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DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

CHHATTISGARH STATE

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURECHHATTISGARH STATE

Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY)

1.1.1 Pradhan MantriKrishiSinchayeeYojana 1.1.1.1.1 (PMKSY)

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Table of Content

Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana ........................................................................................ i

1.1.1 Pradhan MantriKrishiSinchayeeYojana ............................................................................. i

List of Tables .............................................................................................................................. v

List of Figures ........................................................................................................................... vii

Contributors ............................................................................................................................. viii

Chapter- 1 General Information of the District .......................................................................... 1

1.2 District Profile .............................................................................................................................1

1.3 Demography ................................................................................................................................4

1.4 Biomass and Live Stock ..............................................................................................................6

1.5 Agro-Ecology, Climate, Hydrology and Topography: ..............................................................10

1.6 Slope ..........................................................................................................................................15

1.7 Geomorphology .........................................................................................................................15

1.8 Hydrogeomorphology ...............................................................................................................20

1.9 Soil ............................................................................................................................................23

1.10 Soil Depth ..................................................................................................................................25

1.11 Soil Texture ...............................................................................................................................25

1.12 Soil Erosion ...............................................................................................................................28

1.13 Land Use ...................................................................................................................................29

1.14 Drainage ....................................................................................................................................37

2 Chapter - 2 District Water Profile...................................................................................... 43

2.1 Crop Water Requirement ..........................................................................................................43

2.2 Production and Productivity of Major Crops: ...........................................................................45

3 Chapter - 3 Water Availability .......................................................................................... 49

3.1 Surface Water Scenario .............................................................................................................49

3.2 Status of Surface Water Availability .........................................................................................49

3.3 Status of Ground Water Availability .........................................................................................50

3.4 Water Level Scenario ..............................................................................................................51

3.5 Ground Water Resources ..........................................................................................................51

3.6 Ground Water Quality ...............................................................................................................51

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3.7 Ground Water Management Strategy ........................................................................................51

4 Chapter- 4 -Water Requirement/ Demand ......................................................................... 61

4.1 Domestic Water Demand ..........................................................................................................61

4.2 Crop Water Demand: ................................................................................................................63

4.3 Livestock Water Demand: .........................................................................................................67

4.4 Industrial Water Demand ..........................................................................................................72

4.5 Water demand for Power Generation: .......................................................................................73

4.6 Water Demand of the Durg District for Various Sectors ..........................................................73

4.7 Water Budget.............................................................................................................................74

5 Chapter -5 Strategic Action Plan ....................................................................................... 76

5.1 Methodology .............................................................................................................................76

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List of Tables

Table 1-0-1 Block Wise Total Population 4

Table 1-0-2 Large Animals of Durg District 7

Table 1-0-3 Small Animals of Durg District 8

Table 1-0-4 Poultry of Durg District 9

Table 1-0-5 Water Consumption by Different Category of Livestock 10

Table 1-0-6 Rainfall in District 11

Table 1-0-7 Agro- Ecological Zone 11

Table 1-0-8 Temperature 12

Table 1-0-9 Slope Category 15

Table 1-0-10 Block Wise Slope Class Categories in % 15

Table 1-0-11 Soil Type 25

Table 1-0-12 Block Wise Soil Texture Distribution (% Area) 28

Table 1-0-13 Land Use Pattern in District Durg 35

Table 1-0-14 Block Wise & Stream Order Wise Drainage 37

Table 1-0-15 Information Occurrence of Drought 42

Table 2-1 Durg District Crop Irrigation Status 44

Table 2-2 Production and Productivity of the Blocks in Durg District 45

Table 2-3 Irrigated and Un irrigated Area (Ha.) 47

Table 2-4 Crop Wise and Block Wise Irrigated and Rain-fed Area in Durg Disttrict (in ha) 48

Table 3-2 Block Wise Water Potential 49

Table 3-3 Block Wise Salient Features of Ground Water 53

Table 3-4 Block Wise Command &Non Command Area in Durg 54

Table 3-5 Block Wise Status of Command area in Durg 54

Table 3-6 Summary of Category Assessment units Chhattisgarh (As on March' 2013) 59

Table 3-7 Irrigated Area with Different Sources, District-Durg (Unit Ha) 60

Table 4-1 Domestic Water Requirement/Demand 61

Table 4-2 Crop Water Requirement For Block Durg 65

Table 4-3 Crop Water Requirement for Block Patan 66

Table 4-4 Crop Water Requirement for Block Dhamdha 67

Table 4-5 Live Stock Water Demand Durg District 68

Table 4-6 Live Stock Water Demand Block Durg 69

Table 4-7 Live Stock Water Demand Block Patan 70

Table 4-8 Live Stock Water Demand Block Dhamdha 70

Table 4-9 Water Consumptions by Animals / Birds 71

Table 4-10 Water Consumptions by Wild Life 72

Table 4-11 Block wise Industrial Water Demand 72

Table 4-12 Water Demand of The District for Various Sectors (Present) 73

Table 4-13 Water Demand of the district for various sectors (Projected 2025) 74

Table 4-14 Water Budget 74

Table 5-1 Water Potential Created 79

Table 5-2 Irrigated Area Created 79

Table 5-3 Block Wise Year Wise Estimated Cost (in Lakh) 79

Table 5-4 Block Wise ,Year Wise, Component Wise Estimated Cost (in Lakh) 80

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Table 5-5 Block Wise Proposed No of Activity 80

Table 5-6 Ministry Wise, Year Wise Estimated Cost (in Lakh) 81

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List of Figures

Figure 1-0-1 Location Map of Durg District 3

Figure 1-0-3 Hydrogeomorphology Map of Durg District 21

Figure 1-0-4 Ground Water Potential Map Durg District 22

Figure 1-5 Soil Texture Map of Durg District 27

Figure 1-6 Land Use Map of Durg Distrit 36

Figure 1-0-7 Drainage Map of Durg District 38

Figure 1-0-8 Watershed Map of Durg District 39

Figure 1-0-9 Surface Waterbody of Durg District 40

Figure 1-0-10 Lithology Map of Durg District 41

Figure 5-1 Proposed Water Harvesting Structure in Durg District 78

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Contributors

DIP COMPILED AND PREPARED BY

CENTER FOR GIS TECHNOLOGY

RAIPUR

CHATTISGARH

CONTACT- +91-7714023036 E-mail-cggis.technology@gmail.com www.cggistech.com

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Executive Summery

The major objective of PMKSY is to achieve convergence of investments in

irrigation at the field level, Expand cultivable area under assured irrigation, improve on-farm

water use efficiency to reduce wastage of water, enhance the adoption of precision-irrigation

and other water saving technologies (More crop per drop), enhance recharge of aquifers and

introduce sustainable water conservation practices by exploring the feasibility of reusing

treated municipal waste water for peri-urban agriculture and attract greater private investment

in precision irrigation system.

PMKSY has been conceived amalgamating ongoing schemes viz. Accelerated

Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP) of the Ministry of Water Resources, River Development

& Ganga Rejuvenation (MoWR, RD&GR), Integrated Watershed Management Programme

(IWMP) of Department of Land Resources (DoLR) and the On Farm Water Management

(OFWM) of Department of Agriculture and Cooperation (DAC).

Ministry of Agriculture, and the Ministry of water Resources and Rural Development

will implement the scheme. In addition, the Ministry of Rural Development is to mainly

undertake rainwater conservation, construction of farm pond, water harvesting structures,

small check dams and contour bunding etc. and MoWR, RD &GR, is to undertake various

measures for creation of assured irrigation source, construction of diversion canals, field

channels, water diversion/lift irrigation, including development of water distribution systems.

Ministry of Agriculture will promote efficient water conveyance and precision water

application devices like drips, sprinklers, pivots, rain-guns in the farm ―(Jal Sinchan)‖,

construction of micro-irrigation structures to supplement source creation activities, extension

activities for promotion of scientific moisture conservation and agronomic measures

Programme architecture of PMKSY will be to adopt a ‗decentralized State level

planning and projected execution‘ structure that will allow States to draw up their own

irrigation development plans based on District Irrigation Plan (DIP) and State Irrigation Plan

(SIP). It will be operative as convergence platform for all water sector activities including

drinking water & sanitation, MGNREGS, application of science etc. through comprehensive

plan. State Level Sanctioning Committee (SLSC) chaired by the Chief Secretary of the State

will vested with the authority to oversee its implementation and sanction projects.

The programme will supervised and monitored by an Inter-Ministerial National

Steering Committee (NSC) constituted under the Chairmanship of Prime Minister with Union

Ministers from concerned Ministries. A National Executive Committee (NEC) willconstituted

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under the Chairmanship of Vice Chairman, NITI Aayog to oversee programme

implementation, allocation of resources, inter-ministerial coordination, monitoring &

performance assessment, addressing administrative issues etc.

Components and responsible Ministries/ Departments

1. AIBP by MoWR, RD &GR To focus on faster completion of ongoing Major and

Medium Irrigation including National Projects.

2. PMKSY (HarKhetkoPani) by MoWR,RD&GR Creation of new water sources

through Minor Irrigation (both surface and ground water)

Repair, restoration and renovation of water bodies.

Strengthening carrying capacity of traditional water sources.

Constructionrainwater harvesting structures.

Command area development. At least 10% of the command area to be covered

under micro/precision irrigation

Strengthening and creation of distribution network from source to the farm.

Improvement of water management and distribution system for water bodies to

take advantage of the available source, which is not tap to its fullest capacity

(deriving benefits from low hanging fruits).

Diversion of water from source of different location where it is plenty to

nearby water scarce areas, lift irrigation from water bodies/rivers at lower

elevation to supplement requirements beyond IWMP and MGNREGS

irrespective of irrigation command.

Creation and rejuvenation of traditional water storage systems like Jal Mandir

(Gujarat), Khatri, Kuhl (H.P.), Zabo (Nagaland), Eri, Ooranis (T.N.), Dongs

(Assam), Katas, Bandhas (Odisha and M.P.) Etc. at feasible locations.

3. PMKSY (Watershed) by Dept. of Land Resources, MoRD Waterharvesting

structures such as check dams, Nala bund, Farm ponds, Peripheral bund, Marginal Bund,

Pond andTanks etc.

Capacity building, Entry point activities, Ridge area treatment, Drainage line

treatment, Soil and moisture conservation, Nursery raising, Afforestation, Horticulture,

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Pasture development, Livelihood activities for the asset-less persons and production system &

micro enterprises for small and marginal farmers etc.

Effective rainfall management like field bunding, contour bunding/trenching,

staggered trenching, land levelling, mulching etc.

4. PMKSY(Per drop more crop) by Dept. of Agriculture & Cooperation, MoA

Programme management, preparation of State/District Irrigation Plan, approval of

annual action plan, Monitoring etc.

Promoting efficient water conveyance and precision water application devices

like drips, sprinklers, pivots, rain-guns in the farm (Jal Sinchan).

Topping up of input cost of civil construction beyond permissible limit (40%),

under MGNREGA for activities like lining inlet, outlet, silt traps distribution

system etc.

Construction of micro irrigation structures to supplement source creation

activities including tube wells and dug wells (in areas where ground water is

available and not under semi critical /critical /over exploited category of

development) which are not supported under PMKSY (WR), PMKSY

(Watershed) and MGNREGS.

Secondary storage structures at tail end of canal system to store water when

available in abundance (rainy season) or from perennial sources like streams

for use during dry periods through effective on-farm water management.

Water lifting devices like diesel/ electric/ solar pump sets including water

carriage pipes.

Extension activities for promotion of scientific moisture conservation and

agronomic measures including cropping alignment to maximise use of

available water including rainfall and minimise irrigation requirement (Jal

sarankchan).

Capacity building, training for encouraging potential use water source through

technological, agronomic and management practices including community

irrigation.

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Awareness campaign on water saving technologies, practices, programmes

etc., organisation of workshops, conferences, publication of booklets,

pamphlets, success stories, documentary, advertisements etc.

Improved/innovative distribution system like pipe and box outlet system with

controlled outlet and other activities of enhancing water use efficiency.

District Irrigation Plans (DIPs)

District Irrigation Plans (DIPs) shall be the cornerstone for planning and

implementation of PMKSY. DIPs will identify the gaps in irrigation infrastructure after taking

consideration of the District Agriculture Plans (DAPs) which already prepared for

RashtriyaKrishiVikasYojana (RKVY).

The Irrigation infrastructures which are currently available and resources that willbe

added during XII Plan from other ongoing schemes (both State and Central).like Mahatma

Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS),

RashtriyaKrishiVikashYojana (RKVY), Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF),

Member of Parliament Local Area Development (MPLAD) Scheme, Member of Legislative

Assembly Local Area Development (MLALAD) Scheme, Local body funds etc. will also

considered.

The gaps identified under Strategic Research & Extension Plan (SREGP) will used in

the preparation of DIP.

DIPs will present holistic irrigation development perspective of the district outlining

medium to long term development plans integrating three components viz. water sources,

distribution network and water use applications incorporating all usage of water like drinking

& domestic use, irrigation and industry.

Preparation of DIP willtake up as joint exercise of all participating departments. DIP

will form the compendium of all existing and proposed water resources network system in the

district.

The DIPs will prepared at the block and the district levels. Keeping in the view of the

convenience of map preparation and data collection, the work will primarily done at block

level. Block wise irrigation plan is to be prepared depending on the available and potential

water resources and water requirement for agriculture sector prioritising the activities based

on socio-economic and location specific requirement. In case of planning is made based on

basin/sub basin level, the comprehensive irrigation plan may cover more than one district.

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The activities identified in the basin/sub-basin plan can further segregated into

district/block level action plans. Use of satellite imagery, Topo sheets and available database

may appropriately utilised for developing irrigation plans at least on pilot basis to begin with

and subsequently may extended to all projects.

Background,

Hon‘ble President of India in his address to the joint Session of the Parliament of 16th

Lok Sabha indicated, ―Each drop of water is precious. Government is committed to giving

high priority to water security. It will complete the long pending irrigation projects on priority

and launch the ‗Pradhan MantriKrishiSinchayeeYojana‘ with the motto of ‗HarKhetKoPaani‘.

There is a need of serious consideration to all options including linking of rivers, where

feasible for ensuring optimal use of our water resources to prevent the recurrence of floods

and drought. By harnessing rainwater through Jal Sanchay and Jal Sinchanwe can nurture

water conservation and ground water recharge. Micro irrigation will ensure ‗Per drop-More

crop‘. Nearly 141m.Ha of net area shown in the country, about 65 million hectare (45%)

are presently covered under irrigation. Substantial dependency on rainfall makes cultivation in

unirrigated areas a high risk, less productive profession. Empirical evidences suggest to

assured farmers to invest more in farming technology and inputs leading to productivity

enhancement and increased farm income. The overreaching vision of Pradhan

MantriKrishiSinchayeeYojana (PMKSY) is to ensure access to some means of protective

irrigation to all agricultural farms in the country, to produce ‗per drop more crop‘, thus

bringing much desired rural prosperity.

Vision,

To use the available water resources in the district at the maximum potential in an

efficient way catering to the basic needs of every living being and enhancing the livelihoods

of rural population to the maximum extent thus alleviating poverty in a sustainable way

without compromising the interests of future generations.

Objective,

The broad objectives of PMKSY is to -

a) Achieve convergence of investments in irrigation at the field level (preparation of

district level and, if required, sub district level water use plans).

b) Enhance the physical access of water on the farm and expand cultivable area under

assured irrigation (HarKhetkopani),

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c) Integration of water source, distribution and its efficient use, to make best use of

water through appropriate technologies and practices.

d) Improve on-farm water use efficiency to reduce wastage and increase availability

both in duration and in extent,

e) Enhance the adoption of precision-irrigation and other water saving technologies

(More crop per drop).

f) Enhance recharge of aquifers and introduce sustainable water conservation

practices

g) Ensure the integrated development of rain fed areas using the watershed approach

towards soil and water conservation, regeneration of ground water, arresting runoff, providing

livelihood options and other NRM activities.

h) Promote extension activities relating to water harvesting, water management and

crop alignment for farmers and grass root level field functionaries.

i) To explore the feasibility of reusing treated municipal wastewater for peri-urban

agriculture,

j) Attract greater private investments in irrigation.

This will increase agricultural production and productivity and enhance farm income.

Strategy /approach

To achieve above objectives, PMKSY will strategize by focussing on end-to end

solution in irrigation supply chain, viz. water sources, distribution network, efficient farm

level applications, extension services on new technologies & information. Broadly, PMKSY

will focus on-

a) Creation of new water sources, repair, restoration and renovation of defunct water

sources, construction of water harvesting structures, secondary & micro storage, groundwater

development, enhancing potentials of traditional water bodies at village level like Jal Mandir

(Gujarat), Khatri, Kuhl (H.P.),Zabo (Nagaland); Eri, Ooranis (T.N.),Dongs (Assam), Katas,

Bandhas (Odisha and M.P.) etc.

b) Developing/augmenting distribution network where irrigation sources (both

assured and protective) are available or created.

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c) Promotion of scientific moisture conservation and run off control measures to

improve ground water recharge to create opportunities for farmer to access recharged water

through shallow tube/dug wells.

d) Promoting efficient water conveyance and field application devices within the

farm, underground piping system, Drip & Sprinklers, pivots, rain-guns and other application

devices etc.

e) Encouraging community irrigation through registered user groups/farmer producers‘

organisations/NGOs.

f) Farmer oriented activities like capacity building, training and exposure visits,

demonstrations, farm schools, skill development in efficient water and crop management

practices (crop alignment) including large-scale awareness on more crop per drop of water

through mass media campaign, exhibitions, field days, and extension activities through short

animation films etc.

g) The previously mentioned areas only outline the broad contours of PMKSY;

combination of interventions may be required depending on location specific conditions and

requirements, which will identified through District and State Irrigation Plans.

Methodology:

The preparation of District Irrigation plan is an integration of geospatial technology,

Space application technologies and spatial and non-spatial data.

1. Transformation of available thematic information (district provided Gyan data)

on to the village level on Bhuvan portal and extract geo-referenced village map data.

2. Integration of thematic layers with socio-economic data for classification of

area into specific composite land units on village level.

3. Preparation of appropriate action plan based on potential of composite land units

and developmental needs of study area in based on available data.

4. Field visit to validate the recommended measures with respect to the ground

situation and requirement of the local people.

5. Finalization of development plans based on field observation.

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Available thematic information for preparation for water resource and land resources

and development plan.

Land use / land cover map

Groundwater potential map

Soil map - depth, texture, erosion and land capability

Slope map.

High-resolution Satellite imaginary through Bhuvan portal.

Lithology.

Hydro geomorphology.

Area for development of water resources structure geospatial technology has been

used in this process first identify the area of crop land based on high resolution satellite data

and then identify the irrigated area by different source of irrigation methods. To identify the

unirrigated area an overlay method is used. District irrigation plan covers the following

planning component of the district in sustainable development approach:

Increase in vegetation/biomass in the district.

More number of surface water bodies in district.

Shift from annual crop to perennial.

Increase in the extent of crop area.

Improvement in the soil moisture availability

Reclamation of wastelands.

Convergence of investments in irrigation at the field level.

Enhance the physical access of water on the farm and expand cultivable area under

assured irrigation (Har Khet ko pani)

Best use of water through appropriate technologies and practices.

Improve on-farm water use efficiency.

Enhance the adoption of precision-irrigation and other water saving technologies

(More crop per drop).

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Enhance recharge of aquifers and introduce sustainable water conservation practices.

Ensure the integrated development of rain fed areas.

Promote extension activities relating to water harvesting, water management and crop

alignment for farmers and grass root level field functionaries.

Explore the feasibility of reusing treated municipal waste water for peri-urban

agriculture,

Attract greater private investments in irrigation.

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1.2 District Profile

Situated on the east bank of river Shivnath, District Durg is herald of Chhattisgarh‘s

Industrial Development, Cultural competence, Social harmony and Meaningful use of

resources. It is a symbol of status, prestige and glory of Chhattisgarh. History of Durg is like

conducive inspiration, which is unique mixture of oldness and modernity, culture-rite and

entrepreneurship, and is part of the Durg-Bhilai urban agglomeration. The district lies

between 20°54' and 21°32' north latitude and 81°10' and 81°36‘ East longitude covering an

area of 2238.36 sq. Km. It is surrounded by Bemetara district in north, Dhamtari district in the

east; Balod district is the in south and Ranjnandgaon district in the west. The District

headquarter Durg is on the Mumbai - Howrah line of south-eastern railways. The National

Highway no. 6 (Great Eastern Road) also passes through the town of Durg. A network of the

state highways and all weather roads connects all-important places within the district.

Durg town 21°12' 22.3884'' N and 81° 18' 49.8312'' E is the district Headquarters.

Total no of villages in the district is 429.

According to the 2011 census, Rajnandgaon district has a population of 1721948. In

addition, district has a population density is 742 persons/ sq.km and the literacy rate is around

79%.

The percentage of irrigated area in Rajnandgaon district is 72%.

Durg is the part of the Durg-Bhilai urban agglomeration. The city is an agricultural

market and heavily engaged in milling rice and pigeon peas. Durg gained importance as an

industrial centre after the establishment of a large steel plant at Bhilai. Other industries

include brass working and bell-metal working, oil pressing, mining and weaving.

Chapter- 1 General Information of the

District

1.1.1.1.1

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The brief summary of the Durg is shown in below table.

Table 1-1 District Profile

District Profile

Geographical Area 231999

Latitude and Longitude 20°54' and 21°32'

81°10' and 81°36'

Average Rainfall 1168.2

Area under Forest 0

Area under Agriculture use 192214

Total net Swon Area 141062

Total Gross Area 192214

Net Irrigated (Rabi/Khariff) 30166(105488/135654)

Net Rain fed 35574

Total Number of blocks 3

Total Number of Gram Panchayats 296

Total Number of Villages 429

Total Population 1721948

Total Male Population 875813

Total Female Population 846135

Total Population ST 58943

Total Population SC 145296

Total Population GEN/OBC 922492

Total livestock 1600030

Stored Surface water (BCM) 0.4047

Stored Ground water (BCM) 0.0369

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Figure 1-0-1 Location Map of Durg District

Source: NRSC (District GYAN data and ISRO Bhuvan Portel

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1.3 Demography

Table 1-0-1 Block Wise Total Population

Block

Population SC ST General Total

M F Total

No of

house

hold

No of

Member

s

No of

house

hold

No of

Member

s

No of

househ

old

No of

Membe

rs

No of

househo

ld

No of

Membe

rs

Durg 576597 550134 1126731 63925 145296 15478 58943 162945 922492 242348 1126731

Patan 163736 161491 325227 14523 50881 7093 27687 47460 246659 69076 325227

Dhamdha 135480 134510 269990 10514 49410 3908 14558 41624 206022 56046 269990

Gr.Total 875813 846135 1721948 88962 245587 26479 101188 252029 1375173 367470 1721948

Source: Census of India 2011

It is reflect from table that total population of the district is 1721948 out of which

875813 male and 846135 female people. Durg block reserves the highest population.

Graph 1-1 Block Wise Total Population

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

Male Female No ofhousehold

Durg Patan Dhamdha

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Figure 1- 2 Population Map of District Durga

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1.4 Biomass and Live Stock

Water plays an important role in livestock productivity. Livestock productivity in

pastoral areas depends greatly on the availability of water. There are several factors, which

determine water balance, water turnover and functions of the animal. Assessment of livestock

and water requirement is helpful in modelling water and livestock relationships.

The demand for meat, dairy products and eggs rises faster than the demand for crops;

thus both scenarios call for livestock production to increase relatively more rapidly than crops.

The world livestock system is broadly divided into pastoral grazing, mixed farming and

industrial systems (Sere and Seinfeld 1996). Estimate of the current demand of 1.7 billion tons

of cereals and 206 million tons of meat in developing countries could rise by 2020 to 2.5 to

2.8 billion tons of cereals and to 310 millions of tons of meat (IFPRI 2000). Water is used by

the herbivore as a medium for physical and chemical energy transfer, namely for evaporative

cooling and intermediary metabolism (Konandreas and Anderson; King 1983,Kirda and

Riechardt 1986). Livestock and poultry water consumption depend on a number of

physiological and environmental conditions such as:

• Type and size of animal or bird

• Physiological state (lactating, pregnant or growing)

• Activity level

• Type of diet-dry hay, silage or lush pasture

• Temperature-hot summer days above 25 0C can sometimes double the water

consumption of animals.

• Water quality - palatability and salt content

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In the below table the demand of water for Large Animals is shown and all the figures

are taken from the Livestock Census of India.

Table 1-0-2 Large Animals of Durg District

Sr.No Name of

Block

Large Animals Draft Animal

(Buffalo/Yak/bulls/any

other

(Nos.) Indigenous Cow (Nos.)

In descriptive Buffalo

(Nos.)

1 DURG 99405 31541 16891

2 PATAN 124787 12633 17869

3 DHAMDHA 127046 13106 10294

Source: Livestock Census of India 2011

From the above table we can see that in Durg District Patan Block having largest number of

water demand for large animals i.e.155289 in those 124787 cows and 12633 Buffalos and

Durg Block have lowest number of water demand for large animals i.e. 147837 in those

99405 cows and 31541 Buffalos.

The Graphical representation of large animals is shown below.

Graph 1-2 Large Animals of Durg District

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

Indigenous Cow (Nos.) In descriptive Buffalo(Nos.)

Draft Animal(Buffalo/Yak/bulls/any other

(Nos.)

DURG PATAN DHAMDHA

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Table 1-0-3 Small Animals of Durg District

Sr.No Name of Block

Small Animals

Poultry

(No.)

Pigs

(Nos.)

Goats

(Nos.)

Sheeps

(Nos.)

1 DURG 230192 1743 12232 648

2 PATAN 77925 142 13105 2405

3 DHAMDHA 101547 226 9583 425

Source: Livestock Census of India 2011

From the above table it is clear that in Durg No of Pigs are 2111 and Goats 34920, Sheeps 3478.

The Graphical Representation of the Small animals in the district is shown below.

Graph 1-3 Small Animals of Durg District

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

Poultry(No.)

Pigs(Nos.)

Goats(Nos.)

Sheeps (Nos.)

DURG PATAN DHAMDHA

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Table 1-0-4 Poultry of Durg District

Sr No Name of Block Poultry

(No.)

1 DURG 230192

2 PATAN 77925

3 DHAMDHA 101547

Total 409664

Source: Livestock Census of India 2011

The total livestock population consisting of Cattle, Buffalo, Sheep, Goat, pig, Horses

& Ponies, Mules, and Donkeys are divided into the three main category based on requirement

of water.

Graph 1-4 Poultry of Durg District

From the above graph it is clear that in Durg Block there is large no of Poultry and in

Dhamdha and Patan less.

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

DURG PATAN DHAMDHA

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Table 1-0-5 Water Consumption by Different Category of Livestock

Water Consumptions by Animals / Birds

S. N. Livestock Category Water requirement

Range

Average Water Use

L/ Day

1 Poultry 0.16-0.24 0.2

2 Small Animals 13-20 16.5

3 Large Animals 39-59 49

1.5 Agro-Ecology, Climate, Hydrology and Topography:

Agro-ecology is the study of ecological processes that operate in agricultural

production systems. The prefix agro- refers to agriculture. Bringing ecological principles to

bear in agroecosystems can suggest novel management approaches that will not considered.

Agroecology is the application of ecological concepts and methodological design for long-

term enhancement and management of soil fertility and agriculture productivity. It provides a

strategy to increase diversified agro-ecosystem. Therefore, it is benefiting the effect of the

incorporation of plant and animal biodiversity, nutrient recycling; biomass creation and

growth with natural resource systems based on legumes, trees, and incorporation of livestock.

These all make the basis of a sustainable agriculture and aim to improve the food system and

societal sustainability. The agroecology supports production of both a huge quantity and

diversity of good quality of food, thread and medicinal crops, together with family utilization

and the market for economic and nutritionally at risk populations. Sustainable agricultural

practices have to tackle the conservation of biodiversity, enhanced ecological functions, social

tolerance, self-reliance, fairness, improved quality of life and economic productivity of crops

and live- stock. Sustainability of agriculture critical from the food point of view and

ecological security at the regional scale.

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Table 1-0-6 Rainfall in District

S.No. Name of Block

Normal

Annual

RainfalL (mm)

Average

Monthly Rain

Fall (mm)

No of

Rainy

Days

(No.)

Maximum Rainfall Intensity

(mm)

Up to 15

Min

Beyond 15

but up to

30 Min

Beyond 30

but up to

60 Min

1 DURG 1087.70 1038.00 47 30 7 10

2 PATAN 1184.30 1065.00 49 30 7 12

3 DHAMDHA 1015.90 1015.90 28 13 6 9

Source IMD &ICAR Department Raipur

Table 1-0-7 Agro- Ecological Zone

S.No. Name of Block

Agro

Ecological

Zone

Type

Block

Area

(ha)

Normal

Annual

RainfalL

(mm)

Average

Monthly

Rain Fall

(mm)

No of

Rainy

Days

(No.)

Maximum Rainfall

Intensity (mm)

Up to 15

Min

Beyond

15 but

up to 30

Min

Beyond

30 but

up to 60

Min

1 DURG C.G.

Plain

67517 1087.70 1038.00 47 30 7 10

2 PATAN 76233 1184.30 1065.00 49 30 7 12

3 DHAMDHA 88249 1015.90 1015.90 28 13 6 9

Source IMD &ICAR Department Raipur

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Table 1-0-8 Temperature

Average Weekly Temperature (''C)

Period

Summer (April-May) Winter (Oct-Mar.) Rainy (June-Sept)

Min. Max. Mean Min. Max. Mean Min. Max. Mean

24 13.3

29 15.2

32.9 18.7

37 23.1

39.5 25.3

34.8 24.1

30.4 23.5

28.6 23.3

29.2 23.2

29.6 21.3 29.6 21.3

26.4 17 26.4 17

24.2 13.5 24.2 13.5

76.5 48.4 0 166 99 0 203 146 0

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Figure 1-3 Topography of Durg District

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Figure 1-3 Slope Map

Source: NRSC (District GYAN data and ISRO BhuvanPortel

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1.6 Slope

Slope of land is also one of the important physiographic aspects influencing the

landuse of an area. The effect of slope on agriculture may be both direct and indirect. The

most obvious direct influence of slope is in the form of the restrained on cultivation and

accessibility. The indirect effect of slope manifests itself in pedological and climatic

modification including the position of water table, development of soils, air drainage, and

relative freedom from frost. This classification gives information regarding slope percent

classes in the study area. The general slope of the area in the northerly.

Table 1-0-9 Slope Category

Slope Category Slope class

Nearly level 0-1 %

Very gently sloping 1-3 %

Gently sloping 3-8 %

Strongly sloping 8-15 %

Mod. steep to steep 15-35 %

Steep sloping 35-45 %

Very Steep sloping >45 %

Table 1-0-10 Block Wise Slope Class Categories in %

Slope Class 0 to 1 1 to 2 2 to 5 5 to 8 8 to 15 15 to 35 > 35

DURG

PATAN

DHAMDHA

Source: Based on NRSC Carto DEM

1.7 Geomorphology

Geomorphology is one of the critical theme information for all the application

projects. Hence, the geomorphic maps proposed to be prepared would cater to the different

resource information needs of the country like geo-environment, geo-engineering, geohazards,

mineral and ground water exploration and also interdisciplinary themes like soil, land use /

land cover and forest, etc. Geomorphology plays an important role in various fields of

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planning. One of the major themes is the irrigation development wherein the

geomorphological guides are used as one of the indicator zone for site selection. The

understanding of subsurface geology is a primary requirement for planning exploration and

exploitation strategies. The basement structure highs manifest itself on the surface as

geomorphic anomaly like annular drainage pattern, radial pattern, sudden change in the river

course etc.

Landforms of fluvial origin

The word fluvial is used in earth science to refer to processes and landforms produced

by running water. As with other surficial processes, running water can either erode material

from the earth‘s landscape, or deposit layers of sediment. The resulting landforms can be

further classified as either erosional landforms or depositional landforms. The incredible

power of running water in carving various erosional and depositional landforms is well

known. Although the quantity of water in stream is small at one time during the course of the

year, very large volumes of water moves through the channel and they form an important

component in the hydrological cycle. The fluvial dissection of the landscape consists of

valleys and their included channel ways organized into a system of connection known as a

drainage network. Drainage networks display many types of quantitative regularity that are

useful in analyzing both the fluvial systems and the terrains that they dissect. The following

are some of the important landforms definition of fluvial origin.

Braided bar

A stream that divides into or follows an interlacing or tangled network of several,

small, branching and reuniting shallow channels separated from each other by branch islands

or channel bars, resembling in plan the strands of a complex braid. Such systems are generally

believed to indicate the inability to carry its entire load such as an overloaded and aggrading

stream flowing in a wide channel on a flood plain.

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Figure 1-4 Geomorphology Map of District Durg

Source: NRSC (District GYAN data and ISRO BhuvanPortel

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Landforms of Denudational Origin

Landform of denudational origin is formed where the denudation process dominates

over the other process. Most of the landform resulting due to this process is the combined

effect of mechanical and chemical weathering. Denudation is the process of removal of

material by erosion and weathering. This has direct influence on the relief of the area

especially in the reduction of relief to the base level. The agents are mostly water, ice and

wind. The major factors affecting denudation are geology, climate, tectonics and

anthropogenic effects. All rocks and minerals at or near surface are attacked by physical and

chemical process. The effect of this process is not everywhere because of rocks varying

resistance to change. As a result weathering and erosion yield number of landforms, which

have typical shape and forms. Weathering is an essential part of the rock cycle. The parent

material, or rock-weathered material is disaggregated to form smaller fragments and some of

the minerals are dissolved and removed by the agent of water. This removal of material is

erosionis accomplished by running water, wind, glacier etc. The weathering provides a raw

material for the sedimentary rock and soil. Important denudational landforms to be mapped

are explained below.

Pediment

A broad, flat or gently sloping, rock floored erosion surface or plain of low relief,

typically developed by sub aerial agents (including running water) in an arid or semiarid

region at the base of an abrupt and receding mountain front or plateau escarpment, and

underlain by bedrock (occasionally by older alluvial deposits) that may be bare but more often

partly mantled with a and discontinuous veneer of alluvium derived from the upland masses

and in transit across the surface.

Pediment-Inselberg Complex

The pediments dotted by numerous inselberg of small sizes, which makes it difficult to

distinguish from the pediments. Hence, it is called as a complex of pediment and inselberg.

Pediplain

An extensive, multi-concave, rock cut erosion surface formed by the coalescence of

two or more adjacent pediments representing the (the ―pen plain‖) mature stage of the erosion

cycle.

Landform of structural origin

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Landform of structural origin is related to structural aspect of the area. Most of the

landforms under this class has genesis related to underlying structure. Structure plays an

important role for reducing the resistance of rock, which manifests itself in different

geomorphic forms. Some of the variation is minor and some are in mega scale. The mega

scale forms have a dramatic effect on the genesis of landforms and hence mapping of such

forms indirectly indicates the structural set up of the area. The mega scale structural features

like fault and fold depending on its type plays an important role in genesis of structural

landform. The influence of geologic structures on the development and appearance of

landscapes is prominent. The influence of geologic structures ranges from large features,

which exert a dominant influence on the form of an entire landscape, to small features, which

affect an individual landform and the geomorphic processes operating on it. The structural

control could be active structures whose form is directly impressed on the modern landscape

or ancient structural features whose influence on a modern landscape is due primarily to

differential erosion.

Dissected Structural Hills and Valleys

Hills and valleys, which are originated due to tectonic process and are highly dissected

by the drainage lines. This can be further classified as highly, moderately and low dissection

depending on the density of joints and drainage. Mostly this will interpreted from a

planimetric satellite data and the classification is highly subjective.

Intrusive bodies (Lines) Basic Dyke

Intrusive features that are emplaced within the pre-existing fractures or where the fluid

pressure is great enough for them to form their own fracture during emplacements. They are

discordant bodies. The concordant equivalents are sill and mostly form sheet like plutons.

Fracture/Lineament

All linear features are to be interpreted from the image. The cultural features like road,

railway line, high-tension lines etc. are to be excluded. The line segment may not be a single

continuous line; rather it has to be shown as discontinuous line segments. Line segments from

remote sensing data can be identified mainly based on their linear nature, presence of

moisture, alignment of vegetation, alignment of ponds, straight stream segments, etc.

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However, interpretation of line segments is to be done in conjunction with other diagnostic

criteria, such as channel offset, bank erosion and down-cutting of channel along lineament,

warping and displacement of sediment layer, an branching of river course, abrupt change of

river course, presence of dry channel in an active river course, channel rejuvenation and land

subsidence, linear ridges, scarp surface, linear alignment of water bodies and straight channel

segments.

Very small (magnitude) linear features frequently observed in the image. They

correspond to minor faults, fractures, joints and bedding traces in the rock.

Geomorphologically they are expressed as linear alignments of local depressions/ ponds and

tonal changes in soil and vegetation. Large linear features. Adjacent/coincides with regional

trends/ structural features. It cuts across various geomorphic units in both time and space.

1.8 Hydrogeomorphology

Hydrogeomorphology is an emerging scientific domain, mainly based on the concepts

of other scientific areas related to geosciences (e.g., geomorphology, geology, remote sensing,

hydrogeology, applied geophysics, soil and rock geotechnics, hydrology, topography,

climatology and natural hazards. It operates in an interdisciplinary field focused on the

linkage between hydrologic processes with landforms or earth materials, the interaction of

geomorphic processes relating surface water and groundwater regimen.

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Figure 1-0-2 Hydrogeomorphology Map of Durg District

Source: NRSC (District GYAN data) and ISRO BhuvanPortel

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Figure 1-0-3 Ground Water Potential Map Durg District

Source: District Gyan Data

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1.9 Soil

Soil is the mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and the countless

organisms that together support life on Earth.

Soil is a major part of the natural environment, alongside air and water, and is vital to

the existence of life on the planet. Soil is the result of the process of the gradual breakdown of

rock - the solid geology that makes up the earth. As rock becomes broken down through a

variety of processes, such as weathering and erosion, the particles become ground smaller and

smaller. As a whole, soil is made of four constituents: mineral material, organic material, air

and water. There are three main mineral parts to soil, ‗sand silt‘ and ‗clay‘. These parts give

the soil its 'mineral texture'. In addition, as leaves and other organic material fall to the ground

and decompose - there also forms an ‗organic‘ layer. Soil scientists (or pedologists) use a

series of sieves to separate out the constituent parts in order to characterise soil by texture

class.

Many natural bodies, such as plants and animals, are discrete entities, which can be

classified, and guidelines for their identification followed. Soils are much more difficult to

identify and classify than these discrete bodies for two main reasons: (i) soil is more or less a

continuum covering the land surface of the earth, not a set of discrete entities; and (ii) most of

the soil is below ground and therefore not readily visible. Soils grade into one another across

the landscape usually without sharp boundaries between one type of soil and another. Soil

surveyors who make maps of soils have to use their skills in reading changes in the landscape

coupled with auger borings in the soil to identify the nature of the soil.

There are several ways of classifying a soil, from the simple to the complex. A soil

type may be as simple as ‗a sandy soil‘ or ‗a clayey soil‘ and this is often the perception of

many land users, such as farmers or civil engineers, who see it as material they have to deal

with to achieve an end result, such as the growing of a crop of wheat, or the building a road.

Simple classifications tend to be of local and restricted relevance only. At the other end of the

spectrum is the soil scientist who needs to understand how soils have formed, which types

occur where, and for what the different types of soil can be used. The soil scientist seeks a

much broader understanding, with the aim of underpinning the use and preservation of this

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important natural resource, and this has manifested itself in a number of detailed soil

classification systems worldwide.

Soils have many important functions. Perhaps the best appreciated is the function to

support the growth of agricultural and horticultural crops. Soil is the mainstay of agriculture

and horticulture, forming as it does the medium in which growth and ultimately the yield of

food producing crops occurs. Farmers and gardeners have worked with their soils over many

centuries to produce increasing amounts of food to keep pace with the needs of a burgeoning

world population. The soil's natural cycles go a long way in ensuring that the soil can provide

an adequate physical, chemical and biological medium for crop growth. The farmer and

horticulturalist have also become skilled in managing soils so that these natural cycles can be

added to as necessary to facilitate adequate soil support and increasing yield to enhance

production.

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Table 1-0-11 Soil Type

S.No. Name of

the block

Red Soil

(Bhata) Entisols

Sandy loams

(Matasi)

Inceptisols

Dorsa

(Alfisols)

Black

(Kanhar)

vertisols Total

Area

Area % Area % Area % Area %

1 Durg 4381 12.70 8022 23.26 8925 25.88 13157 38.15 34485

2 Patan 5840 9.98 27143 46.38 14122 24.13 11420 19.51 58525

3 Dhamdha 7670 14.25 10360 19.24 15626 29.02 20183 37.49 53839

Total 17891 12.30 45525 29.63 38673 26.35 44760 31.72 146849

Source: Agriculture Dept SREP 2014-2015

1.10 Soil Depth

The mean depth of the soil layer within the sampling area is assessed by studying

conditions in the terrain, both on the test area and in its immediate vicinity. The soil depth on

the test area (humus layer + mineral soil) is specified as one of the following four classes:

Deep soil Mean soil depth greater than 70 cm. Bedrock outcrop lacking

in both the test area and its immediate vicinity with similar

topography.

Fairly shallow soil Mean soil depth 20-70 cm. Occasional visible bedrock outcrop

present. If there is only one bedrock outcrop it must lie wholly

or partly within the test area.

Very shallow soil Mean soil depth less than 20 cm. Frequent occurrence of

bedrock outcrop. At least one bedrock outcrop within the test

area. The soil may be deep within small fissures in the bedrock.

Varying soil depth Wide variation in soil depth within the test area due to broad

crevasses in the bedrock, which occasionally emerges as

outcrop at the surface.

1.11 Soil Texture

Soil texture is a qualitative classification tool used in both the field and laboratory to

determine classes for agricultural soils based on their physical texture. The classes are

distinguished in the field by the "textural feel" which can be further clarified by separating the

relative proportions of sand, silt and clay using grading sieves: The Particle-size

distribution (PSD). The class is then used to determine crop suitability and to approximate the

soils responses to environmental and management conditions such as drought

or calcium (lime) requirements

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Soil texture has an important role in nutrient management because it influences

nutrient retention. For instance, finer textured soils tend to have greater ability to store soil

nutrients.

In our discussion on soil mineral composition, we mentioned that the mineral particles

of a soil are present in a wide range of size. Recall that the fine earth fraction includes all soil

particles that are less than 2 mm. Soil particles within this fraction are further divided into the

3 separate size classes, which includes sand, silt, and clay. The size of sand particles range

between 2.0 and 0.05 mm; silt, 0.05 mm and 0.002 mm; and clay, less than 0.002 mm. Notice

that clay particles may be over one thousand times smaller than sand particles. This difference

in size is largely due to the type of parent material and the degree of weathering. Sand

particles are generally primary minerals that have not undergone much weathering. On the

other hand, clay particles are secondary minerals that are the products of the weathering of

primary minerals. As weathering continues, the soil particles break down and become smaller

and smaller.

Soil texture is the relative proportions of sand, silt, or clay in a soil. The soil textural

class is a grouping of soils based upon these relative proportions. Soils with the finest texture

are called clay soils, while soils with the coarsest texture are called sands. However, a soil that

has a relatively even mixture of sand, silt, and clay and exhibits the properties from each

separate is called a loam. There are different types of loams, based upon which soil separate is

most abundantly present. If the percentages of clay, silt, and sand in a soil are known

(primarily through laboratory analysis), you may use the textural triangle to determine the

texture class of your soil.

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Figure 1-4 Soil Texture Map of Durg District

Source: NRSC (District GYAN data and ISRO BhuvanPortel

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Table 1-0-12 Block Wise Soil Texture Distribution (% Area)

Block Durg Patan Dhamda

Coarse Loamy 1.22 9.20 25.98

Fine 8.70 13.68 12.60

Fine Loamy 7.58 14.63 15.44

Loamy skeletal 3.43 34.82 3.49

Rocky ridges/dykes 27.58 0.00 48.88

Very Fine 0.00 0.33 6.07

Grand Total 6.82 16.69 12.67

LUSI, NBSS, Indian Institute of Soil Science, Department of Land Resources

1.12 Soil Erosion

Soil Erosion is one form of soil degradation. Soil erosion is a naturally occurring

process that affects all landforms. In agriculture, soil erosion refers to the wearing away of a

field's topsoil by the natural physical forces of weather and wind or through forces associated

with farming activities such as tillage.

Erosion, whether it is by water, wind or tillage, involves three distinct actions – soil

detachment, movement and deposition. Topsoil, which is high in organic matter, fertility and

soil life, is relocated elsewhere "on-site" where it builds up over time or is carried "off-site"

where it fills in drainage channels. Soil erosion reduces cropland productivity and contributes

to the pollution of adjacent watercourses, wetlands, and lakes.

Soil erosion can be a slow process that continues relatively unnoticed or can occur at

an alarming rate, causing serious loss of topsoil. Soil compaction, low organic matter, loss of

soil structure, poor internal drainage, salinisation, and soil acidity problems are other serious

soil degradation conditions that can accelerate the soil erosion process. The greater the

intensity and duration of a rainstorm, the higher the erosion potential. The impact of raindrops

on the soil surface can break down soil aggregates and disperse the aggregate material.

Lighter aggregate materials such as very fine sand, silt, clay and organic matter are easily

removed by the raindrop splash and runoff water; greater raindrop energy or runoff amounts

are required to move larger sand and gravel particles.

Soil movement by rainfall (raindrop splash) is usually greatest and most noticeable

during short-duration, high-intensity thunderstorms. Although the erosion caused by long-

lasting and less-intense storms is not usually as spectacular or noticeable as that produced

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during thunderstorms, the amount of soil loss can be significant, especially when compounded

over time.

1.13 Land Use

Concept of Land Use

Land use is a function of four variables, land, water, air and man, each plays in its own

role in composing its life history. Land constitutes its body, water runs through its veins like

blood, air gives it oxygen and man acts as the dynamic actor to reflect its types, pattern and

distribution. Land varies in altitudes, forms and expressions. Man has played his part on land

to portray the different phases of his ties with it. The Homo sapiens moved from one

topography to another where climate, flora and fauna also changed. He used land, flora and

fauna to fit his limited wants. Men multiplied, their wants increased and become complex, the

uses of land also increased, methods and technology also changed. Man was making his own

map on the face of the earth to portray his link, adaptation, creation and destruction. Man has

cleared the forest for shifting (Jhum) cultivation. He then used the land for large-scale

farming, small-scale farming, intensive farming, mixed farming, dry farming, etc. He has used

the land for one crop or another is a minor landuse problem, but to use each plot of land for

the right cultivation under optimum conditions to obtain optimum yield is a significant

problem. Man has learnt the use of grasslands, semi-arid and arid lands to his own advantage

by applying improved methodology and utilisation of his accomplishments.

Over a period of time, basically geographic pattern of agricultural landuse are the

outcome of concurrent interaction between the variable combinations of natural condition and

human circumstances. Primarily, these are influenced by natural condition and thereafter

affected by human circumstances because of their colonizing capability. The human

circumstances are mainly responsible for dynamism in agriculture landuse or changing

cropland occupancy. Therefore, efficient cropland occupancy, say cropping pattern, implies

the most successful use of agriculture land, consequent upon development of irrigation

facilities and application of modern methods of farm technology. The key to the most

important aspect of landuse lies in the relation of population to land. The crux of the review,

therefore, refers to the study of the problems in use of land by man. According to R.H. Best,

the term land use deals with the spatial aspects of human activities on the Land and with the

way in which the land surface is adapted or could be adapted, to serve human needs. This

leads one back to the village farm and farmer, to the fields, gardens, pastures, fallow land, and

forest and to the isolated farmstead (Freeman, 1960). The land use shifts from agricultural

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uses to residential, industrial, transportation, and neighbourhood retail and service activities

due to urbanization. A true nature of these dynamic qualities in land use emerges from a

historical survey designed to reveal the successive development of inherent characteristics of

land because 'some changes are short lived whereas others represent a more constant demand'

(Jackson, 1963).

Land Use Classification

The conservation and development of land resource is in area needs special focus. It

needs well thought and rational planning, which in turn depends upon minute observation of

land use pattern. The aim of this study is clear visualization of local land environment. The

intense and focused study of the details of land use puts us in a position to conserve the

important elements of the nature, which otherwise lead in a direction of destruction and

consequently threaten the social strata. The present study focuses mainly on dimension, which

is very important from the sustainability point of view that is distribution of different groups

of land use, i.e. their ratios in the region. Therefore, it becomes very complex and diversified

to study all the groups available at micro-level, homogenous groups are generalized to reduce

the number of groups, and these simplified groups of land use are called generalized land use

classification.

World Land Use Classification mainly recognizes nine categories. These are

Settlement and Associated Non Agricultural Land, Horticulture, Tree and Permanent Crops,

Crop Land, Improved Permanent Pasture, Improved Grazing Land, Wood Land, Swamps and

Marshes, Unproductive Land.

In India, a standard classification system is yet to develop. National Atlas and The

land use classification presented by All India Soil and Land Use Survey 1970 is as follows:

1. Forest Land (F) F1 Without Canopy F2 Sparse Forest F3 General Forest F4 Fully

Stocked Top Canopy

2. Cultivated land (CC) C1 Single Cropped C2 Double Cropped C3 Triple Cropped

3. Terraced Land (T) T1 Poorly Bounded Land T2 Poor Terracing Measures T3 Bench

Terraces

4. Waste Land (W) W1 Fit for Cultivation W2 Unfit for Cultivation

5. Pasture Land (P) P Pasture and Grazing Land H Hay Land When the Grass

Periodically Cut P1 With Young Shrubs P2 With Well Grows Shrubs T Thorny Lands and

Heavy Canopy Shrubs.

Land use classification by Statistical Department of Government of India.

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I. Geographical Area - Area calculated by Survey Department.

II. Reported Area (Statistical area related to land use)

1. Forest

2. Land not Available for Cultivation

a) Land Put to Non- Agricultural Use,

b) Barren and Uncultivable Land,

3. Other Uncultivable and excluding Fallow Land

a) Permanent Pastures and Other Grazing Land,

b) Miscellaneous Tree Crops and Gardens,

c) Culturable Waste Land.

4. Fallow Land a) Fallow Other than Current Fallow b) Current Fallow

5. Cultivated Land a) Net Sown Area, b) Area Sown More Than Once.

I. Net Irrigated Area.

II. Total Irrigated Area.

The analysis of land use in the present study is based on district statistical magazine,

data available at block level and revenue office. Following categories of land use have been

recognised in the study area. In the analysis of land use pattern study has been adopted at

block level: Forest Cover, Barren and cultivable waste land, Current Fallow land, Other

Fallow land, Barren & uncultivable Land, Land put to non-agricultural Use, Pastures and

Grazing Land, Area under bush, forest & garden, Net area sown.

Built-Up Land

It is an area of human habitation developed due to non-agricultural use and that has a

cover of buildings, transport and communication, utilities in association with water,

vegetation and vacant lands. For delineating built – up land built up polygons interpreted

under settlement.

Built-Up Area (Rural)

These are the lands used for human settlement and are of size comparatively less than

the urban settlements of which more than 80% of the people are involved in the primary

activity of agriculture. All the agricultural villages covering 5 hectares area and more are

included in this category. These are the built-up areas, smaller, mainly associated with

agriculture and allied sectors and non-commercial activities with population size less than

5000, generally lack supporting facilities that are unique to urban areas like hospitals,

industries (large and medium scale), institutional etc. They appear in dark bluish green in the

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core built-up area and bluish in the periphery size varies from small to big; irregular and

discontinuous in appearance; can be seen in clusters con-contiguous or scattered.

Built-up Land (Urban)

All places with a municipality, corporation or cantonment or which are notified as

town areas and all other places, which satisfy the criteria of a minimum population of 5000, at

least 75 percent of whose male working population is non-agricultural and having a density of

population of at least 400 per sq. km. are placed under this category (Census of India). It

comprises areas of intensive use with much of the land covered by intensive use and covered

by structures. It includes residential, recreational, public & semi-public, transportation,

communication and isolated areas such as parks, playgrounds, open spaces and vegetated

areas. Dantewara city area is classified in this class.

Agricultural Land

These are the lands primarily used for farming and for production of food, fibre, and

other commercial and horticultural crops. It includes land under crops (irrigated and

unirrigated, fallow, plantation etc.).

Cropland

These are the areas with standing crop as on the date of satellite overpass. Cropped

areas appear in bright red to red in colour with varying shape and size in a contiguous to non-

contiguous pattern. They are widely distributed in different terrains; prominently appear in the

irrigated areas irrespective of the source of irrigation.

Forest

These are the areas bearing an association predominantly of trees and other vegetation

types (within the notified forest boundaries) capable of producing timber and other forest

produce. They comprise of thick and dense canopy of tall trees, which can be evergreen, semi

evergreen or deciduous (moist/dry/thorn). Evergreen forest includes both coniferous and

tropical broadleaved evergreen species and predominantly remains green throughout the year.

Semi-evergreen is a forest type that includes a combination of evergreen and deciduous

species with the former dominating the canopy cover. Deciduous forest types are of

predominantly composed of species, which shed their leaves once a year, especially during

summer. They exhibit bright red to dark red in colour in varying sizes, smooth to medium

texture depending on the crown density, contiguous to non-contiguous in pattern based on

their location. The size can be irregular and discontinuous occupying medium relief

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33

mountain/hill slopes within the notified areas. Forest blank are the openings amidst forest

areas, devoid of tree cover, observed as openings of assorted size and shapes as manifested on

the imagery. They appear in light yellow to light brown in tone, generally small in size. They

possess regular to irregular shape, scattered in the forested areas. Most of these areas are seen

along hill tops/slopes midst forest areas. Forest blanks are also to be included in this category.

Dense/Closed

This category includes all the areas where the canopy cover/density is more than 40%.

Open/Degraded

This category includes all the forest areas where the canopy cover/density ranges

between 10 – 40%.

Wastelands

Wasteland is described as degraded land which can be brought under vegetative cover

with reasonable effort and which is currently underutilized and land which is deteriorating for

lack of appropriate water and soil management or an account of natural causes. Wastelands

can result from inherent / imposed disabilities such as by location, environment.

Dense Scrub

These areas possess shallow and skeletal soils, at times chemically degraded, extremes

of slopes, severely eroded and lands subjected to excessive aridity with scrubs dominating the

landscape. They have a tendency for intermixing with cropped areas .

Open Scrub

This category has a similar description as mentioned in the earlier class excepting that

they possess sparse vegetation or devoid of scrub and have a thin soil cover.

Barren/Rocky/Stony Waste

These are rock exposures of varying lithology often barren and devoid of soil and

vegetation cover. They occur amidst hill-forests as openings or as isolated exposures on

plateau and plains. Such lands can be easily discriminated from other categories of wastelands

because of their characteristic spectral response. They appear in greenish blue to yellow to

brownish in colour depending on the rock type. They vary in size with irregular to

discontinuous shape with a linear to contiguous or dispersed pattern. They are located in steep

isolated hillocks/hill slopes, crests, plateau and eroded plains associated with barren and

exposed rocky/stony wastes, lateritic outcrops, mining and quarrying sites.

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34

Water Bodies

This category comprises areas with surface water, either impounded in the form of

ponds, lakes and reservoirs or flowing as streams, rivers, canals etc. These are seen clearly on

the satellite image in blue to dark blue or cyan colour depending on the depth of water.

River /Stream/Canal

Rivers/streams are natural course of water flowing on the land surface along a definite

channel/slope regularly or intermittently towards a sea in most cases or a lake or an inland

basin in desert areas or a marsh or another river. Depending upon the nature of availability of

water, rivers are sub-divided into perennial or seasonal. They appear in light to dark blue in

colour, long, narrow to wide depending on the size of the river. They appear in contiguous, at

times nonlinear pattern and associated with drainage pattern on hill slopes, flood plains or

uplands, at times with vegetation along the banks.

Lakes / Ponds

These are accumulation of water in a depression of various sizes either natural or

saline Lakes / ponds are those that retain water in them either for one season or throughout the

year and usually not subject to extreme fluctuation in water level. Ponds are body of water

limited in size, either natural or artificial, regular in shape, smaller in size than a lake,

generally located near settlements.

Reservoir / Tanks

Reservoir is an artificial lake created by construction of a dam across the river

specifically for irrigation, and water supply for domestic/industrial needs, flood control, etc.,

either singly or in combination. Tanks are small lakes of impounded water ways constructed

on land surface for irrigation. They appear in light blue to dark blue depending on the depth

from small to large sizes. They possess regular to irregular shape dispersed to linear,

occupying lowlands, plains. They are associated with croplands, low lands and reservoirs

surrounded by hills with or without vegetation.

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35

Table 1-0-13 Land Use Pattern in District Durg

Block Name For

est

Area

under

Non-

Agricultur

al Uses

Barren

& Un-

cultivabl

e Land

Permanen

t Pastures

and

Other

Grazing

Land

Current

Fallows

Unirrig

ated

Land

Area

Land

other than

Current

Fallows

Net

Area

Sown

Land

Under

Miscell

aneous

Tree

Crops

Culturab

le Waste

Land

DURG 0 21722 2071 4173 2097 6998 0 34485 0 0

PATAN 0 8219 2265 6973 1111 8605 0 53839 0 0

DHAMDHA 0 10091 4016 7921 3013 19971 0 58525 0 0

Grand Total 0 40032 8352 19067 6221 35574 0 146849 0 0

Source: SREP 2014-15 Durg District

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36

Figure 1-5 Land Use Map of Durg Distrit

Source: NRSC (District GYAN data and ISRO BhuvanPortel

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37

1.14 Drainage

In geomorphology, a drainage system is the pattern formed by the streams, rivers,

and lakes in a particular drainage basin. They are governed by the topography of the land,

whether a particular region is dominated by hard or soft rocks, and the gradient of the land.

Geomorphologists and hydrologists often view streams as being part of drainage basins. A

drainage basin is the topographic region from which a stream receives runoff, through flow, and

groundwater flow. Drainage basins are divided from each other by topographic barriers called

a watershed. A watershed represents all of the stream tributaries that flow to some location along

the stream channel. The number, size, and shape of the drainage basins found in an area varies

and the larger the topographic map.

The drainage length statistics based on Strahler method of drainage ordering as shown in

figure below:

Table 1-0-14 Block Wise & Stream Order Wise Drainage

Block 1 Order 2 Order 3 Order 4 Order 5 Order 6 Order 7 Order 8 Order Grand Total

Durg 431.68 229.83 144.6 67.16 4.88 17.66 0 24.48 920.29

Dhamda 279.87 124.23 91.86 29.06 20.36 22.13 28.33 21.76 617.61

Patan 855.02 301.74 152.16 109.36 61.87 48.43 26.1 0 1554.67

Source: SOI TopoSheets

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38

Figure 1-0-6 Drainage Map of Durg District

Source: NRSC (District GYAN data and ISRO Bhuvan Portal

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39

Figure 1-0-7 Watershed Map of Durg District

Source: NRSC (District GYAN data and ISRO Bhuvan Portal

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40

Figure 1-0-8 Surface Waterbody of Durg District

Source: NRSC (District GYAN data and ISRO Bhuvan Portal

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41

Figure 1-0-9 Lithology Map of Durg District

Source: NRSC (District GYAN data and ISRO Bhuvan Portal

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42

Table 1-0-15 Information Occurrence of Drought

S.N

o.

Name

of the

block

Occurren

ce of

drought /

flood /

cyclone

Year in which affected area (Last

10 years) in ha.

and Severity M / S / VS

% Cropped area affected % of farm Families affected

2008 2015 2008 2015 2008 2015

M S Vs M S V

s M S

V

s M S

V

s M S

V

s M S

V

s

1 Durg

drought 320

6

201

7

151

7

114

8 125 - 9 6 4 3.41

0.3

7 -

1

2 8 6 6.46

0.9

3 -

Flood - 10 - - - - - 0.0

3 - - - - -

0.0

1 - - - -

2 Patan

drought 525

5

689

0

539

9

574

5 - - 8 13

1

0

10.6

8 - -

1

2 16

1

4 6.89 - -

Flood - 25 - - - - - 0.0

5 - - - - -

0.0

6 - - - -

3 Dhamd

ha

drought 176

7

968

6

964

3

396

8

376

3 - 4 20

2

0 7.38 7 - 6 24

2

3

21.5

7 - -

Flood - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Source: Revenue Department Durg 2015.

M= Mild; S= Severe, VS=Very Severe (As per GOI / Sates parameter)

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43

2 Chapter - 2 District Water Profile

Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the

growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in

dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall. There is a great necessity of irrigation in

Indian agriculture. India has a great diversity and variety of climate and weather conditions.

These conditions range from extreme of heat to extreme of cold and from extreme dryness to

excessive rainfall. Irrigation is the need of Indian agriculture.

Uncertainty of Monsoon rainfall both in time and in place.

Irregularity in distribution of rainfall throughout the year.

Excessive rainfall causing flood.

Draught is an annual event in some areas.

India is a land of Rabi Crops. However, there is not rainfall in winter months.

Some soils need more water.

Introduction of H.Y.V seeds and multiple cropping need water throughout the

year.

The types of Irrigation mainly practiced in India are:

Tanks

(a) Sichhni (b) Donga

Well

(a) Dug well (b) Tube Well (i) Shallow (ii) Deep

Canal

(a) Perennial (b) Non-Perennial

2.1 Crop Water Requirement

Crop water requirement is the water required by the plants for its survival, growth,

development and to produce economic parts. This requirement is applied either naturally by

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44

precipitation or artificially by irrigation. Hence, the crop water requirement includes all losses

like: a) Transpiration loss through leaves (T) b) Evaporation loss through soil surface in cropped

area (E) c) Amount of weather used by plants (WP) for its metabolic activities whichis estimated

as less than 1% of the total water absorption. These three components cannot be separated so

easily. Hence the ET loss is taken as crop water use or crop water consumptive use. d) Other

application losses are conveyance loss, percolation loss, runoff loss, etc., (WL). e) The water

required for special purposes (WSP) like puddling operation, ploughing operation, land

preparation, leaching, requirement, for the purpose of weeding, for dissolving fertilizer and

chemical, etc. Hence the water requirement is symbolically represented as:

WR = T + E + WP + WL + WSP

(The other application losses and special purposes are mostly indented for wet land

cultivation. Hence for irrigated dry land crop the ET loss alone is accounted for crop water

requirement). The estimations of the water requirement of crop are one of the basic needs for

crop planning on the farm and for the planning of any irrigation project.

Table 2-1 Durg District Crop Irrigation Status

Crops

Area

sown

(ha)

Irrigated

area (ha)

Crop

water

demand

(mm)

Crop

water

demand

- 2011

(BCM)

Ultimate

water

potential

required

Existing

water

potential

Existing

water

potential

after

Domestic+

Livestock+

Industry

demand

Ultimate

water

potential

to be

created

Current

+ Target

@ 5% of

NCA

Water

potential

to be

created

Cereals 138400 111938 1000 1.11938 3.114 0.22415 0.191165 2.922835 2.97145 2.780285

Coarse cereals 1947 1707 450 0.007682 0.019713 0.009131 0.007787 0.011926 0.020299 0.012512

Pulses 32059 11121 500 0.055605 0.360664 0.005178 0.004416 0.356247 0.159049 0.154633

Oilseeds 8260 671 500 0.003355 0.092925 0.057285 0.048856 0.044069 0.01355 -0.03531

Cotton 497 423 1000 0.00423 0.011183 0.02523 0.021517 -0.01033 0.011196 -0.01032

Horticulture 11051 9794 900 0.088146 0.223783 0.02523 0.021517 0.202265 0.232797 0.21128

Vegetables 0 0 550 0 0 0.02523 0.021517 -0.02152 0 -0.02152

Any other 0 0 600 0 0 0.02523 0.021517 -0.02152 0 -0.02152

Total 192214 135654 5500 1.278398 3.822267 0.441566 0.324597 3.49767 3.408342 3.083745

Source: DAP, Agriculture Statistics

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45

Graph 2-1 Durg District Crop Irrigation Status

2.2 Production and Productivity of Major Crops:

Table 2-2 Production and Productivity of the Blocks in Durg District

Sr.

No Blo

ck

Season

Crop sown Irrigated Rainfed Total

Cereals Coarse

Cereals Pulses

Oil

Seeds

Area

(ha)

Production

(qtn/yr)

Productivity

or Yield

(kgs/ha)

Cost of

Cultivati

on

(Rs./ha)

Producti

on

(qtn/yr

Productivati

on (Rs./ha)

Producti

on

(qtn/yr)

Productivity

(Kgs/ha)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

1

Du

rg

A. Kharif

Paddy - - - 9682 446049 46.07 26728 923137 44.45 1369186

- - Arhar - - - - - - - 2537 8.6

- - - Soybean - - - - - - 301 3.86

B. Rabi

Wheat - - - 921 15251 16.56 - 3837 11.27 19088 11.34

Gram - 1397 15981 11.44 21980 - - 1203 4.33

Mustard 281 1910 6.8

- - - -

Summer - - - - - - - - - - - -

Horticultural

& Plantation - - - - 2512 - - - - - - -

Total - - - - - -

926974

2

Pa

tan

A. Kharif

Paddy - - - 20789 1082483 52.07 25940 1438954 46.23 - -

Arhar - - - - - - - 2881 5.94

Soybean - - - - - - 594 3.26

B. Rabi Wheat

739 12363 16.73

2998 14.7 - -

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

Cereals Coarsecereals

Pulses Oilseeds Cotton Horticulture Vegetables Any other

Ultimate water potential required Existing water potential Water potential to be created

DRAFT

46

Sr.

No Blo

ck

Season

Crop sown Irrigated Rainfed Total

Cereals Coarse

Cereals Pulses

Oil

Seeds

Area

(ha)

Production

(qtn/yr)

Productivity

or Yield

(kgs/ha)

Cost of

Cultivati

on

(Rs./ha)

Producti

on

(qtn/yr

Productivati

on (Rs./ha)

Producti

on

(qtn/yr)

Productivity

(Kgs/ha)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Gram

1417 14850 10.48 22443 - - 6222 9.83

Mustard - - 6.74

- - 8329 8.15

Summer

- - - -

- - - -

Horticultural

& Plantation 2036 - -

- - - -

Total

1441952 - - -

3

Dh

am

dh

a

A. Kharif

Paddy - - - 24657 1206713 48.94 26310 822307 45.88 - -

Arhar - - - - - - - 12085 9.41

Soybean - - - - - - 34636 6.14

B. Rabi

Wheat

- - 4085 100000 24.48 - 881 22.03 - -

Gram - 11881 184155 15.5 22100 - - 38.71 8.9

Mustard 267 1596 5.98 - - - 214 3.75

Summer

- - - - - - - - - - -

Horticultural

& Plantation - - - 7346 - - - - - - -

Total

- - - - - - - 823188 - - -

Source: DAP, Agriculture Statistics

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47

Table 2-3 Irrigated and Un irrigated Area (Ha.)

S.No. Name Of Block

Irrigated (Area in ha) Rainfed (Area in ha)

Gross Irrigated

Area

Net Irrigated

Area

Partially Irrigated/

Protective

Irrigation

Un-Irrigated or

Totally Rainfed

1 DURG 32513 26570 350 6648

2 PATAN 51956 45170 430 8175

3 DHAMDHA 51185 33748 1000 18971

TOTAL 135654 105488 1780 33794

Source: DAP, Agriculture Statistics

Graph 2-2 Irrigated and Unirrigated Area

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Gross Irrigated Area Net Irrigated Area Partially Irrigated/Protective Irrigation

Un-Irrigated or TotallyRainfed

DURG PATAN DHAMDHA

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48

Table 2-4 Crop Wise and Block Wise Irrigated and Rain-fed Area in Durg Disttrict (in ha)

S.

Block

Cereals Pulses Oil Seeds Fibre Hort &

Plantation Total

No. IR RF IR RF IR RF IR RF IR RF IR RF

1 DURG 12463 21155 1467 5336 285 407 72 - 2512 - 16799 26898

2 PATAN 28111 31408 1417 9342 705 996 24 - 2036 - 32293 41866

3 DHAMDHA 29502 18098 12436 3655 267 5929 741 - 7346 1534 50292 29216

TOTAL 70076 70661 15320 18333 1257 7332 837 - 11894 1534 99384 97980

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49

3 Chapter - 3 Water Availability

3.1 Surface Water Scenario

Surface water is water on the surface of the planet such as in a stream, river, lake,

wetland, or pond/tank. It can be contrasted with groundwater and atmospheric water. Non-saline

surface water is replenished by precipitation and by recruitment from ground-water. It is lost

through evaporation, seepage into the ground where it becomes ground-water, used by plants for

transpiration, extracted by mankind for agriculture, living, industry etc. or discharged to the sea

where it becomes saline.

To derive Surface Water volume basically, we measure volumes and surface areas of a

set of farm ponds and tanks, and then develop relationships between surface areas and volumes.

After that using these relationships, calculated volumes of the whole study region surface

waterbodies based on our remote-sensing surface area.

3.2 Status of Surface Water Availability

Surface water is water that is found in lakes, rivers, streams, ponds, and other natural

watercourses. This valuable resource provides drinking water, water supply, and supports

important industries such as fishing, farming and electric power generation. Surface water

supports various recreational activities such as swimming and boating, and provides habitat for

aquatic life. Overall, a clean, abundant supply of surface water supports the health of humans and

aquatic ecosystems, a strong economy, and provides a high quality of life for any region.

Table 3-1 Block Wise Water Potential

Blocks Existing water availability (BCM)

Surface water Ground water

DURG 0.0418 0.01326

PATAN 0.1106 0.01003

DHAMDHA 0.2522 0.01360

Total 0.4047 0.0369

Source :District Irrigation and Agriculture office Records

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50

Graph 3-1 Status of Surface Water Availability

3.3 Status of Ground Water Availability

Estimation of Ground Water Resources has been carried out based on the methodology

recommended by the Groundwater Estimation Committee (GEC‘97). A ground water resource of

the entire state has been computed by CGWB (CGWB, NCCR, 2011) for the year 2008-2009.

Salient features of the estimation of ground water resources are described below. The present

computations pertain to the ground water year 2008-09. The resources have been computed

block wise. Areas having slope more than 20 % were excluded from recharge computations.

Ground water recharge and draft were computed separately for command and non-command

areas. The present Ground Water Development in the district has been calculated for command

area and non-command area separately for each block. All the blocks in the study area have been

categorized as safe from ground water abstraction point of view.

The general slope of the district comes under Mahanadi river slope and is towards the

north and north east and locally in some places towards east. The main rivers of Mahanadi are

Sheonath, Kharun, Tandula, Kharkhara and Aamner. Sheonath is the main river of the district

which originates from Panabaras Hill (625 M) and flows towards north-east. This river is the

main tributary of Mahanadi River. The total length of the Sheonath river is 345 km. The length

of Sheonath river in Durg district is 120 km. The main tributary of Sheonath river is Tandula

river. This river originates from hills situated in the north of Bhanupratappur (District- Kanker).

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35P

erc

en

t Surface Water Availability (%)

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51

3.4 Water Level Scenario

As a part of National Hydrograph Network Observation Stations (NHS), 39 no of dug

wells and 25 no of piezometers are established to monitor water levels four times in a year i.e. in

January, May (Pre-monsoon0, August and in November (post-monsoon). The dug well depths

are varying form 6.2 to 20.81 mbgl. These monitoring wells are distributed throughout the

district covering all the lithological formations.

3.5 Ground Water Resources

The total ground w`ater recharge from all the sources is 91611.99 ham. The net available

resource is 87031.37 ham. Existing gross ground water draft for all purposes is 59886.4 ham out

of which 55402.34 ham is for irrigation and 4484.12 ham is for domestic and industrial water

supply. The stage of the ground water development in the district is 68.81 %. The block Durg

(83.74 %) and Dhamdha (78.98 %) blocks categorized as semi critical block.

3.6 Ground Water Quality

The quality of groundwater in the district is suitable for drinking as well as irrigation

purposes.

3.7 Ground Water Management Strategy

The Durg Block (83.74 %) and Dhamdha (78.98 %) blocks. However, the areas where

the depth to the water levels during the post monsoon period are more than 3 m and having a

decline trend of water level require immediate attention to regain the water levels or to maintain

the water levels irrespective of development activities in the area in future. To achieve this target

artificial recharge to the ground water is one of the solutions, which may be taken up in these

areas. These areas are mostly in Durg, and Dhamdha blocks and are suitable for artificial

recharge (Plate-VI). The rainwater can be harvested by percolation tank and the ground water

can be recharged by recharge shaft method. The shale-covered areas can be recharged by

injection well method. From ground water contour map it can be observed that the flow of

ground water is towards the major drainage indicating that the water in the river is nothing but

the base flow. So suitable obstruction structures may be constructed on the tributaries of major

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52

rivers like Tandula, Kharun andSeonath to check the base flow which can enhance the pre

monsoon depth to water level in the district Recommendations:-

It has been observed that the crop water applied for paddy in the district (1.12m) is at the

much higher side than the crop water requirement (0.69m) thereby wasting a lot of water as

paddy is the main crop in the district. Efficient irrigation practices and proper awareness can

create more irrigation potential and bring more area under irrigation.

Technical input for well construction in alluvium covered hard rock area and for highly

cavernous zone can help obtaining good yield and successful construction of wells in this area in

the district. Combination type of rigs can successfully drill wells in these areas.

Large diameter dug wells are recommended as the ground water abstraction structures in

the areas underlain by granites and older metamorphic. Similarly dug wells with bore at the

bottom are recommended in the low yielding shale area.

Improper waste disposal in the areas underlain by limestone and dolomite in and around

Durg, Dhamdha may cause ground water pollution as the solution channels formed in these rocks

act as conduits for direct recharge of surface water to ground water and hence require attention.

The flow of ground water is observed to be towards the major drainage indicating that the

water in the river is nothing but the base flow. So suitable obstruction structures may be

constructed on the tributaries of major rivers like Hasdeo, Borai, Son to check the base flow

which can enhance the pre monsoon depth to water level in the district.

In parts of the Patan blocks, rainwater harvesting and artificial recharge measures are to

be taken to regain the water levels or to maintain the water levels irrespective of development

activities in the area in future. Conjunctive use study should be taken up to avoid water logging

condition in the areas underlain by shale and crystalline under canal command.

DRAFT

53

Table 3-2 Block Wise Salient Features of Ground Water

Block

Natural

Discharge

During

non

Mansoon

Period in

Ham

Net

Ground

Water

Availabilit

y

Existing

Gross

Ground

Water

Draft for

Irrigation

Existing

Gross

Ground

Water

Draft for

Domestic

&

Industrial

Water

Supply in

Ham

Existing

Gross

Ground

Water

Draft for

All Uses in

Ham

Allocati

on For

Domesti

c &

Industri

al Water

Supply

in Ham

Net Ground

Water

Availability

for Future

Irrigation

Developmen

t in Ham

Stage of

Ground

Water

Development

in %

Dhamdha 10682.91 10148.76 7145.0132 624.44 7769.4532 655.72 2348.0268 76.56

Durg 6630.87 6299.33 4700.9475 453.25 5154.1975 586.25 1012.1325 81.82

Patan 8972.45 8523.82 5984.6608 430.32 6414.9808 478.1 2061.0592 75.26

Source: CGWB

Graph 3-2 Block wise salient features of Ground Water

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

Natural Discharge Ground WaterAvailability

Ground WaterDraft for Irrigation

Draft for Domestic& Industrial

Draft for All Uses inHam

Dhamdha Durg Patan

DRAFT

54

Table 3-3 Block Wise Command &Non Command Area in Durg

Name of

the Block

Information of Canal Command Information on the other Services

Command Total Area

Total

Area

Developed

Area

Undeveloped

Area

Total

Area

Developed

Area

Undeveloped

Area

Developed

Command

Durg 1522.88 961.59 348.10 256.45 256.45 0.00 1218.04

Patan 3459.02 450.00 571.56 1021.56 1584.63 571.56 1584.63

Dhamdha 7376.90 2138.54 2585.91 1278.01 1841.08 571.56 3529.62

Source- Irrigation Department Durg District

Table 3-4 Block Wise Status of Command area in Durg

S.N

o Name of the Village

Information of Canal Command Information on the other Services

Command Total Area

Total

Area

Develope

d Area

Undevelope

d Area

Total

Area

Develope

d Area

Undevelope

d Area

Developed

Command

UnDevelope

d Command

Tandula Water Resources Sub Division Block.-Durg Distt. Durg

1 Bhendarwani Tank

1. Bhendarwani 84.17 84.17 0 0 0 0 84.17 0

2. Damoda 54.68 0 54.68 0 0 0 0 54.68

3. Khursidih 101.97 101.97 0 0 0 0 101.97 0

4. Borai 67.18 0 67.18 0 0 0 0 67.18

Total 308.00 186.14 121.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 186.14 121.86

2. Borai Diversion

1. Borai 135.00 38.06 96.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 38.06 96.94

135.00 38.06 96.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 38.06 96.94

3. Dhanora Tank

1. Khamhariya 147.07 147.07 0 0 0 0 147.07 0

2. Dhanora 8.47 8.47 0 0 0 0 8.47 0

Total 155.54 155.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 155.54 0.00

4. Tirga Tank

1. Tirga 70.00 55.85 14.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 55.85 14.15

70.00 55.85 14.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 55.85 14.15

5. Vinayakpur Tank

1. Vinayakpur 86.20 86.20 14.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.20 14.15

DRAFT

55

S.N

o Name of the Village

Information of Canal Command Information on the other Services

Command Total Area

Total

Area

Develope

d Area

Undevelope

d Area

Total

Area

Develope

d Area

Undevelope

d Area

Developed

Command

UnDevelope

d Command

Total 86.20 86.20 14.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.20 14.15

6. Bharda Tank

1. Khursidih 101.00 0.00 101.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 101.00

Total 101.00 0.00 101.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 101.00

7. Bhendsar Nala Tank

1. Bhendsar 105.43 105.43 0.00 219.57 219.57 0.00 325.00 0.00

Total 105.43 105.43 0.00 219.57 219.57 0.00 325.00 0.00

8. Bhendsar Tank

1. Bhendsar 20.12 20.12 0.00 36.88 36.88 0.00 57.00 0.00

Total 20.12 20.12 0.00 36.88 36.88 0.00 57.00 0.00

9. Anda Tank

1. Anda 62.25 62.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 62.25 0.00

Total 62.25 62.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 62.25 0.00

10. Rishama L.P.Tank

1. Rishama 49.72 49.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 49.72 0.00

2. Matwari 4.98 4.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.98 0.00

3. Chhirpoti 7.66 7.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.66 0.00

Total 62.36 62.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 62.36 0.00

11. Rishama L.P.Tank

1. Khapree 59.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

2. Kopedih 8.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3. Anjora (Raj) 66.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

4.Anjora Durg 93.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 227.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

12. Birejhar Diversion

1. Birejhar 129.45 129.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 129.45 0.00

Total 129.45 129.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 129.45 0.00

13. Khapree Tank

1. Khapree 60.19 60.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 60.19 0.00

Total 60.19 60.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 60.19 0.00

Gr. Total 1522.8 961.59 348.10 256.45 256.45 0.00 1218.04 348.10

DRAFT

56

S.N

o Name of the Village

Information of Canal Command Information on the other Services

Command Total Area

Total

Area

Develope

d Area

Undevelope

d Area

Total

Area

Develope

d Area

Undevelope

d Area

Developed

Command

UnDevelope

d Command

8

Tandula Water Resources Sub Division No. 3 Block.-PATAN Distt. Durg

14. Gujra Diversion

1. Pendar 522.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 144.13 0.00 144.13 0.00

2. Akhara 206.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 75.22 0.00 75.22 0.00

3. Atari 224.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 66.21 0.00 66.21 0.00

Total 954.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 285.56 0.00 285.56 0.00

15. Jheet Tank

1. Jheet 304.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 78.21 0.00 78.21 0.00

Total 304.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 78.21 0.00 78.21 0.00

16. Khurmudi

Tank

1. Khurmudi 787.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 448.28 0.00 448.28 0.00

Total 787.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 448.28 0.00 448.28 0.00

17. Changori

Diversion

1. Changori 390.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 322.58 0.00 322.58 0.00

Total 390.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 322.58 0.00 322.58 0.00

18 Balodi Tank 246.45 200.00 46.45 246.45 200.00 46.45 200.00 46.45

19 Kashahi Tank 183.12 150.00 33.11 183.11 150.00 33.11 150.00 33.11

20 Matiya Diversion 145.00 100.00 45.00 145.00 100.00 45.00 100.00 45.00

21 Mokhali Diversion 447.00 0.00 447.00 447.00 0.00 447.00 0.00 447.00

Grand Total

3459.0

2 450.00 571.56

1021.5

6 1584.63 571.56 1584.63 571.56

Tandula Water Resources Sub Division No. 4, Durg , Dist.-Durg, Block -Dhamdha

22. Surdung

Tank

1. Surdung 69.00 69.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 69.00 0.00

Total 69.00 69.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 69.00 0.00

23. Mohandi Tank

1. Mohandi 0.00 10.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 0.00

2. Ringani 0.00 58.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 58.00 0.00

3. Nandoli 0.00 104.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 104.00 0.00

DRAFT

57

S.N

o Name of the Village

Information of Canal Command Information on the other Services

Command Total Area

Total

Area

Develope

d Area

Undevelope

d Area

Total

Area

Develope

d Area

Undevelope

d Area

Developed

Command

UnDevelope

d Command

Total 185.00 172.00 13.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 172.00 13.00

24. Ringani Nala

Diversion

1. Datir 14.00 14.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.00 0.00

2. Nandori 53.00 53.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 53.00 0.00

Total 67.00 67.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 67.00 0.00

25. Medesara Diversion

1. Medesara 98.00 98.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 98.00 0

Total 98.00 98.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 98.00 0.00

26. Janjgiri Diversion

1. Janjgiri 96.00 96.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 96.00 0.00

Total 98.00 96.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 96.00 0.00

27. Gota Tank

1. Gota 121.00 0.00 121.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 121.00

Total 121.00 0.00 121.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 121.00

28. Panchdewari Tank

1. Panchdewari 0.00 98.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - -

2. Sankara 0.00 28.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 126.00 -

Total 0.00 126.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 126.00 0.00

29. Kapsada

Tank

1. Kapsada - 55.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 55.00 -

Total 0.00 55.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 55.00 -

Sub-Division Dhamdha

30. Akoli Tank

1. Barahpur 485.00 119.72 365.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 119.72 365.28

31. Dodlhi tank 0.00 0.00 0.00

1. Dhodki, Chicha 91.00 0.00 91.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 91.00

32. Nandway

tank 0.00 0.00 0.00

1. Nandway 121.00 72.60 48.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 72.60 48.60

33. Nandeli

tank 0.00 0.00 0.00

DRAFT

58

S.N

o Name of the Village

Information of Canal Command Information on the other Services

Command Total Area

Total

Area

Develope

d Area

Undevelope

d Area

Total

Area

Develope

d Area

Undevelope

d Area

Developed

Command

UnDevelope

d Command

1. nandeli, Bharni 64.00 0.00 64.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 64.00

34. Tengna

Diversion 0.00 0.00 0.00

1. Navagaon,

Rahtalah 82.00 32.63 49.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.63 49.37

35. Gorpa tank

0.00 0.00 0.00

1. Gorpa 121.00 0.00 121.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 121.00

36. konka tank 0.00 0.00 0.00

1. Konka 81.00 0.00 81.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 81.00

37. Paraskol

Tank 0.00 0.00 0.00

1. Konka 101.00 0.00 101.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 101.00

38. Kokdi Tank 0.00 0.00 0.00

1. Kokdi 178.00 0.00 178.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 178.00

39. Thelka

Diversion 0.00 0.00 0.00

1. Thelka 101.00 0.00 101.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 101.00

40. Ghotha

Diversion 0.00 0.00 0.00

1. Ghota, Kherjhiti 186.00 0.00 186.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 186.00

41. Rota tank 0.00 0.00 0.00

1. Rota, Birejhar,

khaira 146.00 0.00 146.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 146.00

Total 2395.00 726.95 1666.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 726.95 1666.25

Grand Total 7376.90 2138.54 2585.91 1278.01 1841.08 571.56 3529.62 2585.91

DRAFT

59

Table 3-5 Summary of Category Assessment units Chhattisgarh (As on March' 2013)

S.No District No. Block

Stage of Ground

water

development %

Categorisation

1 Balod

1 Balod 75.73 Semi-Critical

2 Gurur 103.26 Over

Exploited

2 Bemetara 1 Bemetara 75.45 Semi-Critical

2 Saja 80.58 Semi-Critical

3 Bilaspur 1 Belha 76.62 Semi-Critical

2 Takhatpur 78.40 Semi-Critical

4 Dhamtari

1 Dhamtari 90.08 Critical

2 Kurud 78.34 Semi-Critical

3 Nagari 84.65 Semi-Critical

5 Durg

1 Dhamdha 77.81 Semi-Critical

2 Durg 90.60 Semi-Critical

3 Patan 77.73 Semi-Critical

6 Gariyaband 1 Rajim 74.39 Semi-Critical

7 JanjgirChampa 1 Malkhroda 81.64 Semi-Critical

8 Kawardha 1 Kawardha 75.21 Semi-Critical

2 Pandariya 75.61 Semi-Critical

9 Raigarh 1 Baramkela 98.73 Critical

2 Pussore 76.15 Semi-Critical

10 Raipur 1 Dharsiwa 73.06 Semi-Critical

11 Rajnandgaon 1 Dongargaon 86.90 Semi-Critical

2 Rajnandgaon 82.96 Semi-Critical

Total Assessment Unit 146

1 Block Over Exploited

2 Blocks Critical

18 Blocks Semi - Critical

Source: CGWB Reports

DRAFT

60

Table 3-6 Irrigated Area with Different Sources, District-Durg (Unit Ha)

District Canal Tank Well Tubewell Nallah,

River

and

Others

Total

Irrigated

Area

Durg Number

Irrigated Number

Irrigated Number

Irrigated Number

Irrigated

Area Area Area Area

148 55087 56 709 1084 788 30426 44320 4683 105587

Source: CADA, CGWB

Graph 3-5 Irrigated area with different sources

From The above Graph and Table it is clear that in Durg District Canal and Tubewells are the

main source of Irrigation.

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Canal Tank Well Tubewell Nallah, River andOthers

DRAFT

61

4 Chapter- 4 -Water Requirement/ Demand

4.1 Domestic Water Demand

According to Froukh the term ‗domestic water demand‘ is the amount of water

required for domestic uses. Water demand forecasting is essential to water utilities, both for

day-to-day operations and for long-term planning. A number of factors like climate, culture,

food habits, work and working conditions, level and type of development, and physiology

determine the requirement of water. As per the Bureau of Indian Standards, a minimum water

supply of 200 litres per capita per day (lpcd) should be provided for domestic consumption in

cities with full flushing systems. It also mentions that the amount of water supply may be

reduced to 135 lpcd for the LIG and the economically weaker sections (EWS) of the society

and in small towns. All the calculation in this DIP is done by assuming the water demand

135lpcd.

Table 4-1 Domestic Water Requirement/Demand

District Block Name

Population 2011 Population 2025 GWD 2011

(BCM)

GWD 2025

(BCM)

Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total

Rural:

60lpd;Urban

: 80lpd

Rural:

100lpd;Urban

: 135lpd

DURG

DURG 200696 926035 1126731 242842 1120502 1363345 0.03144 0.06410

PATAN 212061 113166 325227 256594 136931 393525 0.00795 0.01612

DHAMDHA 204491 65499 269990 247434 79254 326688 0.00639 0.01294

Total 617248 1104700 1721948 746870 1336687 2083557 0.04577 0.09316

Source: Based on Calculation

DRAFT

62

Graph 4-1 Domestic Water Requirement/Demand

From The above Graph It is clear that there will be huge water demand in Durg

Average Domestic Water consumption Calculated

Sr. No. Use Consumption in Liter per

persion per day

1 Drinking 5

2 Cooking 5

3 Bathing (including ablution) 55

4 Washing Cloths 20

5 Washing of Utentials 10

6 Cleaning of Houses 10

7 Flushing of Latrines 30

Total 135

Source: Central Public Health and Environmental engineering organisation

(CPHEEO India Water Portal)

Source: Based on Calculation

0.000

0.010

0.020

0.030

0.040

0.050

0.060

0.070

DURG PATAN DHAMDHA

Gro

ss W

ate

r D

em

and

(B

CM

) Domestic water demand - Durg

2011 2025

DRAFT

63

Graph 4-2 Consumption of Water per Person

Total Population for District Durg in 2011 was 1721948, growth rate for district is

12.16 % per decade, projected population in 2025 is 2083557.

Average Per capita Domestic water requirement is 135 liters per day, Based on this

information Gross water Demand for Whole District in current year is .04577 BCM per

annum. The projected gross water demand in 2025 will be 0.09316 BCM for per annum. Thus

water gap is 0.04738 BCM for district Durg per anum.

4.2 Crop Water Demand:

It is essential to know the water requirement of a crop which isthe total quantity of

water required from its sowing time up to harvest. Naturally different crops may have

different water requirements at different places of the same country, depending upon the

climate, type of soil, method of cultivation, effective rain etc. The total water required for

crop growth isnot uniformly distributed over its entire life span which is also called crop

period.Actually, the watering stops same time before harvest and the time duration from the

first irrigation during sowing up to the last before harvest is called base period. Though crop

period is slightly more than the base period, they do not differ from practical purposes.

The total depth of water required to raise a crop over a unit area of land is usually

called delta. Some typical values of delta for common crops in some regions of India are as

follows:

Rice

•1000mm to 1500mm for heavy soils or high water table

•1500mm to 2000mm for medium soils

•2000 to 2500 for light soils or deep water table

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Drinking Cooking Bathing(includingabloution)

WashingCloths

Washing ofUtentials

Cleaning ofHouses

Flushing ofLaterines

Wat

er

Re

qu

ire

me

nt

Uses

Consumption in Liter per persion per day

DRAFT

64

•1600mm for upland conditions

Wheat

•250mm to 400mm in northern India

•500mm to 600mm in Central India

Barley: 450mm

Maize

•100mm during rainy season

•500mm during winter season

•900mm during summer season

•Cotton: 400 – 500mm

Sugarcane

•1400mm to 1500mm in Bihar

•1600mm to 1700mm in Andhra Pradesh

•1700mm to 1800mm in Punjab

•2200mm to 2400mm in Madhya Pradesh

•2800mm to 3000mm in Maharashtra

This information is based on Handbook of Agriculture(fifth edition, 2000) published

by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research.

Crop water requirement is calculated based on water depth required for each crop and

area sown given in table 4.2.

DRAFT

65

Block Wise Crop Water Requirement of The District Durg

Table 4-2 Crop Water Requirement For Block Durg

Crops

Area

sown

(ha)

Irriga

ted

area

(ha)

Crop

water

demand

(mm)

Crop

water

demand -

2011

(BCM)

Ultimate

water

potential

required

Existing

water

potential

Existing

water

potential

after

Domestic+

Livestock+

Industry

demand

Ultimate water

potential to be

created

Current +

Target @

5% of NCA

Water

potential to be

created

Cereals 34591 28186 1000 0.28186 0.7782975 0.28006947 0.238856342 0.539441158 0.74788875 0.509032408

Coarse

cereals 352 325 450 0.0014625 0.003564 0.011408906 0.009730048 -0.006166048 0.00385425 -0.005875798

Pulses 6767 1452 500 0.00726 0.07612875 0.006470381 0.005518244 0.070610506 0.022379375 0.016861131

Oilseeds 752 186 500 0.00093 0.00846 0.071576594 0.061043867 -0.052583867 0.002795 -0.058248867

Cotton 49 45 1000 0.00045 0.0011025 0.031524247 0.026885352 -0.025782852 0.00118625 -0.025699102

Horticulture 2445 2319 900 0.020871 0.04951125 0.031524247 0.026885352 0.022625898 0.054928125 0.028042773

Vegetables 0 0 550 0 0 0.091271246 0.077840387 -0.077840387 0 -0.077840387

Any other 0 0 600 0 0 0.091271246 0.077840387 -0.077840387 0 -0.077840387

Total 44956 32513 5500 0.3128335 0.917064 0.055068 0.019617727 0.936681727 0.83303175 0.852649477

Source : Based on computation

Graph 4-3 Crop Requirement For Durg Block

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

Ultimate water potential required Existing water potential Water potential to be created

DRAFT

66

Table 4-3 Crop Water Requirement for Block Patan

Crops

Area

sown

(ha)

Irrigated

area (ha)

Crop

water

demand

(mm)

Crop

water

demand

- 2011

(BCM)

Ultimate

water

potential

required

Existing

water

potential

Existing

water

potential

after

Domestic+

Livestock+

Industry

demand

Ultimate

water

potential to

be created

Current +

Target @

5% of NCA

Water

potential to

be created

Cereals 55988 47567 1000 0.47567 1.25973 0.28006947 0.238856342 1.020873658 1.25916 1.020303658

Coarse cereals 1361 1282 450 0.005769 0.013780125 0.011408906 0.009730048 0.004050077 0.015188063 0.005458014

Pulses 11226 759 500 0.003795 0.1262925 0.006470381 0.005518244 0.120774256 0.01650375 0.010985506

Oilseeds 1507 336 500 0.00168 0.01695375 0.071576594 0.061043867 -0.044090117 0.005141875 -0.055901992

Cotton 24 24 1000 0.00024 0.00054 0.031524247 0.026885352 -0.026345352 0.00063 -0.026255352

Horticulture 2009 1988 900 0.017892 0.04068225 0.031524247 0.026885352 0.013796898 0.046990125 0.020104773

Vegetables 0 0 550 0 0 0.091271246 0.077840387 -0.077840387 0 -0.077840387

Any other 0 0 600 0 0 0.091271246 0.077840387 -0.077840387 0 -0.077840387

Total 72115 51956 5500 0.505046 1.457978625 0.12067 -0.019617727 1.477596352 1.343613813 1.363231539

Source : Based on computation

Graph 4-4 Crop Requirement For Patan Block

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

Ultimate water potential required Existing water potential Water potential to be created

DRAFT

67

Table 4-4 Crop Water Requirement for Block Dhamdha

Crops

Area

sown

(ha)

Irrigated

area (ha)

Crop

water

demand

(mm)

Crop

water

demand

- 2011

(BCM)

Ultimate

water

potential

required

Existing

water

potential

Existing

water

potential

after

Domestic+

Livestock+

Industry

demand

Ultimate

water

potential

to be

created

Current

+ Target

@ 5%

of NCA

Water

potential

to be

created

Cereals 47821 36185 1000 0.36185 1.075973 0.280069 0.238856 0.837116 0.964401 0.725545

Coarse cereals 234 100 450 0.00045 0.002369 0.011409 0.00973 -0.00736 0.001257 -0.00847

Pulses 14066 8910 500 0.04455 0.158243 0.00647 0.005518 0.152724 0.120166 0.114648

Oilseeds 6001 149 500 0.000745 0.067511 0.071577 0.061044 0.006467 0.005613 -0.05543

Cotton 424 354 1000 0.00354 0.00954 0.031524 0.026885 -0.01735 0.00938 -0.01751

Horticulture 6597 5487 900 0.049383 0.133589 0.031524 0.026885 0.106704 0.130879 0.103994

Vegetables 0 0 550 0 0 0.091271 0.07784 -0.07784 0 -0.07784

Any other 0 0 600 0 0 0.091271 0.07784 -0.07784 0 -0.07784

Total 75143 51185 5500 0.460518 1.447225 0.265828 0.250051 1.197173 1.231696 0.981645

Source Based On Computation

Graph 4-5 Crop Requirement For Dhamdha Block

4.3 Livestock Water Demand:

Global trend in animal production indicates a rapid and massive increase in

theconsumption of livestock products. It is predicted that meat and milk consumptionwill

grow at 2.8 and 3.3% per annum, respectively, in developing countries like Indiawhere the

whole system of rural economy has revolved around livestock production. Providing enough

quality water is essential for good livestock husbandry. Water makes up 80% of the blood,

regulates body temperature and is vital for organ functions such as digestion, waste removal

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

Ultimate water potential required Existing water potential Water potential to be created

DRAFT

68

and the absorption of nutrients. Understanding daily livestock watering needs is key when

designing a livestock watering system.

The daily water requirement of livestock varies significantly among animal species.

The animal's size and growth stage will have a strong influence on daily water intake.

Consumption rates can be affected by environmental and management factors. Air

temperature, relative humidity and the level of animal exertion or production level are

examples of these factors. The quality of the water, which includes temperature, salinity and

impurities affecting taste and odour, will also have an effect. The water content of the animal's

diet will influence its drinking habits. Feed with a relatively high moisture content decreases

the quantity of drinking water required.

Given that drinking water needs are species-, farm- and management-specific, many

producers today are opting to install water-metering equipment to obtain accurate

measurements of water use. If medication is ever provided through the livestock's watering

system, the meter can be used to ensure proper dose rates.

Table 4.3 gives block water demand for livestock for current year and for 2020.

Number of livestock as per 2011 census is 5347579. Estimation is done based on livestock

water demand which is different for types of animals. There is no additional water

requirement as stored water is more than water requirement. 25% of water is reserved for this

purpose in all current and future structures.

Table 4-5 Live Stock Water Demand Durg District

livestock &

poultry

Number Water demand (BCM)

2011 2025* 2011 2025

Poultry/Duck 4970666 5219199 0.000635 0.000667

Pig 1885 1979 0.000006 0.000006

Goat 54681 57415 0.000120 0.000126

Cow/Buffalo 314036 329738 0.008597 0.009027

Sheep 4300 4515 0.000009 0.000010

Total (BCM) 0.0094 0.0098

Source: Based on Calculation

DRAFT

69

Graph 4-6Live Stock Water Demand

Table 4-6 Live Stock Water Demand Block Durg

livestock &

poultry

Number Water demand (BCM)

2011 2025* 2011 2025

Poultry/Duck 1399031 1468983 0.000179 0.000188

Pig 1007 1057 0.000003 0.000003

Goat 21256 22319 0.000047 0.000049

Cow/Buffalo 136769 143607 0.003744 0.003931

Sheep 550 578 0.000001 0.000001

Total (BCM) 0.0040 0.0042

Graph 4-7 Live Stock Water Demand For Durg Block

0.000000

0.001000

0.002000

0.003000

0.004000

0.005000

0.006000

0.007000

0.008000

0.009000

0.010000

Poultry/Duck Pig Goat Cow/Buffalo Sheep

Water Demand2011 Water Demand2025

0.000000

0.000500

0.001000

0.001500

0.002000

0.002500

0.003000

0.003500

0.004000

Poultry/Duck Pig Goat Cow/Buffalo Sheep

Water Demand2011 Water Demand2025

DRAFT

70

Table 4-7 Live Stock Water Demand Block Patan

livestock &

poultry

Number Water demand (BCM)

2011 2025* 2011 2025

Poultry/Duck 17861 18754.05 0.00000228174 0.00000239583

Pig 411 431.55 0.00000120012 0.00000126013

Goat 18922 19868.1 0.00004143918 0.00004351114

Cow/Buffalo 22312 23427.6 0.00061079100 0.00064133055

Sheep 126 132.3 0.00000027594 0.00000028974

Total (BCM) 0.00065598798 0.00068878738

Graph 4-8 Live Stock Water Demand For Patan Block

Table 4-8 Live Stock Water Demand Block Dhamdha

livestock &

poultry

Number Water demand (BCM)

2011 2025* 2011 2025

Poultry/Duck 3553774 3731463 0.000454 0.000477

Pig 467 490 0.000001 0.000001

Goat 14503 15228 0.000032 0.000033

Cow/Buffalo 154955 162703 0.004242 0.004454

Sheep 3624 3805 0.000008 0.000008

Total (BCM) 0.0047 0.0050

0.00000000000

0.00010000000

0.00020000000

0.00030000000

0.00040000000

0.00050000000

0.00060000000

0.00070000000

Poultry/Duck Pig Goat Cow/Buffalo Sheep

Water Demand 2011 Water Demand 2025

DRAFT

71

Graph 4-9 Live Stock Water Demand For Dhamdha Block

Table 4-9 Water Consumptions by Animals / Birds

0.000000

0.000500

0.001000

0.001500

0.002000

0.002500

0.003000

0.003500

0.004000

0.004500

Poultry/Duck Pig Goat Cow/Buffalo Sheep

Water demand 2011 Water demand 2025

Water Consumptions by Animals / Birds

S. N. Livestock Category Water requirement

Range Average Water Use L/ Day

1 Poultry 0.16-0.24 0.2

2 Small Animals 13-20 16.5

3 Large Animals 39-59 49

Source: Adapted from Nutrient requirements of poultry, Sheep, Cattles. 9th edition.

Washington, D.C.: National Research Council, 1994,

DRAFT

72

Table 4-10 Water Consumptions by Wild Life

Water Consumptions By Wild Life

S. N. Livestock Category Water requirement Range Average Water Use L/ Day

1 Small Animals May-20 10

2 Medium Animals 20-30 25

3 Large Animals 30-60 45

4.4 Industrial Water Demand

In Chhattisgarh, industry is the second highest consumer of water. The main

sources of water for the industrial sector are groundwater and surface water. Groundwater has

emerged as an important source to meet the water requirements of industries. Choice of

source of water depends on the availability of sufficient and regular supply of water and the

cost of water from the source. While the running cost of surface water is mainly the price paid

to the supplier—the municipal bodies; the cost of groundwater is the extraction cost—energy

used (electricity/diesel). Since the prices of all the inputs, water, electricity, and diesel are

administered or regulated by the government, the inefficient use of water remains a normal

practice. Since the surface water supply from municipal sources is not sufficiently guaranteed,

industrial units tend to depend on groundwater.

Net water demand for industries in the current year is 0.0069 BCM. Industrial water

demand for the year 2025 is estimated at 0.0140 BCM. Data is obtained from CGWB and

district industries department.

Table 4-11 Block wise Industrial Water Demand

Block Name of the Industry#

Water demand (BCM)

(15% of per capita water demand)

2011 2025

DURG Industry of different types,

hotels, hospitals, lodges,

schools, offices etc.

0.004715 0.009616

PATAN 0.001192 0.002417

DHAMDHA 0.000959 0.001941

Total (BCM) 0.0069 0.0140

Source: Industrial Department Durg District

DRAFT

73

Graph 4-10 Block wise Industrial Water Demand

The water demand in industrial area in Durg District is shown in the above Graph.

4.5 Water demand for Power Generation:

There is no power plant, which generates hydel electricity. No additional

water is required for this purpose. There are no future power projects coming in

the district.

4.6 Water Demand of the Durg District for Various Sectors

S.

No. Block

Components for 2011 (In BCM)

Domestic Crop Livestock Industrial

Power

generati

on

Total

1 DURG 0.03144 0.04752605 0.000919096 0.00472 0 0.08460

2 PATAN 0.00795 0.04752605 0.000442884 0.00119 0 0.05711

3 DHAMDHA 0.00639 0.256110801 0.000854042 0.00096 0 0.26431

Total 0.04577 0.35116 0.00222 0.00687 0.00000 0.40602

Table 4-12 Water Demand of The District for Various Sectors (Present)

Source: Based on Data Computation

Based on calculation it is reflect that total current water requirement is 0.40602 BCM.

Highest water requirement is in Patan Block.

0.000000

0.001000

0.002000

0.003000

0.004000

0.005000

0.006000

0.007000

0.008000

0.009000

0.010000

DURG PATAN DHAMDHA

Water demand 2011 Water demand 2025

DRAFT

74

Table 4-13 Water Demand of the district for various sectors (Projected 2025)

S. No. Block Components for 2025 (In BCM)

Domestic Crop Livestock Industrial Power generation Total

1 DURG 0.064105 0.302447 0.000965 0.009616 0 0.377132

2 PATAN 0.016116 0.855852 0.000465 0.002417 0 0.874851

3 DHAMDHA 0.012939 1.59111 0.000897 0.001941 0 1.606886

Total 0.093159 2.74941 0.002327 0.013974 0 2.85887

Source: Based on Data Computation

4.7 Water Budget

A water budget reflects the relationship between input and output of water through a

region. Thus, we have a direct comparison of supply of water and the natural demand for

water. The following data provides current water gap and projected water gap for the year

2025.

Table 4-14 Water Budget

Blocks

Existing water availability

(BCM)

Total

(BCM) Water demand (BCM) Water gap (BCM)

Surface

water

Ground

water 2011 2025 2011 2025

DURG 0.041808 0.01326 0.055068 0.084595931 0.377132482 0.029527931 0.322064482

PATAN 0.11064 0.01003 0.12067 0.057109805 0.874851286 -

0.063560195 0.754181286

DHAMDHA 0.252228 0.0136 0.265828 0.264314406 1.606885897 -

0.001513594 1.341057897

Total 0.404676 0.03689 0.441566 0.406020142 2.858869665 -

0.035545858 2.417303665

Source Based on Calculation

Graph 4-11 Block wise Water Demand

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

DURG PATAN DHAMDHA

Water demand 2011 Water demand2025

DRAFT

75

Graph 4-12 Block wise Water Gap

From the above Graph and Table it is clear that In Dhamdha Block there will be Huge water gap in

2025.

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

DURG PATAN DHAMDHA

Water gap 2011 Water gap 2025

DRAFT

76

5 Chapter -5 Strategic Action Plan

Net Area Sown in Rajnandgaon District is 141062 Ha.Out of which 274471Ha. Area

is either partially or totally,rain fed. Terrains, topography, forest area clearances, availability

of skilled man power, approachability of sites, presence of left wing extremism, land slope,

availability quality power, land acquisition issues, site availability are some of the various

factors which are determining the irrigation strategy for specific areas.

Major crop in the district is Paddy crop, which consumes 1200 mm of water. If in

place of paddy, crops like maize, Pulses and oilseeds are sown, for the same available water,

cropped area can be increased to four times . Changing crop pattern will also improve soil

fertility and reduces crop vulnerability to droughts and diseases.

In this regard, it may be mentioned that the water sector has very strong linkages with

all other developmental activities. In view of fast changing development scenario, it is

emphasized that the key priorities and identified strategies cannot be considered as static and

firm. These need to be reviewed and improved upon from time to time. In this regard a

comprehensive ―Strategic Plan for District Irrigation‖ has been prepared through geospatial

approach:

5.1 Methodology

Diverse research methodologies using RS and GIS have been applied by different

authors to identify potential rainwater harvestings in remote and data scarce areas; in most of

these methods, thematic maps are derived from remote sensing data and integrated in GIS to

evaluate suitable sites for rainwater harvesting. Remote sensing is of immense use for natural

resources mapping and generating necessary spatial database required as an input for GIS

analysis. GIS is a tool for collecting, storing and analyzing spatial and non - spatial data, and

developing a model based on local factors can be used to evaluate appropriate natural

resources development and management action plans. Both these techniques can complement

each other to be used as an effective tool for selecting suitable sites for water harvesting

structures.

In assessment of proposed rainwater harvesting structures potential using GIS and RS,

outlines six key factors that require to be integrated into a GIS framework in order. to

successfully develop a suitable model for RWH. This include; rainfall, hydrology (rainfall-

DRAFT

77

runoff relationships), slope, land cover, soils (texture, structure, depth) and socio-economics

of the area under consideration.

The following criteria have been followed for making decision on selecting suitable

site for various water harvesting structures as per Integrated Mission for Sustainable

Development (IMSD) guidelines.

Check dams

The slope should be less than 15 percent.

The land use may be barren, shrub land and riverbed.

The infiltration rate of the soil should be less.

The type of soil should be sandy clay loam.

Percolation tanks and nala bunds

The slope should be less than 10 percent.

The infiltration rate of the soil should be moderately high.

The land use / cover may be barren or scrub land.

The type of soil should be silt loam.

The suitability of WHS sites can be confirmed as the site is located on second and

third order drainage and satisfies the conditions of land use, soil type and slope as per IMSD

guidelines.Water harvesting structures are extremely important to conserve precious natural

resources like, soil and water, which is depleting day by day at alarming rate. The following

table provide strategic action plan for irrigation for each block as well as for whole district

and estimated costs and period of implementation.

DRAFT

78

Figure 5-1 Proposed Water Harvesting Structure in Durg District

Source: NRSC (District GYAN data and ISRO BhuvanPortel

DRAFT

79

Following data provides water potential created if proposed strategic action plan is

implemented.

Table 5-1 Water Potential Created

Block Dhamdha Durg Patan Grand Total

CEMENT NALA BUND 695000 390000 910000 1995000

CHECK DAM 320000 350000 70000 740000

CHECK DAM & NALA BUND 5940000 2090000 3690000 11720000

Form Pond 969000 597000 702000 2268000

MASONARY BANDHARA 122.5 37.5 325 485

NALA BUND 1124 556 1396 3076

Pond Deepning 871454.967 692577.9551 1083076.532 2647109.454

Grand Total 8796701.467 4120171.455 6456797.532 19373670.45

Table 5-2 Irrigated Area Created

Block Irrigated Area (Ha)

Dhamdha 19735

Durg 7523

Patan 9390

Total 36648

Table 5-3 Block Wise Year Wise Estimated Cost (in Lakh)

Block 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year Grand Total

Dhamdha 5823.24 6565.32 6758.2 6099 6374.48 31620.24

Durg 4445.72 5215.26 4736.26 6395.8 5180.36 25973.4

Patan 6146.5 6404.98 6287.72 6712.4 6761.7 32313.3

Grand Total 164,15.46 181,85.56 177,82.18 192,07.2 183,16.54 899,06.94

DRAFT

80

Table 5-4 Block Wise ,Year Wise, Component Wise Estimated Cost (in Lakh)

Row Labels 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year Grand

Total

Dhamdha 5823.24 6565.32 6758.2 6099 6374.48 31620.24

AIBP 1220 1290 1320 1210 1220 6260

Her Khet Ko Pani 1936.14 2305.02 2344.7 2135.5 2207.78 10929.14

MGNAREGA 594 570 627 594 594 2979

Per Drop More Crop 1484.6 1827.8 1883 1595 1764.2 8554.6

PMKSY (IWMP) 588.5 572.5 583.5 564.5 588.5 2897.5

Durg 4445.72 5215.26 4736.26 6395.8 5180.36 25973.4

AIBP 510 430 420 560 520 2440

Her Khet Ko Pani 1683.42 2044.36 1880.36 2543.3 2024.96 10176.4

MGNAREGA 516 522 483 483 486 2490

Per Drop More Crop 1403.8 1860.4 1600.4 2437 1794.4 9096

PMKSY (IWMP) 332.5 358.5 352.5 372.5 355 1771

Patan 6146.5 6404.98 6287.72 6712.4 6761.7 32313.3

AIBP 770 780 730 730 750 3760

Her Khet Ko Pani 2150.4 2004.88 2235.22 2125.1 2368.1 10883.7

MGNAREGA 864 879 861 894 891 4389

Per Drop More Crop 1503.6 1897.6 1618 2120.8 1914.6 9054.6

PMKSY (IWMP) 858.5 843.5 843.5 842.5 838 4226

Grand Total 164,15.46 181,85.56 177,82.18 192,07.2 183,16.54 899,06.94

Table 5-5 Block Wise Proposed No of Activity

Activity Dhamdha Durg Patan Grand

Total

CEMENT NALA BUND 139 78 182 399

CHECK DAM 32 35 7 74

CHECK DAM & NALA BUND 594 209 369 1172

FORM POND 323 199 234 756

LOOSE BOLDER CHECK 231 92 102 425

MASONARY BANDHARA 49 15 130 194

NALA BUND 281 139 349 769

PERCOLATION TANK 107 119 175 401

PIPE, SPRINKLER & DRIP IRRIGATION 855 9096 9054 26705

POND DEEPNING 993 830 1463 3286

TUBEWELL & ELECTRIC / SOLAR

PUMP 2566 2728.8 2847 8143

UNDER GROUND BANDHARA 19 15 17 51

Grand Total 1386 13540 14964 42375

DRAFT

81

Table 5-6 Ministry Wise, Year Wise Estimated Cost (in Lakh)

Row Labels 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year Grand

Total

DOLR 1779.5 1774.5 1779.5 1779.5 1781.5 8894.5

DOLR/MORD 1974 1971 1971 1971 1971 9858

MOA&FW- DAC&FW 10161.96 11940.06 11561.68 12956.7 12074.04 58694.44

MOWR 2500 2500 2470 2500 2490 12460

Grand Total 164,15.46 181,85.56 177,82.18 192,07.2 183,16.54 899,06.94

Note: 0.1 percent amount of total estimated cost to be allotted for Mass

Awareness Programme and Capacity Building.

Component Proposed Amount

(Rs. In Crore)

Command Area

(in Ha)

Present

Command

Area

After

Command

Area

Command Area

Increase

1 2 3 4 5 6

AIBP Block Dhamdha

1. Remodling & Lining of Parsada Distributri System5.00 1085.00 1045.00 1085.00 40

2. Remodling & Lining of Hathkhoge Minor2.50 363.00 363.00 363.00 0

3. Remodling & Lining of Ghikudiya Minor1.00 257.00 232.00 257.00 25

4. Remodling & Lining of Khasadhih Minor1.00 268.00 238.00 268.00 30

5. Remodling & Lining of Gota Minor1.00 436.00 396.00 436.00 40

6. Remodling & Lining of Bhatiya Minor 2.50 488.00 448.00 488.00 40

7. Remodling & Lining of Tarkuri Minor 2.00 206.00 186.00 206.00 20

Total 15.00 3103.00 2908.00 3103.00 195.00

Medium Irrigation

1. Khapri N (Nahar)4 4800 4600.00 4800 200

Har Khet Ko Pani

Block Durg

Action Plan 2015-16 Area in Hectare

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1. Bhenderwani Tank2.5 308 186.14 308 121.86

2. Borai Diversion1.9 135 135.00 135 0

3. Dhanora Tank1.5 155 120.00 155 35

4. Tirga Tank0.7 70 56.00 70 14

5. Vinayakpur Tank1.6 86 55.00 86 31

6. Bharda Tank1 101 0.00 101 101

7.Bhendsar nalla tank2.4 325 225.00 325 100

8. Bhendser Tank0.7 57 40.00 57 17

9.Anda Tank0.6 62 40.00 62 22

10. Risma tank0.45 62 45.00 62 17

11. Anjora tank1.7 249 200.00 249 49

12. Biresar Diversion1.9 130 113.00 130 17

13. Khapri Tank0.6 60 40.00 60 20

Total 17.55 1800.00 1255.14 1800.00 544.86

Block - Dhamdha

14. Construction on Pathara Stapdam/Rapta on Chorha

nala 2 20 0.00 20 20

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15. Construction on Khapri Stapdam/Rapta on Chorha

nala 2 20 0.00 20 20

16. Renovation of Surdung Tank & Remodling & Lining

canal 0.7 50 40.00 50 10

17.Remodling & lining of Pithora Diversion & canal4 242 0.00 242 242

18.Renovation of Kapasda Tank & remodling & Lining

of canal 0.85 98 80.00 98 18

19.Renovation of Panchdevri Tank & remodling & Lining

of canal 0.8 275.75 275.00 275.75 0.75

20.Renovation of Rigni Nalla Diversion & Remodling &

Lining of canal 0.9 65 50.00 65 15

21.Renovation of Mohandi Tank & Remodling & Lining

of canal 1 195 170.00 195 25

22.Renovation of NandoriTank & Remodling & Lining of

canal 0.9 125 110.00 125 15

23.Renovation of Madesara Diversion & Remodling &

Lining of canal 2 75 60.00 75 15

24.Renovation of Kareli tank & Remodling & Lining of

canal 1.5 65 50.00 65 15

25.Renovation of Mohlai tank & Remodling & Lining of

canal 2 145 120.00 145 25

26.Renovation of janjgiri Diversion & Remodling &

Lining of canal 1 100 80.00 100 20

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27.Akoli Tank5 485 120.00 485 365

28.Dodaki tank1 91 0.00 91 91

29.Nandway tank1.5 121 72.60 121 48.4

30.Nandeli tank0.8 64 0.00 64 64

31.Tengna Diversion1.1 101 0.00 101 101

32.Gorpa tank1.5 121 0.00 121 121

33.konka tank1 81 0.00 81 81

34.Paraskol Tank1.5 101 0.00 101 101

35.Kokdi Tank2.5 178 0.00 178 178

36.Thelka Diversion1.1 101 0.00 101 101

37.Ghotha Diversion2.5 186 0.00 186 186

38.Rohta tank2.00 146 0.00 146 146

39. Ghotwani Tank1.50 100 0.00 100 100

40. Raunda Tank Old1.00 60 0.00 60 60

41. Salhe Tank1.50 100 0.00 100 100

42. Pandora Diversion1.00 100 0.00 100 100

Total 46.15 3351.75 1227.60 3611.75 2384.15

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Block - Patan

1. Balodi Tank2 246.45 200.00 246.45 46.45

2. Kashi tank3 183.11 150.00 183.11 33.11

3. matiya Diversion2 145 100.00 145 45

4.Mokhli Diversion4 447 402.30 447 44.7

5. Khurmudi tank1.5 286.46 161.21 286.46 125.25

6. Jheet Tank0.2 182.96 162.86 182.96 20.1

7. Gujra Diversion 3 583 463.23 583 119.77

8-. Changori Diversion 2 235.06 131.05 235.06 104.01

9. Sikola Diversion 3 40 0.00 40 40

10. Bhansuli Diversion 4 200 0.00 200 200

11. Bendri Diversion 2 142 122.00 142 20

12. Ghughwa Tank 2 61 56.00 61 5

13. Ameri Tank 2 115 95.00 115 20

14. Achanakpur Tank 2 230 206.00 230 24

Total 32.7 3097.04 2318.65 3097.04 778.39

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Per Drop More Crop

PMKSY-Watershed

Total 115.40 16151.79 12309.39 16411.79 4102.40

Durg Block 21.55 6600.00 5855.14 6600.00 744.86

Patan Block 32.70 3097.04 2318.65 3097.04 778.39

Dhamdha Block 61.15 6454.75 4135.60 6714.75 2579.15

Grand Total 115.40 16151.79 12309.39 16411.79 4102.40

Executive Engineer Tandula Water Resources Division,

Durg(C.G.)

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COMPONENT AND YEAR WISE STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN

Department wise BUDGETARY PROVISIONS

Departments 1

st

Year 2

nd Year

3rd

Year

4th

Year

5th

Year

Total Cost

(in crore

Rs)

DOLR/MORD 24.46 23.71 22.96 24.97 24.045 120.148

MOA & FW-DAC & FW 31.2898 21.1224 21.6057 21.1400 11.5718 106.7297

MOUD

MOWR 28.32 28.32 28.32 28.32 28.32 141.60

Grand Total

No. of Proposed Structures

Structure Total no. Water storage/

structure (cum)

Total water

Storage (cum)

Farm Ponds 952/4500 900/6111 28356300

Check Dam/Nala Band 734 3750 2752500

Percolation Tanks 167 112500 18787500

Anicut/Stopdam/Diversion 02 56633.14 56633.14

Component 1st year 2

nd year 3

rd year 4

th year 5

th year

Total

cost (Rs.

In Crore)

• AIBP 28.32 28.32 28.32 28.32 28.32 141.60

a. Her Khet Ko Pani 29.4825 19.2960 19.760 19.2750 9.7550 97.5685

b. MGNREGA 22.18 20.37 19.62 21.63 22.54 106.34

c. Per Drop More Crop 3.0073 3.3264 3.6457 3.965 4.2168 18.1612

PMKSY (IWMP) 2.2830 3.340 3.340 3.340 1.5050 13.8080

Water Treatment plant

Grand Total

Minor Irrigation tanks 12 5100000 61200000

Dam/Canal Renovation 59 861.99

Pond deepening 2562 11080.3 13994718.33

Total

BUDGET AVAILABILITY

Department 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

Recpt Expd Recpt Expd Recpt Expd

Agriculture 281.71 277.09 522.87 506.63 315.70 197.58

Irrigation 3832.64 3673.32 2187.0 2184.92 5488.0 5001.11

Watershed 164.29 64.19 164.01 133.14 81.27 54.07

MGNREGA 7717.55 5908.51 4331.12 5163.12 5995.37 3249.78

Action Plan 2015 – 16

Component Proposed Amount

(Rs. In Crore)

Command Area

(in Ha)

AIBP 141.6000 40662.57

Har Khet Ko Pani 97.5685 9756.50

Per Drop More Crop 18.1612 4734.30

PMKSY- Watershed 13.8080 1380.80

MGNREGA 1823.11 998.36

Total 2094.2477 57532.53

Low Hanging Fruits:-

Structure Year Command Area in Ha Remarks

Tonahi nala Diversion

Parsuli Diversion

Thakur Dev Reservior

Nawadih Diversion

Mudanala diversion

Nishthiguda Jalashay

Irrigation Potential -

Structure Water holding

capacity (in MCM)

Cost

(in Crore)

Command

Area (in Ha)

Sikaser Dam (1999)

Ghumarapadar Jalashay

Pairi Ghumar Diversion

Kharkhar Jalashay

Kotari Jalashay

WATER SAVING

Component No. of

structures

Water Saving

/work (cum)

Total Saving in

(cum)

Land Development

Drip Irrigation

Sprinklers 2300 2000 4600000