Welcome to our presentation .

We are going to talk about pragmatics ,hope you guys

like it .

Pragmatics

Welcome to the World of Meaning!

The Discussion

The definition of pragmatics. Difference between

syntax ,semantics ,pragmatics . External information . some pragmatic elements .

What is pragmatics ? Pragmatics is the study of what the speakers

mean or speakers’ meaning . WHAT PEOPLE MEAN by their utterances rather than what the words or phrases might mean by themselves.

Contextual meaning .

The study of contextual meaning . Importance of the CONTEXT: the circumstances and the audience or public.

“The study of contextual meaning communicated by a speaker or writer, and interpreted by a listener or reader.” (G.Yule).

ContextualRelated to the context of something.

IN OTHER WORDS…

PRAGMATICS studies HOW PEOPLE MAKE SENSE OF EACH OTHER LINGUISTICALLY.

who wouldn’t ?

Did you ?

Two friends in a conversation may imply some things and infer some others without providing any clear linguistic evidence. So, pragmatics requires us to make sense of what people have in mind.

speech

Utterance meaning

Force meaning

Understanding speech

Para

daig

m o

f sp

eaki

ng

in p

ragm

ati

cs

Time spent

Pragmatically meaning ;)

When a diplomat says yes ,he means ‘perhaps’ ;

When he says perhaps ,he means ‘no’ ;

When he says no ,he is not a diplomat .

Voltaire (quote ,in Spanish,in escandell 1993).

Syntax ,semantics and oragmatics ;

syntax The study of the relations between linguistics form,how they are arranged in the sequence ,which sentences are well formed .

Semantics

Is the study of the meaning of words,phrase

and sentences .

The study of the relations between lingutic forms

and entities in the world.

Context:Context is the place where helps us to know and interpret the meaning of the word or words .

Lingustic

context

Physical context

The rule of context .

Linguistic context

Physical context

Context

Elements of pragmatics :

deixis

Person spatial Temporal

1-Deixis:

Types of indexicals

Person deixis: used to point people. (me, you)

Spatial deixis: used to point location (here, there).

Temporal dexis: used to point location in time (now, then).

i.e: “I’ll put this here, ok?”

2- Reference : an act in which a speaker or writer, uses

linguistic forms to enable a listener or reader, to identify something.

Words in themselves do not refer anything. People refer.

So, reference is tied to the speaker’s goals and beliefs about the listener knowledge in the use of language.

3- Inference: connection between what is said and what must be meant

Can I borrow your ’Austin ?

Austin is refer to the novel of Jane Austin.

4- anaphora:

The expressions used to maintain reference to something or someone already mentioned.

i.e: “A man was looking at us. He then disappeared.”

The initial reference is often indefinite (A man…) and is called the ANTECEDENT.

The subsequent reference is definite or a prononun (He…) and is called ANAPHORA.

5-presupposition : speaker assumption of the utterance to be

true or known by the hearer . What the speaker assume is true or known by

the listener .

He talked about you . You have knowledge about ‘he’ you know him .

6- speech act : Is meant to describe action by a speaker such as

requesting,commanding ,questioning ,apology ,promise ,,,etc

6-Direct and indirect speech acts :Direct:there’s a direct relationship between the structure (declarative, interrogative, imperative) and its communicative function (statement, question, commnad/request.

Indirect :Indirect relation between the structure and function

“Move out of the way!” – (the only direct command.)

“Do you have to stand in front of the T.V?”(A question functioning as an indirect command)

7-Politeness and social closeness: Politeness: The idea of polite social

behavior - to show awareness of another person’s face.

“Excuse, Mr. Buckingham, can I talk to you for a second?”

Social closeness : person’spublic image •emotional and social sense of self

everyone has and expects everyone else to recognize .

“Hey, Bucky, got a minute?”

Thanks for listening .

Any questions ?