canada, our home andnative land’/O Canada,terre de nos aieux.

Canada’s National Police : Royal Canadian MountedForce Police (RCMP)

States/Provinces of : Alberta, British Columbia,Canada Manitoba New Brunswick,

Newfoundland andLabrador Nova Scotia,Ontario, Prince EdwardIsland, Quebec—Quebec,Saskatchewan, The North-West Territory, Nunavut :Yukon Territory.

Map of Canada

Head of State : Queen Elezabeth

Governor-General : Michaell Jean

Prime Minister : Stephen Harper (Conserva-(since Feb. 6, 2006) tive Party of Canada)

Stephen Harper

Current Prime Minister ofCanada

Michaell Jean

The Current Governor-General of Canada

Currency : Canadian dollar

GDP Growth Rate : 2·7% (2007 estimate)

Total GDP was US 1, 326·4billion in 2007

Birth Rate 2006-07 : 11·0%

(per 1000 population)

Adult Literacy Rate : 99%

Important Festivals : The Montreal Jazz Festival,Calgary Stampede, OttawaInternational Jazz Festival,The Toronto InternationalFilm Festival, VancoverInternational Film Festival.

Life Expectancy : 77·4 years (for men) 82·4

(as per 2003 data) years (for women)

Date of Independence : July 1, 1867

Judicial System : Supreme Court of Canada,based in Ottawa is thehighest Court.

Important Political : Conservative Party, Liberal

Parties Party, New DemocracticParty, Bloc Quebecois, andGreens.

Religions : Roman Catholic, Protestants,Muslim

Language : English (Official), French(Official)

Important Newspapers : The Toronto Star, The Globeand Mail

Brief History

The first inhabitants of Canada were Mongoloidtribes—the hunter-gatherers—who crossed the BerringStraits by a land bridge in search of mammoth, bison andelk. But currently there are two kinds of aboriginalgroups—The Inuit and Metis. The Inuit arrived around

PD/July/2010/98 “Education is the best provision for the journey to old age.”

1000 BC while Metis are the evolved group from theUnion of natives and Europeans. John Cabot who was anItalian Navigator and was commissioned by King HenryVII of England in 1497 charted the coasts around Labradorand Newfoundland. Jaques Cartier a Frenchman dis-covered the Gulf Lawrence in 1534. In the following yearsfisheries were set up by the English and the French.French captured the area called Acadia. In opposition toFrench expansion, England sent explorers to claim newterritory. Rivalry between France and England continuedthroughout the 17th century over trade. The Treaty ofUtrecht was signed between France and England in 1713.It was James Cook who charted the Pacific Coast fromVancouver to Alaska in 1778. Ultimately the French leftCanada. In 1849—United Kingdom recognized Canada'sright to self-government. Three political leaders A. Mac-donald (Conservative—Canada West) George Brown(Reform Movement–Canada West) and George EtienneCartier (Conservative—Canada East) formed a coalitiongovernment in 1864. In 1867 Nova Scotia, New Brunswickand Canadas (now Ontario and Quebec) were United asthe Dominion of Canada. The Constitution Act madethe provisions of division of power between the federalgovernment and the provinces. John Macdonald waselected Prime Minister. After the death of Maconald in1891 the Liberal leader Wilfried Laurier came to power in1896 bringing about a period of growth and stability. In1929, after the Wall Street crash Conservative leaderRichard Bedford Bennett was chosen in the election of1930. But his efforts to alleviate the effects of the economicdepression were not successful. Then in 1935 King was re-elected. Thus, democratically elected governments havebeen ruling over Canada for long period.

Geography and Location

Canada is bounded in the north-west by the BeaufortSea, north by the Arctic Ocean, north-east by Baffin Bayeast by the Davis Strait, Labrador Sea and Atlantic Oceanwhile on the south bounded by the USA and west by thePacific Ocean and USA (Alaska).

Constitution and Government

In 1982, the Canada Act of 1982 was enacted andpassed by the UK Parliament which became the final Actof UK Parliament in Canadian Constitutional Develop-ment. Under the Constitution of Canada, legislativepower is vested in Parliament which consists of theQueen, represented by a Governor General, a Senate anda House of Commons. The members of the Senate areappointed until age of 75 by summons of the GovernorGeneral under the Great Seal of Canada. The Senateconsists of 105 senators. The House of Commons consistsof 308 members and is elected by universal suffrage by afirst-past—the post system. As per May 2007 legislationelections will be held on the third Monday of October inthe fourth calendar year except when a government loses

vote of confidence. The Governor General is assisted by aPrivy Council comprising Cabinet Ministers.

Climate

As for the climate, polar conditions are found in thenorth while cool temperature situations exist in the south.The severe winters are experienced over much of thecountry but inland summers are very hot.

Energy and Mineral Resources

It may be specially mentioned here that Canada isone of the leading exporters of electricity with 33·2 billionkWh in 2004. As per 2004 data, the power generatingcapacity of Canada was 118·6 m kW. In 2004 Canadaproduced 598·51 billion kWh. In 2003 there were 17nuclear reactors. As per 2005 data oil reserves were 178·8billion barrels. Canada is the third largest producer ofnatural gas after Russia and the USA. Canada’s first offshore field 250 km off Nova Scotia began production in1992. Canada is one of the major producers of sand,gravel, lignite, coal, iron ore, salt, gypsum lime, nickel,lead, uranium, silver, gold and diamonds.

Agriculture, Industry and Infrastructure

Canada ranks second in the production of barley,rapeseeds and oats. Canada’s 6,75,039 square kilometreland were on farms as per 2001 census. Forests make upnearly half of Canada’s landmass and 10% of World’sforest cover. As for industry, Research in Motion, (atechnology hardware company) Royal Bank of Canadaand Manulife Financial were the major companies interms of market capitalization in 2007. As per 2002 datathere were 14,08,800 km of roads. The National HighwaySystem includes the Trans Canada Highway and othermajor east-west and north-south highways. Canada hastwo transcontinental systems : The Canadian NationalRailway System and the Canadian Pacific Railway. Thebusiest Canadian Airport is Toronto.

Tourist Places

The important tourist sites of Canada are L’Anse auxMeadows National Historic Site (1978) the remains of an11th century Viking settlement in Newfoundland;Nahnani National Park, Dinosaur Provincial Park inAlberta. Dinosaur Provincial Park in Alberta is a majorarea for fossil discoveries including 35 species ofdinosaur. S. Gaang Gwaii (Anthony Island); HeadSmashed—In Buffalo Jump is situated in south-westAlberta, Wood Buffalo National Park is home toAmerica’s largest population of wild bison; HistoricalDistrict of Quebec has memories of French colonial past;Old Town Lunenburg is also a major attraction; MiguashaPark is one of the world’s most important fossile sites forfish species of Davonian age. Monumental Canal whichruns from Ottawa to Kingston Harbour and Joggins FossilFalls are among the other important tourist sites ofCanada. P.Darpan

PD/July/2010/99 “Happiness depends upon ourselves.”

Present Scenario of Scientific and IndustrialResearch Sector : In a Nutshell

Miscellaneous Facts : General KnowledgeMiscellaneous Facts : General Knowledge

Undoubtedly India has achieveda significant progress in various fieldsof scientific and industrial researchlike; technology-development, inno-vation, promotion, consultancy, infor-mation facilitation, administration,finance, public sector enterprises, e-Governance, International Coopera-tion and technology transfer pro-gramme and management etc. TheDepartment of Scientific and Indus-trial Research (DSIR)–One of theDepartment of the Ministry of Scienceand Technology was created inJanuary 1985 through a PresidentialNotification on January 4, 1985(74/2/1/8 Cab.), with the mandateof DSIR–promotion of IndustrialResearch for indigenous technologypromotion, development, utilizationand transfer. Because of several tech-nology programmes, there has beenfound successful in synergizing theResearch and Development (R&D)efforts of industry and nationalresearch organisations. Such effortsshould continue in future for deve-lopment of the country, keeping inview the demands of ever-increasingfast growing population @ 1·9% perannum.

Based on the Annual Report(2007-08) of the Department ofScientific and Industrial Research(DSIR–Ministry of Science and Tech-nology Government of India–GOI),enough progress has been seenthrough the various achievementsmade by the DSIR, those can behighlighted in nutshell as below :

Major Achievements of DSIR(Deptt. of Scientific andIndustrial Research)

Organisational set-up/Infrastructureof DSIR and Functions

● DSIR (Department of Scientificand Industrial Research) wasset up in January, 1985 (videPresidential Notification, datedJanuary 4, 1985 (74/2/1/8 Cab.)under the Ministry of Science

and Technology (GOI)–as one ofthe departments.

● The mandate of DSIR includespromotion of industrial researchfor indigenous technology, pro-motion, development, utilizationand transfer.

● Allocation of Business for theDepartment is as : (i) All mattersrelated to CSIR (Council of Scien-tific and Industrial Research),CEL (Central Electronics Ltd.)/UNCTAD and WIPO (WorldIntellectual Property Organisa-tion), Registration and Recogni-tion of R&D units, NationalRegister for Foreign collabora-tions etc.

● Organisational set-up of DSIR–5main bodies viz., Administration,Finance, Department Programme(TPDU), Autonomous Bodies,Public Enterprises. Under Auto-nomous Bodies–CSIR (Councilof Scientific and IndustrialResearch); CDC (ConsultancyDevelopment Centre; and underPublic Enterprise) NRDC(National Research DevelopmentCorporation); CEL (CentralElectronics Ltd.) etc.

● Website : DSIR—www.dsir.gov.in

Council of Scientific and IndustrialResearch (CSIR)

● It comes in an AutonomousInstitution. The Council, thelargest publicly funded indus-trial R&D organisation of theworld, ever since its establish-ment in the year 1942, has con-tributed immensely for newproducts, facile technologicalprocesses, deeper scientificunderstanding through basicresearch as well as its S&Tcontributions as wide, uniqueand significant.

● It has multi-disciplinary andmulti-locational network of 38

National Laboratories and 39outreach centres.

● CSIR has been catalyzing thegrowth of many of the industriesi.e., creation of public and privategoods and services, in the fieldsof biology, biotechnology, che-micals and drugs, pharma-ceutical sectors-fuel industrialgrowth.

● A good achievement has beenobserved in development ofherbal formulation fromMurraya Koengii and Tribulusterrestris, as well as of Aloe Vera(Guarpattha)–useful in woundhealing and antifungal forma-tion, development of a HYVs ofFoeniculum vulgare.

● Process for extraction of virgincoconut oil–colourless, intensecoconut aroma, has been muchappreciated as functional food,which acts as antibacterial,antiviral and antifungal.

● With regard to environmentfriendly technology develop-ment, a significant contributionhas been observed like; (i) Zerowaste water discharge leatherprocessing technology–appre-ciated by industrial stakeholders;(ii) a process for heptafluoro-propane—a chemical used in firefighting–suitable for halon and(iii) a plant using a catalysticprocess for epichlorohydrin fromallyl chloride–commissioned inThailand, which is a first plant ofits kind.

● CSIR already filed 655 patentsabroad and 169 patents in India,whereas it has been granted 316patents abroad and 262 in India.It has secured 21 copyrights aswell.

Consultancy Development Centre(CDC)

● CDC came into a registeredsociety in January 1986 and

PD/July/2010/100 “It is in justice that the ordering of society is centered.”

approved as an autonomousinstitution of DSIR in Dec. 2004.This centre is managed andguided by a Governing Councilheaded by Secretary DSIR,which consists of consultancyorganisations, R&D Institutions,Government Deptts., AcademicInstitutions, Public Sector Units.etc.

● During 2007-08, CDC has deve-loped linkage with Indira GandhiNational Open University forcollaboration programmes onDiploma, Degree, Certificate etc.Training and skill building pro-grammes on consulting werecarried-out.

● 10th Consultancy Congress onOutsourcing : Role of Consul-tants was held from Jan. 15-16,2008, wherein status of womenconsultants in India, consultancycapabilities and opportunities,benchmarking best consultancypratice etc. were taken into consi-deration.

NRDC (National Research Develop-ment Corporation)

● NRDC a public sector enter-prise corporation acts as acatalyst for transforming innova-tive research into marketableindustrial products.

● During 2006-07, this NRDCentered into MoUs/Agreementwith other organisations like,GBPUA, Pantnagar; RamanCente for Applied and Inter-disciplinary Sciences, Kolkata;Vasant Dada Sugar Institute,Pune; Synthetic Silica Products,Kanpur, Indian Association forcultivation of Sciences, Kolkataetc.

● NRDC has made various innova-tions in the major fields of Agri-culture, Biotechnology, Chemicaland Allied, Electrical, Electro-nics, Mechanical etc.

CEL (Central Electronics Ltd.)

● CEL a public sector enterprise,has been pioneer in India in solarPhotovoltaics; Railway Signalingand Safety Equipments.

● CEL achieved the ever highestproduction turnover of Rs. 139·3crore in 2006-07, with a profit ofRs. 11·24 crore

● CEL is diversifying in otherareas to achieve a project turn-over of Rs. 250 crore by the year2011-12.

Technology Development andInnovation Programme–TDIP

● This TDIP has two sub-com-ponents viz., (i) TDDP (Techno-logy Development and Demons-tration Programme); (ii) TePP(Technopreneur PromotionProgramme).

● The main objectives of theseTDDP and TePP programmesare : (i) TDDP—to support tech-nology development efforts ofIndustry R&D system and addedtwo more components–TDDPs–start up and small business.(ii) TePP—to nurture the innova-tive spirit of individuals.

● TDPs (Technology DevelopmentProjects) have strengthened thelinkage with more than 25National Research Laboratories/Institutions like, NAL, Banga-lore; RRL, Trivandrum; IICT,Hyderabad; CMRI, Dhanbad;IIP, Dehradun; C-DAC, Pune;Dalmia Centre for Biotechno-logy, Coimbatore etc.

● TePP has developed successfullyand completed TePP Projectsduring 2007-08, with design ofCPAP device for the treatment ofsleep apnea, camera mouse forvisually handicapped; split typewood forming cutter; tractormounted pulveriser; wateremulsification in fuel oil etc.

Technology Management Pro-gramme (TMP)

● The main theme of TMP is toprovide technical inputs andsupport mechanisms for efficienttransfer and management oftechnology.

● The case studies under program-me includes “Study on IndustrialClusters in U.P. covering LeatherProcessing Cluster of Kanpur”;“Silk Producing Cluster ofVaranasi” and “Brass WorkCluster of Moradabad.”

● The Seminars / Workshops /Training Programmes were alsoorganized during the year (2007-08), related to technology mana-gement.

International Technology TransferProgramme (ITTP)

● During the year 2007-08, majoractivities were done like : (i)Participation in India, Fair,Melbourne; (ii) Organisation ofINDIATECH-2007 (11th Tech-nology Trade Pavilion) at IndiaInternational Trade Fair (IITF)2007, Pragati Maidan, New Delhietc.

● Awareness-cum-Training Pro-grammes organised at Inter-national and National level havecatalyzed the technology inten-sive and high value addedexports. Consequently, the per-centage of exports, in overallexports, has steadily increasedover the years.

● A large segment of exportingcommunity has been trained andsensitized towards high valueadded exports.

International Cooperation

● DSIR continues to play the roleof being the focal point for theAPCTT (Asian and Pacific Centrefor Transfer of Technology).

● During 2007-08, 463 technologyoffers and 944 technology requestwere registered in the databank.APCTT is presently implemen-ting a twin portal to promoteSMEs (Small Medium Enter-prises) in the region with—thewww.technology4sme. net portaland www.business–asia.net.-portal.

● The 4th Meeting of APTMNET(Asia-Pacific Traditional Medi-cine Network)–a viable andproductive network linking the14 member countries in theregion, was hosted by theMinistry of Health, Malaysia inKuala Lumpur during July 23-24,2007.

Technology Information FacilitationProgramme (TIFP)

● During 2007-08, the significantand specific achievements of theprogramme (TIFP) were obtainedon promotion of content deve-lopment as such data base on‘Pest Management Technologies’for major oilseeds and pulsecrops of Central India; Databaseon wild ornamental plants of

PD/July/2010/101 “It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it.”

Himalayas (Solan); Database onMetallopharmaceuticals; Florapotential of J&K state, IndianWood Insect Database; Databaseon Mycorrhiza, Decision Supportsoftware system for Cereals,Millets, Pulses and Tuber Cropsand establishment of an Agri-cultural Digital InformationCentre.

● Establishment of a Virtual Infor-mation Centre (VIC)–http://www.vic.ikp.info at the ICICIKnowledge Park (ICICIKP)Hyderabad.

● For support to survey and R&Dstudies, GIS based Digital Atlasof the Sacred Groves of the NEregion (7-sisters of India, com-prising Arunanchal Pradesh,Assam, Manipur, Tripura,Mizoram, Nagaland, andMeghalaya, including SikkimState; are available.

● Six sensitization-cum-awarenessprogrammes were organised inthe country to create awarenessand solicit good project proposalin the field of education andtraining on digital content deve-lopment. Training for women forconstruction of mobile bio-gasplant under the project “Pro-pagation of Technologies onwater conservation and wastedisposed through women group”was given.

Information Technology and e-Governance

● Information Technology for e-Governance has been initiated inthe Department (DSIR) duringmid 10th Plan.

● NET security has been streng-thened by introducing a threelevel security system.

● Various client server applicationslike; INTRADSIR, PIMS DMIS,INFOSYS, FCAIMS, EXTRA-DSIR etc. were kept operationalduring the year 2007-08 by theDSIR.

Other Activities

TDUPW (Technology Developmentand Utilisation Programme forWomen)

● Regarding Gender Budgeting,the Deptt. (DSIR) has set-up

Gender Budgeting Cell on therecommendation of the Inter-departmental Committee, somesteps have been taken to enhancethe share/contribution of womenwith regard to beneficiaryoriented schemes, as TDUPWdesigned in 2005-06, as well as tomeet specific needs of womencontribution towards technologycapability building. The Deptt.(DSIR) has supported about 20projects and 7 projects have beencompleted.

● During 2007-08, Five Sensitiza-tion-cum-awareness program-mes, in various parts of thecountry were organized withregard to significant nature andbeneficial to women.

Food and Food Processing

● In food and food processingfield, CSIR is contributing seve-ral novel and cost effective, ITK(Indigenous/Inherited TechnicalKnowledge)—easy - to - operatetechniques and process for food-grains storage, conservation andprocessing and has developedvarious technologies for lowcost-nutritive foods, and foodpreservation, convenience foods,non-conventional foods, spiceproducts, fruits and vegetablepreservation, packaging andtransporation, besides appro-priate and improved designs ofmachinery for processing,milling etc.

● Likewise, with regard to properfoodgrains storage without lossesdue to pests, Dr. O. P. Rajput,Agronomist, ICAR Project atBichpuri, Agra (U.P.) contributedan incredible research workthrough developed ITK (Indi-genous / Inherited TechnicalKnowledge) techniques—a lowcost technology and also publi-shed and released three publi-cation booklets on ITK in oil-seeds–Mustard at the GBPUAT,Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) andAssam Agric. University, Jorhatby Vice-Chancellors at theNational Workshops in the year2006 and 2005, respectively. Thetechnologies developed on ITKin foodgrains storage are :

(a) Cereals (wheat, barley, bajra,jowar, maize)—(i) 5-6 kg Neemleaves mixed/q grain; (ii) mix250 g lime powder/q grain; (iii)250 g maize cobs ash (with outgrain)/q grain; (iv) 2 match boxi.e., 100 spokes/q grain; (v) 5-6 gHeeng (Asafoetida) per q grainetc-be mixed in cereal grains like,wheat to save foodgrains instorage. The national losses offoodgrains i.e., 18-21% in storagecan be minimized this way.(b) Pulses (gram, tur, peas,moong, urd etc. dals)–use or mix5-6 g heeng/q pulses in storage.

(c) Rice—Mix 15-20 commonsalts pieces/q rice. These tech-niques on ITK have also beendocumented by the ICAR Publi-cations (2004-05)–Inventory ofITK in Agric. Document I, II, andIII as well as with ElectronicCDs. This information was alsomade available on ICAR websitefor online access—

www.icar.org.inPromotion of Hindi● To promote official language

Hindi Week was observed fromSept., 14-21, 2007 by the Deptt.–DSIR—(GOI) , besides Hindiworkshops.

Administrative/Establishment Divi-sion● For promotion, vigilance, pen-

sion, retirement benefits, etc.,Vigilance Cell works accordingly.

SummaryBased on the above achievements

made under DSIR (Department ofScientific and Industrial Research–Ministry of Science and Technology,GOI) during 2007-08, it can very wellbe concluded in a nutshell that manytechnological achievements madethrough several technology pro-grammes, have been found successfulin synergizing the Research andDevelopment (R&D) efforts ofindustry and national research orga-nisations/programmes CSIR, CDC,NRDC, CEL, TDIP, TMP, ITTP,TIFP, TDUPW, ICAR etc. Suchefforts should continue in future so asto fullfil the ever increasing scientificdemand of fast growing population @1·9% year. P.Darpan

PD/July/2010/102 “It is unbecoming for young men to utter maxims.”

International OrganisationInternational OrganisationInternational OrganisationProfileProfile

INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEEOF THE RED CROSS (ICRC)

Year of Establishment1863

HeadquartersGeneva (Switzerland)

Type of Organisation

The International Committee of the Red Cross is anindependent, neutral organisation which ensure humani-tarian protection and assistance for victims of war and

ICRC Logo

other situations of violence. The ICRChas a permanent mandate under inter-national law to take impartial action forprisoners, the wounded and the sickand civilians affected by conflict. Insituations of conflict the InternationalCommittee of the Red Cross coordinatesthe response by national Red Cross andRed Crescent Societies and theirInternational Federation. The ICRC is at the origin of boththe International Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement andof International humanitarian law notably the GenevaConventions. With its headquarters in Geneva, Switzer-land, the ICRC is based in around 80 countries and has atotal of more than 12,000 staff.

Brief History of ICRC

The idea that mankind must be protected against thescourge of war can be found among all the people ofantiquity. It was only in the nineteenth century, however,that considerable efforts were undertaken to make warmore human. The decisive events were the creation of theICRC in February 1863 and the signature in August 1864,of the Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of thewounded in Armies in the Field, which signalled the birthof international humanitarian law. It may be mentionedhere that it was Henry Dunant—a Swiss businessman—who first founded in 1863 in Geneva ‘Committee of theFive’ to examine the feasibility to form national voluntaryrelief organisation to help nurse wounded soldiers in thecase of war. Actually Dunant felt the need of such anorganisation after he witnessed the Battle of Solferino in1859 in which 40,000 soldiers died or were left woundedon the field with near total lack of medical attendance andbasic care. In 1863 the Committee of five was renamed‘International Committee for Relief to the wounded.’ In

October 1863, the International Conference organized bythe Committee was held in Geneva to develop possible

J. Kellenberger :

ICRC President

measures to improve medical serviceson the battle field. In 1864 the Con-ference adopted the first Geneva Con-vention for the Amelioration of thecondition of the wounded in Armies inthe field. The ICRC is part of the Inter-national Red Cross and Red CrescentMovement alongwith the InternationalFederation and 186 National Societies. Ithas won three Nobel Prizes in 1917, 1944,and 1963.

Geneva Conventions of 1949The Geneva Conventions and their additional pro-

tocol are international treaties that contain the mostimportant rules limiting the barbarity of war. They protectpeople who do not take part in the fighting (civilians,medics and and those people who can no longer fight(wounded, sick and shipwrecked troops, prisoners ofwar). The conventions and their protocols call formeasures to be taken to prevent or put an end to allbreaches. They contain stringent rules to deal with whatare known as grave breaches. Those responsible for gravebreaches must be sought, tried or extradited, whatevernationality they may hold.

Landmarks in the History of ICRC1859 : Battle of Solferino–Henry Dunant.1863 : International Committee for the relief of

military wounded; as from 1876, Inter-national Committee of the Red Cross.

1864 : Geneva Convention for the Amelioration ofthe condition of the wounded in armies inthe field.

1867 : First International Conference of the RedCross

1919 : League of Red Cross as from 1983, League ofRed Cross and Red Crescent Societies asfrom 1991, International Federation of RedCross and Red Crescent Societies.

1949 : Geneva Conventions1965 : Proclamation of the Fundamental Principles

of the Red Cross1986 : Statutes of the International Red Cross and

Red Crescent Movement1989 : Conventions on the Rights of the Child1998 : Rome Statute of the International Criminal

Court2008 : Convention on cluster Munitions

PD/July/2010/103 “Law is mind without reason.”

ICRC’s Mandate and Mission

The ICRC has a legal mandate from the internationalcommunity. That mandate has two sources. The 1949Geneva Conventions, which task the ICRC with visitingprisoners, organising relief operations, re-uniting separa-ted families and similar humanitarian activities duringarmed conflicts which encourage it to undertake similarwork in situations of internal violence where the GenevaConventions do not apply. The Geneva Conventions arebinding instruments of international law, applicableworldwide. The statutes of the movement are adopted atthe international Conference of the Red Cross and RedCrescent which takes place every four years and at whichlegal states that are party to the Geneva conventions takepart, thereby conferring a quasi-legal or soft law status onthe statutes.

Structure of ICRC

The ICRC is headquartered in the Swiss city ofGeneva. It has external offices called Delegations in about80 countries. Each delegation is under the responsibilityof a Head of delegation who is the official representativeof the ICRC in the country. Delegations also often workclosely with the National Red Cross Societies of thecountries where they are based and thus can call on thevolunteers of the National Red Cross to assist in some ofthe ICRC operations.

The Directorate of ICRC

The Directorate is the executive body of the Com-mittee. It attends to the daily management of ICRCwhereas the Assembly sets the policy. The Directorateconsists of a Director-General and five directors in theareas of operations, Human Resources, Resources andOperational Support, Communication and InternationalLaw and Cooperation within the Movement.

The Assembly

The Assembly (also called the Committee) conveneson a regular basis and is responsible for defining aims,guidelines and strategies for supervising the financialmatters of the committee. The Assembly has a member ofa maximum of 25 Swiss citizens. These Assembly mem-bers are appointed for a period of four years and there isno limit to the number of terms an individual member canserve. A three quarters majority vote from all members isrequired for re-election after the third term, which acts asa motivation for members to remain active and pro-ductive.

Assembly Council

A five member Assembly Council constitutes anespecially active core of the Assembly. The Council meetsat least ten times per year and has the authority to decideon behalf of the full Assembly in some matters. TheCouncil is also responsible for organizing the Assemblymeetings and for facilitating communication between theAssembly and the Directorate. The Assembly Councilnormally includes the President, two Vice-Presidents and

two elected members. While one of the Vice-Presidents iselected for a four year term, the other is appointedpermanently with his tenure ending by retirement fromthe Vice-Presidency or from the committee.

ICRC Funding and Financing

The ICRC is funded by contributions from statesparty to the Geneva Conventions (governments); NationalRed Cross and Red Crescent Societies; supernationalorganizations (such as the European Commission); andpublic and private sources. All funding is voluntary. TheICRC does not wait to receive funds before it responds tourgent needs in the field and counts on the goodwill of itscontributors to provide the funds as quickly as possible.At the end of each year, the ICRC launches two budgetappeals, for headquarters and the field to cover thecoming year; operational information and statistical andfinancial tables (based on the original appeals) are com-bined in Annual Report.

International Humanitarian Law

International Humanitarian Law is a set of ruleswhich seek, for humanitarian reasons, to limit the effectsof armed conflict. It protects persons who are no longerparticipating in the hostilities and restricts the means andmethods of warefare. International humanitarian law isalso known as the law of war or the law of armed conflict.

P.Darpan

PD/July/2010/104 “Pleasure in the job puts perfection in the work.”

Multiple Choice QuestionsMultiple Choice Questions

Current QuestionnaireCurrent QuestionnaireCurrent QuestionnaireCurrent QuestionnaireCurrent Questionnaire1. India recently signed a major

deal on education with—(A) Japan (B) Australia(C) Russia (D) U.S.A.

2. Dantewada was in news recentlyfor the reason of—(A) Communal violence(B) Naxal Terror(C) Caste Clashes(D) None of the above

3. INS Kamorta is country’s first—(A) Anti-submarine warfarecorvette(B) Nuclear submarine(C) First naval aircraft carrier(D) None of the above

4. Sixteenth SAARC Summitrecently was held in—(A) Thimphu(B) Kathmandu(C) Colombo(D) Dhaka

5. The new Chief Justice of theSupreme Court of India is—(A) K. G. Balakrishnan(B) Gyan Sudha Mishra(C) S. H. Kapadia(D) None of the above

6. The deal ‘New START’ hasrecently been signed between—(A) Russia and USA(B) UK and Japan(C) India and China(D) China and Russia

7. The Central Asian country whichrecently came into news forpolitical turmoil is—(A) Uzbekistan(B) Kyrgyztan(C) Tajikistan(D) Turkemenistan

8. Which of the following Consti-tutional Amendment Bills inPakistan aimed at stripping thePresident of key powers ?(A) 15th Constitution Amend-ment Bill

(B) 18th Constitution Amend-ment Bill(C) 20th Constitution Amend-ment Bill(D) 22nd Constitution Amend-ment Bill

9. Where was the Sixteenth ASEANSummit held ?(A) Delhi(B) Beijing(C) Hanoi(D) Kuala Lumpur

10. ‘United People’s FreedomAlliance’ recently won a majorityin the parliamentary electionsin—(A) Sri Lanka(B) Nepal(C) Maldives(D) Vietnam

11. …… IBSA Summit 2010 wasrecently held in Brasilia.(A) Third (B) Fourth(C) Fifth (D) Sixth

12. Which of the European countriesrecently came into news foreruption of volcano ?(A) England (B) Finland(C) Iceland (D) Denmark

13. The World’s first HomeopathyUniversity is being establishedin—(A) Karnataka(B) Rajasthan(C) Tamil Nadu(D) Kerala

14. The new NASSCOM Chairmanis—(A) Gopal Subramanium(B) Harsh Manglik(C) G. Raghurama(D) Mukul Sangma

15. The first woman to conquer theWorld’s 14 highest mountainsis—(A) Dorothy Height

(B) Oh Eun Sun

(C) Aditi Malik(D) None of the above

16. The All India ManagementAssociation (AIMA) LifetimeAchievement Award has beenconferred on—(A) Ratan Tata(B) R. P. Goenka(C) Mukesh Ambani(D) Azim Premji

17. The Best Parliamentarian Awardfor 2009 has been conferred on—(A) Jaipal Reddy(B) Murli Manohar Joshi(C) Mohan Singh(D) None of the above

18. Asko Parpola recently bagged—(A) Classical Tamil Award(B) Padma Vibhushan(C) Jnanpeeth Award(D) None of the above

19. The best batsman award ofIndian Premier League-III wasreceived by—(A) Suresh Raina(B) M. S. Dhoni(C) Sachin Tendulkar(D) Pragyan Ojha

20. Which of the following Indianshas got prestigious Dan DavidAward ?(A) Amitav Ghosh(B) Dev Anand(C) Mani Shankar Mukherjee(D) None of the above

21. Which South Asian country inApril 2010 experienced heavyquake ?(A) Nepal (B) China(C) India(D) Afghanistan

22. SIMBEX-10 was a recently heldmaritime exercise between Indiaand—(A) USA (B) China(C) Malaysia (D) Singapore

PD/July/2010/105 “Poverty is the parent of revolution and crime.”

23. The government has decided todeclare the World’s largest riverisland Majuli—(A) A protective zone(B) An eco-sensitive zone(C) A national heritage(D) None of the above

24. World Environment Day isobserved on—(A) June 3 (B) June 4(C) June 5 (D) June 6

25. The champion of Indian PremierLeague-III is—(A) Mumbai Indians(B) Chennai Super Kings(C) Deccan Chargers(D) Rajasthan Royals

26. How many teams participated inICC World Twenty-20 Cup ?(A) Ten Teams(B) Twelve Teams(C) Eight Teams(D) Seven Teams

27. Which of the following won theSony Ericsson Tennis Cham-pionship men’s title ?

(A) Lukas Dlouhy

(B) Mahesh Bhupati

(C) Leander Paes

(D) Andy Roddick

28. The winner of Augusta Masterstitle (Golf) is—

(A) Richard Karlberg(B) Phil Mickelson(C) Tiger Woods(D) Lee Westwood

29. Who won the Chinese GrandPrix recently ?(A) Jenson Button(B) Sebastian Vettel(C) Valentino Rossi(D) Mark Webber

30. Sebastian Vettel recently emer-ged winner in—(A) Qatar Grand Prix(B) Malaysian Grand Prix(C) Chinese Grand Prix(D) None of the winner

31. Who has won the Men’s title ofBadminton Asia Championship ?(A) Wang Zhengming(B) Lin Dan

(C) Gun Woo Choo(D) Ling Chen

32. Who has won the women’s titleof Badminton Championship ?(A) Xuerui Li (B) Xin Liu(C) Pan Pan (D) Qing Tian

33. The Unique Identification (UID)project, headed by NandanNilekani has been renamed—(A) Aadhar(B) Pratiksha(C) Sambandh(D) Samarthan

34. India’s 15th National CensusExercise began on—(A) April 10, 2010(B) March 10, 2010(C) April 1, 2010(D) April 30, 2010

35. As per the schedule, the Census2011 Exercise work will becompleted by—(A) February 28, 2011(B) March 1, 2011(C) March 5, 2011(D) March 31, 2011

36. Which country was on the top inmedal tally in South AsianGames 2010 ?(A) Pakistan(B) India(C) Sri Lanka(D) Afghanistan

37. The Best feature film chosen atthe 56th National Film Awardsis—(A) Antaheen (B) Jogva(C) Rock on (D) Fashion

38. Who among the following per-sonalities awarded PadamVibhushan is percussionist andMrudangam Vidwan ?

(A) Umayalpuram K. Sivaraman

(B) Zohra Segal

(C) Bipin Chandra

(D) Prathap C. Reddy

39. Praduman Singh Jindrahiawhose composition Geet Sarovarwas awarded Sahitya AkademiAward 2009 is a noted andfamous poet of—(A) Assamese (B) Dogri(C) Gujarati (D) Konkani

40. Irina Bokova is currently thehead of—(A) Asian Development Bank(B) UNESCO(C) International Monetary Fund(D) World Bank

Answers with Explanations

Continued on Page 107

PD/July/2010/106 “A fanatic is one who can’t change his mind and won’t change the subject.”

Current Objective QuestionsCurrent Objective Questions

Trade and IndustryTrade and IndustryTrade and IndustryTrade and IndustryTrade and Industry1. Ambani Brothers have cancelled

non-compete agreement whichwas signed in—

(A) 2004 (B) 2005(C) 2006 (D) 2007

2. As per third advance estimates offoodgrains for 2009-10 releasedby the Ministry of Agriculture,the total foodgrain productionhas been estimated at—

(A) 216·85 MT

(B) 218·19 MT

(C) 222·03 MT

(D) 226·13 MT

3. During 2009-10 the trade deficitin India has been estimated at—

(A) $ 118·4 billion(B) $ 112·3 billion(C) $ 108·4 billion(D) $ 102·1 billion

4. Which of the following publicsector enterprises is not in the listof companies being consideredfor ‘Maharatna’ status ?

(A) ONGC (B) SAIL(C) NTPC (D) OIL

5. Industrial growth for the year2009-10 has been estimated at—

(A) 8·5%(B) 10·4%(C) 12·3%(D) Below 5%

6. Bank of Rajasthan is beingmerged with—

(A) HDFC Bank(B) ICICI Bank

(C) AXIS Bank(D) None of the above

7. The 20th member joining‘Navratna Club’ of public sectorenterprises is—

(A) Coal India Ltd.

(B) Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd.

(C) Oil India Ltd.

(D) Power Grid Corporation ofIndia

8. In the very first month of 2010-11(i.e., April 2010) Indian exportsregistered a growth of—

(A) – 4·2%(B) + 4·2%(C) + 26·3%(D) + 36·2%

9. During 2009-10, India’s gems &jewellery exports registered agrowth of—

(A) – 3% (B) + 6%(C) + 16% (D) + 26%

10. For the sugarcane having recov-ery of 9·5%, the government hasfixed Fair and RemunerativePrices (FRP) of sugarcane for thesugarcane year 2010-11 (i.e.,October 2010 to September 2011)at—

(A) Rs. 139·12 per quintal(B) Rs. 142·32 per quintal(C) Rs. 146·12 per quintal(D) Rs. 156·12 per quintal

11. For the merger of Bank of Rajas-than with ICICI Bank, the shareswap ratio between ICICI Bankand Bank of Rajasthan has beenfixed at—(A) 1 : 3·72 (B) 1 : 3·92(C) 1 : 4·52 (D) 1 : 4·72

12. As on April 30, 2010 the totalnumber of ‘Navratna’ statushaving public sector enterprisesis—

(A) 18 (B) 19(C) 20 (D) 21

13. Belgium banking and insurancegroup KBC is being acquiredby—

(A) Tata Group

(B) Hinduja Group

(C) Reliance Group

(D) AXIS Bank Group

14. Commerce Ministry has pro-posed the foreign direct invest-ment ceiling to be raised fromexisting 26% to—

(A) 49% (B) 51%(C) 74% (D) 76%

15. Planning Commission has set upa High Level Expert Committeeto suggest measures for efficientmanagement of public expendi-ture under the chairmanship of—

(A) Prof. Ravindra Dholakia(B) C. Rangrajan(C) K. Kasturiranjan(D) Nitin Desai

16. Parliament on May 5, 2010 passedthe payment of Gratuity (Amend-ment) Bill 2010 which increasesthe gratuity limit for employeesfrom Rs. 3·5 lakh to—

(A) Rs. 5 lakh(B) Rs. 7·5 lakh(C) Rs. 10 lakh(D) Rs. 12·5 lakh

17. India’s first electricity museum‘CLP Electro dome displayingevolution of power from vedicdays to nuclear power generationhas been established in—

(A) Bangalore(B) Ahmedabad(C) Delhi(D) Hyderabad

18. 16th SAARC Summit concludedin Thimpu (Bhutan). The 17thSAARC Summit is scheduled tobe held in 2011 in—

(A) Maldives(B) Sri Lanka(C) Nepal(D) Pakistan

19. The minimum support price ofthe raw jute for the year 2010-11has been raised from Rs. 1375 perquintal (for the year 2009-10)to—

(A) Rs. 1425 per quintal(B) Rs. 1525 per quintal(C) Rs. 1575 per quintal(D) Rs. 1625 per quintal

20. Railway Minister MamtaBanerjee flags off ‘Aurobindo

PD/July/2010/107

Express’ which is a weeklyexpress train to run between—

(A) Delhi and Puducherry(B) Howrah and Puducherry(C) Sealdah and Puducherry(D) Asansol and Puducherry

21. In Forbes list of companies for2010 i.e., Global 2000, how manyIndian companies found a place ?

(A) 47 (B) 50(C) 56 (D) 62

22. As per the data released byTRAI, the tele-density (i.e., thenumber of telephone connectionsper 100 people) in the country atthe end of March 2010 standsat—

(A) 47·88%(B) 52·74%(C) 55·32%(D) 59·63%

23. Who is the census commissionerfor the census 2011 ?

(A) C. Chandramauli(B) G.K. Pillai(C) J. Harinarayan(D) J.S. Sharma

24. Sony India has appointed a newBrand Ambassador to promotethe sale of its digital cameras inthe market. Who is the oneamong the following ?

(A) Kareena Kapoor(B) Deepika Padukone(C) Saif Ali Khan(D) Preeti Zinta

25. Who is the newly appointedChairman of NASSCOM for thesession 2010-11 ?

(A) Lalit K. Pawar(B) Pramod Bhaseen(C) Harsh Manglik(D) T.M. Bhaseen

Answers

P.Darpan

Continued from Page 105

P.Darpan

EARN TO WRITECORRECT ENGLISH

Rs. 215·00

(English Medium)

Purchase from nearest bookseller or get the copy byV.P.P. sending M. O. of Rs. 100/- on the following address

As the Latest and AllComprehensive Books

forAll CompetitiveExaminations.

(English-Hindi Medium)

Read Upkar’s

EARN TO WRITECORRECT ENGLISHL

L

C

UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA–2

ORRECT ENGLISH :HOW TO WRITE IT

Rs. 195·00

By : Dr. B.B. Jain

Rs. 210·00

(English-Bangla)

PD/July/2010/108

Indian History

R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre.) EXAM., 2008

(Held on 7-1-2009)

Solved Paper

1. Vikramshila University was esta-blished by—(A) Dharmapal(B) Devapal(C) Narayanapal(D) Mahipal

2. Who among the following direc-ted to throw bomb on ViceroyLord Hardinge ?(A) Khudiram Bose(B) Rasbihari Bose(C) Chandrashekhar Azad(D) Ramprasad Bismil

3. The author of Tabqat-i-Nasiriis—(A) Minhaj-us-Siraj(B) Ziyauddin Barni(C) Amir Khusro(D) Mehadi Hussain

4. During Akbar’s reign the biggestgold coin was called—(A) Ilahi (B) Jalali(C) Dam (D) Shamsab

5. Who among the following was aleader of Wahabi Movement ?(A) Mohammed Ali(B) Ajmal Khan(C) Syed Ahmad(D) M. A. Ansari

6. When did Akbar abolish Jaziya ?(A) 1563 (B) 1564(C) 1565 (D) 1566

7. Rani Jhansi Regiment is relatedwith—(A) Azad Hind Fauj(B) Gandhi Brigade(C) Nehru Brigade(D) Azad Brigade

8. How many tirthas (Officials) arereferred in Arthashastra ?(A) 16 (B) 17(C) 18 (D) 19

9. Jaunpur was established by—(A) Balban(B) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq

(C) Mohammed-bin-Tughlaq(D) Firoz Shah Tughlaq

10. Agam Siddhant is religiousliterature of—(A) Buddhism(B) Jainism(C) Brahmanism(D) Veda

11. The Second Capital of Guptaruler Chandragupta II was—(A) Ujjain(B) Malwa(C) Saurashtra(D) Mehrauli

12. Which one is related withMahatma Buddha ?

(A) Malla (B) Deva

(C) Shakya (D) Koliya

13. Which one of the followingMauryan rulers was Jaina ?(A) Kunal(B) Samprati(C) Dasharatha(D) Jalauk

14. When did Albaruni, a scholar ofCentral Asia visited India ?(A) Mahmud Ghaznavi(B) Mohammed Ghori(C) Qutub-ud-din Aibak(D) Iltutmish

15. Chola rulers were followers of—(A) Vaishnavism(B) Shaivism(C) Shaktism(D) Jainism

16. During Mauryan age, Avanti-path was—(A) Northern Province(B) Southern Province(C) Western Province(D) Eastern Province

17. Paramaras were residents of—(A) Malwa (B) Rajasthan(C) Gujarat (D) Orissa

18. “Brahmanical reaction was res-ponsible for the downfall of theMauryan Empire.” Who said ?(A) Harprasad Shastri(B) U. N. Ghoshal(C) D. D. Koshambi(D) Romila Thapar

19. The grant of ‘Diwani’ in Bengal,Bihar and Orissa was given tothe English East India Companyby the Treaty in 1765 with—(A) Shah Alam II(B) Mir Qasim(C) Siraj-ud-daula(D) Francis Joseph Dupleix

20. Vernacular Press Act passed in—(A) 1877 (B) 1878(C) 1879 (D) 1880

21. When did Deimachos, the Greekambassador, visited India ?(A) Chandragupta Maurya(B) Bindusar(C) Ashok(D) Brihadrath

22. Who called British Economicpolicy as ‘Colonial Economy’ ?(A) Mahatma Gandhi(B) Jawaharlal Nehru(C) Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel(D) Madan Mohan Malaviya

23. When did separate electoratesystem was established forMuslims ?(A) 1908 (B) 1909(C) 1910 (D) 1911

24. The statement of MahatmaGandhi that it was ‘a post-datedcheque’ was related to—(A) The Simon Commission(B) The Cripps Mission(C) The Cabinet Mission(D) The Young-Husband’sMission

25. Under which Viceroy’s tenureIndian National Congress wasformed ?

PD/July/2010/109

(A) Lord Dufferin(B) Lord Ripon(C) Lord Lansdowne(D) Lord Curzon

26. Fort William was situated in—(A) Madras(B) Machalipattnam(C) Orissa(D) Calcutta

27. The author of “Indian Epigra-phy” is—(A) D. C. Sircar(B) Oldenburg(C) F.F. Pargitar(D) H. D. Sankalia

28. Where did Britishers establishtheir first trade centre ?(A) Calcutta (B) Surat(C) Bombay (D) Karnatak

29. Who was Alara Kalama ?(A) Disciple of Buddha(B) Prominent Buddhist monk(C) Teacher of Buddha(D) Ruler who criticisedBuddhism

30. Which session of the IndianNational Congress approved‘Gandhi-Irwin Pact’ ?(A) Karachi Session(B) Lahore Session(C) Calcutta Session(D) Tripura Session

31. Which Urdu poet was invited tothe Second and Third RoundTable Conference ?(A) Faiz Ahmad Faiz(B) Mohammad Iqbal(C) Josh Malihabadi(D) Firaq Gorakhpuri

32. The author of Historica is—(A) Justin(B) Herodotus(C) Deodorus(D) Megasthenes

33. Kalibanga is situated in—(A) Gujarat(B) Punjab (Pakistan)(C) Rajasthan(D) Haryana

34. With reference to the SwadeshiMovement during the IndianFreedom Struggle, which of the

following statement is notcorrect ?(A) The theme song of SwadeshiMovement in Bengal was Ravin-dranath’s “Amar Sonar Bangla”.(B) Syed Haider Raza led theSwadeshi Movement in India(C) The Ganapati and Shivajifestival became a medium of themovement(D) The Surat split in 1907 wea-kened the Swadeshi Movement

35. Who among the following wasfond of slaves ?(A) Alauddin Khalji(B) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq(C) Mohammed-bin-Tughlaq(D) Firoz Shah Tughlaq

36. Sravanabelgola is associatedwith—(A) Chandragupta Maurya(B) Ashok(C) Vihnugupta(D) Dasharath

37. Who called Samudragupta‘Napolean of India’ ?(A) R. K. Mukherjee(B) R. C. Dutt(C) R. S. Sharma(D) V. A. Smith

38. Which language was the Statelanguage during the Sultanateperiod ?(A) Arabic (B) Persian(C) Turkish (D) Urdu

39. Dahasala system was introducedby Akbar in—(A) 1575 (B) 1580(C) 1590 (D) 1602

40. Which mughal Emperor introdu-ced “Duaspa-Sihaspa” method inMansabdari System ?(A) Akbar(B) Jahangir(C) Shahjahan(D) Aurangzeb

41. Who among the following recog-nised important role played bywomen in family and society inhis preachings ?(A) Guru Nanak(B) Saint Ravidas(C) Saint Gyaneshwar(D) Saint Tukaram

42. The Kalinga War conquered byAshoka is described in—

(A) Rock Edict I

(B) Rock Edict V

(C) Pillar Edict VII

(D) Rock Edict XIII

43. Who was called ‘dvija’ ?(A) Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya(B) Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra(C) Brahman, Vaishya, Shudra(D) Shudra, Kshatriya, Brahman

44. Ibn Batuta, the famous travellerof 14th Century, lived in—(A) Venice (B) Geneva(C) Spain (D) North Africa

45. Nizamuddin Aulia and Nasir-ud-din Chirag were—(A) Sohrawardi Saint(B) Chishti Saint(C) Nakshbandi Saint(D) Silsilah

46. How many ruling dynasties werethere in the Delhi Sultanate ?(A) 2 (B) 3(C) 4 (D) 5

47. Who was the President of 3rdBuddhist Assembly ?(A) Mahakassap(B) Vasumitra(C) Ashvaghosha(D) Moggaliputta Tissa

48. Kharaj was meant by—

(A) Land Tax (B) House Tax

(C) Loan (D) Law

49. Which one of the followingMuslim leaders joined the HomeRule League founded by Annie-Besant ?

(A) Mohammed Iqbal

(B) Mohammed Ali Jinnah

(C) Syed Ahmad Khan

(D) Abul Kalam Azad

50. Rowlatt Act passed in—(A) 1916 (B) 1917(C) 1918 (D) 1919

51. Sangam is meant for—(A) Dynasty of South India(B) Tamil religious literature(C) Assemblies of TamilScholars(D) Ancient name of South India

PD/July/2010/110

52. Which one among the followingis the oldest Stupa ?

(A) Stupa of Sanchi

(B) Stupa of Piprawah

(C) Stupa of Bharahut

(D) Stupa of Amaravati

53. Which of the following text refersChandragupta Maurya as‘Vrishal’ ?(A) Mudrarakshasa(B) Arthashastra(C) Indica(D) Mahavamsha

54. In which of the following CouncilJainism was divided into two ?

(A) First Jain Council

(B) Second Jain Council

(C) Third Jain Council

(D) Fourth Jain Council

55. “India for the Indians.” Whosaid ?

(A) Swami Vivekanand

(B) Madan Mohan Malaviya

(C) Dayanand

(D) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

56. Which one of the following is notcorrect ?

(A) Indian National Congress,Calcutta Session (1887)

(B) Indian National Congress,Lucknow Session (1916)

(C) Indian National Congress,Gaya Session (1922)

(D) Indian National Congress,Tripuri Session (1939)

57. Irani System of ‘Sajda’ wasstarted by—(A) Balban(B) Razia(C) Iltutmish(D) Mohammed Tughlaq

58. Mohammed Ghori was assassi-nated by—(A) Hazras (B) Khokkars(C) Yurtwals (D) Baluchis

59. “Swaraj is my birth right.” Whosaid ?

(A) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

(B) Dadabhai Naoroji

(C) Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose

(D) Bhagat Singh

60. The first Turkish Sultan to crossVindhyachal ranges was—(A) Iltutmish(B) Balban(C) Alauddin Khilji(D) Firoz Shah Tughlaq

61. Ajanta Paintings are relatedwith—(A) Jainism (B) Brahmanism(C) Shaktism (D) Buddhism

62. The author of Anandmath was—(A) Bankim Chandra Chatterjee(B) Sharat Chandra Chatterjee(C) Ravindra Nath Tagore(D) S. C. Bose

63. The author of ‘Poverty and Un-British Rule in India’ is—

(A) Lala Lajpat Rai

(B) Dadabhai Naoroji

(C) Surendra Nath Banerjee

(D) R. C. Dutt

64. By which Act, Rule of East IndiaCompany ended in India ?

(A) Regulating Act, 1773

(B) Pitt’s India Act, 1784

(C) Government of India Act,1858

(D) Morley-Minto Act, 1909

65. In which age Brahmanas wereinferior than Kshatriyas ?(A) Vedic age(B) Buddha age(C) Maurya age(D) Post-Mauryan age

66. How many Pitakas are inBuddhist literature ?(A) 1 (B) 2(C) 3 (D) 4

67. Rana Sanga is related with—

(A) Malwa (B) Khajuraho(C) Mandu (D) Mewar

68. In which month Quit IndiaMovement of 1942 started ?

(A) January (B) July

(C) August (D) December

69. Who is the author of PrithvirajRaso ?(A) Chandabardai(B) Gunadhya(C) Amir Khusro(D) Samdeva

70. Pandyas were centred in—(A) Madurai(B) Tanjore(C) Andhra Pradesh(D) Kaveripattan

71. During the Mauryan age ‘bhaga’was—(A) House Tax(B) Land Tax(C) Water Tax(D) Hiranya

72. Who among the following wasknown as ‘Frontier Gandhi’ ?

(A) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan

(B) Syed Amir Ali

(C) Abul Kalam Azad

(D) Abdul Gaffar Khan

73. The founder of Gadar Partywas—(A) Basudev Balwant Phadke(B) Vinay Damodar Savarkar(C) Lala Hardayal(D) Bhagat Singh

74. The name of the committee toenquire Jallianwala BaghMassacre was—

(A) Simon Commission

(B) Hunter Commission

(C) Raymond Commission

(D) Linlithgo Commission

75. Which court was considered asthe highest criminal court ofappeal during East India Com-pany ?(A) Circuit Court(B) Provincial Court(C) Sadar Diwani(D) Sadar Nizamat

76. Which Mughal Emperor increa-sed more number of Rajputand Maratha Mansabdars in hisreign ?(A) Akbar (B) Jahangir(C) Shajahan (D) Aurangzeb

77. In which Session, Congressdemanded ‘Poorna Swaraj’ ?

(A) Lucknow Session 1916(B) Calcutta Session 1917(C) Kanpur Session 1925(D) Lahore Session 1929

78. Which Mauryan ruler was called‘Amitraghat’ by Greek writers ?

PD/July/2010/111

(A) Chandragupta Maurya(B) Bindusara(C) Ashoka(D) Dasharatha

79. Which foreign traveller visitedVijaynagar Empire during 1420 ?(A) Alhanasius Nikitin(B) Farishta(C) Abdur Razzaq(D) Nicolo-de-Conti

80. When did Aurangzeb took thetitle of ‘Alamgir’ ?(A) 1658 (B) 1659(C) 1660 (D) 1661

81. During the reign of which of thefollowing did Vijaynagar Empirecome into existence ?(A) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq(B) Mohammed-bin-Tughlaq(C) Firoze Shah Tughlaq(D) Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah

82. The term ‘dastak’ implies—(A) Riot(B) Duty free trade(C) Port(D) Market

83. When did Akbar abolish theslavery and protected humanrights ?(A) 1582 (B) 1583(C) 1584 (D) 1585

84. The author of “Indian Mussal-mans” is—(A) W. W. Hunter(B) Sir Aga Khan(C) Atulanand Chakravarti(D) Rizaul Karim

85. Who was the last GovernorGeneral and First Viceroy ofIndia ?(A) Lord Lawrence(B) Lord Mayo(C) Lord Canning(D) Lord Lytton

86. Which Session of Indian NationalCongress was presided bySubhash Chandra Bose ?(A) Haripura (B) Nagpur(C) Lahore (D) Delhi

87. The statement that the revolt of1857 was “neither the first, nornational, nor war of indepen-dence” was made by—

(A) V. D. Savarkar(B) S. N. Sen(C) R. C. Majumdar(D) Benjamin Disraeli

88. In the revenue settlement ofTodarmal the land never leftfallow was known as—(A) Polaj (B) Parauti(C) Chachar (D) Banjar

89. Nagarjuna Stupa was construc-ted during the age of—(A) Buddha (B) Maurya(C) Gupta (D) Post Gupta

90. The ancient name of Assam is—(A) Pawa(B) Kamrup(C) Pippalivan(D) Ramgram

91. Which of the following stands for‘Iqta’ ?(A) Law of primogeniture(B) Crown land donated toarmy officers(C) State’s share in the warbooty(D) The grant of revenue from aterritory in lieu of salary

92. “Every Indian is corrupt.” Whosaid ?(A) Lord Cornwallis(B) Lord Wellesley(C) Lord Hastings(D) Lord Dalhousie

93. Vellore Mutiny took place in theyear of—(A) 1764 (B) 1806(C) 1857 (D) 1935

94. Dilwara Temple is the exampleof—(A) Buddhist architecture(B) Jain architecture(C) Mughal architecture(D) Sultanate architecture

95. The architect of Taj Mahal belon-ged to—(A) Italy (B) France(C) Turkey (D) Egypt

96. The central feature of Indiansociety during 800 to 1200 A.D.was—(A) Feudalism(B) Liberalism(C) Egalitarianism(D) Republic

97. Ryotwari Settlement was startedin—(A) Madras (B) Bengal(C) Bombay (D) Assam

98. The author of “Parties and Poli-tics in Mughal Court” is—(A) Satish Chandra(B) Irfan Habib(C) Nurul Hasan(D) Athar Ali

99. During the Mughals, change inthe architectural style is knownas—(A) Hindu Islamic style(B) Goethic style(C) Islamic style(D) Persian style

100. Which one of the following wasnot included in the Navratnas ofAkbar ?(A) Birbal (B) Todarmal(C) Mansingh (D) Badaoni

Answers with Explanations

PD/July/2010/113

Commerce

UGC-NET/JRF EXAMINATION, 2008

(Held in December 2008)

Paper-III(Based on Memory)

Solved Paper

Note—This paper is of twohundred (200) marks containing foursections. Candidates are required toattempt the questions contained inthese sections according to thedetailed instructions given therein.

Section-IDirections—This section contains

five questions based on the follow-ing paragraph. Each question shouldbe answered in about thirty wordsand each carries five marks.

There is a process of crucialchange in Indian economy. In the lastforty years, we have been following apath in which the public sector wasexpected to be the engine of growth.However towards the middle of theseventies, disenchantment with thepublic sector had started, but thevoices of protest were feeble andwere sporadic and inarticulate. Thefailure of the Public Sector to fulfil therole assigned to it resulted in theprotest becoming louder and morearticulate. Although even in thebeginning of eighties, the opening ofcertain areas hitherto reserved for thepublic sector was undertaken, but theGovernment was still hesitant tomake a clear statement. The first clearpronouncement on the public sectoroutliving the change in policy wasmade during 1991 by the then PrimeMinister of India, in his first broad-cast to the nation, when he said, “thepublic sector has spread into “Toomany areas, where it should not be,we will be developing our PublicSector to undertake jobs that thePrivate Sector cannot do. But we willbe opening up more to the PrivateSector so that it can expand and theeconomy can grow more freely.” Theculmination of all these develop-ments led to the announcement ofnew Industrial Policy 1991. Thedebate about Public Sector and Priva-tisation assumed great importancethereafter.

The principal charges against toPublic Sector are : low rate of returnon investment, declining contributionto national savings, poor capacityutilisation overstaffing and bureaua-tisation leading to excessive delaysand wastage of scarce resources.

Q. 1. What are the reasons forpromoting Public Sector Enter-prises ?

Ans.

Q. 2. What is the justificationfor reserving certain areas for PublicSector ?

Ans.

Q. 3. Identify the major chargesagainst Public Sector ?

Ans.

Q. 4. What led to the announce-ment of new Industrial Policy ?

Ans.

Q. 5. State the advantages ofPrivate Sector.

Ans.

Section-IIDirections—This section con-

tains fifteen question, each to beanswered in about thirty words. Eachquestion carries five marks.

Q. 6. What is E-marketing ?Ans.

Q. 7. What are derivates ?Ans.

Q. 8. What is career planning ?

Ans.

Q. 9. Write the salient featuresof factoring.

Ans.

PD/July/2010/114

Q. 10. Write the names of fiveaccounting standards.

Ans.

Q. 11. What is buying process ?Ans.

Q. 12. What do you mean byCurrent Account Convertibility ?

Ans.

Q. 13. Write three objectives ofASEAN.

Ans.

Q. 14. Define Morale.Ans.

Q. 15. Name five characteristicsof Normal Distribution.

Ans.

Q. 16. Name the ProfitabilityRatios.

Ans. (A) Based on Sales

Q. 17. What is Assessment year ?

Ans.

Q. 18. Discuss the main objec-tives of NAFTA.

Ans.

Q. 19. What is marketing mix ?Ans.

Q. 20. Write note on AdvancePayment of Tax.

Ans.

Section-IIIDirections—This section contains

five questions from each of theelectives/specialisations. The candi-date has to choose only one elective/specialisation and answer all the fivequestions from it. Each questioncarries twelve marks and is to beanswered in about two hundredwords.

PD/July/2010/115

Elective 1

(Accounting and Finance)Q. 21. What do you mean by the

term Capital Market ? Distinguishbetween Money market and Capitalmarket.

Ans.

Q. 22. What are different typesof currency options contracts ?Explain how the buyers and sellersof option benefit from the optiondeals.

Ans. Q. 23. Name the computer pro-

grammes used in Accounting.Ans.

Q. 24. Write five functions ofSecurities and Exchange Board ofIndia.

Ans.

PD/July/2010/116

Q. 25. Explain the Accountingstandard used for the preparation ofcash-flow statement in India.

Ans.

OR

Elective 2

(Marketing)Q. 21. Discuss the marketing

research procedures in detail.Ans.

Q. 22. Discuss the major factorsthat you will take into considerationwhile pricing a product.

Ans.

PD/July/2010/117

Q. 23. What is advertisingbudget ? What are the methods usedin determining advertising budgets ?

Ans.

Q. 24. Explain various types ofbranding strategies which can beadopted by a marketing Manager.

Ans.

Q. 25. Describe the varioussocial and ethical issues involved inthe Marketing.

Ans.

PD/July/2010/118

OR

Elective 3

(Human ResourceManagement)

Q. 21. Differentiate betweenPersonnel Management and HumanResources Management ?

Ans.

Q. 22. What is the importance ofHuman Resource Planning in thecontext of globalization ?

Ans.

Q. 23. Suggest measures toimprove morale of employees whenemployees go on strike ?

Ans.

Q. 24. What are different indus-trial safety measures to be followedas per safety Regulation Act.

Ans.

PD/July/2010/119

Q. 25. Differentiate between jobdescription and job analysis withtheir usage in HRM.

Ans.

OR

Elective 4

(International Business)Q. 21. Comment on the signifi-

cance of FDI in Insurance-Sector inIndia.

Ans.

Q. 22. What were the mainobjectives of the formation ofSAARC ?

Ans.

Q. 23. What is the impact ofvolatility of exchange rates ofmajor currencies on developingcountries ?

Ans.

PD/July/2010/120

Q. 24. Discuss the main featuresof the Doha Development Agenda.

Ans.

Q. 25. Describe the varioustechniques of Risk-Control.

Ans.

OR

Elective 5

(Income-Tax)Q. 21. Describe ‘Entertainment

Allowance’ according to the provi-sion of Income Tax.

Ans.

PD/July/2010/121

Q. 22. How is the income from arented house property computed ?

Ans.

Q. 23. What are the provisionsgoverning Set-Off of losses ?

Ans.

Q. 24. Write down the Income-Tax Rates regarding ‘Individual’,and ‘Hindu Undivided Family’,Assessment Year 2006-07.

Ans.

PD/July/2010/122

Q. 25. How would you define‘Partly Agricultural Income’ ?

Ans.

Section-IVDirections—This section consists

of one essay type question of fortymarks to be answered in about onethousand words on any of the follow-ing topics. Each question carries 40marks.

Q. 26. Critically examine therole of Public Sector in bringingabout structural changes in theindustrial economy of India.

Ans.

PD/July/2010/123

OR

Write a detailed note on thepoverty alleviation programmes inIndia.

Ans.

PD/July/2010/124

OR

What are the salient features ofNew Agricultural Strategy in India ?Discuss the achievements and shortcommings.

Ans.

Continued on Page 130

PD/July/2010/125

Law and General Knowledge

MADHYA PRADESH CIVIL JUDGE (Pre.) EXAM., 2009

Solved Paper

Part-I

LAW

1. Who administers oath to theGovernor of a State ?(A) President of India(B) Chief Justice of the StateHigh Court(C) Advocate General of theState(D) None of the Above

2. A person whose fundamentalrights are violated can move theHigh Court under—(A) Article 20 (B) Article 226(C) Article 32 (D) Article 22

3. Which of the following protectspersonal freedom ?(A) Quo-warranto(B) Mandamus(C) Habeas Corpus(D) Certiorari

4. Preamble of the Constitutiondeclares India as—(A) A Socialist DemocraticRepublic(B) A Sovereign Socialist SecularDemocratic Republic(C) A Sovereign DemocraticRepublic(D) A None of the above

5. Who among the following wasthe Chairman of the ConstitutionDrafting Committee ?(A) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar(B) Motilal Nehru(C) M. K. Gandhi(D) Sardar Patel

Code of Civil Procedure, 1908

6. Power granted to a Court underSection 151 of the Code of CivilProcedure is known as—

(A) Inherent power

(B) Appellate power

(C) Revisional power

(D) Reviewing power

7. An application for amendment ofpleadings is filed under—(A) Order 6 Rule 17(B) Order 6 Rule 5(C) Order 38 Rule 5(D) Order 21 Rule 1

8. Provisions with regard to resjudicata are provided in Section……… of the Code of Civil Pro-cedure, 1908.(A) Section 9(B) Section 12(C) Section 100(D) Section 11

9. A person instituting a suit in‘form of a pauper’ is known as—(A) Intelligent person(B) Juristic person(C) First person(D) Indigent person

10. A suit shall be instituted in aCourt within the local limits ofwhose jurisdiction—

(A) The plaintiff resides

(B) The Stamp Paper for enter-ing into the contract was pur-chased

(C) Where no cause of action inpart or full arose

(D) Where the cause of actionwholly or in part arose

Indian Contract Act

11. An Agreement in restraint ofmarriage of any person otherthan a minor is a—(A) Legal Contract(B) Voidable Contract(C) Fraudulent Contract(D) Void Contract

12. ‘A’ and ‘B’ contract to marryeach other, before the time fixedfor the marriage, ‘A’ goes mad,the contract becomes—

(A) Voidable Contract(B) Conditional Contract

(C) Contingent Contract(D) Void Contract

13. ‘A’ proposes by a letter to sell hishouse to ‘B’ for certain price,communication of this proposal iscomplete when—

(A) ‘A’ dispatches the letter(B) ‘A’ has completed writingthe letter(C) ‘B’ gets information aboutposting of the letter(D) ‘B’ receives the letter

14. Where the order in which reci-procal promises are to be per-formed is expressly fixed by thecontract, they shall be performedin that order; and where theorder is not expressly fixed itshall be performed—(A) In that order which thenature of transaction requires(B) In the order as one of theparties prefer(C) As desired by the proposal(D) None of the above

15. ‘A’ promises to obtain for ‘B’ anemployment in public serviceand ‘B’ promises to pay Rs. 1,000to ‘A’, the agreement between‘A’ and ‘B’—

(A) Is Legal and proper

(B) Can be enforced at theinstance of ‘B’

(C) Is Void agreement

(D) None of the above

16. A person employed to do anyact for another or to representanother in dealings with thethird person is—(A) A principal(B) A pawnor(C) An agent(D) A bailor

17. Insurance is a—(A) Contingent contract(B) Wagering contract

PD/July/2010/126

(C) Contract of indemnity(D) Contract of guarantee

Indian Evidence Act, 1872

18. Copies made from or comparedwith the original is—(A) Primary evidence(B) Secondary evidence(C) Inadmissible evidence(D) None of these

19. Whether confession made to aPolice Officer (while not in cus-tody) by an accused of an offencecan be proved against him and isa ……… Evidence—(A) Admissible(B) Not admissible(C) Partially admissible(D) None of these

20. The following is not the excep-tion to the rule of hearsay—(A) Dying declaration(B) Res gestae(C) Medical Expert’s Opinion(D) Confession

21. ‘A’ is charged with travelling ona railway without a ticket, theproving that he had a ticket ison—(A) Prosecution(B) Accused(C) Complainant(D) Prosecution witness

The Madhya Pradesh LandRevenue Code

22. Amongst the following who isnot a Revenue Officer as definedunder the Madhya Pradesh LandRevenue Code ?(A) Commissioner(B) Collector(C) Settlement Officer(D) Chairman, Board of Revenue

23. Revision powers are exercised bythe Board of Revenue under ……of the Madhya Pradesh LandRevenue Code.(A) Section 40 (B) Section 44(C) Section 46 (D) Section 50

24. A Bhumiswami can seek parti-tion of his agricultural landamongst his legal heirs duringhis life time by applying to the—(A) Patwari(B) Village Kotwar

(C) Tahsildar(D) Superintendent of LandRecord

25. Which amongst the following isnot the duty of a Patel appointedunder the Madhya Pradesh LandRevenue Code ?(A) To collect and pay LandRevenue into the Gram Kosh(B) To furnish reports regardingstate of his village(C) To prevent encroachment onwaste land, public path androadways(D) To maintain land records

26. Who is competent to transfer arevenue case from one District toanother under Section 29 of theM. P. Land Revenue Code ?(A) State Government(B) Board of Revenue(C) Chief Secretary(D) Revenue Minister

27. If a Bhumiswami is dispossessedof the land otherwise then in duecourse of law who can be orderedfor restoration of the possession ?(A) Tahsildar(B) Commissioner(C) Collector(D) S.D.O.

28. Wajib-ul-arz of a village ismaintained by the—(A) Patwari(B) Kotwar(C) Sub-Divisional Officer(D) Tahsildar

29. Which one of the followingmatter is not provided for in aNistar Patrak; terms and condi-tions on which—

(A) Grazing of cattle in thevillage is permissible

(B) The right to fishing may beobtained by a resident

(C) Wood, Timber or Fuel maybe obtained by a resident

(D) Mooram, Kankar or Sandmay be obtained by a resident

30. ……is not defined in the Code ?(A) Orchard(B) Arrears(C) Cooperative Society(D) Alluvion

Specific Relief Act, 1963

31. The relief provided under theSpecific Relief Act, is—(A) Discretionary(B) Mandatory(C) Statutory(D) Obligatory

32. In a suit for specific performanceof contract the plaintiff can seeka relief only if he establishesthat—(A) Prima facie case is in hisfavour(B) He was willing and ready toperform his part of the contract(C) Balance of Convenience is inhis favour(D) He may suffer irreparableloss

33. Find out the correct statement.Specific Relief can be granted—(A) For enforcing individualcivil rights and not for enforcinga penal law(B) For enforcing penal law andnot for enforcing civil rights(C) Only for enforcing penallaw(D) For enforcing civil rightsand a penal law

34. No suit for recovery of posses-sion may be instituted underSection 6 of Specific Relief Act—(A) Against Government(B) Against a Public Company(C) Against a Private Company(D) Against all of these

35. Find out the incorrect statementin respect of temporary injunc-tions—(A) Preventive relief granted atthe discretion of the Court(B) Such as are to continue untila specified time or until thefurther order of the Court(C) Regulated by the Code ofCivil Procedure(D) Cannot be granted at anystage of a suit

36. In which of the following caseswould the specific performanceof any contract not be enforcedby the Court ?

(A) Where the property is notan ordinary article of commerce

PD/July/2010/127

(B) Where the property consistsof goods which are not easilyobtainable in the market

(C) Where compensation inmoney can be afforded for non-performance of the contract as anadequate relief

(D) Where there exists nostandard for ascertaining theactual damage caused by non-performance of the contract

37. Which of the following contractscannot be specifically enforced asper the provision of Section 14 ofthe Act ?

(A) Execution of a formal deedof partnership

(B) Contract for the construc-tion of any building or executionof any other work on land

(C) Contract which is determin-able in its nature

(D) Contract to execute a mor-tgage or furnish any othersecurity for repayment of anyloan which the borrower is notwilling to repay at once

Transfer of Property Act

38. An instrument as defined underSection 3 of the Transfer ofProperty Act, 1882 means—(A) A Negotiable Instrument(B) A Transferable Instrument(C) A non-testamentary Instru-ment(D) A will

39. Where on a Transfer of Property,an interest therein is created infavour of a person to take effectonly on the happening of aspecified uncertain event, theTransfer is called—(A) Conditional Transfer(B) Transfer by Interest(C) Absolute Transfer(D) Contingent Transfer

40. The Transfer of Property Act,1882 covers—(A) Movable Property(B) Immovale Property(C) None(D) (A) and (B) both

41. Under the Transfer of PropertyAct, 1882 a person is said to havenotice of a fact when—

(A) He actually knows the fact(B) May have knowledge aboutthe fact(C) Could with reasonable causeknow the fact(D) Is not at all aware of the fact

42. A mortgage by deposit of titledeed is called—(A) Anomalous mortgage(B) English mortgage(C) Equitable mortgage(D) Usufructuary mortgage

43. Which of the following is not anactionable claim ?(A) Right to a Provident FundAccount(B) Promise to pay Rs. 500 if thepromisee succeed in L.L.B.examination(C) Agreement to pay Rs. 500 ifthe promisee marries a particularwoman

(D) Right to claim benefit of acontract coupled with a liability

44. ……… is defined as a security forrepayment of a loan.(A) Pledge(B) Mortgage(C) Lease(D) None of these

Madhya Pradesh Gram Nyaya-laya Adhiniyam

45. The normal term of office of amember nominated to a GramNyayalaya constituted under theMadhya Pradesh Gram Nyaya-laya Adhiniyam, 1996 is—(A) Two years(B) Three years(C) Five years(D) Six years

46. The State Government establi-shes Gram Nyayalaya for every—

(A) District (B) Tahsil(C) Block (D) Circle

47. Every person nominated as amember of the Gram Nyayalayabefore assuming office shallsubmit a declaration to the effectthat—

(A) He shall continue to be amember of political party

(B) He shall not pay subscrip-tion to any political party

(C) He shall not hold any officeof profit(D) He shall cease to be a mem-ber of political party from thedate he assumes office

48. A Gram Nyayalaya constitutedunder the M.P. Gram NyayalayaAdhiniyam, 1996 is notempowered to inquire or to tryan offence under Section—(A) 326 I.P.C. (B) 323 I.P.C.(C) 336 I.P.C. (D) 426 I.P.C.

49. A Gram Nyayalaya shall nothave exclusive jurisdiction underSection 16(ii) of M.P. GramNyayalaya Adhiniyam, 1996 toinquire and try offences under—(A) Cattle Trespass Act(B) M. P. Juvenile Smoking Act(C) Protection of Women fromDomestic Violence Act(D) Secton 13 of the PublicGambling Act

50. A Gram Nyayalaya should makeendeavour to—(A) Compromise a dispute(B) Should not compromise(C) Should make endeavour topunish the wrong doer(D) None of the above

Madhya Pradesh Accommoda-tion Control Act

51. If a landlord contravenes theprovision of Sub-section (1) ofSection 38 of the M. P. Accom-modation Control Act, he shallbe punished with imprisonmentfor a term which may extendto—(A) Two years(B) Six months(C) One month(D) Three months

52. A suit for eviction of a tenant onthe ground of bonafide need fornon-residential purpose is cove-red under Section …………of theMadhya Pradesh Accommoda-tion Control Act.(A) 12(1)(a) (B) 12(1)(b)(C) 12(1)(e) (D) 12(1)(f)

53. The special provision for evictionof a tenant on the ground ofbonafide requirement of a land-lord as provided under Chapter

PD/July/2010/128

III-A of the Madhya PradeshAccommodation Control Act isapplicable to—(A) A widow or a divorced wife(B) A woman in employment innon-governmental establishment(C) A married woman livingwith her husband(D) A business woman

54. Madhya Pradesh Accommoda-tion Control Act, 1961 is notapplicable to—(A) Accommodation which isused for non-residential purpose(B) Accommodation which isthe property of the Government(C) Accommodation which isthe property of a widow(D) Accommodation which isthe property of a minor children

55. No suit for the eviction of atenant shall be maintainable onthe grounds specified underSection 12(1)(e) or 12(1)(f), unlessa period of ………… has elapsedfrom the date of acquisition.(A) One year(B) Two years(C) Three years(D) Five years

56. An appeal shall lie from everyorder of the Rent ControllingAuthority made under MadhyaPradesh Accommodation ControlAct, 1961—(A) District Judge(B) Collector(C) Commissioner(D) High Court

57. Which of the following act cannotform ground of eviction of thetenant ?(A) Nuisance(B) Disclaimer of the title of thelandlord(C) Material structural alteration(D) Holding over

Code of Criminal Procedure,1973

58. Anticipatory bail under Section438 of the Code of CriminalProcedure, 1973 means—(A) A direction to release aperson on bail issued after aperson is arrested

(B) A direction to release aperson on bail issued even beforea person is arrested or is inapprehension of arrest(C) A direction to release aperson on bail from judicialcustody(D) A direction to release aperson on bail when he is inpolice custody after beingarrested

59. Inherent Powers under Section482 of the Code of CriminalProcedure, 1973 can be exercisedby—(A) Judicial Magistrate FirstClass(B) Sessions Judge(C) High Court(D) Chief Judicial Magistrate

60. Information regarding occur-rence of a cognizable offence isrecorded by an officer Inchargeof a Police Station under whichprovision of the Code of Crimi-nal Procedure, 1973 ?(A) Section 149(B) Section 154(C) Section 155(D) Section 200

61. A ……… is not entitled to main-tenance under Section 125 of theCode of Criminal Procedure,1973.(A) Wife unable to maintainherself(B) Divorced wife (not re-married)(C) Minor daughter(D) Divorced wife re-married

62. The Court of Magistrate of theFirst Class may pass a sentenceof imprisonment for a term—(A) Not exceeding three years ora fine not exceeding Rs. 10,000(B) Not exceeding one year or afine not exceeding Rs. 5,000(C) Not exceeding three years ora fine not exceeding Rs. 5,000(D) Not exceeding seven yearsor a fine prescribed under thecode

63. An offence of voluntarily causinggrievous hurt by dangerousweapons or means as providedunder Section 326 of the IndianPenal Code is—

(A) Compoundable(B) Non-Compoundable(C) Compoundable with thepermission of Court(D) None of the above

64. An inquest report must contain—

(A) The names of accused(B) The apparent cause of death(C) The details of weapons(D) The details of incident

65. If it appears to the Magistratethat the offence complained of istriable exclusively by the Courtof Session, he, under Section 202Cr. P.C., postponing the issue ofprocess against the accused—(A) Shall commit the case to theCourt of Session(B) May direct an investigationto be made by a police officer(C) Shall call upon the com-plainant to produce all his wit-nesses and examine them onoath(D) Shall return the complaintfor presentation before the Courtof Session

Indian Penal Code

66. A person himself does not com-mit an offence, he helps or aidsanother person, he is guilty of—(A) Abetment(B) Conspiracy(C) Incitement(D) None of these

67. ……… of the Indian Penal Codedefines ‘Murder’.(A) Section 299(B) Section 300(C) Section 301(D) Section 302

68. Which of the following is not‘Public Servant’ within themeaning of Section 21 of theCode ?(A) Municipal Commissioner(B) Member of Parliament(C) MLA(D) Examiner of University

69. A married man commits adul-tery if he has sexual intercoursewith a/an—(A) Unmarried woman(B) Married woman except hiswife

PD/July/2010/129

(C) Any woman except his wife(D) Unmarried woman withouther consent

70. Cruelty to a woman by husbandor relative of husband is definedunder—(A) Section 498 A of the IndianPenal Code(B) Section 498 of the IndianPenal Code(C) Section 497 of the IndianPenal Code(D) Section 496 of the IndianPenal Code

Part-II

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

71. Who is the Chairperson of Iden-tification Authority of India(UIA) ?(A) Dr. M. S. Swaminathan(B) Nandan Nilekani(C) E. Shreedharan(D) M. N. Buch

72. Who won the 2009 Wimbledonon July 5th, 2009 ?(A) Pete Sampras(B) Rafael Nadal(C) Roger Federer(D) John McEnroe

73. Which country has the largestRail Network in the World ?(A) India (B) U. K.(C) China (D) U.S.A.

74. Who is the Union Law Ministerof India ?(A) Sharad Pawar(B) Kapil Sibbal(C) Verrappa Moily(D) Hansraj Bharadwaj

75. The Birthday of Late SarvepalliRadhakrishnan, ‘President ofIndia’, is celebrated as—(A) Lawyer’s Day(B) Teacher’s Day(C) Children’s Day(D) Father’s Day

76. Tirupati is in—(A) Andhra Pradesh(B) Karnataka(C) Tamil Nadu(D) Kerala

77. Kanha National Park is situatedin which District ?

(A) Jabalpur (B) Shahdol(C) Umaria (D) Mandla

78. River Narmada originates from—

(A) Bhedaghat(B) Amarkantak(C) Dindori(D) Allahabad

79. Gandhiji started Dandi March in1930—(A) Against atrocities commit-ted on Harijans(B) Against imposition of SaltTax(C) Against the commencementof Communal Riot(D) Against prohibition onIndian’s participating in elections

80. Who is the author of “MyExperiments with Truth” ?(A) Nehru (B) Tagore(C) Gandhi (D) Jinnah

81. NASA refers to—

(A) National Aeronautics andSpace Administration

(B) North Atlantic SpaceAgency

(C) North Airbase and SpaceAgency

(D) None of the above

82. I.S.O. 9000 is a—(A) Quality Standard Mark(B) Space Project(C) Trade Technique(D) None of these

83. Who among the following madea film on Mahatma Gandhi ?(A) Aparna Sen(B) Shyam Benegal(C) James Ivory(D) Richard Attenborough

84. ‘Law Day’ is observed on—(A) 26th January(B) 15th August(C) 26th May(D) 26th November

85. Which is the longest sea bridgein the country ?

(A) Vidyasagar Setu, Kolkata

(B) Bandra-Worli Sea Link,Mumbai

(C) Bhakra-Nangal Project(D) None of these

86. Dr. Rajendra Pachauri is a/an—(A) Banker(B) Industrialist(C) Environmentalist(D) Scientist

87. Who is the author of ‘Discoveryof India’ ?

(A) Jawaharlal Nehru(B) Mahatma Gandhi(C) Sarojini Naidu(D) Indira Gandhi

88. D.N.A. refers to—(A) Di-oxyribo Nucleic Acid(B) Di-oxide Nucleic Acid(C) Different Nucleic Acid(D) None of these

89. S.M.S. is—

(A) Short Messaging Sequence

(B) Short Messaging Service

(C) Short Manageable Service

(D) Short and Medium Service

90. Padma Bhushan Award is—

(A) Gallantry Award(B) Bravery Award(C) Civilian Award(D) Literary Award

91. Which city is known as the ‘Cityof Joy’ ?(A) Delhi (B) Mumbai(C) Kolkata (D) Chennai

92. Who is the Chief Justice ofMadhya Pradesh High Court ?(A) Justice R. S. Garg(B) Justice Dipak Misra(C) Justice A. K. Patnaik(D) None of these

93. Who won the ASHES CricketTest Series held in year 2009 ?(A) Australia(B) England(C) Pakistan(D) None of these

94. Who appoints a Judge of a HighCourt ?

(A) Governor(B) Chief Minister(C) President of India(D) Chief Justice of India

95. Which of these animals is notshown in the National Emblemof India ?

PD/July/2010/130

(A) Lion (B) Horse(C) Bull (D) Elephant

96. Which is the Mother State ofChhattisgarh ?

(A) Bihar(B) Uttar Pradesh(C) Uttarakhand(D) Madhya Pradesh

97. The Principal Seat of the MadhyaPradesh High Court is at—(A) Jabalpur (B) Bhopal(C) Gwalior (D) Indore

98. How many Civil Districts arethere in the State of MadhyaPradesh ?(A) 48 (B) 49(C) 50 (D) 51

99. Who won the men’s 100 m. finalrace at the recently held 2009IAAF Athletics World Cham-pionship in Berlin ?

(A) Tyson Gay of America(B) Usain Bolt of Jamaica(C) Asafa Powell of Jamaica(D) Yang Yong Eun of SouthKorea

100. The Finance Minister has pro-posed replacement of the IncomeTax Act by—

(A) The Finance Act, 2008(B) The Direct Tax Act(C) The Indian Taxation Code(D) The Direct Taxes Code

Answers

P.Darpan

Continued from Page 124

● It has promoted the uses of HYVseeds, fertilizers, machines etc.

● Considerable rise in production.● Large increase in foodgrains.● Significant change in agricultural

practices.● Large increase in the area of

multi-cropping.

● Decrease in import substitution.

● Promotion of export of agri-cultural products.

● Considerable rise in whiterevolution etc.

Short CommingsThe new agricultural strategy has

now become a subject of heateddebate in the country. Its short com-ings can be pointed out as follows—

● It has been limited in its cover-age on three counts—crops, landand region.

● The big rise in the output ofwheat could not make muchdifferences to the total foodgrains supply.

● Commercial crops were notcovered by the new strategy.

● The new agricultural strategyhas promoted personal inequali-ties in the rural sector and hasbeen responsible for wideningregional disparities.

● Agricultural inputs, in particularchemical fertilizers, were largelycornered by rich landlords. Thepoor farmers found themselveshandicapped by the small size ofresources like credit facilities,inadequate water supplies etc.

● An increase in the instability ofoutput between two seasons—Rabi season and Kharif season.Most of the HYV seeds havebeen developed for and usedduring the Rabi season, there hasbeen a larger increase in rabioutput as compared to that inthe Kharif output. P.Darpan

Continued from Page 81

were armed and assisted by thegovernment to take up the challengeof naxal threat. However, manyhuman right groups and legal expertsquestioned the involvement of armedcivilian in state security. Hence thescheme became controversial. Atpresent the state and central govern-ment strategy to combat Naxal threatconsists of threat components—

1. Surrender and resettlementschemes launched by the stategovernments in the affectedareas, where naxals surrenderingto the government are givenfinancial incentives and facilitiesfor their resettlement. The schemeis only partially successful.

2. Strengthening the deployment ofheavy paramilitary forces incooperation with state police toflush out naxals from entrenchedareas. Due to lack of training inguerrilla warfare and knowledgeof the affected terrain as well aslack of coordination between thestate and central governmentand failure of intelligenceagencies, the armed measureshave not succeeded to thedesired extent.

3. The third component is a long-term measure of expediting thedevelopment process in theaffected areas. Due to lack ofeffective implementation ofvarious development schemes,the naxals are able to coopt themarginalised sections of ruralpoor and tribals. The corruptionand administrative inefficiencyhave further compounded thedevelopment process.

In view of the above discussion,it is cystal clear that naxal violence isnot a law and order problem in India.It is a serious security threat to Indiawith international and regionaldimensions. The need of the hour isto adopt both the long term and shortterm measures to tackle the threatposed by the naxal groups. Besides,the better training of security forcesplanning and coordination, the rapiddevelopment of affected areas arenecessary for the success of govern-ment measures. P.Darpan

PD/July/2010/131

General Knowledge

HOTEL MANAGEMENT AURANGABAD EXAM., 2010

(Held on 7-3-2010)

(Based on Memory)

Solved Paper

1. The royal court of Alauddin wasgraced by the great poet—(A) Firdausi(B) Omar Khaiyyam(C) Amir Khusro(D) Ibn Batuta

2. Match the facts of List-I withList-II and then answer whichchoice is correct ?

List-I

(a) Sri Chaitanya(b) Nanak(c) Tukaram(d) Shankaracharya

List-II

1. Malabar2. Maharashtra3. Punjab4. Bengal

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 1 3 2 4(B) 3 4 2 1(C) 4 3 2 1(D) 2 4 3 1

3. The name of India’s first aircraftcarrier is—(A) INS Vikrant(B) INS Nilgiri(C) INS Kukri(D) INS Himgiri

4. Which of the following is asso-ciated with the manufacture ofguided missiles ?(A) Bharat Earth Movers Limited(B) Bharat Dynamics Limited(C) Hindustan AeronauticsLimited(D) Bharat Electronics Limited

5. National Highway No. 3 runsfrom—(A) Delhi to Chennai(B) Amritsar to Kolkata(C) Delhi to Ahmedabad(D) Agra to Mumbai

6. The first nuclear test was con-ducted in India in the year—(A) 1973 (B) 1974(C) 1975 (D) 1976

7. Which State grows nearly 30 percent of world opium ?(A) M. P. (B) West Bengal(C) Gujarat (D) Bihar

8. A list of national languages canbe traced in the ……… of theIndian Constitution.

(A) Fifth Schedule

(B) Sixth Schedule

(C) Seventh Schedule

(D) Eighth Schedule

9. Which one of the following pro-vides constitutional guarantee ofpersonal freedom ?(A) Mandamus(B) Certiorari(C) Habeas Corpus(D) Quo Warranto

10. Which one of these countries isnot in Scandinavia ?

(A) Denmark (B) Luxembourg

(C) Norway (D) Sweden

11. What is the official language ofthe Argentina ?(A) Portuguese(B) Spanish(C) Italian(D) German

12. Falkland Islands are in—(A) Antarctica(B) North Atlantic(C) South Atlantic(D) Pacific

13. The French Revolution gave itsmodern meaning to the term—(A) Nation(B) Sovereignty(C) Republic(D) Capitalism

14. The Iran-Iraq war started forexclusive possesion of—(A) Iranian oil refineries(B) the whole of Western Iran(C) the territory already cap-tured by Iran from Jordan andIraq both(D) Shatt-al-Arab region

15. ‘Dirham’ is the currency of—(A) Malta (B) Iran(C) Morocco (D) Libya

16. OPEC stands for—(A) Oil Producing EuropeanCountries(B) Organization of PetroleumExporting Countries(C) Oil and Petroleum Explor-ing Countries(D) Organization of PacificExploring Countries

17. A light-year is a unit of—(A) time (B) distance(C) velocity (D) energy

18. The main masses of land abovesea level are called—(A) Continent (B) Islands(C) Nations (D) Countries

19. The Mineral resource which hasmade Middle East of vital impor-tance to the world to-day is—(A) Coal (B) Tin(C) Oil (D) Silver

20. Which one of the following matchwith ‘Khetri, Jharia, Kudermukh,Kolar respectively ?(A) Copper, Coal, Iron, Gold(B) Coal, Bauxite, Iron, Gold(C) Iron, Copper, Coal, Gold(D) Bauxite, Coal, Iron, Gold

21. The Alpine races mostly live inthe Indian States of—(A) Rajasthan and Punjab(B) Tamil Nadu and Kerala(C) Karnataka and Maharashtra(D) Gujarat and West Bengal

PD/July/2010/132

22. Which of the following factorsinfluence the climate of India ?(A) Long Coastal Area(B) Nearness to Equator(C) The Himalayas(D) The Relief of Our Land

23. What is the distance of runningin a marathon race ?(A) 26 miles 385 yards(B) 26 miles 405 yards(C) 26 miles 180 yards(D) 26 miles

24. ‘Prince of Wales Cup’ is asso-ciated with the game of—(A) Polo (B) Basket ball(C) Golf (D) Volleyball

25. ‘Quessberry Rules’ is the namegiven to the rules in—(A) Hockey (B) Cricket(C) Tennis (D) Boxing

26. Who was the first recipient ofNehru Award for InternationalUnderstanding ?(A) Martin Luther King(B) Mother Teresa(C) U. Thant(D) Dr. Jonas Salk

27. Which of the following Indianswas awarded ‘Legion de Award’,the highest civilian award ofFrance ?(A) Pandit Ravi Shankar(B) Satyajit Ray(C) Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru(D) Indira Gandhi

28. C. Funk’s name has been asso-ciated with the research of whichof the following ?(A) Vitamins(B) Proteins(C) Minerals(D) Carbohydrates

29. Who defined democracy as a“Government of the people, bythe people and for the people” ?(A) Mahatma Gandhi(B) Ruskin(C) Aristotle(D) Abraham Lincoln

30. Who said, “Give me somewhereto stand, and I will move theworld” ?(A) Archimedes (B) Galileo(C) Edison (D) Newton

31. Ben Hur, the world famous epic,is written by—(A) John Milton(B) George Orwell(C) Lewis Wallace(D) Leo Tolstoy

32. Poliomyelitis is spread by—(A) Mosquito(B) Virus(C) Water(D) Adulterated Food

33. A person in normal healthrequires per day—(A) 1000 – 1800 calories(B) 2500 – 3000 calories(C) 3000 – 4000 calories(D) 4000 – 5000 calories

34. The fourth estate is—(A) Press (B) Property(C) Metals (D) Tax

35. ‘Hertz’ is a unit of—(A) Velocity(B) Wavelength(C) Frequency of Sound Waves(D) Magnetic field

36. A ‘bear’ on the Stock Exchange isa speculator—(A) Who sells shares which hedoes not possess(B) Who applies for new issuesof shares in the hope that theprice will go up(C) Whose holdings of theshares in a company is so largethat selling them could affect themarket price(D) Who buys shares in thehope that price will go up

37. The function of DNA in the bodyis—(A) to help in the synthesis ofproteins(B) to control the heredity(C) to assist in the release ofenergy(D) None of the above

38. Which of the following is called a‘red planet’ ?(A) Pluto (B) Venus(C) Jupiter (D) Mars

39. In a human body, the basicbuilding block are—(A) Muscles (B) Cells(C) Bones (D) Nerves

40. Which feature film was screenedin the UN in Nov. 2006 ?(A) Lage Raho Munna Bhai(B) Rang De Basanti(C) Black(D) The Kabul Express

Answers

P.Darpan

Compiled by : Dr. N. K. Singh

Cod

e N

o. 1

642

Rs.

65/

-

(Useful for VariousCompetitive Examinations)

New Release

● E-mail : publisher@upkar.in ● Website : www.upkar.in Upkar Prakashan, AGRA-2

MathematicalFormulae

Code 248Rs. 76/-

Code 248Rs. 76/-

HINDIEDITION

PD/July/2010/133

General Studies

UTTAR PRADESH P.C.S. (Pre.) EXAM., 2010

(Held on 2-5-2010)

Solved Paper

1. Who among the following wasnot associated with the HomeRule Movement ?(A) C. R. Das(B) S. Subramaniya Iyer(C) Annie Besant(D) B. G. Tilak

2. Read the following events con-nected with Indian NationalMovement and find the correctchronological order of the eventsfrom the codes given below—

1. Cripps Mission

2. Cabinet Mission Plan

3. Quit India Movement

4. Wavell Offer

Codes :

(A) 1, 3, 4, 2 (B) 1, 2, 3, 4

(C) 1, 3, 2, 4 (D) 4, 3, 2, 1

3. With which one of the followingmovements was Aruna Asaf Aliassociated ?

(A) Khilafat Movement

(B) Non-Cooperation Move-ment

(C) Civil Disobedience Move-ment

(D) Quit India Movement

4. The official historian of India’sstruggle for independence was—(A) R. C. Majumdar(B) Tarachand(C) V. D. Savarkar(D) S. N. Sen

5. Who out of the following hadtold “Destruction is the bestmethod of dealing with theforeign clothes” ?

(A) Ravindra Nath Tagore

(B) Mahatma Gandhi

(C) Chitranjan Das

(D) Subhas Chandra Bose

6. Which one of the following is notcorrectly matched ?

(A) Larry Collins and Domini-que Lapierre

—Freedom at Midnight(B) Durga Das

—India from Curzon toNehru and After

(C) K. K. Aziz—The Man Who Divided India

(D) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

—India Wins Freedom

7. Given below are two statementslabelled as—Assertion (A) : The Congressboycotted the Simon Commis-sion.Reason (R) : The Simon Commis-sion did not have a single Indianmember.In the context of the above, whichone of the following is correct ?Codes :(A) Both (A) and (R) are trueand (R) is the correct explanationof (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true,but (R) is not the correct expla-nation of (A)(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true

8. Match the peasants’ revolts ofthe 19th century with their res-pective areas—(a) Kuki revolt(b) Kuka revolt(c) Pabna Peasant revolt(d) Birsa Munda revolt1. Punjab 2. Bengal3. Bihar 4. Tripura

Choose your answer with thehelp of given codes :

Codes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(A) 4 2 1 3(B) 2 3 1 4(C) 4 1 3 2(D) 4 1 2 3

9. Match List-I with List-II andselect the correct answer usingthe codes given below the lists—

List-I(a) Jhansi (b) Lucknow(c) Kanpur (d) Faizabad

List-II

1. Moulavi Ahmad Shah2. Azimullah Khan3. Begum Hazrat Mahal4. Rani Laxmi Bai

Codes :(a) (b) (c) (d)

(A) 4 3 2 1(B) 4 2 3 1(C) 3 4 2 1(D) 1 2 3 4

10. Where was Mahatma Gandhiwhen a raid was made by Cong-ress Volunteers on Dharsana SaltDepot ?(A) In Yervada Jail(B) In Sabarmati Jail(C) In Agha Khan Palace Poona(D) In Ahmadnagar Fort Jail

11. In which of the following move-ments did Mahatma Gandhimake the first use of hungerstrike as a weapon ?(A) Non-Cooperation Move-ment(B) Rowlatt Satyagraha(C) Ahmedabad Strike(D) Bardoli Satyagraha

12. Mention of which of the follow-ing rivers in the Rigveda sug-gests the Aryan’s connectionwith Afghanistan ?

(A) Asikni(B) Parushni(C) Kubha, Kramu(D) Vipas, Sutudri

13. The entry of woman as a bhik-shuni into the Buddhist Sanghawas allowed by Gautam Buddhaat—

PD/July/2010/134

(A) Sravasti (B) Vaisali(C) Rajagriha (D) Kushinagar

14. Choose the correct pair—(A) Ellora Caves —Saka(B) Mahabalipuram

—Rashtrakutas(C) Meenakshi Temple

—Pallavas(D) Khajuraho —Chandellas

15. Buddha is depicted on the coinsof—(A) Wima Kadphises(B) Kanishka(C) Nahapana(D) Budh Gupta

16. Put the following events in chro-nological order and choose youranswer with the help of givencodes—1. Formation of an interim

Government2. The arrival of the Cabinet

Mission3. Muslim League launches

Direct Action4. Jinnah’s wrecking of the

Shimla ConferenceCodes :(A) 2, 4, 3, 1 (B) 4, 2, 3, 1(C) 1, 2, 4, 3 (D) 4, 2, 1, 3

17. The great Jain Scholar Hema-chandra adorned the court of—(A) Amoghavarsha(B) Kumarapala(C) Jaysimha Siddharaja(D) Vidyadhara

18. The three age system—Stone,Bronze and Iron from the collec-tion of Copenhagen museumwas coined by—(A) Thomson (B) Lubbock(C) Taylor (D) Childe

19. The city plan of ancient Shravastiis in the shape—(A) Circular(B) Crescentic(C) Triangular(D) Rectangular

20. Where is the wild ass sanctuary ?(A) U.P. (B) Assam(C) Gujarat (D) Rajasthan

21. Kissan Bahi Yojana was startedin Uttar Pradesh in—

(A) 1970 (B) 1975(C) 1990 (D) 1992

22. Yapaniya was a school of—(A) Buddhism (B) Jainism(C) Saivism (D) Vaisnavism

23. The first Gupta ruler to assumethe title of ‘Param Bhagawata’was—(A) Chandragupta I(B) Samudragupta(C) Chandragupta II(D) Srigupta

24. Panini and Patanjali are therenowned names in the literaryhistory of ancient India. Underwhich dynasty did they flourish ?(A) Pushyabhukti(B) Kushanas(C) Sungas(D) Guptas

25. Who had composed the ‘GitaGovinda’ ?(A) Dhoyi(B) Govardhanacharya(C) Jayadeva(D) Lakshmana Sen

26. Which medieval King of Indiaintroduced the ‘Iqkta system’ ?(A) Iltutmish(B) Balban(C) Alauddin Khalji(D) None of the above

27. Which musical instrument wasplayed by the Mughal EmperorAurangzeb ?(A) Sitar(B) Pakhawaj(C) Veena(D) None of the above

28. Which one of the following pairsis not correctly matched ?(A) Babar —Battle of Khanwa(B) Humayun

—Battle of Chausa(C) Akbar —Battle of Haldighati(D) Jahangir —Battle of Balkh

29. Match List-I with List-II andselect the correct answer usingthe codes given below the lists—

List-I(Monuments)

(a) Alai Darwaja, Delhi(b) Buland Darwaja, Fatehpur

Sikri

(c) Moti Masjid, Agra(d) Moti Masjid, Delhi

List-II(Builders)

1. Alauddin Khalji2. Akbar3. Shahjahan4. Aurangzeb

Codes :(a) (b) (c) (d)

(A) 1 2 3 4(B) 3 2 1 4(C) 4 1 2 3(D) 1 4 3 2

30. In U. P. the first ‘BiotechnologyPark’ was established at—(A) Lucknow (B) Noida(C) Agra (D) Kanpur

31. The Kirtistambha at Chittor wasbuilt by—(A) Rana Sanga(B) Rana Kumbha(C) Rana Pratap(D) Rana Udai Singh

32. Who among the following rulersis famous as “Prithvi RajChauhan” ?(A) Prithvi Raj I(B) Prithvi Raj II(C) Prithvi Raj III(D) None of the above

33. Jain temple of Abu is made of—(A) Sandstone (B) Lime stone(C) Granite (D) Marble

34. Which among the following orga-nisations supported the Suddhimovement ?(A) Arya Samaj(B) Brahma Samaj(C) Deva Samaj(D) Prarthana Samaj

35. The institution of local self gov-ernment got a fillip during theViceroyalty of—(A) Lord Mayo(B) Lord Ripon(C) Lord Dufferin(D) Lord Curzon

36. With which Uprising is MangalPandey associated ?(A) Barrackpur(B) Meerut(C) Delhi(D) None of the above

PD/July/2010/135

37. Which one of the following iscorrectly matched ?(A) Khuldabad

—Tomb of Shaikh Salim Chishti(B) Fatehpur Sikri

—Tomb of Itimadud-Daula(C) Agra

—Tomb of Aurangzeb(D) Delhi

—Tomb of Abdur RahimKhan-i-khanan

38. Match List-I with List-II andselect the correct answer usingthe codes given below the lists—

List-I

(Authors)

(a) Bankim Chandra Chatterji

(b) Michael Madhusudan Das

(c) Ravindra Nath Tagore

(d) Sarojini Naidu

List-II

(Works)

1. Anand Math2. Captive Lady3. Gora4. The Broken Wing

Codes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 1 2 3 4(B) 2 3 4 1(C) 1 4 2 3(D) 4 1 3 2

39. In which of the Indian Provincesthe first Communist Governmentwas established ?(A) Tamilnadu(B) Andhra Pradesh(C) Kerala(D) West Bengal

40. Arrange the following millioncities of Uttar Pradesh in ascen-ding order of their populationsize.1. Agra 2. Allahabad3. Meerut 4. LucknowUse the codes given below toselect the correct answer.Codes :(A) 1, 3, 2, 4 (B) 4, 2, 1, 3(C) 2, 1, 4, 3 (D) 2, 3, 1, 4

41. The author of the book “IndiaDivided” was—

(A) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad(B) Dr. Rajendra Prasad(C) Narendra Deva(D) Asaf Ali

42. The minimum percentage ofpopulation below the povertylimit is recorded in—(A) Jammu and Kashmir(B) Punjab(C) Haryana(D) Goa

43. Jhooming is practised by—(A) The Bhotias(B) The Khasis(C) The Santhals(D) The Todas

44. Which one of the following bio-sphere reserves is not included inthe list of world network of bio-sphere reserves of UNESCO ?(A) Simlipal(B) Sunderban(C) Gulf of Mannar(D) Nilgiri

45. As per Census 2001, the class Icities of India claim a share of thetotal urban population of—

(A) 44·40% (B) 56·50%

(C) 65·20% (D) 62·32%

46. Which megacity of India genera-tes the largest solid waste percapita annually ?(A) Bangalore (B) Chennai(C) Delhi (D) Mumbai

47. Today the largest contributor tocarbon dioxide (CO2) emissions

is—(A) China (B) Japan(C) Russia (D) U.S.A.

48. Which one of the following is themost important factor respon-sible for decline of bio-diversity ?(A) Genetic assimilation(B) Controlling predators(C) Destruction of habitat(D) Controlling pests

49. Which one of the following Statesof India has the highest ruralliteracy rate ?(A) Maharashtra(B) Manipur(C) Goa(D) Gujarat

50. Which one of the following lakeshas been recently included underNational Lake ConservationProject ?(A) Bhimtal (B) Pulicat(C) Ooty (D) Sambhar

51. The population of U.P. exceedsthat of—1. Bangladesh 2. Brazil3. Pakistan 4. IndonesiaSelect the correct answer fromthe following codes—Codes :(A) 1 and 2 (B) 1 and 3(C) 2 and 3 (D) 2 and 4

52. Consider the following state-ments—

Assertion (A) : Madhya Pradeshis called the Ethiopia of India.

Reason (R) : Its hallmarks areexcessive infantile mortality andmalnutrition.

Select the correct answer usingthe codes given below—

Codes :

(A) Both (A) and (R) are trueand (R) is the correct explanationof (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true,but (R) is not the correct expla-nation of (A)

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false

(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true

53. The UNESCO has given interna-tional recognition to—1. Nilgiri Biosphere2. Nanda Devi Biosphere3. Manas Biosphere4. Simlipal BiosphereSelect the correct answer fromthe following codes—Codes :(A) 1 and 2 (B) 1 and 3(C) 2 and 3 (D) 2 and 4

54. National Renewal Fund wasconstituted for the purpose of—

(A) Providing pension for retir-ing employees

(B) Social security

(C) Rural reconstruction

(D) Restructuring and moderni-sation of industries

55. Open-market operations of Re-serve Bank of India refer to—

PD/July/2010/136

(A) Trading in securities(B) Auctioning of Foreign Ex-change(C) Transaction in gold(D) None of the above

56. If interest payment is added toprimary deficit, it is equivalentto—(A) Budget deficit(B) Fiscal deficit(C) Deficit financing(D) Revenue deficit

57. Consider the following state-ments and state which is/arecorrect ?1. The sub-prime crisis which

hit the U. S. economy wascaused by sudden increasein oil prices

2. The crisis led to default inhome loan repayment

3. It led to failure of some U.S.banks

4. Sub-prime crisis causedcrash in Indian Stock Market

Choose your answer from givencodes.Codes :(A) 1 only(B) 2 and 4 only(C) 2, 3, and 4 only(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

58. In Uttar Pradesh, recognizedStock Exchange is at—(A) Lucknow (B) Kanpur(C) Varanasi (D) Ghaziabad

59. Which of the following providesthe largest credit to agricultureand allied sectors ?(A) Cooperative Banks(B) Regional Rural Banks(C) Commercial Banks(D) Cooperative and RegionalRural Banks jointly

60. Who had suggested an imposi-tion of ‘expenditure tax’ in Indiafor the first time ?(A) Kalecki(B) Kaldor(C) R. J. Chelliah(D) Gautam Mathur

61. An increase in CRR by theReserve Bank of India resultsin—(A) Decrease in debt of thegovernment

(B) Reduction in liquidity in theeconomy(C) Attracting more FDI in thecountry(D) More flow of credit todesired sectors

62. Special Economic Zone (SEZ) Actbecame effective in—(A) 2004 (B) 2005(C) 2006 (D) 2007

63. In the 11th Five Year Plan, whichof the following sectors accountsfor maximum combined Central,State and U.T. expenditure ?(A) Transport(B) Energy(C) Agriculture and Rural Deve-lopment(D) Social sector

64. In which of the following Com-mittees there is no representationof Rajya Sabha ?(A) Public Accounts Committee(B) Committee on Public Under-takings(C) Estimates Committee(D) Committee on GovernmentAssurances

65. Provision regarding Panchayatsand Municipalities was made inthe Indian Constitution in whichyear ?(A) 1991 (B) 1995(C) 2000 (D) 1993

66. Which one of the following writsis issued during the pendency ofproceedings in a court ?(A) Mandamus(B) Certiorari(C) Prohibition(D) Quo warranto

67. The word ‘Secularism’ was inser-ted in the Preamble of the IndianConstitution by(A) 25th Amendment(B) 42nd Amendment(C) 44th Amendment(D) 52nd Amendment

68. Mid day Meal Scheme is finan-ced and managed by—(A) Food and Civil Supply De-partment of State Governments(B) Department of ConsumerAffairs and Welfare

(C) Ministry of Programme Imp-lementation

(D) Ministry of Human ResourceDevelopment

69. The following States were crea-ted after 1960. Arrange them inascending chronological order oftheir formation and choose youranswer from the given codes.1. Haryana 2. Sikkim3. Nagaland 4. Meghalaya

Codes :

(A) 1, 2, 3, 4 (B) 2, 3, 4, 1(C) 3, 1, 4, 2 (D) 2, 4, 1, 3

70. The function of the Pro-Temp.Speaker is to—(A) Conduct the proceedings ofthe House in the absence ofSpeaker(B) Swearing members(C) Officiate as Speaker whenthe Speaker is unlikely to beelected(D) Only check if the electioncertificates of the members are inorder

71. The Provision for the CallingAttention Notices has restrictedthe scope of which of the follow-ing ?(A) Short duration discussion(B) Question hour(C) Adjournment motion(D) Zero hour

72. Match List-I with List-II andselect the correct answer usingthe codes given below the lists—

List-I

(a) Article 14 (b) Article 36(c) Article 74 (d) Article 368

List-II

1. Amendment procedure2. Council of Ministers3. Right to Equality4. Directive Principles

Codes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 2 1 4 3(B) 4 1 3 2(C) 1 2 3 4(D) 3 4 2 1

73. The expenses of Public ServiceCommission of Uttar Pradesh arecharged upon—

PD/July/2010/137

(A) Consolidated Fund of India(B) Consolidated Fund of State(C) It’s own generated fundfrom fees(D) Contingent Fund

74. In 1930 a person’s age was 8times that of his son. In 1938 thefather’s age becomes 10 times theage of his son’s age in 1930. Theages of father and son in 1940were respectively—(A) 58 and 16 years(B) 50 and 15 years(C) 42 and 14 years(D) 34 and 13 years

75. Reema is twice as old as Sumita.Three years ago she was threetimes as old as Sumita. How oldis Reema now ?(A) 6 years (B) 7 years(C) 8 years (D) 12 years

76. The marked price of a table is Rs.2,000, which is 25% above thecost price. If the shopkeeper sellsthe table at 8% discount on themarked price, his percentage ofprofit would be—(A) 14% (B) 15%(C) 16% (D) 20%

77. Which of the following state-ments is not true of the IndianEconomy ?(A) Its share of world popula-tion is only 16% but its share ofworld GDP is 1·6%(B) The share of service sector inIndia’s GDP is only 25%(C) 58% of its working popula-tion is engaged in agriculture,but the contribution of agricul-ture to the national income is22%(D) India occupies only 2·4% ofthe world’s geographical area

78. A can finish a work in 6 dayswhereas B can finish the work in9 days. If both of them worktogether, what is the probabilitythat the work will be finished onthird day ?(A) 1/2 (B) 1/6(C) 1 (D) 0

79. Which layer of atmosphere isresponsible for Aurora Borealis ?(A) Troposphere(B) Thermosphere(C) Ionosphere(D) Exosphere

80. Who is the brand ambassador ofBSNL ?(A) Shah Rukh Khan(B) Abhishek Bachchan(C) Preity Zinta(D) Deepika Padukone

81. The headquarter of R.B.I. is situa-ted at—(A) Delhi (B) Kolkata(C) Mumbai (D) Chennai

82. An ox in a ‘Kolhu’ is tethered toa rope 3m long. How much dis-tance does the ox cover in 14rounds ? ( )π = 22

7

(A) 300m (B) 250m(C) 264m (D) 232m

83. 90°E Ridge lies in—(A) Atlantic ocean(B) Indian ocean(C) Pacific ocean(D) Mediterranean sea

84. Which of the following riversflows through a ‘rift’ valley ?(A) Ganga(B) Brahmaputra(C) Narmada(D) Krishna

85. The Ruhr basin is the famousIndustrial region of—(A) China(B) Germany(C) Japan(D) United Kingdom

86. Which of the following countriesare located on the Equator ?1. Brunei 2. Columbia3. Kenya 4. Venezuela

Select the correct answer fromthe codes given below—Codes :(A) 1 and 2 (B) 2 and 3(C) 3 and 4 (D) 1 and 4

87. If the Sun rises at TIRAP in Aru-nachal Pradesh at 5·00 a.m. (IST),then what time (IST) the Sun willrise in Kandla in Gujarat ?(A) About 5·30 a.m.(B) About 6·00 a.m.(C) About 7·00 a.m.(D) About 7·30 a.m.

88. Which one of the followingislands of the East Indies is divi-ded into three countries ?

(A) Borneo (B) Celebes(C) New Guinea (D) Timor

89. The Anglo-American CultureRealm does not include—1. Canada 2. U.S.A.3. Mexico 4. Cuba

Select the correct answer fromthe codes given below—

Codes :(A) 1 and 2 (B) 1 and 3(C) 2 and 3 (D) 3 and 4

90. The Kalpsar Project for supply ofsweet water is located in—(A) Gujarat(B) Haryana(C) Maharashtra(D) Rajasthan

91. Which soil needs little irrigationas it retains soil moisture ?(A) Alluvial soil(B) Black soil(C) Red soil(D) Laterite soil

92. In an area with annual rainfall ofmore than 200 cms and slopinghills which crop will be ideal ?(A) Jute (B) Cotton(C) Tea (D) Maize

93. Match List-I with List-II andselect the correct answer usingthe codes given below the lists—

List-I(a) Etna (b) Vesuvius(c) Erebus (d) Cotopaxy

List-II1. Ross Island 2. Ecuador3. Italy 4. Sicily

Codes :(a) (b) (c) (d)

(A) 1 2 3 4(B) 4 3 1 2(C) 3 4 2 1(D) 4 3 2 1

94. Consider the following state-ments—Assertion (A) : River Damodarwas known as ‘River of Sorrow’in West Bengal prior to thedevelopment of the DamodarValley Corporation.Reason (R) : Damodar in itsupper reaches flows rapidly andin its lower reaches it runs toosluggishly.

PD/July/2010/138

Select the correct answer usingthe codes given below—

Codes :

(A) Both (A) and (R) are trueand (R) is the correct explanationof (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true,but (R) is not the correct expla-nation of (A)

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false

(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true

95. Which State has decided toestablish a University for thedisabled during 2009-10 ?(A) Maharashtra(B) Kerala(C) Madhya Pradesh(D) Uttar Pradesh

96. Dhuria is folk dance of—

(A) Avadh(B) Bundelkhand(C) Purvanchal(D) Rohelkhand

97. In which one of the followingStates is Suil river project loca-ted ?(A) Uttarakhand(B) Haryana(C) Punjab(D) Himachal Pradesh

98. Which one of the following is notcorrectly matched ?(A) Alha — Bundelkhand(B) Birha — Purvanchal(C) Chaiti — Rohelkhand(D) Kajri — Avadh

99. Which one of the following is nota folk dance of Uttar Pradesh ?(A) Charkula (B) Dadra(C) Karma (D) Muria

100. Which one of the following is notincluded in the “National FoodSecurity Missions” ?

(A) Oil seeds (B) Wheat(C) Rice (D) Pulses

101. Match List-I with List-II andselect the correct answer fromthe codes given below the lists—

List-I

(a) Kishan Maharaj(b) Hari Prasad Chaurasia(c) Pt. Gopalji Mishra(d) Kudak Singh

List-II1. Sarangi player2. Tabla player3. Pakhawaj player4. Bansuri playerCodes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 1 3 4 2(B) 3 4 2 1(C) 2 4 3 1(D) 2 4 1 3

102. In which year the Government ofIndia included ten new tribes ofUttar Pradesh as ScheduledTribes ?(A) 2004 (B) 2003(C) 2002 (D) 2001

103. In Uttar Pradesh, which one ofthe following districts has thelargest population of ScheduledTribes ?(A) Sonebhadra (B) Mirzapur(C) Kheri (D) Bijnore

104. Sukna scam case was recently(first quarter of 2010) much inthe news. With which State is itconcerned ?(A) Himachal Pradesh(B) Jammu and Kashmir(C) Rajasthan(D) West Bengal

105. The author of the book whichrecently became the root cause ofthe controversy regarding thescript of the film “Three Idiots”is—(A) Abhijat Joshi(B) Mohammad Khalid(C) Chetan Bhagat(D) Rajkumar Hirani

106. Consider the following state-ments—1. The crop insurance scheme

in India was started in theyear 1985

2. The total number of agrocli-matic zone in U.P. is 9

3. Food for work programmewas started in the year 1977

4. Blue resolution is concernedwith production of mustard

Of these statements—

Codes :(A) Only 1 and 2 are correct(B) Only 2 and 3 are correct(C) Only 3 and 4 are correct(D) Only 1, 2 and 3 are correct

107. Who has written the book “TheRediscovery of India” publishedaround November 2009 ?(A) Ram Chandra Guha(B) Meghnad Desai(C) Arun Shourie(D) Mohan Bhagwat

108. Which country launched theWorld’s first satellite dedicatedto monitoring ‘greenhouse gasemissions’ in 2009 ?(A) Japan (B) Brazil(C) India (D) U.S.A.

109. How many nations were mem-bers of the BASIC Block at theDecember 2009 CopenhagenMeet ?(A) Five (B) Four(C) Three (D) Two

110. The Rangnath Mishra Commis-sion report which was tabled inthe Parliament in December2009, relates to—(A) Electoral reforms(B) Police reforms(C) Religious and LinguisticMinorities(D) Tax reforms

111. Match List-I with List-II andselect the correct answer usingthe codes given below the lists—

List-I(Name of Film)

(a) 3 Idiots(b) Slum dog Millionaire(c) Junoon(d) My Fair Lady

List-II(The writing inspiring the film)1. Pygmalion2. Five Point some one3. Q and A4. A Flight of PigeonsCodes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 2 1 4 3(B) 3 4 1 2(C) 3 1 4 2(D) 2 3 4 1

112. The Indian citizen who has beenhonoured with Ramon Magsay-say award for the year 2009 is—(A) Bhimsen Joshi(B) Deep Joshi(C) Indira Sinha(D) Pankaj Srivastava

PD/July/2010/139

113. At the 56th National FilmAwards for 2008 the best featurefilm award was bagged by—(A) Antaheen (B) Fashion(C) Jogeva (D) Rock on

114. ‘Project Arrow’ is concernedwith the modernisation of whichof the following ?(A) Airports(B) Post offices(C) Road Transport(D) Railways

115. During Prime Minister Man-mohan Singh’s visit to Russia inDecember 2009, India and Russiasigned an agreement mainlyrelating to—(A) Civil nuclear cooperation(B) Climate change(C) Cooperation in agriculturesector(D) Cooperation in science andtechnology sector

116. The city which has been selectedby a famous International Maga-zine “Travel and Leisure” in itssurvey 2009 as the best city fromtourism point of view in theworld is—(A) Udaipur (B) Hong Kong(C) Singapore (D) Dubai

117. Football World Cup 2010 will beheld in—(A) Britain (B) Germany(C) Portugal (D) South Africa

118. How many seats BSP won in theelections to the U.P. LegislativeCouncil held in January 2010 ?(A) 31 (B) 32(C) 33 (D) 34

119. The mascot of the 19th Common-wealth Games, to be held in 2010in New Delhi is—(A) Bhaloo (B) Cheetah(C) Chital (D) Shera

120. The ‘Man of the Series’ in thetriangular series of the Idea Cup2010 concluded on 13th January,2010 is—

(A) M. S. Dhoni

(B) Kumar Sangakkara

(C) Virat Kohli

(D) Virender Sehwag

121. Commonwealth Games arescheduled to take place in NewDelhi, India in 2010. Whichlocation has been chosen for thenext Commonwealth Games in2014 ?(A) Brisbane — Australia(B) Victoria — Canada(C) Auckland — New Zealand(D) Glasgow — Scotland

122. Suresh Kalmadi has been electedChairman of the ‘Asian AthleticAssociation’ on November 9th2009 for the—

(A) 2nd term (B) 3rd term(C) 4th term (D) 5th term

123. ICC announced a list of 55Cricket players in 2009 to beincluded in its inaugural ‘Hall ofFame’ list.Identify from the following cri-cketers who was not included inthe list.(A) Kapil Dev(B) Sachin Tendulkar(C) Sunil Gavaskar(D) Bishan Singh Bedi

124. 2016 Olympic Games will beheld at—(A) Chicago(B) Madrid(C) Rio de Janeiro(D) Tokyo

125. Which of the following legumi-nous plant is also a petro-plant ?(A) Pigeon-pea (B) Pea(C) Gram (D) Pongam

126. If an apple is released from anorbiting spaceship, it will—(A) Fall towards the Earth(B) Move at a lower speed(C) Move along with the space-ship at the same speed(D) Move at a higher speed

127. The atmosphere exerts enormouspressure on us. But, we do notfeel it because—(A) Our blood exerts a pressureslightly more than that of theatmosphere(B) We are used to it(C) Our bones are very strongand can withstand the pressure(D) The surface area of our headis very small

128. In which of the following indus-tries is mica used as a raw mate-rial ?(A) Iron and Steel(B) Toys(C) Glass and Pottery(D) Electrical

129. The micro-organism which isassociated with the production ofBt cotton is a—(A) Fungus(B) Bacterium(C) Blue green Alga(D) Virus

130. Computer virus is a—(A) Fungus(B) Bacterium(C) IC 7344(D) Software program

131. Match List-I with List-II andselect the correct answer usingthe codes given below the lists—

List-I

(a) Arihant(b) Awacs(c) Atlas Centaur(d) Nag

List-II

1. American Cryogenic Rocket2. Anti tank missile3. Israel developed Falcon for

Air Force4. Atomic submarine

Codes :(a) (b) (c) (d)

(A) 4 3 2 1(B) 4 3 1 2(C) 3 4 1 2(D) 3 4 2 1

132. Consider the following state-ments—

Assertion (A) : Space Based SolarPower (SBSP), it is suggested bemade a national goal.

Reason (R) : Supply of SBSP is99% uninterrupted throughoutthe year, besides the enormity ofenergy availability.

Select the correct answer usingthe codes given below—

Codes :(A) Both (A) and (R) are trueand (R) is the correct explanationof (A)

PD/July/2010/140

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true,but (R) is not the correct expla-nation of (A)(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true

133. Match List-I with List-II andselect the correct answer usingthe codes given below the lists—

List-I(Disease)

(a) Marasmus(b) Kwashiorkor(c) T.B.(d) Hepatitis B

List-II(Cause)

1. Prolonged Starvation2. Protein Deficiency3. Bacterial Infection4. Viral Infection

Codes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 1 2 3 4(B) 2 1 3 4(C) 4 2 3 1(D) 2 4 1 3

134. Which one of the following is notproperly matched ?(A) Gene splicing and recombi-nant DNA technology

—Genetic Engineering(B) A diagnostic test to detectthe presence or absence ofgenetic disorders in unborn child

—Amniocentesis(C) A process by which livingorganisms break down complexmatter into simpler constituents

—Biodegradation(D) An inbuilt time-keeping sys-tem in all organisms

—Bio-mass

135. Salk’s vaccine is connected withwhich one of the followingdiseases ?(A) Small pox (B) Titanus(C) T.B. (D) Polio

136. Which one of the following state-ments is not true for a personsuffering from hypermetropia ?

(A) The person can see far ob-jects distinctly.

(B) The focal length of the lensis large

(C) The image of the closeobjects is focussed behind theretina(D) A concave lens is used tocorrect this defect

137. ‘Endoscope’ used by Doctors forexamining the inside of thepatient’s stomach, works on theprinciple of—(A) Reflection of light(B) Dispersion of light(C) Total internal reflection oflight(D) Refraction of light

138. Consider the following state-ments—Assertion (A) : If Ice collects onthe freezer the cooling in therefrigerator is affected adversely.Reason (R) : Ice is a poor con-ductor of heat.Select the correct answer usingthe codes given below—Codes :(A) Both (A) and (R) are trueand (R) is the correct explanationof (A)(B) Both (A) and (R) are true,but (R) is not the correct expla-nation of (A)(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true

139. What type of electromagneticradiation is used in the remotecontrol of a television ?(A) Infrared(B) Ultraviolet(C) Visible(D) None of these

140. Match List-I with List-II andselect the correct answer usingthe codes given below the lists—

List-I(Naturally occurring substance)(a) Diamond (b) Marble(c) Sand (d) Ruby

List-II(Elements present)

1. Calcium 2. Silicon3. Aluminium 4. Carbon

Codes :(a) (b) (c) (d)

(A) 3 1 2 4(B) 4 2 1 3(C) 2 1 3 4(D) 4 1 2 3

141. Which one of the following com-pounds is used as a sedative ?(A) Potassium bromide(B) Calcium chloride(C) Ethyl alcohol(D) Phosphorus trichloride

142. An enzyme which helps in thedigestion of protein is—(A) Urease (B) Sulfatase(C) Trypsin (D) Protease

143. Methane is present in the atmos-phere of—(A) Moon (B) Sun(C) Jupiter (D) Mars

144. Hydrogen bomb is based on theprinciple of—(A) Controlled fusion reaction(B) Uncontrolled fusion reaction(C) Controlled fission reaction(D) Uncontrolled fission reaction

145. In countries where polished riceis the mean cereal in their diet,people suffer from—(A) Pellagra (B) Beri-beri(C) Scurvy (D) Osteomalacia

146. Which one of the following silversalts is used for producing artifi-cial rains ?(A) Silver chloride(B) Silver bromide(C) Silver nitrate(D) Silver iodide

147. The hypo solution used in photo-graphy is the aqueous solutionof—(A) Sodium thiosulphate(B) Sodium tetrathionate(C) Sodium sulphate(D) Ammonium per sulphate

148. Accumulation of which one ofthe following in the musclesleads to fatigue ?(A) Lactic acid(B) Benzoic acid(C) Pyruvic acid(D) Uric acid

149. Which one of the following hadsupported the Non-cooperationmovement, but could not see itsupshots ?(A) Bal Gangadhar Tilak(B) Lala Lajpat Rai(C) Motilal Nehru(D) Chitranjan Das

PD/July/2010/141

150. Which of the following is asubstance abundantly availablein the sea and administered in acertain deficiency disease ?(A) Iron (B) Vitamin A(C) Fluorine (D) Iodine

Answers with Hints

P.Darpan

PD/July/2010/142

General Studies

CIVIL SERVICES (Pre.) EXAM., 2010

(Held on 23-5-2010)

Solved Paper

1. A geographic area with an altitude of 400 metres has followingcharacteristics :

Month J F M A M J J A S O N D

Average maximumtemp. °C

31 31 31 31 30 30 29 28 29 29 30 31

Average minimumtemp. °C

21 21 21 21 21 21 20 20 20 20 20 20

Rainfall (mm) 51 85 188 158 139 121 134 168 185 221 198 86

If this geographic area were tohave a natural forest, which oneof the following would it mostlikely be ?

(A) Moist temperate coniferousforest(B) Montane subtropical forest(C) Temperate forest(D) Tropical rain forest

2. If a potato is placed on a purepaper plate which is white andunprinted and put in a micro-wave oven, the potato heats upbut the paper plate does not. Thisis because—

(A) Potato is mainly made up ofstarch whereas paper is mainlymade up of cellulose

(B) Potato transmits micro-waves whereas paper reflectsmicrowaves

(C) Potato contains waterwhereas paper does not containwater

(D) Potato is a fresh organicmaterial whereas paper is a deadorganic material

3. With reference to the Constitu-tion of India, consider the follow-ing :1. Fundamental Rights2. Fundamental Duties3. Directives Principles of State

Policy.

Which of the above provisions ofthe Constitution of India is/arefulfilled by the National SocialAssistance Programme launchedby the Government of India ?

(A) 1 only(B) 3 only(C) 1 and 3 only(D) 1, 2 and 3

4. A new type of El Nino called ElNino Modoki appeared in thenews. In this context, considerthe following statements :1. Normal El Nino forms in the

Central Pacific ocean where-as El Nino Modoki forms inEastern Pacific ocean.

2. Normal El Nino results indiminished hurricanes in theAtlantic ocean but El NinoModoki results in a greaternumber of hurricanes withgreater frequency.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?

(A) 1 only(B) 2 only(C) Both 1 and 2(D) Neither 1 nor 2

5. Mon 863 is a variety of maize. Itwas in the news for the followingreason—

(A) It is a genetically modifieddwarf variety which is resistantto drought

(B) It is a genetically modifiedvariety which is pest resistant(C) It is a genetically modifiedvariety with ten times higherprotein content than regularmaize crop

(D) It is a genetically modifiedvariety used exclusively for bio-fuel production

6. A cuboid has six sides ofdifferent colours. The red side isopposite to black. The blue sideis adjacent to white. The brownside is adjacent to blue. The redside is face down. Which one ofthe following would be theopposite to brown ?(A) Red (B) Black(C) White (D) Blue

7. Consider the following state-ments :The satellite Oceansat-2 launchedby India helps in—1. estimating the water vapour

content in the atmosphere.2. predicting the onset of

monsoons.3. monitoring the pollution of

coastal waters.Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?(A) 1 and 2 only(B) 2 only(C) 1 and 3 only(D) 1, 2 and 3

8. Genetically modified ‘goldenrice’ has been engineered to meethuman nutritional requirements.Which one of the following state-ments best qualifies golden rice ?

(A) The grains have been forti-fied with genes to provide threetimes higher grain yield per acrethan other high yielding varieties(B) Its grains contain pro-vitamin A which upon ingestionis converted to vitamin A in thehuman body(C) Its modified genes cause thesynthesis of all the nine essentialamino acids(D) Its modified genes cause thefortification of its grains withvitamin D

9. In a tournament 14 teams playleague matches. If each teamplays against every other teamonce only then how manymatches are played ?

PD/July/2010/143

(A) 105 (B) 91(C) 85 (D) 78

10. Consider the following state-ments :The Supreme Court of Indiatenders advice to the President ofIndia on matters of law or fact.1. on its own initiative (on any

matter of larger publicinterest).

2. if he seeks such an advice.3. only if the matters relate to

the Fundamental Rights ofthe citizens.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?(A) 1 only (B) 2 only(C) 3 only (D) 1 and 2

11. Chlorination is a process used forwater purification. The disinfect-ing action of chlorine is mainlydue to—(A) The formation of hydro-chloric acid when chlorine isadded to water(B) The formation of hypo-chlorous acid when chlorine isadded to water(C) The formation of nascentoxygen when chlorine is addedto water(D) The formation of hydrogenwhen chlorine is added to water

12. With reference to Lok Adalats,which of the following state-ments is correct ?(A) Lok Adalats have the juris-diction to settle the matters atpre-litigative stage and not thosematters pending before any court(B) Lok Adalats can deal withmatters which are civil and notcriminal in nature(C) Every Lok Adalat consists ofeither serving or retired judicialofficers only and not any otherperson(D) None of the statementsgiven above is correct

13. Consider the following :1. Bluetooth device2. Cordless phone3. Microwave oven4. Wi-Fi deviceWhich of the above can operatebetween 2·4 and 2·5 GHz rangeof radio frequency band ?

(A) 1 and 2 only(B) 3 and 4 only(C) 1, 2 and 4 only(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

14. Though coffee and tea both arecultivated on hill slopes, there issome difference between themregarding their cultivation. Inthis context, consider the follow-ing statements :1. Coffee plant requires a hot

and humid climate oftropical areas whereas teacan be cultivated in bothtropical and subtropicalareas.

2. Coffee is propagated byseeds but tea is propagatedby stem cuttings only.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?(A) 1 only(B) 2 only(C) Both 1 and 2(D) Neither 1 nor 2

15. In the context of the affairs ofwhich of the following is thephrase ‘Special Safeguard Mech-anisms’ mentioned in the newsfrequently ?(A) United Nations Environ-ment Programme(B) World Trade Organisation(C) ASEAN-India Free TradeAgreement(D) G-20 Summits

16. Which of the following termsindicates a mechanism used bycommercial banks for providingcredit to the government ?(A) Cash Credit Ratio(B) Debt Service Obligation(C) Liquidity AdjustmentFacility(D) Statutory Liquidity Ratio

17. In order to comply with TRIPSAgreement, India enacted theGeographical Indications ofGoods (Registration and Protec-tion) Act, 1999. The difference/differences between a ‘TradeMark’ and a Geographical Indica-tion is/are :1. A Trade Mark is an indivi-

dual or a company’s rightwhereas a GeographicalIndication is a community’sright.

2. A Trade Mark can belicensed whereas a Geogra-phical Indication cannot belicensed.

3. A Trade Mark is assigned tothe manufactured goodswhereas the GeographicalIndication is assigned to theagricultural goods/productsand handicrafts only.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?(A) 1 only(B) 1 and 2 only(C) 2 and 3 only(D) 1, 2 and 3

18. The SEZ Act, 2005 which cameinto effect in February 2006 hascertain objectives, in this context,consider the following :1. Development of infrastruc-

ture facilities.2. Promotion of investment

from foreign sources.3. Promotion of exports of

services onlyWhich of the above are theobjectives of this Act ?(A) 1 and 2 only(B) 3 only(C) 2 and 3 only(D) 1, 2 and 3

19. Which one of the followingstatements is an appropriatedescription of deflation ?

(A) It is a sudden fall in thevalue of a currency against othercurrencies(B) It is a persistent recession inboth the financial and realsectors of economy(C) It is a persistent fall in thegeneral price level of goods andservices(D) It is a fall in the rate ofinflation over a period of time

20. Consider the following state-ments :

1. Biodiversity hotspots arelocated only in tropicalregions.

2. India has four biodiversityhotspots i.e., Eastern Hima-layas, Western Himalayas,Western Ghats andAndaman and NicobarIslands.

PD/July/2010/144

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?(A) 1 only(B) 2 only(C) Both 1 and 2(D) Neither 1 nor 2

21. Widespread resistance ofmalarial parasite to drugs likechloroquine has promptedattempts to develop a malarialvaccine to combat malaria. Whyis it difficult to develop aneffective malaria vaccine ?(A) Malaria is caused by severalspecies of Plasmodium(B) Man does not developimmunity to malaria duringnatural infection(C) Vaccines can be developedonly against bacteria(D) Man is only an intermediatehost and not the definitive host

22. Consider the following state-ments :1. The boundaries of a National

Park are defined by legis-lation.

2. A Biosphere Reserve isdeclared to conserve a fewspecific species of flora andfauna.

3. In a Wildlife Sanctuary,limited biotic interference ispermitted.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?(A) 1 only(B) 2 and 3 only(C) 1 and 3 only(D) 1, 2 and 3

23. A pesticide which is a chlorina-ted hydrocarbon is sprayed on afood crop. The food chain is :Food crop-Rat-Snake-Hawk. Inthis food chain, the highestconcentration of the pesticidewould accumulate in which oneof the following ?(A) Food crop (B) Rat(C) Snake (D) Hawk

24. With reference to soil conserva-tion, consider the followingpractices :1. Crop rotation2. Sand fences3. Terracing4. Wind breaks

Which of the above are consi-dered appropriate methods forsoil conservation in India ?(A) 1, 2 and 3 only(B) 2 and 4 only(C) 1, 3 and 4 only(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

25. With reference to the Non-banking Financial Companies(NBFCs) in India, consider thefollowing statements :

1. They cannot engage in theacquisition of securitiesissued by the government.

2. They cannot accept demanddeposits like SavingsAccount.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?

(A) 1 only(B) 2 only(C) Both 1 and 2(D) Neither 1 nor 2

26. Which one of the following wasnot stipulated in the FiscalResponsibility and BudgetManagement Act, 2003 ?

(A) Elimination of revenuedeficit by the end of the fiscalyear 2007-08

(B) Non-borrowing by thecentral government from ReserveBank of India except undercertain circumstances

(C) Elimination of primarydeficit by the end of the fiscalyear 2008-09

(D) Fixing government guaran-tees in any financial year as apercentage of GDP

27. Two trains leave New Delhi atthe same time. One travels northat 60 kmph and the other travelssouth at 40 kmph. After howmany hours will the trains be 150km apart ?

(A) 32 (B) 4

3

(C) 34 (D) 15

2

28. A question paper had tenquestions. Each question couldonly be answered as True (T) orFalse (F). Each candidate ans-wered all the questions. Yet, notwo candidates wrote the ans-wers in an identical sequence.

How many different sequencesof answers are possible ?(A) 20 (B) 40(C) 512 (D) 1024

29. In the parlance of financialinvestments, the term ‘bear’denotes—(A) An investor who feels thatthe price of a particular securityis going to fall(B) An investor who expects theprice of particular shares to rise(C) A shareholder or a bond-holder who has an interest in acompany, financial or otherwise(D) Any lender whether bymaking a loan or buying a bond.

30. A great deal of Foreign DirectInvestment (FDI) to India comesfrom Mauritius than from manymajor and mature economies likeUK and France. Why ?(A) India has preference forcertain countries as regardsreceiving FDI(B) India has double taxationavoidance agreement withMauritius(C) Most citizens of Mauritiushave ethnic identity with Indiaand so they feel secure to investin India(D) Impending dangers ofglobal climatic change promptMauritius to make huge invest-ments in India

31. Six books A, B, C, D, E and F areplaced side by side. B, C and Ehave blue cover and the otherbooks have red cover. Only Dand F are new books and therest are old. A, C and D are lawreports and others are Gazet-teers. What book is a new lawreport with a red colour ?(A) A (B) B(C) C (D) D

32. Following are the characteristicsof an area in India :1. Hot and humid climate.2. Annual rainfall 200 cm.3. Hill slopes up to an altitude

of 1100 metre4. Annual range of tempera-

ture 15°C to 30°C

Which one among the followingcrops are you most likely to findin the area described above ?

PD/July/2010/145

(A) Mustard(B) Cotton(C) Pepper(D) Virginia tobacco

33. Running at a speed of 60 km perhour, a train passed through a1·5 km long tunnel in twominutes. What is the length ofthe train ?(A) 250 m (B) 500 m(C) 1000 m (D) 1500 m

34. India-based Neutrino Observa-tory is included by the PlanningCommission as a mega scienceproject under the 11th Five-YearPlan. In this context, consider thefollowing statements—

1. Neutrinos are chargelesselementary particles thattravel close to the speed oflight.

2. Neutrinos are created innuclear reactions of betadecay.

3. Neutrinos have a negligible,but nonzero mass.

4. Trillions of Neutrinos passthrough human body everysecond.

Which of the statements givenabove are correct ?(A) 1 and 3 only(B) 1, 2 and 3 only(C) 2, 3 and 4(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

35. The ‘Instrument of Instructions’contained in the Government ofIndia Act 1935 have beenincorporated in the Constitutionof India in the year 1950 as—

(A) Fundamental Rights(B) Directive Principles of StatePolicy(C) Extent of Executive Powerof State(D) Conduct of Business of theGovernment of India

36. Hydrogen fuel cell vehiclesproduce one of the following as‘exhaust’—(A) NH3 (B) CH4

(C) H2O (D) H2O2

37. Recently, LASIK (Laser Assistedin situ Keratomileusis) proce-dure is being made popular forvision correction. Which one of

the following statements in thiscontext is not correct ?(A) LASIK procedure is used tocorrect refractive errors of theeye(B) It is a procedure that per-manently changes the shapes ofthe cornea(C) It reduces a person’s depen-dence on glasses or contactlenses(D) It is a procedure that can bedone on the person of any age

38. Consider the following :1. Oxides of Hydrogen2. Oxides of Nitrogen3. Oxides of SulphurWhich of the above causes/causeacid rain ?(A) 1 and 2 only(B) 3 only(C) 2 and 3 only(D) 1, 2 and 3

39. Six persons M, N, O, P, Q and Rare sitting in two rows, three ineach. Q is not at the end of anyrow. P is second to the left of R.O is the neighbour of Q and issitting diagonally opposite to P.N is the neighbour of R. On thebasis of above information, whois facing N ?(A) R (B) Q(C) P (D) M

40. A person X has four notes ofRupee 1, 2, 5 and 10 denomina-tion. The number of differentsums of money she can formfrom them is—(A) 16 (B) 15(C) 12 (D) 8

41. Consider the following countries :1. Brazil2. Mexico3. South AfricaAccording to UNCTAD, whichof the above is/are categorizedas ‘Emerging Economies’ ?(A) 1 only(B) 1 and 3 only(C) 2 and 3 only(D) 1, 2 and 3

42. Which one of the following is notrelated to United Nations ?(A) Multilateral InvestmentGuarantee Agency

(B) International Finance Cor-poration(C) International Centre for Set-tlement of Investment Disputes(D) Bank of International Settle-ments

43. In the context of Indianeconomy, consider the followingpairs :Term Most appropriate

description1. Melt down

—Fall in stock prices2. Recession

—Fall in growth rate3. Slow down —Fall in GDPWhich of the pairs given aboveis/are correctly matched ?(A) 1 only(B) 2 and 3 only(C) 1 and 3 only(D) 1, 2 and 3

44. With reference to BRIC coun-tries consider the following state-ments :1. At present, China’s GDP is

more than the combinedGDP of all the three othercountries.

2. China’s population is morethan the combined popula-tion of any two other coun-tries.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?(A) 1 only(B) 2 only(C) Both 1 and 2(D) Neither 1 nor 2

45. Which of the following is/aretreated as artificial currency ?(A) ADR(B) GDR(C) SDR(D) Both ADR and SDR

46. Stiglitz Commission establishedby the President of the UnitedNations General Assembly wasin the international news. Thecommission was supposed todeal with—(A) The challenges posed by theimpending global climate changeand prepare a road map(B) The workings of the globalfinancial systems and to exploreways and means to secure amore sustainable global order

PD/July/2010/146

(C) Global terrorism and pre-pare a global action plan for themitigation of terrorism(D) Expansion of the UnitedNations Security Council in thepresent global scenario

47. With reference to the mineralresources of India, consider thefollowing pairs :Mineral 90% Natural

sources in

1. Copper —Jharkhand2. Nickel —Orissa3. Tungsten —Kerala

Which of the pairs given aboveis/are correctly matched ?

(A) 1 and 2 only(B) 2 only(C) 1 and 3 only(D) 1, 2 and 3

48. As regards the use of inter-national food safety standards asreference point for the disputesettlements, which one of thefollowing does WTO collaboratewith ?(A) Codex Alimentarius Com-mission(B) International Federation ofStandards Users(C) International Organisationfor Standardization(D) World Standards Coopera-tion

49. An objective of the NationalFood Security Mission is toincrease the production of certaincrops through area expansionand productivity enhancement ina sustainable manner in theidentified districts of the country.What are those crops ?

(A) Rice and wheat only(B) Rice, wheat and pulses only(C) Rice, wheat, pulses and oil-seeds only(D) Rice, wheat, pulses, oilseedsand vegetables

50. In India, the interest rate onsavings accounts in all thenationalized commercial banks isfixed by—(A) Union Ministry of Finance(B) Union Finance Commission(C) Indian Banks’ Association(D) None of the above

51. With reference to Simon Commis-sion’s recommendations, whichone of the following statementsis correct ?

(A) It recommended the replace-ment of diarchy with responsiblegovernment in the provinces(B) It proposed the setting up ofinter-provincial council underthe Home Department(C) It suggested the abolition ofbicameral legislature at theCentre(D) It recommended the creationof Indian Police Service with aprovision for increased pay andallowances for British recruits ascompared to Indian recruits

52. Four resolutions were passed atthe famous Calcutta session ofIndian National Congress in1906. The question of eitherretention OR of rejection of thesefour resolutions became thecause of a split in Congress at thenext Congress session held inSurat in 1907. Which one of thefollowing was not one of thoseresolutions ?

(A) Annulment of partition ofBengal(B) Boycott(C) National education(D) Swadeshi

53. Two numbers X and Y are res-pectively 20% and 28% less thana third number Z. By whatpercentage is the number Y lessthan the number X ?(A) 8% (B) 9%(C) 10% (D) 12%

54. After Quit India Movement, C.Rajagopalachari issued a pam-phlet entitled ‘The Way Out’.Which one of the following was aproposal in this pamphlet ?

(A) The establishment of a ‘WarAdvisory Council’ composed ofrepresentatives of British Indiaand the Indian States

(B) Reconstitution of theCentral Executive Council insuch a way that all its members,except the Governor General andthe Commander-in-Chief shouldbe Indian leaders(C) Fresh elections to the Centraland Provincial Legislatures to be

held at the end of 1945 and theConstitution making body to beconvened as soon as possible(D) A solution for the constitu-tional deadlock

55. There are only two knownexamples of cave paintings of theGupta period in ancient India.One of these is paintings ofAjanta caves. Where is the othersurviving example of Guptapaintings ?(A) Bagh caves(B) Ellora caves(C) Lomas Rishi cave(D) Nasik caves

56. The United Nations FrameworkConvention on Climate Change(UNFCCC) is an internationaltreaty drawn at—

(A) United Nations Conferenceon the Human Environment,Stockholm, 1972(B) UN Conference on Environ-ment and Development, Rio deJaneiro, 1992(C) World Summit on Sustain-able Development, Johannes-burg, 2002(D) UN Climate Change Con-ference, Copenhagen, 2009

57. Which bacterial strain, deve-loped from natural isolates bygenetic manipulations, can beused for treating oil spills ?(A) Agrobacterium(B) Clostridium(C) Nitrosomonas(D) Pseudomonas

58. Which feature of some species ofblue-green algae helps promotethem as bio-fertilizers ?

(A) They convert atmosphericmethane into ammonia whichthe crop plants can absorbreadily

(B) They induce the crop plantsto produce the enzymes whichhelp convert atmospheric nitro-gen to nitrates

(C) They have the mechanism toconvert atmospheric nitrogeninto a form that the crop plantscan absorb readily

(D) They induce the roots of thecrop plants to absorb the soilnitrates in larger quantities

PD/July/2010/147

59. India is a party to the RamsarConvention and has declaredmany areas as Ramsar Sites.Which of the following state-ments best describes as to howwe should maintain these sites inthe context of this Convention ?(A) Keep all the sites completelyinaccessible to man to that theywill not be exploited(B) Conserve all the sitesthrough ecosystem approach andpermit tourism and recreationonly(C) Conserve all the sitesthrough ecosystem approach fora period without any exploita-tion, with specific critieria andspecific period for each site, andthen allow sustainable use ofthem by future generations(D) Conserve all the sitesthrough ecosystem approach andallow their simultaneous sus-tainable use

60. Other than Jatropha curcas, why isPongamia pinnata also considereda good option for the productionof bio-diesel in India ?1. Pongamia pinnata grows

naturally in most of the aridregions of India.

2. The seeds of Pongamiapinnata are rich in lipidcontent of which rearly halfis oleic acid.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?(A) 1 only(B) 2 only(C) Both 1 and 2(D) Neither 1 nor 2

61. Due to their extensive rice culti-vation, some regions may becontributing to global warming.To what possible reason/reasonsis this attributable ?1. The anaerobic conditions

associated with rice cultiva-tion cause the emission ofmethane.

2. When nitrogen based ferti-lizers are used, nitrous oxideis emitted from the cultiva-ted soil.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?(A) 1 only(B) 2 only

(C) Both 1 and 2(D) Neither 1 nor 2

62. Sustainable development isdescribed as the developmentthat meets the needs of thepresent without compromisingthe ability of future generationsto meet their own needs. In thisperspective, inherently the con-cept of sustainable developmentis intertwined with which of thefollowing concepts ?(A) Social justice and empower-ment(B) Inclusive Growth(C) Globalization(D) Carrying capacity

63. Given below are the names offour energy crops. Which one ofthem can be cultivated forethanol ?(A) Jatropha(B) Maize(C) Pongamia(D) Sunflower

64. Consider the following pairs :Protected Well-knownarea for

1. Bhiterkanika, Orissa—Salt Water Crocodile

2. Desert National Park,Rajasthan

—Great Indian Bustard3. Eravikulam, Kerala

—Hoolak GibbonWhich of the pairs given aboveis/are correctly matched ?(A) 1 only(B) 1 and 2 only(C) 2 only(D) 1, 2 and 3

65. Some species of plants are insec-tivorous. Why ?(A) Their growth in shady anddark places does not allow themto undertake sufficient photo-synthesis and thus they dependon insects for nutrition(B) They are adapted to grow innitrogen deficient soils and thusdepend on insects for sufficientnitrogenous nutrition(C) They cannot synthesizecertain vitamins themselves anddepend on the insects digestedby them

(D) They have remained in thatparticular stage of evolution asliving fossils, a link betweenautotrophs and heterotrophs

66. A person travelled a distance of50 km in 8 hours. He covered apart of the distance on foot at therate of 4 km per hour and a parton a bicycle at the rate of 10 kmper hour. How much distancedid he travel on foot ?(A) 10 km (B) 20 km(C) 30 km (D) 40 km

67. In the context of governance,consider the following :

1. Encouraging Foreign DirectInvestment inflows.

2. Privatization of highereducational Institutions.

3. Down-sizing of bureaucracy.

4. Selling/offloading the sharesof Public Sector Under-takings.

Which of the above can be usedas measures to control the fiscaldeficit in India ?

(A) 1, 2 and 3(B) 2, 3 and 4(C) 1, 2 and 4(D) 3 and 4 only

68. As per the UN-Habitat’s GlobalReport on Human Settlements2009, which one among thefollowing regions has shown thefastest growth rate of urbani-zation in the last three decades ?(A) Asia(B) Europe(C) Latin America and Carib-bean(D) North America

69. In India, which type of forestamong the following occupiesthe largest area ?

(A) Montane Wet TemperateForest(B) Sub-tropical Dry EvergreenForest(C) Tropical Moist DeciduousForest(D) Tropical Wet EvergreenForest

70. Inclusive growth as enunciatedin the Eleventh Five Year Plandoes not include o n e of thefollowing—

PD/July/2010/148

(A) Reduction of poverty(B) Extension of employmentopportunities(C) Strengthening of capitalmarket(D) Reduction of gender ine-quality

71. How many numbers from 0 to999 are not divisible by either 5or 7 ?(A) 313 (B) 341(C) 686 (D) 786

72. Tamil Nadu is a leading pro-ducer of mill-made cotton yarnin the country. What could be thereason ?1. Black cotton soil is the

predominant type of soil inthe State.

2. Rich pool of skilled labour isavailable.

Which of the above is/are thecorrect reasons ?(A) 1 only(B) 2 only(C) Both 1 and 2(D) Neither 1 nor 2

73. Consider the following state-ments :1. On the planet Earth, the

fresh water available for useamounts to about less than1% of the total water found.

2. Of the total fresh waterfound on the planet Earth95% is bound up in polar icecaps and glaciers.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?(A) 1 only(B) 2 only(C) Both 1 and 2(D) Neither 1 nor 2

74. Which one of the followingreflects back more sunlight ascompared to other three ?(A) Sand desert(B) Paddy crop land(C) Land covered with freshsnow(D) Prairie land

75. Rivers that pass throughHimachal Pradesh are—(A) Beas and Chenab only(B) Beas and Ravi only(C) Chenab, Ravi and Satlujonly

(D) Beas, Chenab, Ravi, Satlujand Yamuna

76. Who of the following shall causeevery recommendation made bythe Finance Commission to belaid before each House ofParliament ?(A) The President of India(B) The Speaker of Lok Sabha(C) The Prime Minister of India(D) The Union Finance Minister

77. Which one of the following isresponsible for the preparationand presentation of UnionBudget to the Parliament ?(A) Department of Revenue(B) Department of EconomicAffairs(C) Department of FinancialServices(D) Department of Expenditure

78. In a group of five persons A, B,C, D and E, there is a professor, adoctor and lawyer. A and D areunmarried ladies, and do notwork. Of the married couple inthe Group, E is the husband. B isthe brother of A and is neither adoctor nor a lawyer. Who is theprofessor ?(A) B(B) C(C) A(D) Cannot be determined withthe available data

79. Consider the following actionsby the Government :1. Cutting the tax rates.2. Increasing the government

spending.3. Abolishing the subsidiesIn the context of economicrecession, which of the aboveactions can be considered a partof the ‘fiscal stimulus’ package ?(A) 1 and 2 only(B) 2 only(C) 1 and 3 only(D) 1, 2 and 3

80. Half of the villagers of a certainvillage have their own houses.One-fifth of the villagers culti-vate paddy. One-third of thevillagers are literate. Four-fifth ofthe villagers are below twentyfive. Then, which one of thefollowing is certainly true ?

(A) All the villagers who havetheir own houses are literate

(B) Some villagers under twentyfive are literate

(C) A quarter of the villagerswho have their own housescultivate paddy

(D) Half of the villagers whocultivate paddy are literate

81. When the Reserve Bank of Indiaannounces an increase of theCash Reserve Ratio, what does itmean ?

(A) The commercial banks willhave less money to lend

(B) The Reserve Bank of Indiawill have less money to lend

(C) The Union Government willhave less money to lend

(D) The commercial banks willhave more money to lend

82. Who among the followingGovernor Generals created theCovenanted Civil Service ofIndia which later came to beknown as the Indian CivilService ?(A) Warren Hastings(B) Wellesley(C) Cornwallis(D) William Bentinck

83. What was the immediate causefor the launch of the Swadeshimovement ?

(A) The partition of Bengal doneby Lord Curzon

(B) A sentence of 18 monthsrigorous imprisonment imposedon Lokmanya Tilak

(C) The arrest and deportationof Lala Lajpat Rai and Ajit Singh;and passing of the PunjabColonization Bill

(D) Death sentence pronouncedon the Chapekar brothers

84. Consider the following state-ments :

1. Dr. Rajendra Prasad per-suaded Mahatma Gandhi tocome to Champaran toinvestigate the problem ofpeasants.

2. Acharya J. B. Kriplani wasone of Mahatma Gandhi’scolleagues in his Champaraninvestigation.

PD/July/2010/149

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?(A) 1 only(B) 2 only(C) Both 1 and 2(D) Neither 1 nor 2

85. By a regulation in 1793, theDistrict Collector was deprivedof his judicial powers and madethe collecting agent only. Whatwas the reason for such regula-tion ?(A) Lord Cornwallis felt that theDistrict Collector’s efficiency ofrevenue collection wouldenormously increase without theburden of other work(B) Lord Cornwallis felt thatJudicial power should compul-sorily be in the hands of Euro-peans while Indians can be giventhe job of revenue collec-tion inthe districts(C) Lord Cornwallis was alar-med at the extent of powerconcentrated in the DistrictCollector and felt that suchabsolute power was undesirablein one person(D) The judicial work deman-ded a deep knowledge of Indiaand a good training in law andLord Cornwallis felt that DistrictCollector should be only arevenue collector

86. With reference to India, considerthe following statements :1. The Wholesale Price Index

(WPI) in India is availableon a monthly basis only.

2. As compared to ConsumerPrice Index for IndustrialWorkers [CPI(IW)], the WPIgives less weight to foodarticles.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?(A) 1 only(B) 2 only(C) Both 1 and 2(D) Neither 1 nor 2

87. Each person’s performance com-pared with all other persons is tobe done to rank them subjec-tively. How many comparisonsare needed in total, if there are 11persons ?(A) 66 (B) 55(C) 54 (D) 45

88. What is the principle by which acooling system (Radiator) in amotor car works ?(A) Conduction only(B) Convection(C) Radiation only(D) Both conduction and radia-tion

89. Which among the following do/does not belong/belongs to theGSM family of wireless techno-logies ?(A) EDGE(B) LTE(C) DSL(D) Both EDGE and LTE

90. With reference to the treatmentof cancerous tumours, a toolcalled cyberknife has beenmaking the news. In this context,which one of the followingstatements is not correct ?(A) It is a robotic image guided,system(B) It delivers an extremelyprecise dose of radiation(C) It has the capability ofachieving sub-millimetre accu-racy(D) It can map the spread oftumour in the body

91. When you travel in certain partsof India, you will notice red soil.What is the main reason for thiscolour ?(A) Abundance of magnesium(B) Accumulated humus(C) Presence of ferric oxides(D) Abundance of phosphates

92. Which one of the following is theappropriate reason for consi-dering the Gondwana rocks asmost important of rock systemsof India ?(A) More than 90% of limestonereserves of India are found inthem(B) More than 90% of India’scoal reserves are found in them(C) More than 90% of fertileblack cotton soils are spread overthem(D) None of the reasons givenabove is appropriate in thiscontext

93. Which one of the following canone come across if one travelsthrough the Strait of Malacca ?

(A) Bali(B) Brunei(C) Java(D) Singapore

94. With reference to the river Luni,which one of the following state-ments is correct ?(A) It flows into Gulf ofKhambhat(B) It flows into Gulf ofKuchchh(C) It flows into Pakistan andmerges with a tributary of Indus(D) It is lost in the marshy landof the Rann of Kuchchh

95. Which one of the following pairsis not correctly matched ?

Dam/Lake River(A) Govind Sagar —Satluj(B) Kolleru Lake —Krishna(C) Ukai Reservoir —Tapi(D) Wular Lake —Jhelum

96. A geographic region has thefollowing distinct characteris-tics :1. Warm and dry climate.2. Mild and wet winter.3. Evergreen oak trees.The above features are thedistinct characteristics of whichone of the following regions ?(A) Mediterranean(B) Eastern China(C) Central Asia(D) Atlantic coast of NorthAmerica

97. With reference to the NationalRehabilitation and ResettlementPolicy, 2007, consider the follow-ing statements :1. This policy is applicable

only to the persons affectedby the acquisition of land forprojects and not to theinvoluntary displacementdue to any other reason.

2. This policy has been for-mulated by the Ministry ofSocial Justice and Empower-ment.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?(A) 1 only(B) 2 only(C) Both 1 and 2(D) Neither 1 nor 2

PD/July/2010/150

98. In the context of India’s FiveYear Plans, a shift in the patternof industrialization, with loweremphasis on heavy industriesand more on infrastructurebegins in—(A) Fourth Plan(B) Sixth Plan(C) Eighth Plan(D) Tenth Plan

99. Two of the schemes launched bythe Government of India forWomen’s development areSwadhar and Swayam Siddha.As regards the difference bet-ween them, consider the follow-ing statements :

1. Swayam Siddha is meant forthose in difficult circums-tances such as women sur-vivors of natural disasters orterrorism, women prisonersreleased from jails, mentallychallenged women etc.whereas Swadhar is meantfor holistic empowerment ofwomen through Self HelpGroups.

2. Swayam Siddha is imple-mented through Local SelfGovernment bodies orreputed Voluntary Organi-sations whereas Swadhar isimplemented through theICDS units set up in thestates.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?(A) 1 only(B) 2 only(C) Both 1 and 2(D) Neither 1 nor 2

100. With reference to the UnitedNations Convention on theRights of the Child, consider thefollowing :1. The Right to Development.2. The Right to Expression.3. The Right to Recreation.Which of the above is/are theRights of the child ?(A) 1 only(B) 1 and 3 only(C) 2 and 3 only(D) 1, 2 and 3

101. Three men start together to travelthe same way around a circular

track of 11 km. Their speeds are4, 5·5 and 8 kmph respectively.When will they meet at thestarting point for the first time ?

(A) After 11 hours(B) After 21 hours(C) After 22 hours(D) After 33 hours

102. With reference to the ConsumerDisputes Redressal at districtlevel in India, which one of thefollowing statements is notcorrect ?

(A) A State Government canestablish more than one DistrictForum in a district if it deems fit

(B) One of the members of theDistrict Forum shall be a woman

(C) The District Forum enter-tains the complaints where thevalue of goods or services doesnot exceed rupees fifty lakhs

(D) A complaint in relation toany goods sold or any serviceprovided may be filed with aDistrict Forum by the StateGovernment as a representativeof the interests of the consumersin general

103. King Cobra is the only snake thatmakes its own nest. Why does itmake its nest ?

(A) It is a snake-eater and thenest helps attract other snakes

(B) It is a viviparous snake andneeds a nest to give birth to itsoffspring

(C) It is an oviparous snake andlays its eggs in the nest andguards the nest until they arehatched

(D) It is a large, cold bloodedanimal and needs a nest tohibernate in the cold season

104. As a result of their annualsurvey, the National GeographicSociety and an internationalpolling firm Globe Scane gaveIndia top rank in Greendex 2009score. What is this score ?

(A) It is a measure of effortsmade by different countries inadopting technologies for reduc-ing carbon footprint

(B) It is a measure of environ-mentally sustainable consumerbehaviour in different countries

(C) It is an assessment of pro-grammes/schemes undertakenby different countries for improv-ing the conservation of naturalresources(D) It is an index showing thevolume of carbon credits sold bydifferent countries

105. Consider the following state-ments :1. The Taxus tree naturally

found in the Himalayas.2. The Taxus tree is listed in

the Red Data Book.3. A drug called ‘taxol’ is

obtained from Taxus tree iseffective against Parkinson’sdisease.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?(A) 1 only(B) 1 and 2 only(C) 2 and 3 only(D) 1, 2 and 3

106. P, Q, R and S are four men. P isthe oldest but not the poorest. Ris the richest but not the oldest. Qis older than S but not than P orR. P is richer than Q but not thanS. The four men can be ordered(descending) in respect of ageand richness, respectively, as—

(A) PQRS, RPSQ(B) PRQS, RSPQ(C) PRQS, RSQP(D) PRSQ, RSPQ

107. What causes wind to deflecttowards left in the Southernhemi-sphere ?(A) Temperature(B) Magnetic field(C) Rotation of the earth(D) Pressure

108. Indiscriminate disposal of usedfluorescent electric lamps causesmercury pollution in theenvironment. Why is mercuryused in the manufacture of theselamps ?

(A) A mercury coating on theinside of the lamp makes thelight bright white

(B) When the lamp is switchedon, the mercury in the lampcauses the emission of ultra-violet radiations

PD/July/2010/151

(C) When the lamp is switchedon, it is the mercury whichconverts the ultra-violet energyinto visible light(D) None of the statement givenabove is correct about the use ofmercury in the manufacture offluorescent lamps

109. If there were no Himalayanranges, what would have beenthe most likely geographicalimpact on India ?1. Much of the country would

experience the cold wavesfrom Siberia.

2. Indo-gangetic plain wouldbe devoid of such extensivealluvial soils.

3. The pattern of monsoonwould be different fromwhat it is at present.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?(A) 1 only(B) 1 and 3 only(C) 2 and 3 only(D) 1, 2 and 3

110. In the context of space tech-nology, what is ‘Bhuvan’,recently in the news ?(A) A mini satellite launched byISRO for promoting the distanceeducation in India(B) The name given to the nextMoon Impact Probe, forChandrayaan-II(C) A geoportal of ISRO with3D imaging capabilities of India(D) A space telescope developedby India

111. The latitudes that pass throughSikkim also pass through—(A) Rajasthan(B) Punjab(C) Himachal Pradesh(D) Jammu & Kashmir

112. A man fills a basket with eggs insuch a way that the number ofeggs added on each successiveday is the same as the numberalready present in the basket.This way the basket gets com-pletely filled in 24 days. After

how many days the basket was

14th full ?

(A) 6 (B) 12(C) 17 (D) 22

113. The diameters of two circularcoins are in the ratio of 1 : 3. Thesmaller coin is made to rollaround the bigger coin till itreturns to the position fromwhere the process of rollingstarted. How many times thesmaller coin rolled around thebigger coin ?(A) 9 (B) 6(C) 3 (D) 1·5

114. The difference between thesimple interest received fromtwo banks on Rs. 500 for twoyears is Rs. 2·50. What is thedifference between their rates ?

(A) 0·25% (B) 0·5%(C) 1% (D) 2·5%

115. When ten persons shake handswith one another, in how manyways is it possible ?

(A) 20 (B) 25(C) 40 (D) 45

116. A candidate attempted 12 ques-tions and secured full marks inall of them. If he obtained 60% inthe test and all questions carriedequal marks, then what is thenumber of questions in the test ?(A) 36 (B) 30(C) 25 (D) 20

117. In how many ways can fourchildren be made to stand in aline such that two of them, A andB are always together ?

(A) 6 (B) 12(C) 18 (D) 24

118. In a meeting, the map of a villagewas placed in such a manner thatsouth-east becomes north, north-east becomes west and so on.What will south become ?(A) North(B) North-east(C) North-west(D) West

119. Consider the following state-ments :1. The ‘Bombay Manifesto’

signed in 1936 openlyopposed the preaching ofsocialist ideals.

2. It evoked support from alarge section of businesscommunity from all acrossIndia.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?(A) 1 only(B) 2 only(C) Both 1 and 2(D) Neither 1 nor 2

120. Among the following, who wasnot a proponent of bhakti cult ?(A) Nagarjuna(B) Tukaram(C) Tyagaraja(D) Vallabhacharya

121. For the Karachi session of IndianNational Congress in 1931 pre-sided over by Sardar Patel, whodrafted the Resolution on Funda-mental Rights and EconomicProgramme ?(A) Mahatma Gandhi(B) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru(C) Dr. Rajendra Prasad(D) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar

122. Who among the following wereofficial Congress negotiatorswith Cripps Mission ?

(A) Mahatma Gandhi andSardar Patel

(B) Acharya J. B. Kripalani andC. Rajagopalachari

(C) Pandit Nehru and MaulanaAzad

(D) Dr. Rajendra Prasad andRafi Ahmed Kidwai

123. Which one of the followingprocesses in the bodies of livingorganisms is a digestive pro-cess ?(A) Breakdown of proteins intoamino acids(B) Breakdown of glucose intoCO2 and H2O

(C) Conversion of glucose intoglycogen(D) Conversion of amino acidsinto proteins

124. From the point of view ofevolution of living organisms,which one of the following is thecorrect sequence of evolution ?(A) Otter-Tortoise-Shark(B) Shark-Tortoise-Otter(C) Tortoise-Shark-Otter(D) Shark-Otter-Tortoise

125. Consider the following state-ments :

PD/July/2010/152

1. Hepatitis B is several timesmore infectious than HIV/AIDS

2. Hepatitis B can cause livercancer.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?(A) 1 only(B) 2 only(C) Both 1 and 2(D) Neither 1 nor 2

126. Excessive release of the pollutantcarbon monoxide (CO) into theair may produce a condition inwhich oxygen supply in thehuman body decreases. Whatcauses this condition ?(A) When inhaled into thehuman body, CO is convertedinto CO2

(B) The inhaled CO has muchhigher affinity for haemoglobinas compared to oxygen(C) The inhaled CO destroys thechemical structure of haemo-globin(D) The inhaled CO Adverselyaffects the respiratory centre inthe brain

127. Consider the following state-ments :1. Every individual in the

population is equally sus-ceptible host for Swine Flu.

2. Antibiotics have no role inthe primary treatment ofSwine Flu.

3. To prevent the future spreadof Swine Flu in the epidemicarea, the swine (pigs) mustall be culled.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?(A) 1 and 2 only(B) 2 only(C) 2 and 3 only(D) 1, 2 and 3

128. With regard to the transmissionof the Human ImmunodeficiencyVirus, which one of the followingstatements is not correct ?(A) The chances of transmissionfrom female to male are twice aslikely as from male to female(B) The chances of transmissionare more if a person suffers fromother sexually transmittedinfections

(C) An infected mother cantransmit the infection to her babyduring pregnancy, at childbirthand by breast feeding(D) The risk of contractinginfection from transfusion ofinfected blood is much higherthan an exposure to contami-nated needle

129. What are the possible limitationsof India in mitigating the globalwarming at present and in theimmediate future ?1. Appropriate alternate tech-

nologies are not sufficientlyavailable.

2. India cannot invest hugefunds in research and deve-lopment.

3. Many developed countrieshave already set up theirpolluting industries in India.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?(A) 1 and 2 only(B) 2 only(C) 1 and 3 only(D) 1, 2 and 3

130. Consider the following state-ments :1. The Commonwealth has no

charter, treaty or constitu-tion.

2. All the territories/countriesonce under the Britishempire (jurisdiction/rule/mandate) automaticallyjoined the Commonwealthas its members.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?(A) 1 only(B) 2 only(C) Both 1 and 2(D) Neither 1 nor 2

131. Examine the following state-ments :1. All colours are pleasant.2. Some colours are pleasant.3. No colour is pleasant.4. Some colours are not

pleasant.Given that the statement 4 istrue, what can be definitelyconcluded ?(A) 1 and 2 are true(B) 1 is false(C) 2 is false(D) 3 is true

132. In the context of bilateral tradenegotiations between India andEuropean Union, what is thedifference between EuropeanCommission and EuropeanCouncil ?

1. European Commissionrepresents the EU in tradenegotiations whereas Euro-pean Council participates inthe legislation of matterspertaining to economic poli-cies of the European Union.

2. European Commissioncomprises the Heads of Stateor government of membercountries whereas theEuropean Council comprisesof the persons nominated byEuropean Parliament.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?(A) 1 only(B) 2 only(C) Both 1 and 2(D) Neither 1 nor 2

133. The approximate representationof land use classification in Indiais—

(A) Net area sown 25%; forests33%; other areas 42%

(B) Net area sown 58%; forests17%; other areas 25%

(C) Net area sown 43%; forests29%; other areas 28%

(D) Net area sown 47%; forests23%; other areas 39%

134. With reference to the NationalInvestment Fund to which thedisinvestment proceeds arerouted, consider the followingstatements :

1. The assets in the NationalInvestment Fund are mana-ged by the Union Ministryof Finance.

2. The National InvestmentFund is to be maintainedwithin the ConsolidatedFund of India.

3. Certain Asset ManagementCompanies are appointed asthe fund managers.

4. A certain proportion ofannual income is used forfinancing select socialsectors.

PD/July/2010/153

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?(A) 1 and 2 (B) 2 only(C) 3 and 4 (D) 3 only

135. In India, which of the followingis regulated by the ForwardMarkets Commission ?(A) Currency Futures Trading(B) Commodities Futures Trad-ing(C) Equity Futures Trading(D) Both Commodities Futuresand Financial Futures Trading

136. Which one of the following is nota feature of Limited LiabilityPartnership firm ?(A) Partners should be less than20(B) Partnership and manage-ment need not be separate(C) Internal governance may bedecided by mutual agreementamong partners(D) It is corporate body withperpetual succession

137. With reference to the institutionof Banking Ombudsman in India,which one of the statements isnot correct ?(A) The Banking Ombudsman isappointed by the Reserve Bankof India(B) The Banking Ombudsmancan consider complaints fromNon-Resident Indians havingaccounts in India(C) The orders passed by theBanking Ombudsman are finaland binding on the parties con-cerned(D) The service provided by theBanking Ombudsman is free ofany fee

138. With reference to India, considerthe following :1. Nationalization of Banks.2. Formation of Regional Rural

Banks.3. Adoption of villages by

Bank Branches.Which of the above can be consi-dered as steps taken to achievethe ‘financial inclusion’ in India ?(A) 1 and 2 only(B) 2 and 3 only(C) 3 only(D) 1, 2 and 3

139. What was the immediate reasonfor Ahmad Shah Abdali toinvade India and fight the ThirdBattle of Panipat ?(A) He wanted to avenge theexpulsion by Marathas of hisviceroy Timur Shah from Lahore(B) The frustrated governor ofJullundhar Adina Beg Khaninvited him to invade Punjab(C) He wanted to punishMughal administration for non-payment of the revenues of theChahar Mahal (Gujarat,Aurangabad, Sialkot and Pasrur)(D) He wanted to annex all thefertile plains of Punjab up to theborders of Delhi to his kingdom

140. With reference to Pondicherry(now Puducherry), consider thefollowing statements :

1. The first European power tooccupy Pondicherry werethe Portuguese.

2. The second European powerto occupy Pondicherry werethe French.

3. The English never occupiedPondicherry.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?(A) 1 only(B) 2 and 3 only(C) 3 only(D) 1, 2 and 3

141. Why did Buddhism start declin-ing in India in the early medievaltimes ?

1. Buddha was by that timeconsidered as one of theincarnations of Vishnu andthus became a part ofVaishnavism.

2. The invading tribes fromCentral Asia till the time oflast Gupta king adoptedHinduism and persecutedBuddhists.

3. The Kings of Gupta dynastywere strongly opposed toBuddhism.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?(A) 1 only(B) 1 and 3 only(C) 2 and 3 only(D) 1, 2 and 3

142. Consider the following state-ments :The functions of commercialbanks in India include—1. Purchase and sale of shares

and securities on behalf ofcustomers.

2. Acting as executors andtrustees of wills.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?(A) 1 only(B) 2 only(C) Both 1 and 2(D) Neither 1 nor 2

143. In India, the tax proceeds ofwhich one of the following as apercentage of gross tax revenuehas significantly declined in thelast five years ?(A) Service tax(B) Personal income tax(C) Excise duty(D) Corporation tax

144. Which one of the followingauthorities makes recommen-dation to the Governor of a Stateas to the principles for deter-mining the taxes and dutieswhich may be appropriated bythe Panchayats in that particularState ?(A) District Planning Commit-tees(B) State Finance Commission(C) Finance Ministry of thatState(D) Panchayati Raj Ministry ofthat State

145. Consider the following state-ments :In India, taxes on transactions inStock Exchanges and FuturesMarkets are—1. levied by the Union.2. collected by the States.Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?(A) 1 only(B) 2 only(C) Both 1 and 2(D) Neither 1 nor 2

146. In India, during the last decadethe total cultivated land forwhich one of the following cropshas remained more or lessstagnant ?

PD/July/2010/154

(A) Rice (B) Oilseeds(C) Pulses (D) Sugarcane

147. Consider the following state-ments :1. The Union Government

fixes the Statutory MinimumPrice of sugarcane for eachsugar season.

2. Sugar and sugarcane areessential commodities underthe Essential CommoditiesAct.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?(A) 1 only(B) 2 only(C) Both 1 and 2(D) Neither 1 nor 2

148. With reference to Indianeconomy, consider the followingstatements :1. The Gross Domestic Product

(GDP) has increased by fourtimes in the last 10 years.

2. The percentage share ofPublic Sector in GDP hasdeclined in the last 10 years.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?(A) 1 only(B) 2 only(C) Both 1 and 2(D) Neither 1 nor 2

149. Consider the following whichcan be found in the ambientatmosphere :1. Soot2. Sulphur hexafluoride3. Water vapourWhich of the above contribute tothe warming up of the atmos-phere ?(A) 1 and 2 only(B) 3 only(C) 2 and 3 only(D) 1, 2 and 3

150. The International DevelopmentAssociation, a lending agency, isadministered by the—(A) International Bank forReconstruction and Develop-ment(B) International Fund forAgricultural Development(C) United Nations Develop-ment Programme(D) United Nations IndustrialDevelopment Organisation

Answers with Hints

PD/July/2010/156

Reasoning

ASSOCIATE BANK OF S.B.I. PROBATIONARY OFFICERS EXAM., 2010

(Held on 7-3-2010)

(Based on Memory)

Solved Paper

1. How many such pairs of lettersare there in the word TRIBUNALeach of which has as many lettersbetween them in the word as inthe English alphabet ?(A) None (B) One(C) Two (D) Three(E) More than three

02. In a certain code DOWN iswritten as ‘5 @ 9 #’ and NAME iswritten as ‘# 6%3’. How isMODE written in that code ?(A) %653 (B) %@63(C) %5@3 (D) %@53(E) None of these

03. How many meaningful Englishwords can be formed with theletters LGEU using each letteronly once in each word ?(A) None (B) One(C) Two (D) Three(E) More than three

04. If ‘R’ denotes ‘–’, ‘Q’ denotes ‘×’,‘W’ denotes ‘÷’ and ‘A’ denotes‘+’, then—

42 W 7 R 8 A 6 Q 4 = ?

(A) – 22 (B) – 168(C) 22 (D) 28(E) None of these

05. In a certain code THRIVES iswritten as SIUHRDU. How isSOULFUL written in that code ?(A) VPTKKTE(B) VPTKETK(C) TPVKKTE(D) TNRKMVG(E) None of these

06. The positions of how many digitsin the number 59164823 willremain unchanged after the digitsare rearranged in descendingorder within the number ?(A) None (B) One(C) Two (D) Three(E) More than three

07. Mohan walked 30 metres towardsSouth, took a left turn andwalked 15 metres. He then took aright turn and walked 20 metres.He again took a right turn andwalked 15 metres. How far is hefrom the starting point ?(A) 95 metre(B) 50 metre(C) 70 metre(D) Cannot be determined(E) None of these

08. What should come next in thefollowing letter series ?P Q R S T A B C D E P Q R S A BC D E P Q R S A B C D P Q(A) R (B) T(C) A (D) B(E) None of these

09. In a certain code language, ‘howcan you go’ is written as ‘ja da kapa’; ‘can you come here’ iswritten as ‘na ka sa ja’ and ‘comeand go’ is written as ‘ra pa sa’.How is ‘here’ written in thatcode language ?(A) ja(B) na(C) pa(D) Data inadequate(E) None of these

10. What should come next in thefollowing letter series based onEnglish alphabet ?

CEA, IKG, OQM, ?(A) STW (B) WUS(C) SWU (D) UWS(E) None of these

Directions—(Q. 11–15) In each ofthe questions below are given fourstatements followed by four conclu-sions numbered I, II, III and IV. Youhave to take the given statements tobe true even if they seem to be atvariance from commonly known facts.Read all the conclusions and thendecide which of the given conclusions

logically follows from the givenstatements disregarding commonlyknown facts.

11. Statements :Some trains are cars.All cars are branches.All branches are nets.Some nets are dresses.

Conclusions :

I. Some dresses are cars.II. Some nets are trains.III. Some branches are trains.IV. Some dresses are trains.

(A) Only I and III follow(B) Only II and III follow(C) Only I and IV follow(D) Only II, III and IV follow(E) None of these

12. Statements :All papers are clips.Some clips are boards.Some boards are lanes.All lanes are roads.

Conclusions :

I. Some roads are boards.II. Some lanes are clipsIII. Some boards are papers.IV. Some roads are clips.

(A) Only I and II follow(B) Only I and III follow(C) Only I, II and III follow(D) Only II , III and IV follow(E) None of these

13. Statements :Some pencils are kites.Some kites are desks.All desks are jungles.All jungles are mountains.Conclusions :I. Some mountains are pencils.II. Some jungles are pencils.III. Some mountains are desks.IV. Some jungles are kites.

PD/July/2010/157

(A) Only I and III follow(B) Only I, II and III follow(C) Only III and IV follow(D) Only II, III and IV follow(E) None of these

14. Statements :All stones are hammers.No hammer is ring.Some rings are doors.All doors are windows.Conclusions :I. Some windows are stones.II. Some windows are ringsIII. No window is stoneIV. Some rings are stones.

(A) Only I follows(B) Only II follows(C) Only III follows(D) Only either I or III follows(E) Only either I or III and IIfollow

15. Statements :All pens are clocks.Some clocks are tyres.Some tyres are wheels.Some wheels are buses.

Conclusions :

I. Some buses are tyres.II. Some wheels are clocks.III. Some wheels are pens.IV. Some buses are clocks.

(A) None follows(B) Only I follows(C) Only II follows(D) Only III follows(E) Only IV follows

Directions—(Q. 16–20) Study thefollowing information carefully andanswer the questions given below :

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and K aresitting around a circle facing thecentre. F is fourth to the right of Awho is third to the right of B. K isfourth to the left of B and third to theright of D. C is third to the right of H.E is second to the left of G.16. Who is to the immediate right of

F ?(A) B(B) G(C) E(D) Data inadequate(E) None of these

17. Who is third to the right of K ?(A) F(B) E(C) G(D) Data inadequate(E) None of these

18. What is E’s position with respectto B ?

(A) Second to the left

(B) Third to the right

(C) Fourth to the right

(D) Third to the left

(E) Fifth to the right

19. Who is fourth to the left of G ?(A) C (B) A(C) D (D) K(E) Data inadequate

20. In which of the following combi-nations is the third person sittingbetween the first and the secondpersons ?(A) GFB (B) BGH(C) ADC (D) KEC(E) EGF

Directions—(Q. 21–25) In thefollowing questions, the symbols δ,@, ©, % and ★ are used with the fol-lowing meaning as illustrated below :

‘P © Q’ means ‘P is not smaller thanQ’

‘P % Q’ means ‘P is neither smallerthan nor equal to Q’

‘P ★ Q’means ‘P is neither greaterthan nor equal to Q’

‘P δ Q’ means ‘P is not greater thanQ’

‘P @ Q’ means ‘P is neither greaterthan nor smaller than Q’

Now in each of the followingquestions assuming the given state-ments to be true, find which of thethree conclusions I, II, III and IVgiven below them is/are definitelytrue and give your answer accord-ingly.

21. Statements :

D δ T, T @ R, R © M, M % K

Conclusions :I. R @ DII. R % DIII. K ★ T

IV. M δ T

(A) Only either I or II is true(B) Only III and IV are true(C) Only either I or II and III aretrue(D) Only either I or II and IV aretrue(E) Only either I or II and IIIand IV are true

22. Statements : J @ F, F δ N, N % H, H © GConclusions :I. G ★ N

II. N © JIII. F ★ J

IV. J δ G(A) Only I and II are true(B) Only I, II and III are true(C) Only II, III and IV are true(D) All I, II, III and IV are true(E) None of these

23. Statements : R ★ K, K % D, D @ V, V δ M

Conclusions :I. R ★ DII. V ★ R

III. D @ MIV. M % D(A) None is true(B) Only III is true(C) Only IV is true(D) Only either III or IV is true(E) Only either III or IV and IIare true

24. Statements : B © T, T ★ R, R % F, F @ K

Conclusions :I. B % RII. F ★ T

III. R % KIV. K ★ T

(A) None is true(B) Only I is true(C) Only II is true(D) Only III is true(E) Only IV is true

25. Statements : F % N, N © W, W δ Y, Y ★ T

Conclusions :I. F % WII. T % NIII. N % YIV. T % W

PD/July/2010/158

(A) Only I and III are true(B) Only I and IV are true(C) Only II and III are true(D) Only I, II and IV are true(E) None of these

Directions—(Q. 26–30) In mak-ing decisions about important ques-tions, it is desirable to be able todistinguish between ‘strong’ argu-ments and ‘weak’ arguments. ‘Strong’arguments are those which are bothimportant and directly related to thequestion. ‘Weak’ arguments are thosewhich are of minor importance andalso may not be directly related to thequestion or may be related to a trivialaspect of the question.

Each question below is followedby three arguments numbered (I), (II)and (III). You have to decide which ofthe arguments is a ‘strong’ argumentand which is a ‘weak’ argument.26. Statement : Should there be

complete ban on setting up ofthermal power plants in India ?Arguments :I. Yes, this is the only way to

arrest further addition toenvironmental pollution.

II. No, there is a huge shortageof electricity in most parts ofthe country and hence gene-ration of electricity needs tobe augmented.

III. No, many developed coun-tries continue to set upthermal power plants intheir countries.

(A) None is strong(B) Only I is strong(C) Only II is strong(D) Only III is strong(E) Only either I or II is strong

27. Statement : Should road repairwork in big cities be carried outonly late at night ?Arguments :I. No, this way the work will

never get completed.II. No, there will be unneces-

sary use of electricity.III. Yes, the commuters will face

lot of problems due to repairwork during the day.

(A) None is strong(B) Only I is strong(C) Only III is strong

(D) Only II and III are strong(E) Only I and II are strong

28. Statement : Should all thedeemed universities be derecog-nized and attached to any of thecentral or state universities inIndia ?

Arguments :

I. Yes, many of these deemeduniversities do not conformto the required standards ofa full-fledged university andhence the level of educationis compromised.

II. No, these deemed univer-sities have been able tointroduce innovative coursessuitable to the requirementof various industries as theyare free from strict Govt.controls.

III. Yes, many such universitiesare basically money spin-ning activites and educationtakes a backseat in theseinstitutions.

(A) Only I and II are strong

(B) Only II and III are strong

(C) Only I and III are strong

(D) All I, II and III are strong

(E) None of these

29. Statement : Should there be a capon drawing groundwater forirrigation purposes in India ?

Arguments :

I. No, irrigation is of primeimportance for food produc-tion in India and it is heavilydependent on groundwaterin many parts of the coun-try.

II. Yes, water tables have gonedown to alarmingly lowlevels in some parts of thecountry where irrigation isprimarily dependent ongroundwater, which maylead to serious environ-mental consequences.

III. Yes, India just cannot affordto draw groundwater anyfurther as the internationalagencies have cautionedIndia against it.

(A) Only I and II are strong

(B) Only II and III are strong

(C) Only I and III are strong

(D) All I, II and III are strong

(E) None of these

30. Statement : Should there be arestriction on the construction ofhigh rise buildings in big cities inIndia ?Arguments :

I. No, big cities in India do nothave adequate open landplots to accommodate thegrowing population.

II. Yes, only the builders anddevelopers benefit from theconstruction of high risebuildings.

III. Yes, the Govt. should firstprovide adequate infrast-ructural facilities to existingbuildings before allowingthe construction of new highrise buildings.

(A) Only II is strong

(B) Only III is strong

(C) Only I and III are strong

(D) Only I is strong

(E) None of these

Directions—(Q. 31–35) In eachquestion below is given a statementfollowed by three assumptions I, IIand III. An assumption is somethingsupposed or taken for granted. Youhave to consider the statement andthe following assumptions anddecide which of the assumptions isimplicit in the statement.

31. Statement : The Govt. hasdecided to auction constructionof highways to private entities inseveral blocks across the countryon build-operate-transfer basis.

Which of the following assump-tion(s) is/are implicit in theabove statement ?I. An adequate number of

private entities may not res-pond to the Government’sauction notification.

II. Many private entities in thecountry are capable of cons-tructing highways withinreasonable time.

III. The Govt.’s proposal ofbuild-operate-transfer mayfinancially benefit theprivate entities.

PD/July/2010/159

(A) Only I and II are implicit(B) Only II and III are implicit(C) Only II is implicit(D) Only I and III are implicit(E) None of these

32. Statement : Govt. has urged allthe citizens to use electronicmedia for carrying out their dailyactivities, whenever possible,instead of using paper as themanufacture of paper requiresthe cutting down of a largenumber of trees causing severedamage to the ecosystem.

Which of the following assump-tion(s) is/are implicit in theabove statement ?

I. Most people may be capableof using electronic media tocarry out various routines.

II. Most people may haveaccess to electronic mediafor carrying out their dailyroutine activites.

III. People at large may rejectthe Govt.’s appeal andcontinue using paper asbefore.

(A) Only I is implicit

(B) Only II is implicit

(C) Only I and II are implicit

(D) Only III is implicit

(E) None of these

33. Statement : The apex bodycontrolling universities in thecountry has decided to revise thesyllabus of all the technicalcourses to make them focussedtowards the present needs ofthe industry thereby makingthe technical graduates moreemployable than they are atpresent.

Which of the following assump-tion(s) is/are implicit in theabove statement ?

I. Technical colleges affiliatedto different universities maynot welcome the apex body’sdecision and may continuewith the same syllabus as atpresent.

II. The industry may welcomethe decision of the apex bodyand scale up their hiringfrom these colleges.

III. The Govt. may not allow theapex body to implement itsdecision in all the colleges asit may lead to chaos.

(A) None is implicit

(B) Only I is implicit

(C) Only II is implicit

(D) Only III is implicit

(E) Only I and II are implicit

34. Statement : Police authoritycordoned off the entire localityfor the entire day and stopped allvehicular movement for the visitof a top functionary of thegovernment in view of the threatperception and advised all theresidents in the area to limit theirmovement outside their dwel-lings.

Which of the following assump-tion(s) is/are implicit in theabove statement ?I. Police personnel may not be

able to control the vehicularmovement in the localityand may seek help from thearmed forces.

II. People living in the localitymay move out of theirhouses for the day to avoidinconvenience.

III. The Govt. functionary mayrequest the police authorityto lift the ban on movementof residents of the localityoutside their dwellings.

(A) None is implicit

(B) Only I is implicit

(C) Only II is implicit

(D) Only III is implicit

(E) Only II and III are implicit

35. Statement : The airlines haverequested all their bonafidepassengers to check the status offlight operations before leavingtheir homes as heavy fog iscausing immense problems tonormal flight operations.

Which of the following assump-tion(s) is/are implicit in theabove statement ?

I. The majority of the airpassengers may check theflight status before startingtheir journey to the airport.

II. The Govt. may take seriousobjection to the notice issuedby the airline company.

III. Majority of the passengersmay cancel their tickets andpostpone their journey tillthe situation becomesnormal.

(A) None is implicit

(B) Only I is implicit

(C) Only II is implicit

(D) Only III is implicit

(E) Only I and III are implicit

Directions—(Q. 36–40) Below isgiven a passage followed by severalpossible inferences which can bedrawn from the facts stated in thepassage. You have to examine eachinference separately in the context ofthe passage and decide upon itsdegree of truth or falsity. Giveanswers—

(A) if the inference is ‘definitelytrue’, i.e., it properly followsfrom the statement of factsgiven.

(B) if the inference is ‘probablytrue’ though not ‘definitelytrue’ in the light of the factsgiven.

(C) If the ‘data are inadequate’,i.e., from the facts given youcannot say whether theinference is likely to be trueor false.

(D) If the inference is ‘probablyfalse’, though not ‘definitelyfalse’ in the light of the factsgiven.

(E) If the inference is ‘definitelyfalse’, i.e., it cannot possiblybe drawn from the factsgiven or it contradicts thegiven facts.

The deterioration in the overallasset quality of banks—gross Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) arereportedly 27% higher at the end ofDecember 2009 than at the end ofDecember 2008—is not surprising.Any slowdown in growth is bound totrigger a rise in NPAs as more andmore companies default on loanrepayments. The effect would bepronounced when the slowdowncoincides with a severe globalrecession. But for the restructuring ofloans permitted by the Central Bank

PD/July/2010/160

on fairly generous terms, NPAswould have been still higher. Prudentbanks that took care while sanction-ing loans and then monitored thepost-sanction disbursement diligentlyshould be able to weather the crisis.But it is one thing to have NPAs risebecause of a cyclical downturn, it isquite another to have NPAs wouldhave been still higher. Prudent banksthat took care while sanctioning loansand then monitored the post-sanctiondisbursement diligently should beable to weather the crisis. But it is onething to have NPAs rise because ofpolicy errors that are entirely withinthe realm of policymakers. And thisis what we need to guard against.Excessively low interest rates skewthe risk-reward equation by makingprojects that are actually not viable,appear viable—till interest ratesreverse and the same projects cease tobe viable ! It is now well establishedthat long periods of unduly lowinterest rates encourage banks to takemore risks. A low interest rate regimedriven by an easy money policyrather than macroeconomic funda-mentals leads to excessive expansionof credit. It incentivizes banks to takeon more risk in search of higherreturns and to misprice risk.

36. Low interest rate on creditreduces the capacity to absorbvarious unaccounted risk factors.

37. Bank’s NPAs occur only due toeconomic factors.

38. The Central Bank always allowsbanks to restructure their loansin the event of rise in NPAs.

39. Lower interest rate cycle projectscommercially unviable projectsas viable.

40. Higher NPAs indicate shortcom-ings in disbursement and follow-up of credit given by banks.

Directions—(Q. 41–45) Study thefollowing information carefully andanswer the questions given below :

Following are the conditions forselecting Senior Manager-GeneralBanking in a bank :

The Candidate must :

(i) have secured at least 60 percent marks in Std. XII.

(ii) have secured at least 55 percent marks in Graduation inany discipline.

(iii) have secured at least 60 percent marks in post-graduatedegree/diploma in Manage-ment/Economics/Statistics.

(iv) be at least 25 years and notbe more than 35 years as on1.3.2010.

(v) have post qualification workexperience of at least 2 yearsas General Banking Officerin a bank.

(vi) have secured at least 50 percent marks in written exami-nation.

(vii) have secured at least 40 percent marks in PersonalInterview.

In the case of a candidate whosatisfies all the above conditionsexcept—

(a) at (iii) above, but has securedat least 60 per cent marks inCA or ICWA, the case is tobe referred to VP-Recruit-ment.

(b) at (vii) above, but havesecured at least 65 per centmarks in the written exami-nation and at least 35 percent marks in the personalinterview, the case is to bereferred to President-Recruit-ment.

In each question below are givendetails of one candidate. You have totake one of the following courses ofactions based on the informationprovided and the conditions and sub-conditions given above and mark thenumber of that course of action asyour answer. You are not to assumeanything other than the informationprovided in each question. All thesecases are given to you as on 1.3.2010.Mark answers—

(A) If the data provided areinadequate to take a decision.

(B) If the case is to be referred toVP-Recruitment.

(C) If the case is to be referred toPresident-Recruitment.

(D) If the candidate is to beselected

(E) If the candidate is not to beselected.

41. Shoan Majhi has secured 65 percent marks in B.Sc. and 70 per

cent marks in M.Sc. Statistics. Hehas been working in a bank asgeneralist officer for the pastthree years after completing hispost-graduation. He has secured55 per cent marks in the writtenexamination and 50 per centmarks in the personal interview.He was born on 8th July 1982.

42. Neeta Jaiswal was born on 2ndJune 1980. She has been workingin a bank as generalist officerfor the past three years aftercompleting her post-graduatedegree in Economics with 60 percent marks. She has secured 68per cent marks in HSC and 58per cent marks in B.Com. She hasalso secured 50 per cent marks inboth the wirtten examination andpersonal interview.

43. Arindam Ghosh has been work-ing in a bank as generalist officerfor the past four years aftercompleting his post-graduatediploma in management with 60per cent marks. He has secured50 per cent marks in the writtenexamination and 40 per centmarks in the personal interview.He has also secured 70 per centmarks in Std. XII. He was bornon 25th February, 1975.

44. Kesav Vora was born on 8thNovember 1978. He has secured65 per cent marks in Std. XII and60 per cent marks in graduation.He has secured 58 per cent marksin M.A. Economics and 60 percent marks in ICWA. He hasbeen working in a bank asgeneralist officer for the past twoyears after completing hiseducation. He has also secured50 per cent marks in the writtenexamination and 45 per centmarks in personal interview.

45. Neha Salve has been working ina bank as generalist officer forthe past four years after complet-ing her post-graduate degree inEconomics with 60 per centmarks. She has secured 60 percent marks in both graduationand Std. XII. She was born on24th August, 1979. She hassecured 70 per cent marks in thewritten examination and 38 percent marks in the personal inter-view.

PD/July/2010/161

Directions—(Q. 46–50) In each of these questions there are two sets offigures. The figures on the left are Problem Figures (four figures and onequestion-marked space) and those on the right are Answer Figures indicatedby letter (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E). A series is established if one of the fiveAnswer Figures in placed at the ‘question-marked space’. Question Figuresform a series if they change from left to right according to some rule. Theletter of the Answer Figure which should be placed in the question-markedspace is the answer. All the five figures i.e., four Problem Figures and oneAnswer Figure placed in the question-marked space should be considered asforming the series.

Study the following question.

Problem Figures Answer Figures

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

?

If we place the Answer Figure (D) in the question marked space itmakes a series which indicates that one vertical line is added in each figure.So the answer is ‘(D)’. Note that if we go by only one aspect of ‘number oflines’, Answer Figure (C) may also fit in. So you have to consider all differentaspects.

Now solve the following questions.

Problem Figures Answer Figures

46.

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

?

47.

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

?

48.

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

?

49.

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

?

50.

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

?=

5

3

Z =

U

3

Z

=

U

6 U

6 =

U3

Z =

U

36

=

U6

Z =

U

6Z = U

6

Z

Answers with Hints

PD/July/2010/163

Quantitative Aptitude

CORPORATION BANK PROBATIONARY OFFICERS EXAM., 2009

(Held on 22-11-2009)

(Based on Memory)

Solved Paper

Directions—(Q. 1–5) Whatshould come in the place of questionmark (?) in the following questions ?

01. 1 14 + 1

59 × 1

58 ÷ 6

12 = ?

(A) 17 (B) 27(C) 42 (D) 18

(E) 1 2336

02. If 289 = 17x1/5, then x = ?

(A) 16 (B) 8

(C) 32 (D) 25

(E) None of these

03. 0·01 × 0·1 – 0·001 ÷ 10 + 0·01 = ?(A) 0·01009 (B) 0·0101(C) 0·19 (D) 0·109(E) 0·0109

04. If x% of 500 = y% of 300 and x%of y% of 200 = 60, then x = ?

(A) 10 2 (B) 20 2(C) 15 2 (D) 30 2

(E) None of these

05. 16 × 329 × 27 × 81

= ?

(A) ( )23

12(B) ( )2

311

(C) ( )23

13(D) ( )2

39

(E) None of these

Directions—(Q. 6–10) Whatapproximate value should come inplace of question mark (?) in thefollowing questions ?

(Note : You are not expected tocalculate the exact value.)

06. 23·999 × 9·004 × 16·997 = ?(A) 3200 (B) 4100(C) 2700 (D) 3700(E) 4500

07. 5 79 × 8

45 × 9

23 = ?

(A) 490 (B) 590(C) 540 (D) 460(E) 520

08. 5940 ÷ 28 ÷ 6 = ?(A) 40 (B) 35(C) 46 (D) 52(E) 27

09. 15·5% of 850 + 24·8% of 650 = ?(A) 295 (B) 330(C) 270 (D) 375(E) 220

10. 22230 = ?

(A) 54 (B) 59(C) 41 (D) 37(E) 47

Directions—(Q. 11 and 12) In thefollowing number series only one iswrong. Find out the wrong number.

11. 8, 11, 17, 47, 128, 371, 1100(A) 11 (B) 47(C) 17 (D) 371(E) 128

12. 1, 5, 13, 31, 61, 125, 253(A) 1 (B) 5(C) 31 (D) 61(E) 125

13. Aman’s expense is 30% morethan Vimal’s expense and Vimal’sexpense is 10% less than Raman’sexpense. If the sum of theirexpenses is Rs. 6,447, then whatwould be the Aman’s expense ?(A) Rs. 2,200 (B) Rs. 2,457(C) Rs. 1,890 (D) Rs. 2,100(E) None of these

14. In a test, a candidate secured 336marks out of maximum marks‘x’. If the maximum marks ‘x’were converted into 400 marks,he would have secured 192marks. What were the maximummarks of the test ?(A) 700 (B) 750(C) 500 (D) 650(E) 800

15. An AC consumes 8 units ofelectricity in 30 minutes and abulb consumes 18 units of electri-

city in 6 hours. How much totalunit of electricity will both ACand bulb consume in 8 days ifthey run 10 hours a day ?(A) 1280 units (B) 1528 units(C) 1248 units (D) 1520 units(E) 1620 units

16. What amount a man would havereceived on a principal ofRs. 4,000 after two years simpleinterest @ 5 p.c.p.a. ?(A) Rs. 4,161 (B) Rs. 5,200(C) Rs. 4,400 (D) Rs. 4,100(E) Rs. 4,190

17. Four years ago Shyam’s age was34 times that of Ram. Four years

hence, Shyam’s age will be 56

times that of Ram. What is thepresent age of Shyam ?(A) 15 years (B) 20 years(C) 16 years (D) 24 years(E) 8 years

18. The average marks in Sciencesubject of a class of 20 students is68. If the marks of two studentswere misread as 48 and 65 of theactual marks 72 and 6 respec-tively, then what would be thecorrect average ?(A) 68·5 (B) 69(C) 69·5 (D) 70(E) 66

19. A school team has eight volley-ball players. A five-member teamand a captain will be selected outof these eight players. How manydifferent selections can be made ?(A) 224 (B) 112(C) 56 (D) 88(E) None of these

20. A bus started its journey fromRamgarh and reached Devgarhin 44 minutes with its averagespeed of 50 km/hour. If theaverage speed of the bus isincreased by 5 km/hour, howmuch time will it take to coverthe same distance ?

PD/July/2010/164

(A) 40 minutes (B) 38 minutes(C) 36 minutes (D) 31 minutes(E) 49 minutes

Directions—(Q. 21–25) In thefollowing questions two equationsnumbered I and II are given. You haveto solve both the equations and……

Give answer If

(A) x > y

(B) x ≥ y

(C) x < y

(D) x ≤ y

(E) x = y or the relationshipcannnot be established

21. I. x2 – 1 = 0

II. y2 + 4y + 3 = 0

22. I. x2 – 7x + 12 = 0

II. y2 – 12y + 32 = 0

23. I. x3 – 371 = 629II. y3 – 543 = 788

24. I. 5x + 2y = 31II. 3x + 7y = 36

25. I. 2x2 + 11x + 12 = 0II. 5y2 + 27y + 10 = 0

Directions—(Q. 26–30) Study theinformation carefully to answer thequestions that follows.

In an annual function, 504 child-ren participated. The ratio of numberof girls to the number of boys is 5 : 3respectively. Out of the total girls,20% participated in dance andremaining girls participated in solosong, group song and drama in theratio of 2 : 3 : 4 respectively. Two-third of the total boys participated ingroup song and remaining boysparticipated in solo song and dancein the ratio 4 : 5 respectively.

26. What is the approximate per-centage of the boys who haveparticipated in dance out of thetotal number of boys ?

(A) 19% (B) 23%

(C) 16% (D) 27%

(E) 14%

27. What is the approximate per-centage of the girls participatedin solo song out of all the totalparticipants ?(A) 11% (B) 15%(C) 6% (D) 20%(E) 18%

28. What is the total number of girlswho have participated in groupsong and drama together ?

(A) 192 (B) 196

(C) 184 (D) 168

(E) 175

29. What is the ratio betweennumber of boys to the number ofgirls respectively who haveparticipated in solo song ?

(A) 1 : 2 (B) 2 : 1

(C) 4 : 3 (D) 3 : 2

(E) None of these

30. What is the difference betweenthe number of boys and girlswho have participated in dance ?

(A) 63 (B) 35

(C) 28 (D) 126

(E) None of these

31. The sum of four consecutiveeven numbers is 284. Whatwould be the smallest number ?

(A) 72 (B) 74

(C) 68 (D) 66

(E) 70

32. If (a – b)2 – (a + b)2

– 4a = xy

On simplifying the above men-tioned equation, what will be theequation ?

(A) xy = b (B) bx = y

(C) by = x (D) ab = x

(E) ay = x

33. 14 of 35 of 65 of a number = 54.

What is the number ?

(A) 280 (B) 250

(C) 300 (D) 150

(E) 160

34. The average age of the family offive members is 24. If the presentage of youngest member is 8years, then what was the averageage of the family at the time ofthe birth of the youngest mem-ber ?

(A) 20 years (B) 16 years

(C) 12 years (D) 18 years

(E) 21 years

35. A candidate appearing for anexamination has to secure 35%marks to pass. But he secured

only 40 marks and failed by 30marks. What would be themaximum marks of test ?(A) 280 (B) 180(C) 200 (D) 150(E) 210

36. The length of a rectangular flooris twice its breadth. If Rs. 256 isrequired to paint the floor at therate of Rs. 2 per square metres,then what would be the length offloor ?(A) 16 metre (B) 8 metre(C) 12 metre (D) 32 metre(E) 20 metre

37. Angle ‘A’ of the quadrilateralABCD is 26° less than angle B.Angle B is twice angle C andangle C is 10° more than theangle D. What would be themeasure of angle A ?

(A) 104° (B) 126°(C) 56° (D) 132°(E) 106°

38. A number when subtracted by 17of itself gives the same value asthe sum of all the angles of atriangle. What is the number ?

(A) 224 (B) 210

(C) 140 (D) 350

(E) 187

39. A man walked at a speed of 4km/hr from point A to B andcame back from point B to A atthe speed of 6 km/hr. Whatwould be the ratio between thetime taken by man in walkingfrom point A to B to point B to Arespectively ?

(A) 5 : 3 (B) 2 : 3

(C) 2 : 1 (D) 4 : 3

(E) 3 : 2

40. In every 30 minutes the time of awatch increases by 3 minutes.After setting the correct time at 5a.m., what time will the watchshow after 6 hours ?(A) 10:54 a.m (B) 11:30 a.m(C) 11:36 a.m (D) 11:42 a.m(E) 11:38 p.m

Directions—(Q. 41–45) Study thefollowing profile of Parliament care-fully and answer the questions givenbelow it.

PD/July/2010/165

Profile of Parliament in Year XXXXTotal members in Parliament = 640

(490 from Lok Sabha and 150 fromRajya Sabha)

Lok Sabha(No. of

Members)

Party Rajya Sabha(No. of

Members)

280 A 90180 B 4530 Others 15

490 Total 150SEX

435 Males 12055 Females 30

RELIGION

348 Hindus 8542 Muslims 2075 Sikhs 3525 Christians 10

PROFESSION

300 Graduates 5045 Business-

men19

60 Educators 1185 Unknown 70

41. What is the approximate per-centage of the Muslim membersin Lok Sabha ?(A) 9% (B) 11%(C) 13% (D) 14%(E) 7%

42. In Rajya Sabha if 30 malemembers were replaced by 30female members, then what isthe ratio of male members tofemale members respectively ?(A) 3 : 1 (B) 3 : 2(C) 1 : 3 (D) 2 : 3(E) 2 : 1

43. What percentage of members inParliament are businessmen ?(A) 8% (B) 20%(C) 30% (D) 18%(E) 10%

44. If all the ‘others’ party membersof Lok Sabha join party ‘B’ thenwhat would be the ratio betweenmembers of party ‘A’ to themembers of party ‘B’ respec-tively ?(A) 3 : 2 (B) 6 : 5(C) 4 : 3 (D) 7 : 6(E) 4 : 5

45. Out of total members of party ‘B’in Parliament, what percentageof the members belong to RajyaSabha ?(A) 30% (B) 35%(C) 25% (D) 20%(E) 15%

Directions—(Q. 46–50) Study thefollowing pie-charts carefully andanswer the questions below it.

The entire fund that school getsfrom different sources is equal

to Rs. 500 lakhs

35%

5%

15%NGO

,s

45%

Donation

Internal Source

Govt. Agencies

Sources of Funds in School

20%

35%

15%30%

School Maintenance

Reserved

Scholar-ship

Payment

Uses of Funds by School

46. What is the difference betweenthe funds acquired by schoolfrom NGO’s and internalsources ?(A) Rs. 50 lakhs(B) Rs. 45 lakhs(C) Rs. 75 lakhs(D) Rs. 25 lakhs(E) None of these

47. If the school managed ‘schoolmaintenance’ from the ‘govern-ment agencies’ fund only, thenhow much fund from govern-ment agencies would still left forother use ?(A) Rs. 120 lakhs(B) Rs. 150 lakhs(C) Rs. 110 lakhs(D) Rs. 95 lakhs(E) None of these

48. If scholarship has to be paid outof the donation fund, then whatis the approximate per cent ofdonation fund used for this pur-pose ?(A) 43% (B) 53%(C) 37% (D) 47%(E) 32%

49. What is the total amount used bythe school for payment ?

(A) Rs. 100 lakhs(B) Rs. 110 lakhs(C) Rs. 150 lakhs(D) Rs. 140 lakhs(E) None of these

50. What amount of the fund isacquired by the school fromgovernment agencies ?(A) Rs. 220 lakhs(B) Rs. 310 lakhs(C) Rs. 255 lakhs(D) Rs. 225 lakhs(E) None of these

Answers with Hints

PD/July/2010/168

Essay Contest

Independence of Indian Judiciary—Naveen Shekhar

IntroductionThe governance of any country

requires the making of laws, theirexecution and interpretation which iscarried out by its three organs—thelegislature, executive and the judi -

Naveen Shekhar

ciary respectively.A judiciary, aka therule—adjudicationdepartment of thegovernment, that isindependent of andacting as a check onthe arbitrary exe-rcise of legislativeand executive power is an essentialfeature of a constitutional govern-ment. The judiciary settles disputesand interprets laws and the consti-tution. It protects individual’s rights,and is the guardian of laws and theconstitution. It has also got the powerof judicial review which has led tojudicial activism in recent times. Allthis requires it to be independent andimpartial.

With the advent of the Britishrule in India, judicial system on thebasis of Anglo-Saxon jurisprudencewas introduced in India. The RoyalCharter of the Charles II (1661), theRegulating Act (1773), the IndianHigh Courts Act of 1861 and the Actof 1935—all proved as milestones inthe evolution of modern judicialsystem in India. The Supreme Courtof India, the first fully independentCourt for the country, was first set upunder the 1950 Constitution. TheConstitution also set up an integratedhierarchy of courts for a moreparliamentary federal system com-pared to the Government of IndiaAct, 1935. Thus, presently the entirejudicature has been divided into threetiers. At the top there is a SupremeCourt, below it is the High Court inthe states and at the lowest positionwe get session courts.

Independence of the JudiciaryJudicial independence is the

principle that the judiciary should bepolitically shielded from the legisla-

tive and the executive power. It is thebasic requisite for ensuring a free andfair society under the rule of law. Theimportance of the independence ofthe judiciary was long ago realised bythe framers of our Constitution. TheConstitution Assembly pondered atgreat length over the issue ofindependence of judiciary as well asscope of judicial review. It was feltthat if the institution of the judiciarywas to remain strong, it must be freefrom coercion and political influence.Dr. Ambedkar had opined, “Therecan be no difference of opinion in theHouse that our judiciary must beboth independent of the executiveand must also be competent in itself.And the question is how these twoobjects can be secured……”

Why the need ?—The indepen-dence of the judiciary can be under-stood as the independence of theinstitution of the judiciary and alsothe independence of the judges whoform a part of the judiciary. The basicneed for the judicial independencerests upon some cardinal points.Justice H. R. Khanna once said,“When the light of law fails, judgesare supposed to have some specialvision like the third eye of Shiva…….They must solve enigmas that noother agency of the government hasbeen able to solve……” Thus, judi-ciary acts as a watchdog by ensuringthat all the organs of the statefunction within their respective areasand as per the provisions of theconstitution. Secondly, judiciary isgiven the job to interpret the Consti-tution as per the Constitutionalphilosophy and norms. So it must beindependent and self-competent forinterpretation in such a way as toclear the ambiguity. Moreover, thejudiciary is expected to deliver judicialjustice, instead of partial or com-mitted justice (i.e., without consider-ing all aspects concomitant of a parti-cular situation). That is why, it mustact in an unbiased manner.

Constitutional Provisions forEnsuring Judicial Indepen-dence

The framers of the Indian Consti-tution gave great deal of thought tosuch issues as the independence ofthe courts and judicial review.Various provisions make it amplyclear that the judiciary is beyondexecutive or legislative interference.

Sir Gerald Brennan once noted,“judicial independence is at riskwhen future appointment or securityof tenure is within the gift of theExecutive.” This type of concern isclearly nullified in one importantConstitution a provision where thejudges of the Supreme Court andHigh Courts have been given thesecurity of the tenure. Once appoin-ted, they continue to hold the post tillthey reach the retirement age whichis 65 years in the case of the SupremeCourt Judges (Article 124(2)) and 62years in the case of those of the HighCourts (Article 217(1)). They can’t beremoved during their tenure excepton proved misbehaviour or incapa-city. The procedure for removal isvery difficult. The motion has to bepassed by 2/3rd majority of both thehouses of Parliament. Besides, thesalaries and allowance of the judgesare charged on the Consolidated Fundand are not subject to the vote oflegislature. Also, Parliament can onlyadd to the powers and jurisdiction ofthe Supreme Court but can’t curtailthem. Both the Supreme Court andthe High Courts have the power topunish any person for their contempt(Articles 129 and 215) as well. Article211 restricts any type of discussion onconduct of judges in legislatures. Inaddition. Article 50 clearly providesfor separation of the judiciary fromthe executive.

One predominant aspect is thepower of ‘judicial review.’ In thewords of Ferguson and McHenry,“Judicial review is the power of acourt to hold unconstitutional anylaw or official action that it deems to

PD/July/2010/169

be in conflict with the basic law, orthe Constitution.” The power todeclare a law or an executive actioninvalid and ultra vires of theConstitution originated in the US in1803 in Marbury vs. Madison case.The Supreme Court of Indiafrequently exercises this power. Lawswhich violate the Constitution arewholly or partially declared void orunconstitutional by the judiciaryowing to the fact that there’s a clearmention of judicial review in Article13. One of the limits on judicialreview has been the principle oflocus standi, where only a personaggrieved shall have the right tomove the court. However, in 1982, theSupreme Court in a judgement on thedemocratic rights of constructionworkers of the Asian Games grantedthe right of ‘Public Interest Litigation’(PIL). Till date, the courts on severaloccasions have issued directions inPILs covering a wide spectrum suchas pollution, road safety, illegal struc-tures in VIP zones and what not.

Controversies and JudicialAccountability

Although every possible effortwas made by the framers of ourConstitution to ensure the indepen-dence and incorruptible functioningof judiciary, controversies have crop-ped up now and then. Controversiesare generally related to the appoint-ment of judges, court’s power to VetoLegislative and executive acts, andthe limits of judicial activisim. Forinstance, till the seventies, there wasan unbroken convention of appoint-ing the seniormost judge of theSupreme Court as the CJI, since theConstitution is silent on procedurefor the CJI appointment. In 1973,when Justice A. N. Ray was appoin-ted as the CJI superseding three othersenior judges, the government wasblamed for interfering with theindependence of judiciary. Similarcontroversies erupted in 1977 and1978 also regarding the appointmentof Justice Khanna and JusticeChandrachud respectively. Therefore,many have suggested that theappointment of the CJI should befinalised through a due processwhere sitting judges recommend aname, after forming a committees tothe executive authority therebyending political interference.

As an aside, whenever there is amention of judicial independence,there’s always a concern about itslatent dangers and there arises theimportance of judicial accountability.In 1993, a case against Justice Rama-swamy of the Supreme Court wasinvestigated for financial impro-prieties during his tenure as chiefjustice of Punjab and Haryana HighCourt. The matter was heard byParliament and it came close to a votefor impeachment when the then PMissued a party whip and gave anassurance of resignation of the judgein case the proceedings dropped. But,it didn’t happen and the judgecompleted his term. In recent times,some cases of judicial misconducthave been raised against Justice H. M.Punchhi and Justice Dinakaranamong others. Hence we need a morestandardized and stringent processfor judicial impeachment of taintedjudges.

ConclusionThe independence of Judiciary is

one of the most important pillars onwhich democracy lies. The IndianSupreme Court enjoys wider powersthan even its US counterpart whichdoesn’t deal with appeals in civil andcriminal cases except the constitu-tional ones. The Indian SupremeCourt has advisory functions alsowhich the American doesn’t have. Ontop of it, the Supreme Court of Indiais a court of record. On the darkerside, the lower judiciary in India isextremely corrupt. Instances ofcorruption in higher judiciary havealso been becoming rather frequent.Judicial activism in its overuse candegenerate into politicization andcorruption of the judiciary. Thereforejudicial accountability and judicialindependence have to work in tandemto serve the real purpose, because it isresponsibility which automaticallycomes with independence. P.Darpan

Test Your Knowledge

Answers with Hints

P.Darpan

PD/July/2010/170

Graduation should be the Minimum Educational Qualifi- cation for Members of Parliament and State Legislatures

Debate Contest

In Favour—Madhumita Choudhuri

Look at an advertisement for ajob given in a newspaper and you will

MadhumitaChoudhuri

find written in boldletters ‘essentialqualifications oreligibility criteria’.Depending on therequirement of thejob, applicationsare invited fromgraduates or postgraduates or other degree andcertificate holders. In fact graduationis the minimum qualification forsecuring any respectable job in thecountry. If merit forms the criteria forselection in every field why shouldMPs and MLAs be exempted fromthe requirement of possessing mini-mum educational qualifications. Istheir job less important or is theirtask a simple one which does notrequire skill and capability ? Mem-bers of Parliament and state legisla-ture are responsible for framing laws,representing their respective consti-tuencies, criticising or approvinggovernment decisions, reviewinggovernment policies, discussing anddebating issues of national and inter-national importance. Such responsi-bilities can be discharged by capablemen and women. Education deter-mines the capacity and ability of aperson.

Today it seems that anybody andeverybody can become a member ofParliament or state legislature. In factif you are eligible for nothing else youare still eligible to become a MP orMLA as you are not required to beeven a graduate to contest in anelection. If you are in the good booksof your political bosses or are one oftheir relatives you can easily contestelections. It is true that in a demo-cracy the people decide the fate of acandidate. If the member does notserve his/her constituency, he or shemay be voted out in the next elec-

tions. But this may not always betrue. In a country where poor votersare lured by money, frightened bymuscle power, where candidatesappeal for votes in the name ofreligion, caste and creed, it is possiblethat incapable and inefficient candi-dates may be re-elected in subsequentelections. If graduation is made theminimum qualification then onlyserious, dedicated and committedmen and women will become MPsand MLAs. They will be elected fromamongst educated, qualified youthwho have chosen to serve the countryrather than take up jobs as engineers,doctors and scientists.

In a country such as ours whichfaces numerous challenges such ashunger, poverty, unemploymentilliteracy it becomes even moreimportant that we elect deservingcandidates as members of Parliamentand State Legislature. Introduction ofthe graduation criterion does notundermine the right of the voter inany way. In fact the electorate will bepresented with a better choice ofcandidates who have the potentialand ability to be elected as represen-tatives. Thereafter the candidates willultimately be judged by the votersthemselves.

Look at the spectacle that thecountry gets to witness every time theParliament is in session. Membersdisplaying bags of money, tearingaway bills, shouting slogans, disrup-ting the proceedings of the house,sometimes they have to be thrownout at the orders of the presidingofficer. And then some TV channelshows some MP/MLA hurling abusesor kicking someone. Is this kind ofundignified behaviour expected fromour honourable MPs and MLAs. IfMPs and MLAs are elected fromamongst the graduates of the countrythe situation is likely to improve. I amnot alleging that uneducated or lesseducated persons cannot conductthemselves properly but simply thateducation teaches one to be humble

and respectful even when one hasacquired position, power andinfluence.

Is it not necessary that membersof the Parliament and state legisla-tures be aware of basic facts about thehistory, geography, economy, societyand culture of the nation. If they areignorant about relevant facts such asthose which can be found in schooltext books how can we expect them toframe laws and policies for a nationas vast and with such diversities asours. Is it sufficient to know one’sown constituency ? But the Parlia-ment and state legislature legislateson subjects pertaining to the wholenation or the whole state. A thoroughknowledge about the nation and itspeople is a must. A graduate memberis likely to be more well-read andwell-informed. At least he or she is ina better position and more capable ofunderstanding issues of national andinternational importance. I am sureall of you will agree that educationnot only enhances knowledge but aperson’s level of understanding aswell. Here I will cite an instance fromthe civil nuclear deal discussion inthe Parliament the year before last. Amedia channel asked some MPsoutside the Parliament to give the fullform for NSG (Nuclear SuppliersGroup). Few of them could answer.In fact one of them said, ‘NationalSecurity Guards’ ! This kind ofignorance is expected from a laymanbut not from MPs and MLAs who aresupposed to discuss and debate suchissues.

Today the general perception isthat politics is a dirty business andeducated youth prefer to stay awayfrom it. Introducing the graduationcriterion will encourage more educa-ted youths to join politics and contestelections. This would be very healthyfor our democracy.

We must remember that minis-ters who manage important port-folios are appointed from amongst

PD/July/2010/171

members of the party with a majorityin the Parliament. The Prime Ministeris the head of this council of minis-ters. Now consider that the PMand other ministers are not evengraduates. I am not talking aboutthe symbolic aspect of having anundergraduate PM. But will suchpersons have the capacity, skills,knowledge and understanding forleading the nation. Will they becompetent enough ? Governing sucha vast country as ours is no trivialtask. I do not believe that an under-graduate can possess the skills andknowledge to lead the country. Somemay say that the bureaucrats areenough educated to look into thedetails of plans, policies and pro-grammes so we can afford to haveundergraduate MPs and MLAs. Thisis a lame excuse as the bureaucracy issupposed to work under the ableleadership of the government and notthe other way round.

Corruption is rampant in oursociety. It is prevalent amongsteducated as well as less educatedsections. If graduation is madecompulsory for MPs and MLAs thensuch men and women will contestelections who have given up highlypaid jobs as doctors and engineers tobecome public representatives. Oneexpects them to be less greedy formoney. We also have a number ofMPs and MLAs with criminal casesagainst them. Though we have bothgraduate and undergraduate MPsand MLAs falling into this category,the percentage is higher amongstundergraduates. Thus some of ourcriminal MPs and MLAs are likely tolose their seats if the criterion ofgraduation is introduced.

Education also teaches a personto be broad-minded, liberal andtolerant. Sometimes our MPs andMLAs display a narrow mindedatitude. A public representative oughtto be a tolerant, liberal and pro-gressive thinker.

Conclusion

Education is not the luxury of therich but is the necessity of everyindividual. In the 15th Lok Sabhaabout 42 per cent women MPs and 46per cent male MPs have a graduatedegree. 32 per cent of women MPshave a post-graduate degree and 30

per cent male MPs possess the same.This implies that about one fourth ofour MPs are undergraduates. We canensure that every single member ofthe Parliament and state legislaturehas a graduate degree by makinggraduation the minimum educationalqualification for a MP and MLA. Wemay not be able to overcome allshort-comings of the existing systembut the graduation criterion will resultin improvement of the standard ofadministration and governance in thecountry.

Against

—Mohd. Zia Ullah

India is world’s largest demo-cracy and people of this country sendtheir selected representatives throughelections in Parliament at national

Mohd. Zia Ullah

level and StateLegislatures at statelevel. In the 63 yearsof Indian Indepen-dence our polityhas changed signifi-cantly and so arethe members. Tobecome a member of Parliament orState Legislatures there are fewconditions which are needed to befulfilled by the candidates like age,nationality, rationality, etc.

There is an argument from lot ofpeople that graduation should be theminimum educational qualification tobecome member of Parliament orState Legislatures, but would this beright ? 70 per cent of our populationlives in villages and most people inrural areas are dependent onagriculture to earn their livelihood.Unfortunately most of them aredevoid of even primary education letalone expecting them to be graduates.Can we deny farmers of our countrywho are feeding millions of peoplethe right to represent their people inParliament and State Legislatures justbecause they are not graduates.

One does not need to be agraduate to understand the issuesand problems of people or to beaware of what should be done fordevelopment and most importantlyone does not need to be a graduate tobe an honest person having goodcharacter.

There are so many reasonsbecause of which it would neither bewise nor just to make graduationminimum qualification in order tobecome member of Parliament orState Legislature.

● When people of India havealready got the power to selecttheir representatives based oncertain attributes they possess,the argument to make gradua-tion as minimum qualification tobecome member of Parliamentand State Legislature ceases toexist. People do have the free-dom to reject or approve anycandidate based on their educa-tional qualification. It would beunjust if we take this power fromthem which is their constit-utional right. Just think of asituation where every candidatefighting an election is a graduatebut involved in corruption or hasa criminal background. Wouldthis be a right option ? Certainlynot.

● Literacy rate of our country is64·8 per cent with males having75·2 per cent and females laggingfar behind at 53·7 per cent.People who advocate for gradua-tion to be minimum educationalqualification should realize thatwe cannot deny such a hugepopulation the right to representtheir people when they are noteven literate, let alone the ques-tion of people being graduates.

● We all have witnessed whateverhappened in Uttar Pradeshassembly when microphones,chairs, stationery and anythingand everything that was foundwas thrown by our respectedMLAs. It was indeed a shameand it degraded the honour andprestige of our Legislature. Werethe people involved in thisshameful incident having lessqualification than graduation ?

● It is indeed a matter of concernthat our polity is touching newlows day-by-day and so are themembers of Parliament and StateLegislatures. In order to get votesparties and its members playdivisive politics based on sensi-tive issues like caste, religion,region, language, gender, etc.

PD/July/2010/172

rather than issues of develop-ment, health, education. It isextremely unfortunate and ratherstrange that even memberspossessing good qualificationslike that of being a graduate havenot been able to deliver what hasbeen expected from them. Insuch a situation it would bewrong and immature to expectsomething good by merely mak-ing graduation as a minimumeducational qualification.

● Being a graduate does not tellanything about the character,social commitment or honesty ofany person and it would bewrong to set a criterion forselection which cannot ensurethat members would be honest,socially committed and havegood character. Nobody canguarantee that members whoare graduates would not getinvolved in corruption, dirtypolitics, money and musclepower game.

● It is important for us to under-stand and appreciate the fact thateven people who are graduateshave got a very limited know-ledge of few subjects which theyhave studied. Leaving the intri-cacies of subjects one does notneed to be an economist tounderstand demand and supply,one does not need to be anenvironmentalist to understandthe importance of clean and greensurroundings, one does not needto be an expert academician tounderstand that quality educa-tion should be provided to everychild and so on.

● Women of our country have notbeen able to get their rightfulshare in Parliament and StateLegislatures. With literacy rate ofwomen being a dismal 53·7 percent how can one expect them toget their rightful share if gradua-tion is made the minimum educa-tional qualification. A criterionwhich denies millions of womenthe right to represent theirpeople is not only unjust butundemocratic.

● India is a developing nation butwith a per capita income ofRs. 40,745 equivalent to $ 885 itcan still be termed as an under-

developed nation. Certainly acountry where 30 per cent oftotal population are living belowpoverty line how can one evenimagine about making gradua-tion as minimum qualification inParliament and State Legisla-tures. There is a high percentageof people who inspite of livingabove the poverty line do notpossess graduation as minimumeducational qualification. In sucha situation it would be graveinjustice to millions of peopleto deny them their right torepresent people in Parliamentand State Legislatures.

● Over the years we have wit-nessed increase in corruption atthe highest levels. Recently therewas a case of ‘Cash For Vote’ inwhich few MPs came into theParliament with bags full ofIndian currency estimated incrores. What one can say to this ?It lowered the dignity of ourParliament and moreover thepeople of this nation. They couldhave easily gone to the chairper-son of Lok Sabha and informedher but that was not the case. Didit happen because these MPswere not graduates ? Certainlynot, it was a brazen show of dirtypolitics played in our country.One must understand andappreciate the fact that graduatesand non-graduates both have gotsimilar limitations, temptationsbeing humans and by merelymaking graduation as minimumeducational qualification wecannot ensure clean and healthypolitics in our country.

● Just take the example of hugetribal population in India whoare not even getting basicamenities of life let alone toexpect them to be graduateswhen they even do not get basicprimary education. Can we denythem the right to represent theirpeople and address their issues,or we should ask some MadhuKoda or Shibu Soren to representthem. If this happens it would bean insult to the democratic setupof our country which gives everyIndian the right to representpeople in Parliament and StateLegislatures.

Conclusion

Members of Parliament and StateLegislature are representatives ofpeople of India and if at alleducational qualification of membersis a concern it should be left to thepeople of India who have got theright to choose their representatives.It would be inappropriate to think ofmaking graduation as minimumqualification when we are well awarewith the level of education in oursociety and disparities in educationallevels of urban and rural India.

Today there is a need to makepeople realize that we need honestpeople with good social and politicalcharacter as members of Parliamentand State Legislatures, those whoreally care for general masses andaddress their grieviences and issues.We need to ensure that people whothrust their way into Parliament andState Legislatures using ‘Money andMuscle’ power are isolated. If at allanything needs to be done then itshould be ensured that people havingcriminal background are kept awayfrom Parliament and State Legisla-tures. People involved in corruptionshould be barred from contestingelections by making strict laws.People having more than one spouseor more than two children should notbe allowed to contest elections.Instead of addressing these concernswe cannot restrict millions ofpeople from becoming members ofParliament and State Legislaturesbased on educational qualificationand give a free path to the so called‘Intellectuals of our country.’ P.Darpan

Topic : Independence of IndianJudiciary

Essay Competition

WinnersFirst Prize Winner

Second Prize Winner

Third Prize Winner

Niharita SrivastavaD/o Dr. R. C. SrivastavaKanpurUttar Pradesh

Concentric Quiz(Union Territories Special)

First Prize Winner

Roopal NamdevBhopalM. P.–462 003

Kanchan PandeyHaridwarUttarakhand–247 667

Debate Competition

Topic : Graduation should be theMinimum Educational Qualificationfor Members of Parliament and StateLegislatures

For the Topic

Achintya BanikC/o Dr. Sukanta GhatakKolkataWest Bengal–700 037

Answers

RESULTS

Madhumita ChoudhuriC/o Pradip Kanti ChoudhuriKolkataWest Bengal–700 051

Second Prize Winner

Quiz Contest

Third Prize Winner

Winners

Neha JindalD/o Sri Kapur Chand JindalBathindaPunjab

PD/July/2010/173

Against the Topic

Harshita MittalD/o Sri S. P. MittalAjmerRajasthan–305 001

Hints

Naveen ShekharS/o Sri A. K. Roy‘At Millennium Sweet Hut’Mahadeva, SiwanBihar–841 226

Mohd. Zia Ullah415/357, ShahganjAllahabadUttar Pradesh–211 003

Continued from Page 20

that both sides have agreed to holdthe visit on November 7–10, just afterthe conclusion of the Congressionalelections in the United States.

Now that a set of dates is on thetable, preparations have alreadybegun with November 8 being plan-ned as the day for official meetings. Itis expected that Obama’s family willbe accompanying him.

Prime Minister Manmohan Singhhad invited Obama to visit India inhis first congratulatory telephonicconversation on November 12, 2008after the latter won the historicelection. He reaffirmed the invitationin his letter to Obama once heformally assumed office in January,2009.

Subsequently, on his visit toWashington as the first state guest ofthe Obama presidency last Novem-ber, Singh announced that a “verywarm welcome awaits him and hisfamily in India.” Obama accepted theinvitation and said he would bevisiting India soon. Since then, thepositive intent on both sides hadsparked off speculation over dates asthe White House tried to find aconvenient timeframe.

Presidential Assent forCouncil Revival

Presidential assent has beengiven to the revival of Tamil NaduLegislative Council. According to anotification issued on the gazette ofthe Union Government, the assentwas given on May 18, 2010.

Mamta Sodha of Kaithal Suc-cessfully Climbs Mt. Everest

Mamta Sodha, a Dalit girl ofKaithal, Haryana made it to the Mt.Everest in May 2010. Her mother is awidow and Mamta, the eldest of fivesibling is teaching at a college inKurukshetra.

Her achievement is not just astory of how a Dalit girl’s hardworkhas paid off but also a mirror of thechanging social landscape of smalltowns that nurture and support thedreams of sports persons. Mamta is anational level handball player. P.Darpan

PD/July/2010/174

CONCENTRIC QUIZ(Current Affairs Special)

1. The politician Manuel Zelaya isassociated with which of thefollowing countries ?(A) Chile (B) Honduras(C) Haiti (D) Jamaica

2. Bogor Goals are associatedwith—(A) APEC (B) ASEAN(C) SAARC (D) NATO

3. The largest intergovernmentalconference in the world outsideUN is—(A) Non-Aligned MovementMeeting(B) Commonwealth Heads ofGovernment Meeting(C) African Union Meeting(D) None of the above

4. Yulia Timoshenko is a wellknown personality of—(A) Moldava(B) Lithuania(C) Ukrain(D) Costa Rica

5. The first woman President ofCosta Rica is—(A) Yulia Timoshenko(B) Laura Chinchilla(C) Kaiane Aldorino(D) Herta Mueller

6. Sahara Greatest Indian Sports-person award has been givento—(A) S. Dung Dung(B) Gautam Gambhir(C) Sachin Tendulkar(D) Prakash Padukone

7. Who among the following hasbeen honoured with 24th IndiraGandhi Award for NationalIntegration ?(A) Javed Akhtar(B) Mahesh Bhatt(C) Balraj Puri(D) Medha Patkar

8. Jundallah insurgents are fight-ing against—

(A) Iraq (B) Israel(C) Iran (D) Qatar

9. Which of the following politicalparties is active in NorthernIreland ?(A) Sinn Fein(B) The Civic Democratic Party(C) Left-Ethical DemocraticNetwork(D) National Coalition Party

10. Which of the following coun-tries registered a growth rate of8·7 per cent for 2009 ?(A) Bangladesh(B) China(C) Pakistan(D) Maldives

11. Indian state which became thefirst state in the country toachieve distinction of extendinghealth insurance cover to all theBelow Poverty Line familiesis—(A) Punjab (B) Tamil Nadu(C) Haryana (D) Karnataka

12. As per United Nations Develop-ment Programme Human Deve-lopment Report 2009 India hasbeen ranked among 182 coun-tries on Human DevelopmentIndex ?(A) 130th (B) 134th(C) 139th (D) 128th

13. As per the Economic Survey ofIndia 2009-10, India’s positionamong the gold holding nationsof the world is—(A) Seventh (B) Tenth(C) Ninth (D) Sixth

14. The first fully electrified districtof India is—(A) Bangalore(B) Thiruvananthapuram(C) Palakkad(D) Hyderabad

15. Which of the following com-positions was chosen for SahityaAkademi Award 2009 in thecategory of Marathi language ?

(A) Draupadi(B) Chitralipi(C) Geet Sarovar(D) Mrugaya

16. India’s first commercial solarpower plant has been estab-lished at—(A) Kochi(B) Awan village(C) Haridwar(D) Panagi

17. Which of the following sites hasrecently yielded the richest haulof Roman amphora sherds everfound from an Indo-Roman siteon the Indian ocean ?(A) Beruthorapatti(B) Tezpur(C) Pattanam(D) Taregna village

18. ISSA stands for—

(A) International Safety andSecurity Association

(B) Indian Sensitive SecurityAgreement

(C) India Specific SafeguardAgreement

(D) None of the above

19. Which of the following books iswritten by Peter Maass ?

(A) Dynamics of Law andJustice

(B) Not By Reason Alone : ThePolitics of Change

(C) The Privileges

(D) Crude World : The ViolentTwilight of Oil

20. Under ICC Award 2009,Tilakratne Dilshan received—(A) Emerging Player of the YearAward(B) One Day Player of the YearAward(C) Affiliate Player of the YearAward(D) None of the above

P.Darpan

Age.................. Academic Qualification..........................

Competition examination for which preparing

.............................................................................................

● How would you rate our magazine on a scale of 1 to 5 ?

● Topics/Features you would like to see in forthcoming issues .........................................................................................

.........................................................................................

Pratiyogita Darpan

Last date for sending July 15, 2010

Name Mr./Miss/Mrs. .......................................................

Full Address .......................................................................

..............................................................................................

..............................................................................................

State ........................... Pin Code No.

PD/July/2010/175

Rules and Regulations

■ All students or those appearing in competitive examinations can take part in this contest.■ Candidates taking part in quiz contest will necessarily have to send their entries by a fixed date. Entries are to be

sent by ordinary post. Please mark your envelope 'Quiz–Pratiyogita Darpan' on the top left hand side.■ Answers given only on the Entry Form of the magazine will be admissible.■ In the form there are four squares against each question number. Contestants should put a Tick ( √ ) in the square

for the answer they think is correct. Giving more than one answer to a question will disqualify it.■ Contestants should essentially write the number of questions they have solved.■ Marks will be deducted for wrong answers.■ The candidate sending the maximum number of correct answers will be given Rs. 800 as first prize. Next two

candidates after that will get Rs. 600 and Rs. 400 as second and third prize respectively. If there are more than onecandidate eligible for a prize, the amount will be equally distributed among them.

■ The decision of the editor will be final and binding in all cases, and will not be a matter for consideration of anycourt and no correspondence will be entertained in this concern.

■ Names of prize winners of Concentric Quiz alongwith the answers will be published in next issue of PratiyogitaDarpan.

■ Pratiyogita Darpan reserves the right to terminate or extend the period of quiz, or to accept or reject any or all theentries at their absolute discretion without assigning any reason.

■ Pratiyogita Darpan is not responsible for any postal delays, transit losses or mutilation of entries.■ Last date for the receipt of the entries of CONCENTRIC QUIZ in the office of Pratiyogita Darpan, 2/11A, Swadeshi

Bima Nagar, Agra–282 002 (U.P.) is July 15, 2010.

ANSWER FORM

Q. No. A B C D Q. No. A B C D

1. 11.

2. 12.

3. 13.

4. 14.

5. 15.

6. 16.

7. 17.

8. 18.

9. 19.

10. 20.

(Current Affairs Special)

I have read and understood the rules of ConcentricQuiz of Pratiyogita Darpan and agree to abide bythem.

...................................

(Signature)

PD/July/2010/177

Mental ExercMental Exercisese

Test Your KnowledgeTest Your KnowledgeTest Your KnowledgeTest Your KnowledgeTest Your Knowledge1. Which of the following is known

as the Act for the Good Govern-ment of India ?(A) Indian Councils Act 1861(B) Government of India Act1858(C) Pitts India Act of 1784(D) Government of India Act1919

2. Which British Prime Ministerannounced a scheme of represen-tation of the minorities whichcame to be known as CommunalAward in 1932 ?(A) Ramsay Mac Donald(B) Clement Atlee(C) Winston Churchill(D) None of the above

3. Which of the following wordswas not added to the Preambleof the Constitution of India bythe 42nd Constitutional Amend-ment Act of 1976 ?

(A) Sovereign (B) Socialist(C) Secular (D) Integrity

4. Which of the following Articlesprovides for securing for allcitizens a uniform civil codethroughout the territory of India ?

(A) Article 44 (B) Article 45

(C) Article 46 (D) Article 47

5. Who said that Directive Princi-ples are “aimed at furthering thegoals of the social revolution orto foster this revolution by estab-lishing the conditions necessaryfor its achievement ?”

(A) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar(B) M. C. Chagla(C) Granville Austin(D) B. N. Rau

6. By which of the following Consti-tutional Amendment Acts, was itprovided that Parliament has thepower to abridge or take awayany of the Fundamental Rightsby the enactment of Constitu-tional Amendment Acts ?

(A) The 25th ConstitutionalAmendment Act (1971)(B) The 24th ConstitutionalAmendment Act (1971)(C) The 42nd ConstitutionalAmendment Act (1976)(D) None of the above

7. The provision of ContingencyFund of India has been madeunder—(A) Article 266(B) Article 265(C) Article 267(D) Article 268

8. Who was the first scholar to usethe term ‘Indus Civilization’ ?(A) John Marshall(B) Rakhal Das Bannerji(C) R. S. Bist(D) Dayaram Sahni

9. National Food for Work Pro-gramme was launched on—(A) November 20, 2004(B) December 1, 2005(C) November 14, 2004(D) October 5, 2007

10. The recommendations of the 11thFinance Commission coveredthe period—(A) April 1, 2002 to March 31,2007(B) April 1, 2002 to March 31,2005(C) April 1, 2007 to March 31,2012(D) None of the above

11. Which of the following com-mittees is associated with reformsin small industries ?

(A) K. L. Rekhi Committee(B) R. Chelliah Committee(C) Abid Hussain Committee(D) None of the above

12. Which of the following awards isassociated with Agriculture ?(A) Bourlog Award(B) Shanti Swaroop BhatnagarAward

(C) Arjun Award(D) Vyasa Samman

13. Who is known as the father ofSanskrit Grammar ?

(A) Panini(B) Patanjali(C) Kalidas(D) None of the above

14. Who among the following isknown as the Morning Star ofIndian Renaissance ?

(A) Swami Vivekanand

(B) Raja Rammohan Roy

(C) Acharya Vinoba Bhave

(D) Rabindra Nath Tagore

15. Who among the following is therecipient of Dada Saheb PhalkeAward ?

(A) Javed Akhtar

(B) Akkineni Nageshwar Rao

(C) Manoj Kumar

(D) Subhash Ghai

16. ‘Romancing with Life’ is a bookwritten by—

(A) Dilip Kumar

(B) Debasheesh Dutta

(C) Dev Anand

(D) Hema Malini

17. Which of the following wonwomen’s hockey Gold inOlympic Games 2008 ?

(A) Holland (B) Australia

(C) Germany (D) USA

18. Uranium Corporation of India islocated in—(A) Mumbai(B) Delhi(C) Thiruvananthapuram(D) Jadugoda

19. Phylloquinone is the chemicalname of—(A) Vitamin D(B) Vitamin E(C) Vitamin K(D) Vitamin C

Edited, Printed and Published by Mahendra Jain for M/s Pratiyogita Darpan, 2/11A, Swadeshi Bima Nagar, Agra-2 and Printed byhim at Pratiyogita Darpan Printing Unit, 5 & 6 Bye Pass Road, Agra.

20. The Copenhagen Accord relatedto Climate Change was adoptedon—(A) December 15, 2009(B) December 19, 2009(C) December 10, 2009(D) December 30, 2009

21. The Criminal Procedure Code(Amendment) Act 2008 cameinto effect in—(A) January 2010(B) January 2009(C) January 2008(D) None of the above

22. The CNN-IBN Indian of the year2009 is—(A) A. R. Rahman(B) Sachin Tendulkar(C) Mukesh Ambani(D) Sania Mirza

23. Who received the Best ActorAward at the 56th National FilmAwards ?(A) Upendra Limaye(B) Amitabh Bachchan(C) Arjun Rampal(D) None of the above

24. B. C. Roy Trophy is associatedwith—(A) Cricket (B) Football(C) Chess (D) Hockey

25. India’s first Special EconomicZone dedicated to the aerospaceindustry has been launched at—(A) Hyderabad(B) Hallargi(C) Shimla(D) Ahmedabad

26. Which Indian golf player hasbeen named Rookie of the year2009 ?(A) Rashid Khan(B) Anirban Lahiri(C) Gaganjeet Bhullar(D) C. Muniyappa

27. Who among the followingclinched Junior Boy’s singles titlein Australian Open 2010 (TennisChampionship) ?(A) Leander Paes(B) Tiago Fernandes(C) Bob Bryan(D) Meke Bryan

28. As per the 2009 Human Develop-ment India’s rank in HumanDevelopment Index is—(A) 135th (B) 134th(C) 133th (D) 130th

29. Who among the following is notthe winner of the Nobel Prize2009 for Medicine ?(A) Elizabeth H. Blackburn(B) Carol W. Greider(C) Jack W. Szostak(D) Elinor Ostrom

30. National Youth Day is observedon—(A) January 15(B) January 12(C) January 20(D) January 28

31. The Hockey World Player for2009 is—(A) Rajpal Singh(B) Jamie Dwyer(C) Grant Shubert(D) None of the above

32. Theorphrastus is called the fatherof—(A) Botany (B) Zoology(C) Anatomy (D) Astrology

33. Matatilla Multi-purpose Projectis located on—(A) River Betwa(B) River Rihand(C) River Tapi(D) River Mahi

34. Dakar is the capital of—(A) Romania(B) Senegal(C) Syprus(D) Mozambique

35. Which of the following cities issituated on the river Hudson ?(A) Paris (B) New York(C) London (D) Montreal

36. Which of the following cities isfamous for Tobacco industry ?(A) Jharia(B) Khetri(C) Ferozabad(D) Guntur

37. Which of the following langu-ages was added to the Eighthschedule to the Constitution ofIndia by 21st ConstitutionalAmendment Act 1967 ?

(A) Sindhi (B) Punjabi(C) Malyalam (D) Tamil

38. Which of the following statesdoes not have legislative council ?(A) Andhra Pradesh(B) Jammu & Kashmir(C) Kerala(D) Uttar Pradesh

39. Which of the following is knownas ‘Queen of the Adriatic’ ?(A) Stockholm(B) Chicago(C) Venice(D) Strait of Gibraltar

40. Which of the following organisa-tions has its headquarters inRome ?(A) World Food Programme(B) Food and Agriculture Orga-nisation(C) International Labour Orga-nisation(D) European Free Trade Asso-ciation

[For Answer See Page 169 ]

Continued from Page 162

P.Darpan