[PPT]On the Concept of Culture - Rutgers...
Transcript of [PPT]On the Concept of Culture - Rutgers...
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On the Concept of Cultureand the Nature of Cultural
Systems
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Definitions of Culture
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“Culture, or civilization. . . is that complex whole which includes
knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a
member of society.”---Sir Edward Tylor, 1871
• Man• Civilization• Complex whole
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Other Definitions of Culture
“A culture is the total socially acquired life-way or life-style of a group of people. It consists of the patterned, repetitive ways of thinking, feeling, and acting that are characteristic of the members of a particular society or segment of society” (Harris 1975, 144).
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For our purposes, culture is shared and learned behavior and
beliefs.
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Characteristics of Culture
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Culture is not the same as nature
Universal human functions to survive:
• Eating• Drinking• Sleeping• Eliminating
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Culture is not the same as nature
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Culture is not the same as nature
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Culture is based on symbols
• A symbol is an object, word, or action with a culturally defined meaning that stands for something else with which it has no necessary or natural relationship.
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Culture is learned:through direct instruction, participating, observation
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Cultures are Integrated
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Cultural Interaction and Change
• Clash of civilizations• McDonaldization• Hybridization• Localization
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Multiple Cultural Worlds
• Class• “Race”• Ethnicity and
indigeneity• Gender and sexuality• Age• Institutions
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Guiding Goals and Concepts of Cultural Anthropology
• Ethnography and ethnology
• Cultural relativism• Valuing and
sustaining diversity
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Biological determinism vs. cultural constructionism
• Are the disturbances that vex adolescents in the US due to the nature of adolescence itself or to our culture?
• Under different cultural conditions, does adolescence vary?
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Interpretive anthropology vs. cultural materialism
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Individual agency vs. social structure