PRACTICUM REPORT

Supporting and Leading a Plan of Action Toward Community Education and Outreach to Promote Melrose Complete Streets Policy.

MELISSA F. MILLING MELROSE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH, MELROSE MA

Site Supervisor: Kara Showers August 16, 2016

Melissa F. Milling Practicum Report Melrose Department of Public Health

1. Abstract

Introduction: The city of Melrose just passed their Complete Streets policy and is now working on promoting the

program through education and community outreach in order to put the policy into motion. My project

during this practicum experience was to support and lead a plan of action toward community outreach

to promote Complete Streets in Melrose, MA. This practicum took place with the Melrose Department

of Public Health under the supervision of the Mass in Motion-Melrose/Wakefield grant coordinator Kara

Showers.

Methods: Cities and towns in Massachusetts were researched based on the success of their Complete Streets

program. Criteria included: an active Complete Streets program, utilization of proper signage, safe

pathways for all modes of transportation and a committee that focuses on Complete Streets. Questions

included successful methods of community outreach: what methods they used, were they successful

and why. Based on these questions it was asked if we could use their successes as templates toward the

success of our community outreach?

Results: 7 Massachusetts cities and towns whom have been recognized for their successful Complete Streets

programs by Smart Growth America were contacted to discuss their methods and means of community

outreach. The communities included: Ashland, Framingham, Longmeadow, Lynn, Natick, Norwell and

Weymouth. Successful methods of community education and outreach included brochures, websites,

inserts and participation in community events such as farmers’ markets.

2. Update of Aims and Rationale

Describe the public health or health care problem/issue you chose to address and whether your topic

or goal changed over the course of the practicum.

Originally this internship had two main focuses. One being to gather and interpret data on chronic

disease amongst the Melrose/Wakefield community such as obesity, type II diabetes and strokes. And

the second was to focus on the city of Melrose Complete Streets program. During the course of the

internship my focus changes solely to Complete Streets. The public health problem that was my main

focus during this practicum was on is safe streets for traveling in order to keep the community safe and

active. This is in specific to sidewalks and bikers for their safety as well as to increase the use of

healthier forms of transportation such as walking and biking and taking public transportation for green

initiatives.

Melissa F. Milling Practicum Report Melrose Department of Public Health

The objectives for this practicum thus included the following:

1. Evaluate outcomes of current practice, programs, research, policies or procedures

within Complete the Streets.

2. Explain the influence of environmental factors to the Complete the Streets project.

3. Develop a website layout for promoting and education outreach for Complete

Streets.

Do you now see the problem in a different way? If not, how so? If not, how did the practicum

experience add to your understanding of the nuances of this problem?

I wasn’t familiar with Complete Streets and what it was before the start of this practicum. After doing

much research online and through the phone interviews I conducted, I see this public health problem

much differently. I did not realize the extent of how unsafe some streets can be without the

implementation of a Complete Streets policy. Safe crosswalks, proper bike lanes and appropriate signs

are some of the aspects that a lot cities and towns lack. I was made much more aware of this now that I

understood what a complete street was and what it entailed. Sidewalks were a big concern for me as

well. A lot of sidewalks stopped in various cities that I visited causing pedestrians to have to go on the

road for travel which is very unsafe. This was also relevant to mothers with strollers. I now understand

there are many different pillars to what makes a “complete street” and implementing all of the different

variables is a very lengthy process.

3. Update of Approach, Methods and Findings

Explain the approach and methods you used to meet the aims of your practicum.

Method 1: The first objective involved evaluating the current Complete Streets Policy that the city of

Melrose had in place and its current community outreach and education initiatives. Although Melrose

had passed its Complete Streets Policy back on June 15, 2016, it did not have any community outreach

procedures in place.

My approach involved researching different websites to understand what a successful Complete Street

looked like and how different communities were putting these policies into action. I then compared and

contrasted my research to what the city of Melrose was currently doing and presented it to my site

supervisor in a completed document entitled Complete Streets Policy and Implementation Strategy.

This document included information on what Complete Streets was, why it’s important and also

specified different modes of transportation and how Complete Streets assists in making them safe.

Please see this document in the Appendix of this report.

Method 2: In order to understand the environmental factors that influenced Complete Streets and how

communities were implementing the program, I researched local cities and towns that currently had

successful Complete Streets Policies in place. I researched this online through Smart Growth America

Melissa F. Milling Practicum Report Melrose Department of Public Health

and contacted 7 communities that were acknowledged for their outstanding programs. These

communities included: Ashland, Framingham, Longmeadow, Lynn, Natick, Norwell and Weymouth.

Using phone interviews, I spoke with public health representatives to identify successful outreach

methods for their Complete Streets program. The site supervisor and I developed criteria for inclusion

and they included: having an active Complete Streets program, utilization of safe pathways for all modes

of transportation and a committee that focuses on Complete Streets. When speaking to public health

representatives, questions were asked regarding their successful methods of community outreach, what

they were and if we could use them as templates for our community outreach.

Method 3: In order to enhance community outreach various forms of communication were developed

and utilized. One being an educational brochure that included information on what Complete Streets is,

why it’s important and how to get involved. This brochure was used at a local farmers’ market and was

quite successful in community outreach and education. I was quite surprised how many people didn’t

know about this policy. Another way this brochure will be used is that it will be inserted into tax returns

to the entire community so that everyone receives it. Please view this brochure in the Appendix of this

report.

A website outline was also created in order to promote and educate the community on Complete

Streets. Although I did not actually design the website, I researched various website designs and layouts

in order to create a brief and high level outline of what the Complete Streets website should look like

when it is implemented. Please see this outline in the Appendix of this report.

With the knowledge you have acquired doing the practicum, would you do things differently if you

were to undertake it now?

Community outreach was definitely an important element to successfully implementing Complete

Streets, however I do not think Melrose had enough of the policy implemented in the city to begin

community outreach. The sidewalks, crosswalks, bike paths/lanes were ultimately safe but needed to

be repainted. I think that a committee completely dedicated to Complete Streets needs to be

established in the city of Melrose in order for this policy to be implemented successfully. If I were to

continue this practicum I would have started a committee with volunteers from the community as well

as internally in the Public Health Department. This committee would meet on a monthly basis to discuss

initiatives toward successful implementation of the policy, timelines of action steps as well as

community outreach. Each committee member would be responsible for some aspect of the policy in

order for tasks to be completed in a timely and orderly fashion. Only one or two people in the Public

Health Department were dedicated to Complete Streets so I feel that a lot of the work didn’t get done

on time or was put aside because of other tasks that had to be completed outside of the Complete

Streets project. Having a committee completely dedicated to Complete Streets would ensure a

successful program along with ample community outreach and educational opportunities for those to

get involved in.

Melissa F. Milling Practicum Report Melrose Department of Public Health

Ends Statement

The work that I provided to the city of Melrose enabled the Complete Streets Policy that was established

back in June, 2016 to have a voice in the community. Before the practicum started no form of public

education or community outreach was established or put into place for Complete Streets. My research

and community representative interview process allowed the vision of creating a successful community

outreach program to become a reality through the development of educational brochures, informative

website outline and participation in community events such as Farmers’ Markets. Due to these

community outreach initiatives, Complete Streets of Melrose Policy now has a voice in the community

and will be more successful due to the public being educated and involved in the policy.

Reflection on the Practicum:

How do you feel about what you accomplished?

I did not anticipate growing a program from start to finish, but it was a huge accomplishment to see a

project through its entirety. Having the opportunity to research, design and implement a community

outreach program was beyond what I had expected to accomplish in this practicum but it was very

rewarding and I learned a lot about how much you can accomplish in a short period of time when you

put your mind to something that you are passionate about.

Who within the organization had the most impact on your practicum?

My site supervisor was wonderful and she had the most impact on what I learned during my practicum

experience. She gave me excellent guidance and direction and was always there if I had a question.

She also gave me the hands on experience I was hoping to get out of this practicum. I was given a

project and she just let me run with it without any handholding which I greatly appreciated as I felt that

she trusted my experience to get the job done right and efficiently. She gave me excellent feedback on

all of my projects and sat with me to go through my documents piece by piece. What I really liked most

about her was her passion for the project and for public health in general. She wore many hats in her

role so I appreciated all of the time she dedicated to getting me up and running. I could tell that

Complete Streets was a passion of hers and she didn’t get much help from anyone else in the

department with the project so I know she appreciated all that I did. I greatly enjoyed working with her

and she played a huge impact on my progress and education during my practicum experience.

Melissa F. Milling Practicum Report Melrose Department of Public Health

Describe a highlight of the practicum experience --such as the best thing that someone said or did, or

the most fortuitous thing that fell into place during the practicum?

The highlight of this practicum was participating in the Farmers’ Market and testing out how my

brochure was welcomed into the community. It was so wonderful speaking with members of the

community, informing them about Complete Streets and then having the ability to give them a take

away full of education and ways to get involved in the program. The brochure was well received as was

the information that I provided to community members. They were very excited about the program

being put into place and happy to have a brochure that had information about the policy for them to

review.

Conclusion:

I felt honored and privileged to be able to work in the community that I reside and truly be a part of

making a difference in the health and safety of Melrose. Through the excellent guidance of my site

supervisor, I was able to create a community outreach and education plan of action that will be used

toward promoting Melrose Complete Streets Policy and Program. My thorough research enabled me to

develop a plan of action toward promoting Complete Streets and I was able to create informative

brochures and an educational website outline that will be used towards community outreach. I learned

that community outreach can have many variables and the culture of the community needs to be

considered in order to understand what best works for the community as far as education and outreach.

I greatly enjoyed working within my community and speaking with the public during events such as

Farmers Markets about their experiences with traveling in Melrose and some of the obstacles they’ve

encountered. I am hopeful that I can have more experiences such as this in my future as I greatly

enjoyed working within my community toward a project that will enhance the liveability and safety of

those residing in Melrose.

Melissa F. Milling Practicum Report Melrose Department of Public Health

Appendix:

A. Community Outreach and Education Plan – Educational Document

COMPLETE STREETS POLICY

OUTREACH AND EDUCATION PLAN

5 6 2 M A I N S T R E E T

M E L R O S E , M A 0 2 1 7 6

Melissa F. Milling Practicum Report Melrose Department of Public Health

OUTREACH & EDUCATION PLAN

Information to Provide

With the passage of a Complete Streets policy, there are questions that residents and visitors of all ages

and abilities will have, whether they be pedestrians, bicyclists, transit riders or motorists. This Plan

is a concerted, coordinated effort to educate and inform all on biking, driving and riding so that all

better understand what having a Complete Streets policy means for them.

Topics to be covered:

A. What is Complete Streets?

a. Designed to enable integrated safety for all users to move safely along a complete

street; pedestrians, bicyclists, motorists and public transit users of all ages and

abilities.

b. “They are designed and operated to enable safe access for all users, including

pedestrians, bicyclists, motorists and transit riders of all ages and abilities.”

(National Complete Streets Coalition, 2016) Complete Streets make it easy to cross

the street, walk to destinations and bicycle to work. They allow buses to run on time

and make it safe for commuters to walk to and from train stations.

Melissa F. Milling Practicum Report Melrose Department of Public Health

B. What does a complete street look like?

a. There is no singular design prescription for Complete Streets; each one is unique and responds to its community culture. A complete street may include: sidewalks, bike lanes (or wide paved shoulders), special bus lanes, comfortable and accessible public transportation stops, frequent and safe crossing opportunities, median islands, accessible pedestrian signals, curb extensions, narrower travel lanes, roundabouts, and more.” (National Complete Streets Coalition, 2016)

b. Sidewalks

c. Bike lanes

d. Special bus lanes

e. Accessible public transportation stops

f. Frequent and safe crossing and accessible pedestrian signals

g. Curb extensions

h. Narrow travel lanes

Melissa F. Milling Practicum Report Melrose Department of Public Health

i. Roundabouts

C. What are the benefits of Complete Streets?

a. Improves safety

b. Encourages walking and biking for health

c. Lower transportation costs for families

d. Fosters strong communities

e. Complete Streets make economic sense. “A balanced transportation system that includes complete streets can bolster economic growth and stability by providing accessible and efficient connections between residences, schools, parks, public transportation, offices, and retail destinations.” (National Complete Streets Coalition, 2016)

f. Complete Streets improve safety by reducing crashes through safety improvements. “One study found that designing for pedestrian travel by installing raised medians and redesigning intersections and sidewalks reduced pedestrian risk by 28%.” (National Complete Streets Coalition, 2016)

g. Complete Streets encourage more walking and bicycling. Complete Streets can help in the obesity epidemic by encouraging more walking in biking in safer areas. “One study found that 43 percent of people with safe places to walk within 10 minutes of home met recommended activity levels, while just 27% of those without safe places to walk were active enough.” (National Complete Streets Coalition, 2016)

h. Complete Streets can help ease transportation woes. “Streets that provide travel choices can give people the option to avoid traffic jams, and increase the overall capacity of the transportation network. Several smaller cities have adopted complete streets policies as one strategy to increase the overall capacity of their

Melissa F. Milling Practicum Report Melrose Department of Public Health

transportation network and reduce congestion.” (National Complete Streets Coalition, 2016)

i. Complete Streets help children. Safe streets provide children the opportunities to bike, walk and play. “More children walk to school where there are sidewalks, and children who have and use safe walking and bicycling routes have a more positive view of their neighborhood. Safe Routes to School programs, gaining in popularity across the country, will benefit from complete streets policies that help turn all routes into safe routes.” (National Complete Streets Coalition, 2016)

j. Complete streets are good for air quality. Poor air quality in our urban areas is linked to increases in asthma and other illnesses. “Yet if each resident of an American community of 100,000 replaced one car trip with one bike trip just once a month, it would cut carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by 3,764 tons of per year in the community. Complete streets allow this to happen more easily.” (National Complete Streets Coalition, 2016)

k. Complete Streets make fiscal sense. Integrating sidewalks, bike lanes, transit amenities, and safe crossings into the initial design of a project spares the expense of retrofits later. Jeff Morales, former Director of Caltrans, said, “by fully considering the needs of all non-motorized travelers (pedestrians, bicyclists, and persons with disabilities) early in the life of a project, the costs associated with including facilities for these travelers are minimized.” (National Complete Streets Coalition, 2016)

D. Motorist safety tips

a. Be Alert

i. Look out for pedestrians at all times. Remain diligent at all times as you

never know when a pedestrian may cross the street.

ii. Follow posted speed limits at all times, especially in areas of heavy

pedestrian traffic. This is also even more important in lower speed limit

areas such as school zones or neighborhoods with a lot of pedestrians.

iii. Make sure your lights are on and you use proper signaling at all times,

especially in bad weather. This way you can see pedestrians and they can

see you.

iv. Be mindful of pedestrians when pulling into and out of driveways –

especially if you are backing up. Pedestrians can easily enter your path

without your knowledge.

b. Crosswalks

i. Always yield to pedestrians in a crosswalk.

ii. When approaching a crosswalk, reduce your speed and be prepared to stop.

Melissa F. Milling Practicum Report Melrose Department of Public Health

iii. When you are stopped at a crosswalk, allow enough room between your

vehicle and the crosswalk so other drivers can see the pedestrians you have

stopped for.

iv. Do not pass vehicles stopped at a crosswalk.

v. DO NOT drink and drive. “Alcohol and drugs impair your reaction time,

reflexes, decision-making skills and overall cognitive functions. Getting

behind the wheel while impaired puts everyone in danger.” (AAA Exchange)

E. Sharrows/markings (Pedi & Bike Committee has a graphic)

a. What do they mean

i. “Shared Lane Markings (SLMs), or “sharrows,” are road markings used to

indicate a shared lane environment for bicycles and automobiles. Among

other benefits shared lane markings reinforce the legitimacy of bicycle

traffic on the street, recommend proper bicyclist positioning, and may be

configured to offer directional and wayfinding guidance.” (National

Association of City Transportation Officials)

b. Proper use

i. “Shared lane markings should not be considered a substitute for bike lanes,

cycle tracks, or other separation treatments where these types of facilities

are otherwise warranted or space permits. Shared lane markings can be

used as a standard element in the development of bicycle boulevards to

identify streets as bikeways and to provide wayfinding along the route.”

(National Association of City Transportation Officials.)

F. Pedestrian Safety Tips

a. Signals

b. Cross walks and sidewalks

c. Proper night gear for travel- reflective clothing for both bikers and pedestrians

Be Visible

Melissa F. Milling Practicum Report Melrose Department of Public Health

i. Make sure you’re visible to drivers at all times and make eye contact with

them whenever possible. This is especially important at night, in low-light

conditions such as dusk or dawn or in inclement weather. “According to

NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics and Analysis, 32 percent of all

pedestrian fatalities occur between 8 p.m. and 11:59 p.m.” (AAA Exchange)

ii. Wear lightly colored or reflective clothing at night and brightly colored

clothing during the day in order to be seen during all times of day.

iii. Stay in well-lit areas, especially when crossing the street.

iv. If possible, make eye contact with drivers in stopped vehicles to ensure they

see you before you cross the street. Say thank you!

d. Stay Alert – Avoid Distractions

i. It is easy to be distracted, especially with technology. Remember your eyes

and ears are your best tools for staying safe so stay alert and pay attention

to your surroundings.

ii. Stop texting! Put down your phone. This is just another distraction that

could potentially get you and others hurt.

iii. Don’t wear headphones or at least keep the volume at a low level so you

can still hear what’s going on around you. Your ears will tell you a lot about

what is happening around you.

e. Follow the Rules

i. Know and follow all traffic rules, signs and signals. “You need to be aware of

the rules vehicles around you must follow to properly anticipate what

drivers will do. This will help increase your safety.” (AAA Exchange)

f. Walk in Safe Places

i. Use crosswalks when crossing the street. If a crosswalk is unavailable, be

sure to find the most well-lit spot on the road to cross and wait for a long

enough gap in traffic to make it safely across the street.

Melissa F. Milling Practicum Report Melrose Department of Public Health

ii. Stay on sidewalks whenever possible. If a sidewalk is not available, be sure

to walk on the far side of the road facing traffic. This will help increase your

visibility to drivers.

iii. Avoid walking along highways or other roadways where pedestrians are

prohibited. This is dangerous to both you and the vehicles driving.

g. Avoid Alcohol Consumption

i. “Almost half of all traffic crashes resulting in pedestrian casualties involve

alcohol consumption. Surprisingly, 34 percent of that total was on the part

of the pedestrian. Alcohol impairs your decision-making skills, physical

reflexes and other abilities just as much on your feet as it does behind the

wheel.” (AAA Exchange)

G. Bike Safety Tips

a. Riding with traffic

b. Signaling and traffic laws

c. Passing vehicles

d. Pedestrians

e. Reflective clothing and proper bike gear for night travel

f. Importance of helmets

Your rights as a Cyclist – The following is all taken directly from Mass Bike

i. You can ride your bike on any public road except limited access or express

state highways where signs specifically prohibit biking.

ii. “You may ride on sidewalks outside business districts, unless local laws

prohibit sidewalk riding.” (Mass Bike)

iii. Either hand may be used for signaling.

iv. “You can pass cars on the right.

v. If you carry a child inside an enclosed trailer on your bike that will protect

them from injury in a crash they don’t need to wear a helmet.

vi. “You may hold a bicycle race on any public road or street in the

Commonwealth, if you do so in cooperation with a recognized bicycle

organization, and if you get approval from the appropriate police

department before the race is held.” (Mass Bike)

vii. ‘You may establish special bike regulations for races by agreement between

your bicycle organization and the police.” (Mass Bike)

viii. You can have as many lights and reflectors on your bike as you want for

your safety.

Melissa F. Milling Practicum Report Melrose Department of Public Health

H. Bike Rack locations map

a. This could go on the website for easy access

b. http://d3dmubwaxeg5i9.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Bike-Map-

Melrose-9_2015.pdf

I. Kids Safety

a. Benefit of Complete Streets and Kid Safety

i. Complete streets provide children with opportunities to walk, bike and play

in a safe environment. “More children are likely to walk or bike to school

when sidewalks or footpaths are present, when there are safe street

crossings, and when school zones enforce a reduced vehicle speed. Streets

that provide dedicated space for bicycling and walking help kids get physical

activity and gain independence.” (National Complete Streets Coalition,

2016)

ii. Safe Routes to School programs, which have become tremendously popular

across the country, will benefit from Complete Streets policies that help

turn all routes into safe routes.

iii. “While federal funding is now available in all fifty states for Safe Routes to

School programs, all of the program’s funds will be able to provide limited

help to just six percent of the schools in the United States. Complete streets

policies can augment these programs to help all communities create safe

routes as a routine part of roadway improvement, design and construction.”

(National Complete Streets Coalition, 2016.)

iv. A community with a Complete Streets Policy considers the needs and safety

of children while designing roads to allow children to travel safe.

b. Crossing the street

Melissa F. Milling Practicum Report Melrose Department of Public Health

c. Look and be seen

i. Stop Look and Listen

1. Stop:

a. Find the safest place to cross then stop.

b. Don’t stand in the street, stand on the curb or as close to

the edge of street as possible if there’s no curb.

2. Look

a. Look both ways before you cross the street. Do it multiple

times!

b. Make sure you can see if anything is coming and drivers can

see you.

3. Listen

a. Listen carefully for oncoming cars.

b. Be alert while crossing the street, keep your headphones off

and stop conversations.

c. When it is safe to cross, stay alert and stay on the crosswalk

Melissa F. Milling Practicum Report Melrose Department of Public Health

Graphics to Use

Melissa F. Milling Practicum Report Melrose Department of Public Health

Media Outlets to Use

Melrose Free Press

Melrose Weekly News

Melrose Energy Commission, Sustainable Melrose, Melrose Pedestrian & Bicycle Committee

City of Melrose Mayors Blog

Twitter

Mailer with excise tax bill

Website – linked with Mass in Motion and Ped Bike Committee

Resources to Use

RESOURCE WEBSITE OTHER

Smart Growth America/National Complete Streets Coalition

www.smartgrowthamerica.org http://www.smartgrowthamerica.org/documents/cs/cs-

brochure-features.pdf

Mass Bike http://www.massbike.org

Walk Boston http://www.walkboston.org/ http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/ped_bike/

MA Department of Public Health http://www.mass.gov/eohhs/gov/departments/dph/

http://www.mass.gov/eohhs/gov/departments/dph/programs/community-health/mass-

in-motion/community/strategies

/healthy-community-design.html

Safe Routes to School http://www.saferoutesinfo.org/ http://www.saferoutesinfo.org/program-tools/bicycle-

safety-activity-kit

MAPC http://www.mapc.org/ http://www.mapc.org/sites/default/files/MAPC%20Complete%20Streets%20summary.pdf

Melissa F. Milling Practicum Report Melrose Department of Public Health

Appendix

B. Educational Brochure

Melissa F. Milling Practicum Report Melrose Department of Public Health

Appendix

C. Website Outline:

Melrose Complete Street Website Outline

Tabs:

About Us

Projects

Events

Get Involved

About Us

What is a Complete Street?

o Informative PDF’s to link to

Multimodal Intersections

Mobility Hubs

Lane Width Chart

Sidewalk Chart

o Our Mission/Vision

o Who we are

Dept of Public Health

Contact Info

o Facts about Melrose

Projects

Bike Safety

o Link to map of bike racks

o Bike rules 101

Pedestrian Safety

o Walking

o Public Transit

Safe Crosswalks

o Clearly painted

o Safe pathways

Melissa F. Milling Practicum Report Melrose Department of Public Health

Events

Events we’re participating in to promote Complete Streets

o Farmers Market

o DPW Day

Get Involved

Why participate in Complete Streets

Form to fill out

o Name

o Email

o Address

o Phone

Newsletter

Comments and contact information

Website reference:

Boston Transportation Department. 2014. Boston Complete Streets.

http://bostoncompletestreets.org/ Referenced on 7.6.2016.

Melissa F. Milling Practicum Report Melrose Department of Public Health

References:

1. AAA Exchange. Tips for Pedestrian Safety. http://exchange.aaa.com/safety/pedestrian-

safety/tips-pedestrian-safety/#.V5IJIxWAOkp. Referenced on 7.16.2016

2. Boston Transportation Department. 2014. Boston Complete Streets.

http://bostoncompletestreets.org/ Referenced on 7.6.2016.

3. City of Melrose. 2015. City of Melrose Bike Rack Locations.

http://d3dmubwaxeg5i9.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Bike-Map-Melrose-

9_2015.pdf. Referenced on 7.26.2016.

4. Massachusetts Department of Health and Human Services. Mass.gov. 2016. Healthy Community

Design. http://www.mass.gov/eohhs/gov/departments/dph/programs/community-

health/mass-in-motion/community/strategies/healthy-community-design.html Referenced on

7.6.2016

5. Metropolitan Area Planning Council. Complete Streets.

http://www.mapc.org/sites/default/files/MAPC%20Complete%20Streets%20summary.pdf.

Referenced on 7.8.2016

6. National Association of City Transportation Officials. Shared Lane Markings.

http://nacto.org/publication/urban-bikeway-design-guide/bikeway-signing-marking/shared-

lane-markings/. Referenced on 7.8.2016.

7. National Center for Safe Routes to School. Bicycle Safety Activity Kit.

http://www.saferoutesinfo.org/program-tools/bicycle-safety-activity-kit. Referenced on

7.8.2016

8. National Complete Streets Coalition. Smart Growth America. Complete Streets Fundamentals.

http://www.smartgrowthamerica.org/documents/cs/cs-brochure-features.pdf Referenced on

7.6.2016

9. National Complete Streets Coalition. 2016. Complete Streets Fundamentals Fact Sheet -

Children. http://www.smartgrowthamerica.org/complete-streets/complete-streets-

fundamentals/factsheets/children. Referenced on 7.6.2016.

10. National Complete Streets Coalition. 2016. What are Complete Streets.

http://www.smartgrowthamerica.org/complete-streets/complete-streets-

fundamentals/benefits-of-complete-streets/. Referenced on 7.8.2016.

11. Mass Bike. Bike Laws http://www.massbike.org/laws. Referenced on 7.8.2016.

12. Safe Kids Worldwide. Pedestrian Safety. https://www.safekids.org/walkingsafelytips.

Referenced on 7.9.2016.

13. Tales of the Road. Stop Look at Listen. http://talesoftheroad.direct.gov.uk/stop-look-listen.php.

Referenced on 7.9.2016.

14. U.S. Department of Transportation. January 2013. Pedestrian & Bicycle Safety - Safety Federal

Highway Administration. http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/ped_bike/. Referenced on 7.6.2016