Prevalence of multi-drug resistant Salmonella Typhi in street foods in Dasmarias, Cavite

Presented by: John Royce Gnilo Mark Sumague

Typhoid Fever Affects 20 million people

Water or food-borne disease Caused by Salmonella Typhi Endemic in poor countries

Cases of typhoid in the Philippines

Number of Cases

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Fig. 1 Distribution of typhoid cases by year Philippines, 2005-2009

Fig 2. Infected areas in the Philippines

Numbe r of Cases

Fig. 3 Distribution of typhoid cases by month Philippines

SourcesFoods can be contaminated by bacteria due to improper sanitary procedures

Meat

egg

Poultry

fish products (Rheinlander et al. 2008)

Prevention and Treatment Sanitary measures

Personal hygiene Antibiotic therapy

Drug resistant Resistant to Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol and

cotrimoxazole (Akinyemi et al. 2004). Resistant occurs because they may

accumulate many genes Each coding for resistance to a single drug, within the cell (Nikaido 2009).

Objective Determine the occurrence of multi-drug resistant

Salmonella Typhi in street foods in Dasmarias, Cavite

Statement of the problemWhat is the prevalence of Salmonella in selected street foods and food stalls in Dasmarias Cavite? 2. Are culturable and non-culturable Salmonella Typhi present in selected street foods? 3. Is there a difference between the culturable and non culturable Salmonella Typhi in relation to type of street foods? 4. Is multi-drug resistant Salmonella Typhi present in street foods?1.

Scope and limitations Scope: 1. Food samples 2. Detection of Salmonella Typhi in street foods 3. Determination of drug resistance 4. Molecular detection of Salmonella Typhi 5. drug resistant pattern

1. 2. 3.

LimitationsS. Typhi will only be observed stn gene Antibiotics Street foods that can only be found in 5 stalls

4.

Significance of the study Local Government Unit (LGU)

Public Student researchers

METHODOLOGY

Research Design Cross sectional analysis

Total of 50 samples

Research Setting

Biological Sciences Department Research Laboratory

De La Salle Health Sciences and Institute

De La Salle University- Dasmarias

Sample Collection

Isolation of SalmonellaHomogenization broth incubate at 37C for 18 hrs Streak plating in SSA

Observation

incubate at 37C for 24 hrs

Enrichment 24 hrs Colonies Antimicrobial Susceptibility Assay

centrifuge Genomic DNA kit Enriched sample

PCR

Gel Electrophoresis

Data Gathering and Statistical AnalysisTable 1. Cross-sectional analysisSalmonella (+,-)stall sample replication culturable 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 3 1 2 4 1 2 5 1 2 non culturable Salmonella Typhi (+,-)

Note : Same procedure in stalls 2,3,4 and 5.

Table 2. Multi-drug resistance of the isolatesAntiobiotic: Sensitive or Resistant ( less than 14 mm ) isolates ampicillin chloramphenicol cotrimoxazole streptomycin tetracyline

1

2

3

4

5

Note: 30 isolates will be conducted

Statistical Analysis ANOVA

STATA 9.0 p