Allium sativumGarlic

Presented by: Group 1Jasmine ArateaMafe CabilesXandra Keen DancelRandall Gatchalian

Kingdom: Plantae

Phylum: Magniliophyta

Class: Liliopsida

Order: Asparagales

Family: Alliaceae

Genus: Allium

Species: Allium sativumCommon name: GarlicNative Locality: Central Asia

Background

• Allium sativum, (cultivated) garlic, is a species of monocot, bulb-forming perennial. Relatives include onions and shallots (A. cepa), and leeks (A. ampeloprasum). Garlic is not found in the wild—“sativum” means “cultivated”—but appears to have originated in mountainous regions in Central Asia (Brewster 2008).

Background

• Garlic plants are closely related to and similar to onions and they have a similar, but stronger odor.

• Some authorities place the onions, garlics, leeks and their relatives in a family of their own, the Alliaceae, and others put them in the lily family, the Liliaceae. There are about 400 species in the genus Allium, including some magnificent ornamentals.

• Garlic produces various sulfur compounds that, together with their breakdown products, yield a characteristic pungent taste and odor, which may persist on the breath and body for up to 30 hours as garlic is metabolized

Plant Habitat: Terrestrial

Plant Duration: Perennial

Plant Habit: Herb

Plant Height : 0.7 – 1.3 m

Root type: Fibrous

Root Origin: Adventitious

Underground Stem Type Specialized: Bulb

Leaf Type: Simple

Leaf Attachment: Sheathing

Leaf Arrangement: Alternate

Leaf Orientation: Inclined

Leaf Posture: Transverse, squarrosed to recurved

Leaf Position: Cauline

Leaf Blade Shape: Linear

Leaf Blade Length: 30-60 cm

Leaf Blade Width: 2-3 cm

Leaf Blade Base: Sheathing

Leaf Blade Margin: Entire

Leaf Blade Apex: acute

Leaf Blasé Surface adaxial: Glabrous

Leaf Blasé Surface abaxial: Glabrous

Leaf Blade Texture: Soft flexible

Leaf Blade venation: Parallel-veined

BASIC CHARACTERISTIC

Flower Sex Bisexual

Flower Length minus pedicel

 10-20 mm

Flower width minus pedicel  10-15 mm

Flower orientation Acending 

Flower posture Longitudinal 

Flower symmetry overall Actinomophic/ Zygomorphic

Flower attachment  Pedicellate

INFLORESCENCE

Inflorescence Position Terminal 

Inflorescence Bract presence  Spathelike bract

Inflorescence Type Umbel 

Inflorescence Length 12 cm long 

Inflorescence Width 35-75 mm

PEDICEL AND BRACTS

Pedicel If present length 15-30 mm long 

Bracts length 1-2.5 cm long 

Bracts shape  lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate

Bracts base  amplexicual

Bracts margin  entire

Bracts apex  Acuet to acuminate

Bracts surface adaxial  Glabrous

Bracts surface abaxial  Glabrous

PERIANTH

Perianth Cycly Homochlamydeous  Perianth type (if

homochlamydeous)Campanulate to Tubular 

Calyx/ Outer Tepals

Calyx/ Outer Tepals Aestivation Imbricate 

Calyx/ Outer Tepals Symmetry Zygomorphic 

Calyx/ Outer Tepals surface adaxial Glabrous 

Calyx/ Outer Tepals surface abaxial  Glabrous

Calyx/ Outer Tepals venation if unusual Parallel-veined 

Sepal/ Calyx Lobes/ Outer Tepals

Sepal/ Calyx Lobes/ Outer Tepals Merosity

Trimerous 

Sepal/ Calyx Lobes/ O.T. Shape

Oblongate 

Sepal/ Calyx Lobes/ O.T. Base

rounded 

Sepal/ Calyx Lobes/ O.T. Margin

Entire 

Sepal/ Calyx Lobes/ O.T. Apex

 Acuminate

Corolla/ Inner Tepals

Corolla/ Inner Tepals Aestivation

Imbricate 

Corolla/ Inner Tepals Fusion

Aposepalous 

Corolla/ Inner Tepals Cycly if not uniseriate

Biseriate 

Corolla/ Inner Tepals Color

 White

Corolla/ Inner Tepals Symmetry

 Actinomorphic

Corolla/ Inner Tepals Surface

 Glabrous

Corolla/ Inner Tepals Venation if unusual

 Uninervous

Petal/Corolla Lobes/Inner Tepals

Petal/Corolla Lobes/Inner Tepals

Merosity

Dichlamydeous 

Petal/Corolla Lobes/I.T. Shape

Lance-olate

Petal/Corolla Lobes/I.T. Base

Cuneate

Petal/Corolla Lobes/I.T. Margin

Entire

Petal/Corolla Lobes/I.T. Apex

 Acute

Petal/Corolla Lobes/I.T. Length

 1-2 cm long

Petal/Corolla Lobes/I.T. Orientation

 Inclined

Petal/Corolla Lobes/I.T. Posture

Longitudinal 

Androecium

Stamens (Androecium) Cycly

 Biseriate diplostemonous

Stamens (Androecium) Merosity

Trimerous 

Stamen Type Filamentous 

Stamen Attachment  Diplostemonous

Stamen Arrangement  Didynamous

Stamen Position  Hypogynous

Stamen Insertion if applicable

Exserted 

Stamen Fusion  Epipetalous

Staminodes if present No.  3 or 2

Androecium

Filament Shape/ Color White 

Filament Length  5-6 mm

Anthers Attachment  Versatile

Anther Type  Dithecal

Anther Dehiscence Type  Longitudinal

Anther Dehiscence Direction  Introrse

Anther Color Yellow 

Anther Shape  Acute

Gynoecium

Pollen Color Light-olive 

Gynoecium Fusion  Syncarpous

Ovary Position Hypogynous 

Perianth Androecial Position

 Hypogynous

Ovary Color  White

Ovary Length 4-5 mm long 

Ovary Shape  Globose

Ovary Surface  Glabrous

Gynoecium

Styles Number per pistil  3

Style Position  Solitary

Style Shape/Color  

Style Orientation/Posture/Length  Trilobed

Stigmas Number 3 

Nectaries absence/presence Presence 

Nectary type/position  Entomophilous

Carpels number 3 

Gynoecium

Locules Number  3

Placentation  Axile (Apical or Pendulous)

Ovules Number per carpel 2 

Ovule Type  Heminatropous

Ovule Position Campylotropous to anatropous 

Gynoecium

Fruit Type Locullucidal capsuleFruit Color GreenFruit shape Globular to egg shape

Fruit Length 4-7 mmSeed Color BlackSeed shape Ellipsoid to roundedSeed length 2-5 mm

Seed nutrition EndospermousEmbryo type/Shape/Position Staright to curve

Seed Germination type Hypogeous

Medicinal uses:

• Externally it’s used for nose eye ear and throat infections because of the thiamin content in it. Garlic has a measurable amount of germanium (a mineral that strengthens the immune system) and is excellent in healing of wounds.

• In nutrition it’s useful for the control of glucose tolerance for both high and low sugar in the in the body by helping to reduce or increase insulin requirement.

Medicinal uses:

• It also helps to reduce blood cholesterol.• It helps to protect against narrowing of the arteries.• Garlic stimulates the bowel to throw off waste materials.• It also helps to control fever and bacteria and disorder of

the blood. It can be used to expel worms in the body.• Garlic is a powerful detoxifier providing protection

against pollutants heaving metal toxicity.

Medicinal uses:

• Through research it has been shown that out of the 50 compounds present in garlic 10 are active in reversing cancer development.

• it can also be used as mosquito repellant when mixed with olive oil and applied on the body, it is an immune enhancer, liver protecting agent,anti stress agent

Plant DescriptionAllium sativum. Garlic or bawang (native to Central Asia). Alliaceae

Plant an herb, perennial with 0.7 up to 1-3 m tall. Root a fibrous adventitious root. Stem is an acaulescent and usually a bulb, typically enveloped by membranous scale leaves or leaf bases. Pith solid, circular outline. Buds are called bubils. Leaves 30-60 cm long and 2-3 cm wide, simple, sheathing, exastipulate, linear, entire margin, acute apex, glabrous surface, parallel-veined. Leaflets are absent. Infloresecence a terminal scapose umbel with spathelike bracts, 12 mm long and 35-75 mm wide. Flower bisexual,10-20 mm long, 10-15 mm wide, actinomorphic, pedicellate. Pedicel 15-30 mm long. Perianth biseriate, homochlamydeous, campanulate to tubular. Calyx imbricate, zygomorphic, glabrous surface. Calyx lobes acuminate apex, oblong, entire margin. Corolla dichlamydeous, imbricate, aposepalous, biseriate, white, actinomorphic, glabrous, uninervous.

Corolla lobes dichlamydeous, lance-olate, cuneate base, acute apex, entire margin, inclined, 1-2 cm long. Stamens 3+3 (rarely 2 or 3 with staminodes) biseriate diplostemonous, filamentous, whorled, exserted, unfused or epipetalous. Filament white, 5-6 mm long. Anthers versatile, dithecal, longitudinal, introrse, yellow, acute. Pollen light-olive. Gynoecium syncarpous. Perianth/androecial position hypogynous. Ovary superior white, 4-5 mm long, globose, glabrous. Carpels 3. Locules 3. Placentation axile. Ovules many, hemiantropous,campylotropous to anatropous. Styles 1, terminal, green. Fruit capsule, green, globular to egg shape, 4-7 mm long. Seed black, ellipsoid to rounded, 2-5 mm long, endospermous, hypogeous.

Floral Formula: P 3+3 A 3+3 [3,2] G (3), superior [rarely half-interior]

References:

• Encyclopedia of Life. http://eol.org/pages/1084926/details

• The Medicinal Use of Garlic (Allium sativum). http://thenatureheals.wordpress.com/2013/04/28/the-medicinal-use-of-garlic-allium-sativum/

• http://www.stuartxchange.com/Bawang.html• Simpson MG. Plant Systematics. Second Edition.

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