Peter Zaitsev, CEO, Percona

October 01, 2014 MySQL Central @ OOW

San Francisco, CA

Practical MySQL Performance Optimization

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Unsafe Harbor Statement

To join my Oracle friends in their spirit I’m also adding the meaningless slide with a lot of text which no one really reads or cares about in the start of the presentation I am about to deliver. It is so good to be part of the private company when you do not have to worry about earning restatement or being sued by shareholders. Have you got to the end of this text? Wow you’re a fast reader.

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In This Presentation We’ll

Look at how to approach Performance Optimization

Discuss Practical Performance Optimization Tips

Look at the Tools which can help us

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First Things First

MySQL Performance does not Matter!

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What DOES Matter?

Application Performance!

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Even More so

Application Performance Always Matters!

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Take Away

Performance Problems might not be MySQL

Performance Solutions might not

be with MySQL

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Many “Tools”

• MongoDB • Cassandra • Hadoop • Elastic Search • Redis

Use the best

Tool for the job

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Say Performance

Mean Response Time

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Related Issues

Stability

Scalability

Efficiency

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Scalability?

• Load • Data Size • Infrastructure

Scalability with:

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Performance “Sandbags”

Security

Manageability

Compatibility

Compliance

Ease of use by Developers

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“Good Enough”

You can always

improve your system. Know when to stop.

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What MySQL Does

• Selects • Inserts • Deletes • Updates

Processes Queries

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What to focus on?

• Making queries run faster

• Using less resources

• Scaling better

Performance Optimization

focused

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Transaction Optimization

• Find out which queries it runs

• Optimize them

Specific Application Transaction

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General Optimization

• Prioritize them • Optimize them

Look at what

queries Server Runs

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Queries

• Get rid of them? • Can we change them to be doing less work?

Are those the

right queries ?

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Things to Consider

• But avoid focusing only on outliers

Do not look at the average case only

• Consider daily, weekly, monthly cycles

Look at trends over time

• Data size change? Cardinality?

Think about future

performance

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Query Tips

Do less queries – latency and overhead

Read or modify less data

Less data processing on the fly

How much data is traversed vs sent

How much data is sent vs used by app

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Schema

• Minor Schema changes

• Data Architecture

Look at Schema

and Queries together

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Schema Tips

•  http://bit.ly/1rAtamE Learn Indexing

•  Starting with Text book schema is OK ending is likely not

Design Schema for data access

•  Partitioning & Sharding •  Normalization and Denormalization •  Covering Indexes

Technics

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The Following Also Matter

Infrastructure

Operating System and Configuration

MySQL Version

MySQL Configuration

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Optimization Process

Low Hanging Fruit

•  MySQL Configuration

•  OS Settings •  Indexes •  Caching

Medium Level

•  Infrastructure •  OS •  MySQL

Version

Hard Changes

•  Major schema changes

•  Application architecture change

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Infrastructure

Scaling Up or Out

• One MySQL Node

• Many MySQL Nodes

Type

• Public Cloud • Private Cloud • Bare Metal

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Hardware

CPU

Memory

Disk

Network

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CPU

Intel owns the market

2 sockets commonly used

Faster cores or more cores

Turboboost

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Memory

Main purpose – Cache

Think Database size vs Memory

Look together with Storage Optimization

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Invest in Memory or Storage

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Storage

Types

•  Directly Attached

•  SAN •  NAS •  Virtualized

Flash

•  PCI-E •  SATA

“Disks” •  TLC, MLC,

eMLC, SLC

RAID

•  Hardware •  Software •  Filesystem

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Network

Latency

•  Distance •  Number of

“Hops”

Throughput

•  1Gb is a must, trunking recommended

•  10Gb increasingly affordable

Availability

•  Bonding •  Multipath

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OS Choices

Linux

Server grade

Recent

Supporting MySQL well

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OS Tuning

Defaults are good for common workloads

Filesystem: EXT4 or XFS

More Detail http://bit.ly/MySQLonLinux

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MySQL Version

New versions typically improve performance

Scalability, Improved Optimizer, etc.

Expect some regressions

Try Percona Server 5.6

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MySQL Configuration

Do not run with defaults

Do not ever obsess with tuning

More Details: http://bit.ly/1vth5Cu

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MySQL Tuning in 1 slide

•  max_connections •  log_bin •  table_open_cache_size •  table_definitions_cache_size •  open_files_limit •  innodb_buffer_pool_size •  innodb_log_file_size •  Innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit •  Innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT

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Tools and The Process

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Process

• Do not bring bad queries and schema in production

Developers Part

• Catch bad queries • Validate changes in hardware,

configuration, versions

Operations Process

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Queries will be impacted

Hardware Changes

Configuration

MySQL Version Changes

Impact of Data Growth

Changes to the Query Mix

Optimizer Plan Changes

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Tools

PT-Query-Digest from Percona Toolkit

MySQL Enterprise Monitor

MonYog

VividCortex

Percona Cloud Tools

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Percona Cloud Tools

Hosted Performance Management and Monitoring Solution from Percona

Everything I show is available in a FREE version

Register at http://cloud.percona.com

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Data

Queries

Metrics

Configuration

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Design

Capture metrics with 1sec resolution

Go beyond averages

Decouple graphs from metrics

Real-time interaction

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Query Profile

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Specifics

•  Pick Time Range •  Pick Queries you’re interested in

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Server Profile

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Drill Down

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Response Time Stability

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Query Information

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See Change

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Tag, Review, Comment

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Query Execution Details

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See live EXPLAIN

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System Information

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Watch Metrics

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Zoom

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Look at Distribution

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To Sum it Up

It is Application Performance what Matters!

Use Right Tools for Right Job

See what Queries MySQL is Running

Reduce Number of Queries

Reduce Data They Return

See how they can do less work

Do that work more efficiently

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Percona

Support

Managed Services

Consulting

Software

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Peter Zaitsev pz@percona.com

Thank You!