PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE ON RISK ANALYSIS IN FOOD SAFETY EMERGENCY IN INDONESIA

Training Workshop on

Food recall and traceability -Application in National food safety control

Chiang Mai-Thailand, 15 February 2013

Roy Sparringa

National Agency for Drug and Food Control Republic of Indonesia

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4. Conclusion

1. Introduction

2. Emergency Response System in Indonesia

AGENDA

3. Practical experience in food safety emergency response

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4. Conclusion

1. Introduction

2. Emergency Response System in Indonesia

3. Practical experience in food safety emergency response

AGENDA

• Area: 1,904,569 km2 (> 17.000 islands, 33 provinces, 530 municipalities/

regencies)

• The world’s 4th most populous country (238 M in 2010 census)

• Top production [world rank, FAOstat]: rice, paddy [3rd], palm oil [1st], cassava

[2nd], coconuts [1st], maize [6th], cocoa beans [2nd]; also 1st rank for cloves,

vanilla, cinnamon; 2nd rank for pepper; 3rd rank for nutmeg, coffee; and many

more…

Republic of

Indonesia

Great challenge to control food safety in Indonesia

• Wide coverage area of control • Large diversity of foods: products of SMEs, imported foods • Most food business operators are SMEs: often lack of food safety knowledge

and practices • Varying level of consumer awareness in food safety • Limited number of competent food inspectors

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4. Conclusion

1. Introduction

2.Emergency Response System in Indonesia

AGENDA

3. Practical experience in food safety emergency response

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Food Safety Emergency?

A situation, whether accidental or intentional, that is identified by competent authority as constituting a serious and as yet uncontrolled foodborne risk to public health that requires urgent action

Codex Alimentarius in FAO/WHO (2010)

FAO/ WHO framework for developing national food safety

emergency response plans (FAO/WHO, 2010)

1. Obtain high level support 2. Identify key partners 3. Establish a planning group

Integrated Food Safety

System in Indonesia

Ministries/Agencies from

Farm to Table

INRASFF

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Integrated Food Safety System

Rapid response, particularly in emergency situation

Indonesia Rapid

Alert System for

Food and Feed

(INRASFF)

Food Safety Alert and Response System in Indonesia

National Food Safety Committee

CCP NADFC NCP INDONESIA

CCP Ministry of

Trade

CCP Ministry

of Industry CCP Ministry of

Health

CCP Ministry of

Agriculture

CCP Ministry of

Fisheries& Marine Affairs

INFOSAN

International Level

National Level

ARASFF

EURASFF

Other International Contact Points

GOARN

LCCP

LCCP

LCCP LCCP

LCCP

LCCP

EMERGENCY RESPONSE IN INDONESIA

IHR

NCP: National Contact Point CCP: Competent Contact Point LCCP: Local Competent Contact Point

• NCP INRASFF: Directorate of Food Safety

Surveillance and Extension, NADFC

• ISO 9001: 2008 SOP for Food Safety Alert and

Response

• INRASFF secretariat received and followed up 51

notifications in 2012 from EU-RASFF, INFOSAN and

other countries (e.g. South Korea, Thailand,

Malaysia, US)

INRASFF = Synergistic Food Safety Alert and Response System

in Indonesia

Business as usual

Incident

Crisis

Emergency

Food Safety Emergency Response (FAO/WHO, 2010)

INR

ASFF

News, information

Alert, border rejection

Alert

Alert

Food Safety Alert & Response System in Indonesia

FSER

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4. Conclusion

1. Introduction

2. Emergency Response System in Indonesia

AGENDA

3. Practical experience in food safety emergency response

Food poisoning outbreak at school 2007-2011 is dominated by elementary schools (70-79%)

FOOD POISONING OUTBREAKS AT SCHOOL

• School is a place for food safety (WHO, 10 facts

in food safety)

• Targeted food safety for school-based programs

shall be emphasized in public health initiatives

(American Academy of Food Microbiology, 2010)

• The National Movement of Food Sold and

Consumed by School Children(FCSC): initiative

of food safety for school children in Indonesia

• Food safety program in schools is a strategy to

prevent problem which may lead to emergency

situation (e.g. foodborne disease outbreak)

Prevention strategy

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PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE ON RISK ANALYSIS IN FOOD SAFETY EMERGENCY IN INDONESIA

• Melamine contaminated milk powder (2008) • Cronobacter (Enterobacter) sakazakii in milk

powder (2008) • Methylparaben (Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate) in

instant noodle (2010) • Handling notification – Fukushima Event

Nuclear Power Station Crisis (2011)

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16 Sept 08 : First alert was received from secure website of INFOSAN in a form of

INFOSAN Emergency Note Sept – Oct 08: continuously received

Emergency notes. Every note received was reviewed and forwarded to key

stakeholders

Sept 2008 : sampling food

products imported from China, found several products

contained melamine

• Set up National standard based on Risk Assessment

• Nov 2008 – now Monitoring melamine in food product

• 16 July 2012 : Ministry of Health issued maximum level of melamine in food

Melamine Contaminated milk powder (2008)

27 September 08 : Head of NADFC issued

press release to public to inform food brands contaminated with melamine as Public

Warning and risk communication

Public Concern

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Maximum level of Melamine in Foods

MELAMINE

Food Maximum level (ppm)

Powdered Infant Formula 1

Ready-to-eat Infant Formula 0,15

Other foods 2,5

Cronobacter (Enterobacter) sakazakii in milk powder

(2008)

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16 Feb 08 : Publication on a survey of infant formula contained E. sakazakii by

university in Indonesia raised public concerns

26 Feb 08 : NADFC expressed that government focused on

possibility of microbial contamination of E.

sakazakii to infant formula

Feb - Mar 08 : sampling of infant food products,

showed negative result

23 June 08 : Seminar and round table

discussion held to discuss E.sakazakii

prevention

28 Oct 09: Head of NADFC issued a decree No. HK.00.05.1.52.3920 on maximum limit of contaminants in foods 2009 – now : Monitoring about E. sakazakii has continued • Pre-market evaluation • Post-market evaluation

(food sampling, production premises inspection)

• Integrated survey : NADFC, MoH, Universities: no result of E. sakazakii in infant foods (2010 – 2011)

Risk communication July 2008-2009

2010: Indonesia Supreme Court Prosecution to MoH, NADFC and Manufacture responsible as reported in University’s Research

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Food Microbial hazards Maximum level

Infant formula and infant medical formula

Enterobacteriaceae negatif/10 g†

Enterobacter sakazakii negatif/10 g‡

Note: † n: 10 sampels; c: 2 sampels ‡ n: 30 sampels

Maximum level of Cronobacter /

Enterobacter sakazakii in infant formula

E. sakazakii

Methylparaben in instant noodle (2010)

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9 and 10 Oct 2010: reports and mass media publication

on the issue raised public concern due to food recall in

other country recognized that the instant noodle containing paraben as cosmetic preservative

Oct 2010: pre-market evaluation documents,

sampling and monitoring result were assessed

11 Oct 2010: Press Release : inform that instant noodle in

Indonesia were safe to be consumed (case of different standard applied in imported

country)

11 Oct 2010 (3 months): Risk

communication performed to

community and stakeholders

18 Oct 2010 : Sampling of ketchup and instant noodles of

methyl paraben in Indonesia and found no sample exceeding the

maximum limit

Black Campaign

Handling Notification – Fukushima Event Nuclear Power Station Crisis (2011)

11 Mar 11: Import certificates were

issued for imported products from Japan

27 May 11: Minister of Health

issued Max Level of Radiation Contaminant

in Foods

Mar – Sep 11 : INFOSAN INFORMATION NOTE was

accepted by NCP –INRASFF, analyzed and forwarded to

related contact points within 1 x 24 hours

Food Maximum level

I-131 Cs-137

Baby food 50 100

Milk and processed milk 100 150

Fresh Fruit and Vegetable 1000 500

Fish and other sea foods - 500

Food Maximum level

I-131 Cs-137

Meat 500

Packaged water 150

Cereals, including corn wheat and barley

500

Other foods 500

Mar-May 11: Intensive communication was performed to related

stakeholder

RAS 24

Risk Assessment

Science based

Risk Management

Policy based

Risk communication Interactive and ongoing exchange of information and

opinions

Remember Risk Analysis

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Final management decision

Risk management with

identified issue

Risk profile

Decision on

how to proceed

No risk assessment

Consider results

Select management

options

Hazard characterization

Exposure assessment

Hazard identification

Risk characterization

RISK MANAGEMENT

RISK ASSESSMENT

Perform risk assessment

Success of risk analysis during food safety emergencies depending on strong

risk management role with risk assessment supports

Intervention including risk communication

RAS 26

RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS

SELECTION OF RISK MANAGEMENT OPTIONS

MONITORING AND REVIEW

Identify & describe food safety issue

Develop a risk profile

Establish broad risk management goal

Decide whether a risk assessment is

necessary

Establish a risk assessment policy

Commision the risk assessment

Consider the result of the risk assessment

Rank food safety issues and set priorities

Identify available management

options

Evaluate the identified

management options

Select a risk management

option(s) Implement the best intervention as decided (government, industry, consumer)

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RISK MANAGEMENT DECISION

• Assess the outcome

• Review the outcome

PRELIMINARY RISK MANAGEMENT

ACTIVITIES

RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS

Risk management process during food safety emergency in principle is the same, BUT: Need to be quick action, more coordination centrally, usually data / knowledge lacking

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4. Conclusion

1. Introduction

2. Emergency Response System in Indonesia

AGENDA

3. Practical experience in food safety emergency response

• LESSON LEARNED – food safety emergency event requires: timely rapid response,

preparedness, strong and independent scientific expertise, transparency during the process, strong network, legal aspect, good and clear risk communication

– trigger to stronger food control

• FOLLOW UP – Establishment of National Center for Food Safety Alert and Response

(NCFSAR)

– Establishing an independent scientific expert group that provides scientific evaluation (risk profile, empiric scientific evaluation, safety evaluation / chemical hazard, risk assessment, food source atribution, ranking tools)

– Revision of Government Regulation for legal aspect to strengthen national emergency response system

– Improvement of risk based food inspection

CONCLUSION

How much, how often, how big the portion,

concentration / prevalence ?

RISK = HAZARD X EXPOSURE = DOSE OF POISON/HAZARD

Theophratus von Hohenheim

(Paracelcus) 1493 – 1541

Alle Dinge sind Gift und nichts ohne Gift. Allein

die Dosis macht, dass ein Ding kein Gift ist

(All things are poisons, nothing is without

poison; the dose causes a thing not to be poison)

RISK BASED FOOD INSPECTION

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• Preparedness is very critical for the implementation of risk analysis during food safety emergency

• The core of food safety control should focus from reaction and response to prevention. It makes risk analysis during food safety emergencies much easier

TAKE HOME MESSAGES

Terima Kasih Thank you For further Information, please contact:

INFOSAN EMERGENCY CP/ INRASFF NCP: Directorate of Food Safety Surveillance and Extension Jalan Percetakan Negara No. 23 Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia Phone /Facsimile: + 62 21 42878701 Email: inrasff@pom.go.id, sekretariat_jkpn@yahoo.co.id