Practices of the Spanish Civil War Causes, practices and effects of wars.
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Transcript of Practices of the Spanish Civil War Causes, practices and effects of wars.
![Page 1: Practices of the Spanish Civil War Causes, practices and effects of wars.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081416/56649ebf5503460f94bc939e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Practices of the Spanish Civil WarCauses, practices and effects of wars
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Republican Weaknesses
• Political disunity• Military problems• Economic problems• Foreign assistance
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Hitler connection
• General Franco is able to lift 24,000 experienced troops from Army of Africa to Spain to help with the revolution.
• Franco uses policy of terror• General Mola helps Franco take land in the North• Why would Hitler (Nazi Germany) want to help
Franco?
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The sides
• Loyalists- supported the regime of 1936 (socialists/communists)
• Nationalists- supported the rebels (church, army, wealthy landowners)
• Basques and Catalans supported the loyalists because they promised them autonomy
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The Republic had the advantages, why did they lose?
Republic (loyalists)
• Controlled major cities• Controlled key industrial
areas• Gold reserves• Air force and navy
Nationalists
• Church
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Republican (loyalists) weaknesses
Political Disunity• Sept. 1936 Caballero head of coalition government, but
government is divided• Communists and socialists believed the revolution should
stop and they should fight the war; anarchists believe only can win if they keep revolutionary tactics.
• Analyze the differences between the tactics desired by these groups.
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Political disunity
Communists became very popular- membership grew 40,000 to 400,000 in one year. They have foreign support-USSR. They want to restore the Second Republic.
They use terror tactics that make people sympathize with the enemy.
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May Days- May 1937
• Barcelona- 4 days of street fighting
• Communists/socialists v. anarchists and POUM
(Catalan Marxists party, critical of Soviets, opposed comm/soc)• Caballero replaced by Marxist Juan Negrin- communists
chose him to lead• Negrin attacked the POUM and anarchist leaders-
imprisoned or executed. His authoritarian regime stays until 1939
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Political disunity
• How does political disunity lead to a weakened Republican government?
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Military Problems
• Lacked strong military leadership• Communists and anarchists would not work together• Even loyal army officials were not trusted• They fought a series of local conflicts rather than an
overall war campaign• Many battlefields not accessible by the air force• How does this hurt the Republic (loyalists)?
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Economic Problems
• Anarchists took over all industries, public utilities and transports in their areas.
• In the countryside, collectives were set up• Because of this, production fell by 2/3 between 1936-39• Republic had food and supply shortages• Inflation reached 300% and wages only increased 15%
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Economic problems
• Britain and France gave NO credit to the Republic• USSR only country that would trade• Republic spent most of gold reserve to trade
• What could have been done differently to improve the situation economically?
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Foreign Assistance-critical
• USSR- aircraft and tanks, but no troops.• Had to pay USSR for help (this drains gold reserve)• International Brigades- 35,000 foreign volunteers fought
in Spain. Helped in Madrid.• 1938 Soviets withdraw Brigades• Britain and France- policy of non-intervention• How does this effect the outcome of the war?