ppt PowerSystem Protection Compact Part2

ABB Group * | Slide *Protection Application An Overview

Part 2A

Bapuji S Palki, INCRC/PowerTechnologies, 15-11-2009

ABB Group * | Slide *

Typical Parts of a Power Plant Layouts


Possible FaultsStator Earth FaultsRotor Earth FaultsStator Short CircuitsStator/Rotor Interturn faultsExternal faultsGenerator Protection


overcurrent/overloadunbalanced loadovertemperatureover- and undervoltageover- and underexcitationover- and underfrequencyover-fluxingasynchronous runningout of stepgenerator motoringfailures in the machine control system (i.e. AVR or governor failure)failures in the machine cooling systemfailures in the primary equipment (i.e. breaker head flashover)open phaseAbnormal Operating ConditionGenerator Protection


ABB Group * | Slide * Following are the various protections recommended for the generator and generator transformer protection:


Type of fault

ANSI Device No.

Protection Functions

GENERATOR

STATOR

Short Circuits

87G

87GT

21G

51 / 27 G

Generator differential

Overall differential

Minimum impedance (or alternatively

Over current / under voltage)

Asymmetry

Stator overload

Earth fault stator

46G

51G

64G1

64G2

Negative sequence

Overload

95% stator earth fault

100% stator earth fault



Loss of excitation

40G

Loss of excitation

Out of step

98G

Pole slip

Monitoring

32G / 37G

Low forward power / reverse power

(double protection for large generators)

Blade fatigue

81G

Minimum frequency

Inter turn fault

95G

Over voltage or over current

Mag. Circuits

99G

Overfluxing volt / Hz

Higher voltage

59G

Over voltage

Accidental energisation

27 / 50 G

Dead machine

Monitoring

60 G

PT fuse failure



GENERATOR ROTOR

Rotor ground

64F

Rotor earth fault

GENERATOR TRANSFORMER

Short Circuits

87GT

51GT

87T

Overall differential

Overcurrent

Transformer differential

Ground fault

51NGT

87NT

Earth fault over-current

Restricted earth fault

Overhang

87HV

HV winding cum overhang differential

UNIT AUXILIARY TRANSFORMER

Short circuit

87 UAT

51 UAT

Transformer differential

Over-current

Ground fault

51 UAT

64 UAT

Restricted over-current

Restricted earth fault

ABB Group * | Slide *1) InstrumentsField windingground-faultRAGRA(RXNB4)64F50/51Unit aux.transformer


REG 670 Different applications The REG 670 provides protection functions and concepts for:Turbine (frequency, reverse power)Generator (Main1/Main2, Main/Back-up)Generator transformer/Step-up transformerAuxiliary/Station service transformerExcitation transformerREG 670 provides extensive protection and monitoring functionality Protectionand Monitoring REG 670 focus on the optimized integration and function to protect your generator


A Breakthrough for Substation AutomationOne worldOne technologyOne standard

IEC 61850Combining the best properties in a new way...IEC 61850


ABB Group * | Slide *Power transformers in a power system 400 kV AC TransmissionGeneration130 kV Subtransmission DistributionMMVLV


ABB Group * | Slide *315MVA Transformer


ABB Group * | Slide *CoolingIn principle the larger the losses in the Inner Circuit the larger the size of the Outer Circuit (coolers or radiators)There is nevertheless a limit either due to the size of the coolers or to the impossibility of cooling a certain spot (hot-spot) in the Inner CircuitA pump to move the oil is often unnecessary. The generated heat will act as a siphon


ABB Group * | Slide *Types of Internal FaultsEarth faultsShort-circuitsInter turn FaultsCore FaultsTank FaultsReduced cooling


ABB Group * | Slide *Abnormal ConditionsOverload

Over voltage

Reduced system voltage

Over excitation


ABB Group * | Slide *Overload Capability

It is possible to overload power transformers

Older transformers may withstand 140% continuously

Overloading and loss of cooling causes overheating


ABB Group * | Slide * Protective Relays Used ( Transformers > 5 MVA)Gas detector relay ( Buchholz)Over load protectionThermal relaysTemperature monitoring relaysOver current protectionGround fault protectionDifferential protectionInterturn faultsPressure relay for tap changerOil level monitor


ABB Group * | Slide *Protective Relays Used ( Transformers < 5 MVA) Gas detector relayOverload protectionOvercurrent protectionGround fault protection


ABB Group * | Slide * Monitors Monitors are very important devices which detectfaults and abnormal service conditions which may develop into fault.


ABB Group * | Slide *Transformer MonitorsMechanical fault detectorsSudden gas pressure protectionBuchholz protectionOil level monitoringTemperature MonitoringThe oil thermometerThe winding thermometer


ABB GroupNovember 2009 | Slide *Transformer protection with 670/650 series670 series optimized for generation and transmission applications provide versatile functionality, maximum flexibility and performance to meet the highest requirements of any application in generation and transmission protection systems.

650 series your best choice for sub-transmission applications provide off-the-shelf, ready to use solutions for transformer protection applications primarily in sub-transmission networks.IntroductionTransformer Protection670/650 seriesOpennessand flexibilityReliable OperationComplementaryfunctionalityControl CapabilitiesCommunicationOffering andapplication examplesTechnology SummaryRelionSummary


ABB GroupNovember 2009 | Slide *Fully compliant to the IEC 61850 standard

Unrivalled compatibility for new and retrofit installationsDesigned for IEC 61850, implementing the core values of this standardEnsures open, future-proof and flexible system architectures, with state-of-the-art performance Interoperates with other IEC 61850 compliant IEDs

Introduction Line Distance Protection670/650 seriesReliable OperationComplementaryfunctionalityControl CapabilitiesCommunicationOffering andapplication examplesTechnology SummaryRelionSummary


ABB Group * | Slide *The reactor absorbs the capacitive power generated in long lines


ABB Group * | Slide *Shunt Reactor


ABB Group * | Slide * General

Shunt reactors are used in EHV systems to limit the over voltages due to capacitive VAR generation in Long Transmission Lines

The shunt reactors are normally connected Through isolators to a line Through circuit breakers to a busbar Through circuit breakers to the tertiary of a Interconnecting transformer


ABB Group * | Slide * Different locations of reactor


ABB Group * | Slide *Internal FaultsFaults occur in shunt reactors due to insulation breakdown, ageing of insulation, overheating due to over excitation, oil contamination and leakage

Dry air-core reactors Phase-to-phase faults , resulting in high magnitude phase current Phase-to-earth faults ,, resulting in a low-magnitude earth-fault current, dependent upon the size of the system earthing.Turn-to-turn faults within the reactor bank, resulting in a very small change in phase currentOil-immersed reactors High current phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth faults.Turn-to-turn faults within the reactor winding.Miscellaneous failures such as loss of cooling or low oil


ABB Group * | Slide *Abnormal ConditionsInrush currents

Inrush currents flow in connection with energisationInrush currents usually lower than 200% of rated current

Transient overvoltagesTemporary overvoltages


ABB Group * | Slide *Shunt Reactor ProtectionsDifferential protectionDistance protectionPhase over current protectionRestricted earth fault protectionMechanical fault detectorsOil temperature and winding temperature protection


ABB Group * | Slide * Monitors Monitors are very important devices which detectfaults and abnormal service conditions which may develop into fault.


ABB Group * | Slide *Reactor MonitorsMechanical fault detectorsSudden gas pressure protectionBuchholz protectionOil level monitoringTemperature MonitoringThe oil thermometerThe winding thermometer


ABB GroupNovember 2009 | Slide *Shunt reactor protection and controlProtectionPhase segregated biased differential protectionLow impedance restricted earth-faultHigh impedance differential protection

Switching control for lines and buses

IntroductionTransformer Protection670/650 seriesOpennessand flexibilityReliable OperationComplementaryfunctionalityControl CapabilitiesCommunicationOffering andapplication examplesTechnology SummaryRelionSummary


ABB Group * | Slide *Capacitor Construction


ABB Group * | Slide *Power Factor CorrectionKW is the Working Power componentkVAR is the Non- Working Power or Reactive Power component to serve inductive loads, which require magnetizing current:Motors, Transformers, Lighting ballastKVA is the Total Power required to serve a loadCapacitors supply the reactive power componentPower Factor is a measurement of how efficiently power is being used.


ABB Group * | Slide *Increased System CapacityBy supplying reactive current (kVAR) close to the load, capacitors release system capacity on the entire system and reduce costs. Total Power (KVA) = Working Power (KW) Power Factor


ABB Group * | Slide *Voltage StabilityA feeder circuit will have a voltage drop related to the impedance of the line and the power factorAdding capacitance will actually cause a voltage rise by supplying reactive current to the bus


ABB Group * | Slide *ProductsCapacitors HV Products / Filter Capacitor BanksImproving the performance, quality and efficiency of electrical systems


Capacitor banks- General Normally used in MV networks to generate reactive powerSeries reactors are used to limit inrush current

Harmonic filters for thyristor controlled reactors are also variation of capacitor banks having reactance tuned to capacitance

Shunt Capacitors-General

Shunt Capacitor FaultsTerminal shunt faultsCapacitor unit failuresCapacitor unit over voltagesCapacitor rack arc-over

Abnormal ConditionsInrush currentsTransient over voltagesTemporary over voltagesOut rush currents

Capacitor Bank Protections

Short -circuit protection(3I >>)Ground-fault protection(I )Overload protection(3I/U >)Under current protection(I/U

ABB Group * | Slide *FusingCapacitor FusingInternal StringsConventionalFuseless


SPAJ 160 C : Unbalance , Overload and Under current functions

ABB Group * | Slide *Protection Application An Overview

Part 2B

Bapuji S Palki, INCRC/PowerTechnologies, 15-11-2009


ABB Group * | Slide *The Electric Utility


ABB Group * | Slide *Transmission Line


ABB Group * | Slide * Electrical faults in the power systemTransmission lines85%Busbar12%Transformer/ Generator3%


ABB Group * | Slide * Fault typesTransient faultsare common on transmission lines, approximately 80-85%lightnings are the most common reasoncan also be caused by birds, falling trees, swinging lines etc.will disappear after a short dead intervalPersistent faultscan be caused by a broken conductor fallen downcan be a tree falling on a linemust be located and repaired before normal service


ABB Group * | Slide *Measuring principlesOvercurrent protectionDifferential protectionPhase comparisonDistance protectionDirectional- wave protection


ABB Group * | Slide *Overcurrent protectionAre normally used in radial networks with system voltage below 70 kV where relatively long operating time is acceptable.On transmission lines directional or nondirectional over current relays are used as back-up protections. I >block


ABB Group * | Slide *Pilot wire differential protectionPilot wires can be in soil or on towers.The resistance in the wires will limit the use on longer lines. The use is mostly restricted to distances up to 10 km.


ABB Group * | Slide *Digital differential communication Digital communication withoptical fibres or by multiplexed channels L1L2L3DL1DL2DL3DL1DL2DL3


ABB Group * | Slide *Phase comparison Phase comparison relays compare the angle difference between the two currents at both ends of the line.The measured time for zero crossing is transmitted to the other end.Normally a start criteria is added to the phase angle requirement.I1I2e1e2e2e1->>I1I2loadI2I2I1func-tion


ABB Group * | Slide *The principle of distance protectionZ

ABB Group * | Slide *Fault resistancemulti-phase faultsconsist only of arc resistance

earth faultsconsist of arc and tower footing resistance

L1L3L3L1L2L2Footing resistanceRarc = 28707 x L 1.4IWarringtons formulaL= length of arc in metersI= the actual fault current in A


ABB Group * | Slide *Distance protection on short linesQuadrilateral characteristic improves sensitivity for higher RF/XF ratioIt still has some limitations:the value of set RF/XF ratio is limited to 5jXRXFRF


ABB Group * | Slide *Distance protection on long linesLoad impedance limits the reach in resistive directionHigh value of RF/XF ratio is generally not necessaryCircular (mho) characteristic Has no strictly defined reach in resistive direction Needs limitations in resistive direction (blinder)RjX


ABB Group * | Slide *The principle of distance protectionAZ

ABB Group * | Slide *The principle of distance protectionReach setting of zonesR/ X RelationGFC (General Fault Criterion)ZLZbZLGFC


ABB Group * | Slide *PLCC equipment


ABB Group * | Slide *Power Swing Blocking function


ABB Group * | Slide *Series compensated systemCorrect direction discrim-ination at voltage reversal (negative fault reactance)variation in resulted line impedance Consideration for line distance protectionsAF1X =70%CRjXABB70%100%gape not flashedgape flashed


ABB GroupNovember 2009Slide *Line distance protection with Relion 670/650 seriesFor maximum reliability of your power systemFull scheme distance protection with independent phase selectionPower swing detectionWide range of scheme communication logicsFive zone distance protectionPhase to phasePhase to earth faults



ABB GroupNovember 2009Slide *Fully compliant to the IEC 61850 standard

Unrivalled compatibility for new and retrofit installationsDesigned for IEC 61850, implementing the core values of this standardEnsures open, future-proof and flexible system architectures, with state-of-the-art performance Interoperates with other IEC 61850 compliant IEDs



ABB Group * | Slide *Auto reclosing CycleFastsimultaneousFault clearingOH-linesHigh fault-rate(80-90%)


ABB Group * | Slide *AUTORECLOSING CYCLEOH-linesIntermittent faults(80-90%)SuccessfulAR-rate :High (80-90%)


ABB Group * | Slide *Auto reclosing principles95% of faults are transient type3 Ph autoreclosing synchrocheck is usedHelps verify phase angles are not out of phase e.g: due to heavy power swing1 Ph autoreclosing needs identification of faulty phasePhase identification is difficult for high resistance faults


ABB Group * | Slide *Single-pole Reclosing


ABB Group * | Slide *Artificial extinction of secondary arc by Fixed Four-reactor Scheme


ABB Group * | Slide * Need for Busbar protection In its absence fault clearance takes place in Zone-II of distance relay by remote end trippingThis means slow and unselective tripping and wide spread black out Effect of delayed clearance Greater damage at fault pointIndirect shock to connected equipments like shafts of Generator and windings of transformer.


ABB Group * | Slide * Types of BB Protections High impedance Medium impedanceLow impedanceBlockable O/C relay ( For radial systems in distribution systems)


ABB Group * | Slide *High impedance bus differential relayn = TURNS RATIOR = RCT + 2 RLZ = MAGNETIZING IMPEDANCE


ABB Group * | Slide * Limitations of High impedance differential relay Puts stringent requirements on CTs

Need for dedicated CTsIdentical CT ratios , magnetising impedancesAux CTs not acceptable

Inability to cope with increasing fault levels


ABB Group * | Slide *T MDn MDD 1D 2dRIR1Ud3USRADSS medium impedance relay


ABB Group * | Slide *EEDistributed installationREB500 - Numerical Busbar and Breaker Failure Protection


ABB Group * | Slide * Advantages of medium/ Low impedance relays Free from any need for Identical CT ratios or matched CTs Other relays can be included in the same CT core

Increasing fault levels have no impact


ABB Group * | Slide *RADSS IN SINGLE BUS


ABB Group * | Slide *REQUIREMENTS ON THE ISOLATOR AUXILIARY CONTACTSIsolator Aux. Contact a should close before the primary contact closes and Aux contact b closes after the primary contact opens.


ABB Group * | Slide *DOUBLE BUSBAR SYSTEM WITH TRANSFER BUSBUS - ABUS - BAUX. BUS


ABB Group * | Slide *1- BREAKER SYSTEMRADSS - ARADSS - BBUS - ABUS - BL1L3L5L4L6L2


ABB Group April 2009Slide *Busbar Protection REB670


ABB Group * | Slide *History - Circuit breaker developmentExample: 420 kVaround 1960around 1980todays technology


ABB Group * | Slide *InterruptersInterrupter design


ABB Group * | Slide *Relay back-up RELAY SYSTEMRELAYSYSTEM50++--5252a5252aCHANNELCHANNEL


ABB Group * | Slide *For uncleared fault shown CBs to be tripped are 1, 3, 4 & 6Breaker back-upZ

ABB Group * | Slide *Classical CBFP


ABB Group * | Slide *IntroductionMajority faults are earth faultsEarth fault protection depends on type of earthing

Effectively earthed Reactance earthedHigh resistance earthedResonance earthed


ABB Group * | Slide *Measurement of earth fault current


Measurement of zero sequence voltage


ABB Group * | Slide *Earth fault protection in solidly earthed systemsIDMT earth fault relays are used to detect earth faults in effectively earthed system


ABB Group * | Slide *Directional Earth Fault RelayDirectional earth fault relays are usedCan use communication linkInrush current stabilization may be required for sensitive settings


ABB Group * | Slide *Directional earth fault relay for High resistance earthed systemDirectional earth fault relay used when in feed of capacitive current from an object is higher than 60% of required sensitivity

Measures active component of fault current


Earth fault in resonance earthed network


Earth fault in isolated network


ABB Group * | Slide *Directional earth fault relay


ABB Group * | Slide *Restricted earth fault relay


ABB Group * | Slide *ProtectionMonitoringControlCommunicationWhat is Substation Automation ?A combination of:


ABB Group * | Slide *What is Substation Automation ?Substitution for conventional control panelsSubstitution for other sub systemsA more efficient way of controlling your substation


ABB Group * | Slide *The conventional wayTELE-ALARMINGNISATIONBUSBARPROTECTIONLocalControlInter-lockingMeasuringBayProtectionTelecontrolRTUAlarmingSynchro-nizationBusbarProtectionControl Board


ABB Group * | Slide *The New Way


Conventional Control & ProtectionProcess LevelBay LevelStation LevelGIS or AISSwitchgearLocalControlFor each function a dedicated device and separate PanelExtensive station wide cabling Extensive bay cabling MarshallingControl Panel


Substitution of Conventional TechnologySCADA RTUSER / Fault RecorderProtection CubicleControl CubicleRelays for control / logicTransducers, MetersSwitches, LampsAnnunciators, TerminalsInterbay busEthernet SwitchesdgitaldigitalNCC / RCCMicroSCADA ABBPower Automation AGCOM581CCommunicationConverter Bay Control/Protection CubiclesCOM 581 NCC / RCC


Modern Substation Automation (SA)EInterbay busEthernet SwitchesdgitaldigitalNCC / RCCMicroSCADA ABBPower Automation AGCOM581CCommunicationConverter SAMMELSCHIENENSCHUTZ REB500RESERVESCHUTZI0SCHUTZ EIN/AUSAUS220VDC SPANNUNG SYS 1 220VDC SPANNUNG SYS 2SYNCHRONISIERUNG HANDI0VERRIEGELUNG2 x 220/24V DC/DC SPANNUNGSVERSORGUNG-X1Bay Control/Protection Cubicles-Q9-Q2Still extensive bay cablingSAMMELSCHIENENSCHUTZ REB500RESERVESCHUTZI0SCHUTZ EIN/AUSAUS220VDC SPANNUNG SYS 1 220VDC SPANNUNG SYS 2SYNCHRONISIERUNG HANDI0VERRIEGELUNG2 x 220/24V DC/DC SPANNUNGSVERSORGUNG-X1COM 581


Modern SA ArchitectureProcess LevelBay LevelStation LevelFeatures and BenefitsBasic Functionality


Implementation of Intelligent TechnologytiitlIntelligent Primary EquipmentProcessBusInterbay busEthernet SwitchesdgitaldigitalNCC / RCCMicroSCADA ABBPower Automation AGCOM581CCommunicationConverter Drive control & monitoring circuitrySamplingAD-ConversionSignal ProcessingSignal FilteringCOM 581


Intelligent SA ArchitectureProcess LevelBay LevelStation LevelBasic FunctionalityFEATURES AND BENEFITS


Functional Structure of Modern SAGIS or AIS SwitchgearInstrument TransformersPower TransformersSurge ArrestersFunctions AllocationMonitoringScalable System Extensions SCADA Remote CommunicationFault evaluation Monitoring Events and alarmsSupervision & ControlData ExchangeProcess LevelBay LevelStation Level


Intelligent Substation AutomationIntelligent or smartAIS / GIS SwitchgearData acquisitionSensors & ActuatorsPower TransformersSurge ArrestorsMonitoring

Scalable System Extensions SCADA Remote CommunicationFault evaluation Monitoring Events and alarmsSupervision & ControlData ExchangeFunctional StructureFunctions AllocationProcess LevelBay LevelStation Level


Intelligent SA: Control, Protection and SensorsABBInterbay bus 1Interbay bus 2PISA PISA PISA PISA PISAAPISABAbgangsschutz IFeldleitgertAbgangsschutz IISwitchesProcess BusSensors forcurrent &voltage measurementActuator forcircuit breakercontrolActuator forisolator & earthingswitch control


Monitoring via IEDs for Protection


Station level supervisionSingle Line Diagram:


Diagnostic: Fault Recording and EvaluationAutomatic fault location printout


Remote Control via Network Control Centre (NCC)


ABB Group * | Slide *The goal of the IEC 61850 standard




****Today we can present a breakthrough for Substation Automation: IEC 61850. This standard is the very first international standard for substation automation systems. Protection and control suppliers and users all over the world have accepted the standard. IEC 61850 is Combining the best properties in a new way....

***The expertise gained through ABBs strong involvement in the elaboration and verification of IEC 61850 has been included in the design of the 600 series product family to ensure highest performance and full interoperability. The IEDs fully meet the high requirements of the IEC 61850 standard in every respect. All application functions have been implemented as logical nodes according to IEC 61850.

Their performance fulfills the extensive communication tasks, for instance GOOSE messaging over horizontal communication, in addition to all protection and control functions. The 670/650 series IEDs can interoperate with any other IEC 61850-8-1 compliant IEDs, tools and systems. IEC 61850-8-1 is supported by a number of protection device manufacturers and is used world-wide.

REL670/650 are designed for IEC 61850REL670650 are designed for IEC 61850, implementing all the aspects of this standard, which ensures open, future-proof and flexible system architectures, with state-of-the art performance

REL670/650 can interoperate with other IEC61850 compliant IEDsSince REL670650 IEDs are fully compliant to the IEC61850 standard, they will be able to interoperate (including interlocking if needed) with other IEC61850 compliant IEDs from other vendors.

Multi-object protection and control capability The first step towards totally integrated protection and control systemE.g. protection and control for a power transformer and a transmission line with a single IED

Unrivalled compatibility for new and retrofit installations **Shunt reactors are designed for connection to the ends of high voltage transmission lines or to high-voltage cables for the purpose of controlling the line voltage by absorbing reactive power. RET670 provide the complete protection, control and monitoring of shunt reactors with different design characteristics. Phase segregated biased differential protection provides together with high-impedance based differential protection a complete basic protection functionality, supported as well with different back-up functions from the extensive functional library.By using the accurate overvoltage protection function together with directional and/or non directional active and reactive power measuring functions the switching control of dedicated shunt reactors on power lines as well as on corresponding buses is realized. *******REL670 and REL650 line distance protection IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Device) offer extensiveapplication opportunities. They feature full scheme distance protection with independent phase selection,power swing detection and a wide range of scheme communication logics. The IEDs with five zone distanceprotection for phase to phase and phase to earth faults enable you to protect different overhead line and cableapplications using different system earthing principles. The IEDs are also equipped with residual overcurrentprotection functions that enable detection and fault clearance of high resistive earth faults, which are commonespecially in sub-transmission networks.

*The expertise gained through ABBs strong involvement in the elaboration and verification of IEC 61850 has been included in the design of the 600 series product family to ensure highest performance and full interoperability. The IEDs fully meet the high requirements of the IEC 61850 standard in every respect. All application functions have been implemented as logical nodes according to IEC 61850.

Their performance fulfills the extensive communication tasks, for instance GOOSE messaging over horizontal communication, in addition to all protection and control functions. The 670/650 series IEDs can interoperate with any other IEC 61850-8-1 compliant IEDs, tools and systems. IEC 61850-8-1 is supported by a number of protection device manufacturers and is used world-wide.

REL670/650 are designed for IEC 61850REL670650 are designed for IEC 61850, implementing all the aspects of this standard, which ensures open, future-proof and flexible system architectures, with state-of-the art performance

REL670/650 can interoperate with other IEC61850 compliant IEDsSince REL670650 IEDs are fully compliant to the IEC61850 standard, they will be able to interoperate (including interlocking if needed) with other IEC61850 compliant IEDs from other vendors.

Multi-object protection and control capability The first step towards totally integrated protection and control systemE.g. protection and control for a power transformer and a transmission line with a single IED

Unrivalled compatibility for new and retrofit installations ****REB 670 State-of-the art busbar protection from the leading supplier

REB 670 IEDs are designed for the protection and monitoring of busbars, T-connectors and meshed corners from medium to extra high voltage levels. They provide selective, reliable and fast fault clearance for all types of internal phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth faults in solidly earthed or low impedance earthed power systems.

REB 670 features complete busbar protection, which in addition to differential protection includes flexible dynamic zone selection integrated in one IED.

The REB 670 IED continues ABBs strong track record in busbar protection, starting from analog busbar protection relays to numerical busbar IEDs. All these devices have shown an impressive track record with no false operation due to incorrect IED functioning.

****With SCS 200 there is no longer any need for space consuming conventional control panels, which have been used during the last decades. These can be replaced by operator stations which will provide the operators with the same information and much more, but user friendly to improve the operators overview of the process.With SCS 200 its possible to replace also other sub systems such as RTUs (Remote Terminal Units) and event recorders. A gateway can be used to interface control centers, requiring no additional wiring.With SCS 200 the operators have access to more information and functions than in conventional control systems. The extra information and e.g.. the automatic functions will improve the operation efficiency and reliability.*For the discussion of the IEC 61850 we need some definitions.The IEC 61850 uses the terminology station level, bay level, and process level for the equipment on the different functional levels of a substation. The station bus ties devices on the station level and bay level together. The process bus ties devices on the bay level and process level together.The actual topology of the buses is not specified. The station bus ties all devices on the station and bay level together. The process bus (or busses) ties the transducers and actuators of the primary equipment to the relevant control and/or protection IEDs in the bay level.The station and process busses are 10 or 100 Mbps Ethernet busses with electrical wires or optical fibers and network switches, not hubs, for the interconnections. The actual alternatives and referenced standards are given in IEC 61850-8-1.The actual topologies of the buses are defined as needed considering the requirements on performance, security, EMC situation, distances, etc.The physical bus structure is not part of the standard.Process bus (light) is part of next release.

**

ppt PowerSystem Protection Compact Part2

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Transcript of ppt PowerSystem Protection Compact Part2