PRACTICAL HANDHOLDING EXPOSURE

Report of “Household survey for Assessment of Toilet Coverageand there quality of construction underSwachh Bharat Mission – Gramin

At Paschim howaibari gram panchayat

UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF

Mr.Bijoy Vaskar Das

SUBMITTED BY

Joydip Paul (Rural study 2019-21)

DEPARTMENT OF RURAL STUDY

TRIPURA UNIVERSITY (CENTRAL UNIVERSITY)

AGARTALA, SURYAMANINAGAR-799022 TRIPURA

Acknowledgements

This study was taken and written by JoydipPaul,master of rural studies, Tripura University

I would like to acknowledge the contributions of the following grampanchayat members for their inputs throughout the study. I also thank bijoyVaskar das who guided the design and production processes of this report, as well as all elected member in gram panchayat who supported and facilitated field study. I also thank from Panchayat secretary for their support during the field study. I conducted this study on regarding practical handholding exposure of the study of department of rural studies, TripuraUniversity. We are grateful to the Government in the RD (Panchayat) Department for realizingthe importance of this critical topic, and for providing us with necessary permissions and panchayat level facilitations. Officials of the Swachh Bharat Mission in the Block also facilitated the study processes.

A

1EXCUTIVE SUMMERY:-

Over 40,000,000 toilets have been constructed across rural India since the start of the Swachh Bharat Mission in 2014. At the back of such progress, a major concern is the quality and appropriateness of design of the toilets. This survey that covered over a 54 households across 699 families under paschimhowaibari gram panchayat: 193 with fully constructed functional toilets and 33 where toilets were under construction. Findings show twin-leach pits (74%) is the predominant substructure technology, followed by single-leach pits (20%) and septic tanks (06%). However, technology choice and construction were many times suboptimal, unsuited to the local geography and not adhering to design parameters. As a result, only 33% of the constructed toilets were deemed sustainably safe (eliminating risks of contamination in the long term); 35% were safe, but would need major upgrades to remain safe in the long term; and 31% were unsafe, creating immediate health hazards. Similarly, only 30% of the superstructures had basic features of user-friendliness. A key factor explaining these challenges is less than a quarter reported toilets were constructed at their own initiative, and less than half recalled having received technical information. Additionally, inclusion is lagging behind, with household belonging to scheduled castes and tribes and those under Antyodaya presenting lower access to sustainably safe toilets, information and construction incentives.

Choosing the right technologies and ensuring quality:-

To step up communication: Provide easy-to-use technical guidance (exploring innovative channels such as mobile apps), conduct trainings and boost information, education and communication efforts.

Improving equity and sustainability:-

To leave no one behind: Make systematic context specific efforts to include vulnerable groups in terms of information, incentives and accountability. Mobilize additional resources for remote or challenging environments.

To pre-empt(y) future problems:Start sustainability efforts, including upgrading single-leach pits, substandard septic tanks and twin-pits not respecting the minimum distance.

B

1. Introduction Page no:-

1.1 Background ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1

1.2 Study objectives ………………………………………………………………………………………… 1

2. Methodology

2.1 Survey design …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1

2.2 Sampling strategy …………………………………………………………………………………...... 2

2.3 Data collection, analysis and dissemination ………………………………………………… 2

3. FINDING ……………………………………………………………………………….. 3 to 10

3.1 Household ……

3.2 Direct observation …

4. SUGGESTION …………………………………………………………………………….. 11

5. CONCLUTION ……………………………………………………………………………. 12

Contents

1

1.1 BaCkgRoUnd:-

With an aim to ensure open defecation free (ODF) India by 2019; Swachh Bharat Mission has been progressing at a rapid pace. Since its start in October 2014, over four crore toilets have been constructed across rural India. Lakhs of villages and hundreds of districts are being declared ODF across the country. However, there are concerns that the rapid top-down implementation focused on construction targets might have come about at the expense of the quality of the implementation. One key aspect within that would be the toilet technology choice and quality of the toilets built, which would affect the sustainability of the mission’s achievements. Given the current pace of progress and the total toilet coverage in paschim howaibare gram panchayat. Regarding practical handholding exposure of the department of rural study, Tripura Universityto conduct a survey-based study to look into the issue.

1.2.Study objective:-

The two objectives of this study were to:

1 toilet covered in GP under SBM Gramin scheme.

2. Assess the types of toilets constructed under SBM Gramin

2.1 survey design:-

I am conducted a survey based study in paschim howaibare gram panchayat in the 2nd to 26th of December 2020. The survey included questions and direct observation, and focused on households with functional toilets and households where toilets were under construction. The survey was administered to the head of the household, when present. The tools were then translated into two regional languages (Bengali, English), verified by experts, and back translated to ensure accuracy. In addition, short structured interviews were conducted with masons to understand their perspectives.

Methodology of the study

Introduction

2

2.2 Sampling strategy:-

Given the focus on toilet technologies, and trying to accommodate time constraints and cost implications, the sampling strategy was based on quota sampling: 54 households were surveyed, including 42 (78%) having a functional toilet and 12(22%) where the toilet was under construction. The households were spread whole village that are recent toilet construction as part of the SBM. These were thus selected through stratified purposive sampling based on a combination of pragmatic and Bias reducing criteria. 54 households in this GP were selected, based on the quota mentioned and ensuring sampling also captured the diversity within the GP (tribe/caste-wise, regarding poverty line etc.)

2.3 Data collection analysis:-

Data was collected in mid-December 2020. Quality assurance included closely monitoring of on-ground activities and quality checks on completed questionnaires. Data was analyses using Excel.

MaP oF gRaM PanCHaYaT

3

Pachime Howaibare GP

Direct observation:-

Table no-1

Toilet cover year Nos of toilet 2018-19 157 2019-20 69

Total 226

this chart show that in paschim Howaibare gram panchayat total 699 family and only 226 family get toilet under SBMG scheme , 2018-19 total 157 family get toilet and 2019-20 total 69 family get toilet.

Finding

4

Table no:-2

Toilet types Total no toilet Construction 42

Under construction 12

In paschim Howaibari GP total 699 family and we are selected household for survey 54, when we are survey in those houses 78% of household toilet are constructed and 22% household toilet are under construct.

78%

22%

Chart Titleconstruction under construction

5

Household :- .

Table no: - 3 Sex wise distribution

Types of toilet male female constructed 32 10 Under constructed 08 04 Total 40 14

The table indicates the sex wise distribution of total respondents. The total respondents are 54 here and male respondents are 40 or female respondents are 14 on my study and the total male respond 42 are constructed toilet and 12 are under constructed toilet.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

male female

construction

under construction

6

Table no: – 4

Caste wise distribution

Types of toilet General SC ST Constructed 16 21 5 Under constructed 5 5 2 total 21 26 7

The table indicates the cast wise distribution of total respondents. The total respondents 54 here and total General responds are 21from their16 are constructed and 5 are under constructed.26 are SC and 21 are constructed and 5 are under constructed. And7 are ST or 5 are already constructed toilet and 2 are under constructed.

16

21

55 52

General SC ST

Chart Titleconstructed under constructed

7

Table no – 5

Category of ration card

Types of toilet BPL + under BPL APL Constructed 30 12 Under constructed 6 6 total 36 18

The table indicates the in total respondents of our serve 36 family are BPL Card holder and 18 families are APL Card holder. And the total 36 BPL family 42 are constructed toilet and 12 are not under constructed toilet.

30

12

6 6

BPL APL

Chart Titleconstructed under constructed

8

Table no -6

Types of toilet

types of toilet Double pit Single pit septic tank constructed 33 7 2 under constructed 7 4 1 Total 40 11 3

The table indicated the total number of respondent 40 family are double pit toilet in their 33 are constructed and 7 are underconstructed,11 family used single pit toilet in their 7 are constructed and 4 are under constructed and only 3 family built septic tank toilet in their 2 are constructed and 1 are under constructed.

9

Table no -7

Period of toilet

Period of toilet getting under SBMG

No of toilet Percentage (%)

More than 3 year ago 0 0% 2 years to 3 years ago 25 26% 1 years to 2 years ago 19 46% 6 month to 1 years ago 10 19% Less than 6 month 0 0%

This chart shows that the total responded most of the responded made toilet underSBM (g) scheme are 2 to 3 years ago.

10

Table no – 8

Types of toilet boundary

types of toilet Bamboo and wood

Bricks and cement Still and wood

constructed 1 37 4 under constructed

1 6 5

Total 2 43 9

This table show that 2 family used bamboo and wood to build toilet boundary, in their 1 are constructed and 1 are under constructed. 43 family used bricks and cement to built toilet boundary in their 37 are constructed and 6 are constructed and 9 families used still and wood to built toilet boundary or 4 are constructed toilet and 5 are under construction.

1

37

41

6 5

Bamboo and wood Bricks and cement Still and wood

Chart Titleconstructed under constructed

11

4.

After complete survey in Paschime Howaibare gram panchayat basis of my observation or serve report I given some suggestion –

1. In paschim Howaibare gram panchayat there are 699 family only 226 family getting toilets under this scheme andnot sufficient in ensuring increased sanitation coverage.

2. Selection of BF there are political issue arearrive because of this reason actual needy person are left to this scheme.

3. Awareness are most importance part to success full any scheme but in this village most of the family not awareness this scheme and their benefits.

4. Closer monitoring of construction can result in improved quality and hack the numbers of substandard technology options such as single-pits.

5. In my study observation SBM gramin scheme toilet construction in only 12000 but in now days it’s not possible to built toilet in this money .so government to think to excavation toilet chamber through MGNRAGM skill workers and this way household capable to built toilet in this money its most benefit to below poverty line household those who are not able to built toilet their own contribution.

5

From the above all it can observed that the village paschim howaibari gram panchayat under TeliamuraR.D Block is poor village still now. Awareness regarding health, job, quality of life, proper hygienic is not properly maintaining due to the reason of poverty. The education level not so high and they are not aware about the technology to build toilet among the beneficiaries under my respondents taken for sample. Swachh Bharat Mission 2014 aim for making India Clean and Open Defecation Free. The Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) has a special focus on constructionsustainable and safe toilets or built Toilet for proper technology follow and behavior change to achieve the goal of making rural India

Conclusion

Suggestion

12

Open Defecation Free (ODF). As the mission completes five years in October 2020, it is essential to evaluate the progress it has made so far in this village and hence adjust the mission’s trajectory for better outcomes. Serve conducted to reality check for this village with respect to progress made on Swachh Bharat Mission front and their quality to built toilet. There has been a tremendous increase in percentage of households having Access to save, sustainable toilet follow proper technology. Despite the good progress so far, there is a long road ahead to achieve the goals of Swachh Bharat Mission in this village. Still, more than one third of the rural households are yet to have access to safe and sanitary toilet. It is hoped that this assessment instills a sense of accomplishment in states as well as other stakeholders and motivates them to accelerate their efforts for timely fruition of Swachh Bharat Mission Gramin.

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