Practical Distribution and Substation Automation (incl. communications) for Electrical Power Systems
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Transcript of Practical Distribution and Substation Automation (incl. communications) for Electrical Power Systems
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Practical Distribution & Substation Automation (Incl. Communications) for Electrical Power Systems
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Internetwork Connections
• Repeaters
• Bridges
• Routers
• Gateways
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Repeaters
• Connect two segments of the same LAN
• Simply amplify and retransmit the signal to the next segment.
• Repeaters connect different segments...but all segments form one LAN.
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Bridges• Connect two networks.
• Bridge acts as a node as far as each network is concerned.
• More intelligent than repeaters and can reduce the traffic.
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Routers
• Transfer data between different networks and route packets to the correct network to which they are attached.
• This is based on the Network layer (OSI Model).
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Gateway• Connect networks which are totally dissimilar.
• There may be a need to translate all 7 OSI layers.
• High overhead and to be avoided where possible.
• Expensive and low performance.
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A System for:Managing, Controlling and Protecting a Power Network
Power System Automation
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Integrated Electrical Protection, Control, Measurement,Monitoring and Data Communications
Definition
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Electrical Protection
• Local
• Independent
• Never Compromised
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Control
• Local Control» Independent of
Network» Configured by User
• Remote Control» Operator Initiated» Network Initiated
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Measurement
• Electrical measurements and metering
• Disturbance recordings
• Other analogue values
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Monitoring
• Status indications
• Condition Monitoring
• Preventative Maintenance Information
• Sequence-of-Event Recordings
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Data Communications
• Physical Configuration
• Protocols
• Response Times
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Basic Architecture
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Basic Architecture
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Object division
• Consists of intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), modern, third-generation microprocessor based relays and/or remote terminal units (RTUs)
• The communications network :
• Nervous system of power system automation
• Ensures that raw data, processed information, and commands are relayed quickly, effectively and error-free among the various field instruments, IEDs and the SCADA system
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SCADA master
SSupervisory upervisory CControl ontrol AAnd nd DData ata AAcquisitioncquisition
• Receives data and information from the field, decides what to do with it, stores it, and issues requests and/or commands to the remote devices
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