[PPT]Introduction to the Field of Organizational...
Transcript of [PPT]Introduction to the Field of Organizational...
1-2
Introductions• Who are you?• Where do you work?• Experience with Organizational Behavior?• Expectations of this course?• Your first concert or fun fact
Discuss syllabus Groundrules
Introductions
Chapter 1
Introduction tothe Field ofOrganizational Behavior
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
1-4
Practicing OB at Brasilata
Brasilata has become one of
Brazil’s most innovative and
productive companies by applying
organizational behavior
knowledge, including employee
involvement, creativity,
motivation, leadership, teamwork,
and organizational culture.
1-5
Organizational Behavior and Organizations Organizational behavior
• The study of what people think, feel, and do in and around organizations
Organizations• Groups of people who work
interdependently toward some purpose
• Collective entities• Collective sense of purpose
1-6
Satisfy the need to understand and predict
Helps us to test personal theories
Influence behavior – get things done
OB improves an organization’s financial health
OB is for everyone
Why Study OB?
1-7
Organizational Effectiveness
The ultimate dependent variable in OB
Old approach -- achievement of stated goals
Problem with goal attainment• Could set easy goals• Company might achieve wrong
goals
1-8
Four Perspectives of Organizational Effectiveness
Stakeholder Perspective
High-Performance WP Perspective
Organizational Learning Perspective
Open Systems Perspective
NOTE: Need to consider all four perspectives when assessing a company’s effectiveness
1-9
Organizations are complex systems that “live” within (and depend upon) the external environment
Effective organizations• Maintain a close “fit” with changing conditions• Transform inputs to outputs efficiently and flexibly
Foundation for the other three organizational effectiveness perspectives
Open Systems Perspective
1-10
•Products/services
•Shareholder dividends
•Community support
•Waste/pollution
Technological subsystem
Marketing /Sales
subsystem
Production
subsystem
Cultural
subsystem
subsystem
subsystem
Purchasing
subsystem
Engineering
subsystem
Accounting
subsystem
subsystem
Socialization subsystem
subs
yste
m
•Raw materials•Human resources•Information•Finances•Equipment
FeedbackFeedback
subsystem
subsystem
subsyste
m
Managerial
subsystem
Transforming inputs to outputs
Open Systems Perspective
External Environment
1-11
An organization’s capacity to acquire, share, use, and store valuable knowledge
Need to consider both stock and flow of knowledge• Stock: intellectual capital• Flow: org learning processes
of acquisition, sharing, use, and storage
Organizational Learning Perspective
1-12
Intellectual Capital
Relationship Capital
Value derived from satisfied customers, reliable suppliers, etc.
StructuralCapital
Knowledge captured in systems and structures
HumanCapital
Knowledge that people possess and generate
1-13
Employee knowledge, skills, and abilities Competitive advantage because:
• Helps discover opportunities and minimize threats in the external environment
• Rare and difficult to imitate• Nonsubstitutable: Not easily replaced by
technology
The Human Capital Advantage
1-14
Organizational Learning Processes
Knowledge Acquisition
Knowledge Sharing
KnowledgeUse
Knowledge Storage
• Learning
• Scanning
• Grafting
• Experimenting
• Communication
• Training
• Info systems
• Observation
• Awareness
• Sensemaking
• Autonomy
• Empowerment
• Human memory
• Documentation
• Practices/habits
• Databases
1-15
The storage and preservation of intellectual capital
Retain intellectual capital by:• Keeping knowledgeable employees• Transferring knowledge to others• Transferring human capital to
structural capital
Successful companies also unlearn
Organizational Memory
1-16
High-Performance Practices at American Express
American Express encourages employees to go “off script,” meaning that they are empowered to customize their conversations rather than rely on memorized statements. This autonomy is one of several high performance work practices.
1-17
Workplace practices that leverage the potential of human capital
Four HPWPs (likely others)1. Employee involvement2. Job autonomy 3. Employee competence (training, selection)4. Performance-based rewards
Need to “bundle” them – work best together
High-Performance Work Practices
1-18
Corporate Social Responsibility at MTN Group in AfricaAt MTN Group, Africa’s largest mobile (cell) phone company, employees help the community and environment through the company’s award-winning “21 Days of Y’ello Care” program. This photo shows MTN employees in Uganda planting trees during a Y’ello Care event.
1-19
Stakeholder Perspective
Stakeholders: entities who affect or are affected by the firm’s objectives and actions
Personalizes the open systems perspective
Challenges with stakeholder perspective:• Stakeholders have conflicting
interests• Firms have limited resources to
satisfy all stakeholder needs
1-20
Values and ethics prioritize stakeholder interests
Values• Stable, evaluative beliefs, guide preferences for
outcomes or courses of action in various situations Ethics
• Moral principles/values, determine whether actions are right/wrong and outcomes are good or bad
Stakeholders: Values and Ethics
1-21
Stakeholders and CSR
Stakeholder perspective includes corporate social responsibility (CSR)• Benefit society and environment
beyond the firm’s immediate financial interests or legal obligations
• Organization’s contract with society
Triple bottom line• Economy, society, environment
1-22
Economic, social, and cultural connectivity with people in other parts of the world
Improved communication and transportation systems have increased globalization
Effects of globalization on organizations• Cost efficiencies, innovation, knowledge• Increasing diversity• Increasing competitive pressures, intensification
Globalization
1-23
Increasing Workforce Diversity Surface-level vs deep-level
diversity Implications
• Better knowledge, decisions, representation, financial returns
• Manage challenges of diversity (e.g. teams, conflict)
• Ethical imperative of diversity
1-24
Work/life balance • Minimizing conflict between work and nonwork
demands number one indicator of career success
Virtual work• Using information technology to perform one’s job
away from the traditional physical workplace• Telecommuting – issues of social isolation,
emphasis on face time, employee self-leadership
Emerging Employment Relationships
1-25
Systematic research anchor• OB knowledge is built on systematic research• Evidence-based management – decisions and
actions based on research evidence rather than fads, hype, and untested assumptions
Multidisciplinary anchor• Many OB concepts adopted from other disciplines• OB develops its own theories, but scans other
fields
Organizational Behavior Anchors
1-26
Contingency anchor• A particular action may have different
consequences in different situations• Need to diagnose the situation and select best
strategy under those conditions
Multiple levels of analysis anchor• Individual, team, organizational level of analysis• OB topics usually relevant at all three levels of
analysis
Organizational Behavior Anchors (con’t)