Harvard AGPSReferencing

Harvard AGPS is the referencing style used at Kelvin Grove State College

...based on the Australian Government Publishing Service (AGPS)

I

Why Harvard AGPS... What’s the difference?Not much!

• There are some differences in punctuation , formatting and order of content .• Referencing styles have traditionally been associated with different university

disciplines and faculties . Harvard, for example, has normally been used in the Humanities.

• There is no longer one style recommended for a university or even within a faculty or school. Lecturers may specify a style or they may tell students to use whichever style the student prefers.

https://web.library.uq.edu.au/research-tools-techniques/referencing

Know your style, and be consistent!

Referencing is...

• Providing information about the sources you used in your work.

• Part of the research and writing process, not something you put together at the last minute!

• Learning to take effective notes is a large part of mastering referencing

You reference in order to...acknowledge information obtained from

sources used in assignments as required by copyright laws

support ideas and arguments using expert facts or ideas

enable checking the authority and the accuracy of your information

demonstrate wide readingavoid plagiarism

Specialist words in referencing Bibliography and reference list (What is the difference?) Citing Quoting Paraphrasing Summarising In-text referencing

Bibliography vs. Reference ListDid you know?Bibliographies are different from Reference Lists. They include all references used in the preparation of the assignment whether used in-text or not. A Reference List is a list of only those sources used in the assignment.

Teachers are advised to tell students explicitly if they require a Bibliography or a Reference List.

There are two parts to a reference...

• The in text reference• The reference list entry

1. The in text reference

• Located in the text of your essay where you have quoted, paraphrased or summarised an author

2. The reference list entry

• Located at the end of your essay

In referencing, you use different pieces of information to describe different sources...

WWW

Most sources have an author and a year published- this is why they are used as the in-text referencing.

1. The in text reference

• Includes some of the details of your sourceauthor + year (+ page numbers where you paraphrase or quote)

Klaebe (2006, p.140) refers to...

2. The reference list entry

• Includes all the details of the sourceauthor + year + title + publisher + place of publication

Klaebe, H 2006, Sharing Stories: A social history of Kelvin Grove Urban Village, Focus Publishing, Bondi Junction.

References

Gamson, W. A 1992, The social psychology of collective action, Frontiers in social movement theory, edited by A. Morris and C. McClung Mueller, Yale University Press, New Haven.

Klandermans, B 1997, Social psychology of protest, Blackwell, Boston.

McAdam, D., J. D. McCarthy and M. N. Zald 1996, Introductions, opportunities, mobilizing structures, and forming processes: Toward a synthetic comparative perspective on social movements, Comparative perspectives on social movements, J. D. McCarthy and M. N. Zald, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Noonan, R 1997, Women against the state, Social movements: Readings on their emergence, mobi-lization, and dynamics, ed. D. McAdam and D. Snow, Roxbury, Los Angeles.

1In-text

2Reference list

 Add single quotation marks (not double) around the exact words of the author. ExampleBrugman (2002, p. 23) writes ‘citing sources for each idea or item of information you use, whether you quote, paraphrase or summarise or merely refer to it is essential to avoid plagiarism’.

In-text referencing - Quoting Short quotations

Note: Quotes are not included in the word count

Long quotations When using long quotations, 4 lines or more, you need to separate them from your normal text.• set out in a block format (i.e. not part of the sentence)• Indent the block from the left and right margins• Use single line spacing• No quotation marks are necessary• Include in-text referencing details either as a lead in to the block or at the end. ExampleIn A guide to referencing and bibliographies, King describes in detail how secondary school students should reference their work. The author states that:

When you write assignments, it is an accepted procedure to acknowledge the use of all statements, ideas, opinions, conclusions or data you used which came from other sources and authors. This means stating which book, non-book, audio-visual, electronic or graphic material is the source, whether the work is directly quoted, paraphrased, or summarised (King 2010, p. 1).

Ellipsis

When you want to leave out sections of a longer quote, use three full stops with no spaces (an ellipsis) wherever parts of a sentence are left out.

ExampleIn A guide to referencing and bibliographies, King (2010, p. 1) states that ‘…it is an accepted procedure to acknowledge the use of all statements, ideas, opinions, conclusions…which came from other sources and authors’.

In-text referencing: Paraphrasing

Paraphrasing is writing someone else’s ideas in your own words.• You may use technical words that cannot be substituted.• If you paraphrase another person’s work, you still need to include in-text referencing. Example Direct quotationKing (2010, p.1) says that ‘copying other people’s ideas and findings without giving them credit is called plagiarism’. ParaphraseAccording to King (2010, p.1) plagiarism occurs when writers do not reference ideas they have read in someone else’s work and used in their own.

If you use information in your assignment which you have learnt about from a variety of sources and have written ideas in your own words, list the names alphabetically in your in-text referencing using a semicolon (;) to separate the sources. 

ExampleA student’s ability to organise information from a variety of sources in a clear, concise, logical way is central to their success at school (Charlton, 1999; Dunstan, 2007; Moreton & Hone, 1991).

In-text referencingExamples of four (4) methods of quoting

Direct quote:Author is incorporated into sentence

Ian Andrews (2001, p. 22) concluded that ‘Researchers need to refine and develop effective search strategies in order to find authoritative information quickly’.

Direct quote:Author is not incorporated into sentence 

It is quite clear that ‘researchers need to refine and develop effective search strategies in order to find authoritative information quickly’ (Andrews 2001, p. 22).

Indirect quote:Author is incorporated into sentence 

Andrews (2001, p. 22) claimed that sophisticated searching techniques are important in finding information.

Indirect quote:Author is not incorporated into sentence

Sophisticated searching techniques are important in finding information (Andrews 2001, p. 22).

Graphic in-text referencing

As well as acknowledging in-text an author’s written words, you must also acknowledge any visual or table references e.g. pictures, photos, graphs, maps, tables, etc.

You should label all visual references as Figure using consecutive numbers e.g. Figure 1; Figure 2 etc. and table references as Table using consecutive numbers e.g. Table 1; Table 2 

Visual references

Figure 1The World Bank 2011

Average incomes for developing regions, 2010

Title of visual reference

(make it up if it has no clear

title)

Figure + numberReferencing: Author

+ year

Table references

2006 Census QuickStats : Kelvin Grove: Person characteristics

Title of table (make it up if it has no clear title)

Table 1Australian Bureau of Statistics 2010

Table + number

But what if...

Common problems include....

Multiple authors?The rule can change depending on the number of authors

• University of Queensland Harvard Referencing examples– Single author – Two authors – Three to five authors

Even if the source is NOT a book, the rule for multiple authors stay the same

No author?First… look for a corporate author!

In text:

World Wildlife Fund data suggests…. (World Wildlife Fund, 2011).

Reference list:

World Wildlife Fund 2011, Climate change harming polar bear cubs, viewed 14 July 2011, http://www.worldwildlife.org/who/media/press/2011/WWFPresitem19837.html

Still no author?Rule: use the title in place of the author’s name

• University of Queensland Harvard Referencing examples– No author

Even if the source is NOT a book, the rule for no author is the same

No year?Rule: use n.d. to show “no date”

Even if the source is NOT a book, the rule for no year is the same

No page numbers?Rule: use a paragraph number or a subheading to help the reader locate the original information

(Website: use par. nos. – still use ‘p’ or ‘pp.’)

When in doubt... • Have a good look through Guide to Referencing and

bibliographies at Kelvin Grove State College Staff Booklet ... there are lots of examples and advice on where to find further information.

• Ask the Library staff

Just remember to be consistent

Direct quote

Paraphrase

Summary

Note: the direct quote and the paraphrase require page numbers.

1. In-text

References

Gamson, W. A 1992, The social psychology of collective action, Frontiers in social movement theory, edited by A. Morris and C. McClung Mueller, Yale University Press, New Haven.

Klandermans, B 1997, Social psychology of protest., Blackwell, Boston.

McAdam, D., J. D. McCarthy and M. N. Zald 1996, Introductions, opportunities, mobilizing structures, and forming processes: Toward a synthetic comparative perspective on social movements. In Comparative perspectives on social movements,, J. D. McCarthy and M. N. Zald, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Noonan, R 1997, Women against the state, Social movements: Readings on their emergence, mobi-lization, and dynamics, ed. D. McAdam and D. Snow, Roxbury, Los Angeles.

Alphabetical by author family name

Italicise the title of the source

2. Reference list

References

Gamson, W. A 1992, The social psychology of collective action, Frontiers in social movement theory, edited by A. Morris and C. McClung Mueller, Yale University Press, New Haven.

Klandermans, B 1997, Social psychology of protest., Blackwell, Boston.

McAdam, D., J. D. McCarthy and M. N. Zald 1996, Introductions, opportunities, mobilizing structures, and forming processes: Toward a synthetic comparative perspective on social movements. In Comparative perspectives on social movements,, J. D. McCarthy and M. N. Zald, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Noonan, R 1997, Women against the state, Social movements: Readings on their emergence, mobilization, and dynamics, ed. D. McAdam and D. Snow, Roxbury, Los Angeles.

Every reference in the text of the essay....

... Must have a corresponding entry in the full reference list

A book...• To reference it, we need:

– Author– Year– Title– Publisher– City of publication

2. Reference list

Family name (year, page number of information cited)

Family name, Initial/s Year,  Title , Publisher, City of  publication.

Klaebe, T 2006, Sharing stories: Asocial history of the Kelvin GroveUrban Village, Focus Publishing,Bondi Junction NSW.

... as stated by Klaebe(2006, p. 65).

Klaebe (2006, p. 65) stated that “..

...climate change (Klaebe 2005, p. 65)...

1. In text referencing

An article...• To reference it, we need:

– Author– Year– Title– Journal Title– Volume– Number– Page numbers

• If Online, we need:– URL– Date accessed

iPad vs. Everything Else

Compared with its iconic ancestors, the iPod and the iPhone, that's a surprisingly tough question to answer. It runs the same operating system as the iPhone- but you can't make phone calls on it. It has been hailed as the gadget that may save the publishing industry- though its e-reader software, which isn't preinstalled, does not display magazines and newspapers. It features a bevy of games - -but it's neither an Xbox 360-killer nor a handheld device like a Nintendo DSi.

Most paradoxically of all, the iPad takes on the Windows world of netbooks and even more full-featured PCs, though it doesn't run all Web apps. Or print. Or provide a file system that lets you get to all your documents in any app. Those shortcomings would make the very concept of competing with PCs laughable, if weren't for the way its small size, touch interface, and impressive battery life add up to one of the best devices ever built for consuming content of all kinds, from Web pages to books to feature films. It's both more fundamentally limited than a PC and an exciting sneak peek at where interfaces are likely to go- which is why it makes much more sense as a supplement to the other computers in your life than as a replacement for any of them.

2. Reference list

Family name (year, page number of information cited)

Family name, Initial/s Year Article title. Journal title Volume, Issue no., page numbers, viewed  Day Month Year, URL. 

... as argued by McCracken (2010, p. 2).McCracken(2010, p. 2) state that “..

...ipads (McCracken 2010, p. 2)...

1. In-text referencing

McCracken, H 2010, iPad vs. Everything Else, PC World, Vol. 6 No.76, viewed 13 July, 2011, <http://elibrary.bigchalk.com>

A website...• To reference it, we need:

– Author... In this example, a group author

– Year– Title– Date accessed– URL

2. Reference list

Group author (year, page number/ paragraph number/ subheading) Group author Year, Title, viewed 

Day Month Year, URL . 

... as argued by World Wildlife Fund (2011, p. 4).

The World Wildlife Fund(2011, p. 4) states that “..

...decline (World Wildlife Fund 2011, p. 4)...

1. In-text referencing

World Wildlife Fund 2011, Climate change harming polar bear cubs, viewed 14 July 2011, http://www.worldwildlife.org/who/media/press/2011/WWFPresitem19837.html.

Library

CRICOS No.00213J

Division of Technology Information and Learning Support

+www.citewrite.qut.edu.au

Your ‘how-to’ guides to Harvard AGPS

• Student Diary p. 140 & 141

• QUT Written Assignment 2005

Bibliography Bond University Library 2010, Harvard style referencing guide, viewed 7 June, 2011, <http://www.bond.edu.au/prod_ext/groups/public/@pub-is-gen/documents/genericwebdocument/bd3_006498.pdf> Griffith University n.d., Griffith University: Referencing tool, viewed 17 June, 2001,

http://app.griffith.edu.au/reference_tool/index-core.php

King, J. (comp.) 2010, A guide to referencing and bibliographies for senior secondary school students, 3rd ed., The School Library Association of Queensland, Brisbane.

King, J, Kahl, C, Twomey, M, (comp.) 2008, Guidelines for referencing and bibliographies for primary students. 2nd ed., The School Library Association of Queensland, Brisbane.

Learning for the future: developing information services in Australian schools 2001, 2nd ed., Curriculum Corporation, Melbourne.

Queensland University of Technology 2008, QUT Cite│Write, QUT Publications, Brisbane.

Queensland University of Technology 2009, Qut Harvard Referencing Dec09 Ppt Lr viewed 8 June, 2011, < http://www.slideshare.net/saintluisa/qut-harvard-referencing-dec09-ppt-lr>

The Gap State High School 2011, Guide to referencing and bibliographies, booklet, The Gap State High School, Brisbane.

The University of Queensland Cybrary 2010, viewed 8 June, 2011, <http://www.library.uq.edu.au/training/citation/harvard_6.pdf>

The University of Queensland 2010, How to Guide, viewed 14 June, 2011, <http://www.library.uq.edu.au/gatton/useits/harvard/HarvardGatton.pdf>