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Presentation by :- NAVEEN PRATAP SINGH ID No. :- 13078 YEAR :- BSc Ag 3rd year BATCH :- BTopic:- METHODS OF PLANT BREEDINGWhat is PLANT BREEDING ?

ARTSCIENCEWhat is the importance of plant breeding?breeding new crops is important for ensuring globalfood security by developing new varieties that are higher-yielding, resistant to pests and diseases, drought-resistant or regionally adapted to different environments and growing conditions.Increased yield without expansionBreeding for increased nutritional value

Popular scientists in Plant breeding

Norman E Borlaug"Father of the Green Revolution,"Prof. MS Swaminathan "Indian Father of Green Revolution"Themost important factor for plant breedingisgenetic variationin the desired characteristic.For example, a farmer who wants to select a plant with resistance to an insect pest will watch for the plants that survive an insect attack. Another farmer wanting larger fruits will save seeds from plants yielding the biggest fruits in the field.The most important factor for basic selective breeding is to start with plenty of genetic variation (top diagram) and to select and multiply the characteristic of interest (bottom diagram).As a result from breeding, most of the species we rely on for food are very different from their wild relatives.

Steps of plant breeding

The following are the major activities of plant breeding:

Collection of variationSelectionEvaluationReleaseMultiplicationDistribution of the new variety

Introduction of PlantsProcess plants introduced from their Native place to Another place for Crop Improvement.A). INTRODUCTION. B). ACCLIMATIZATION

A). INTRODUCTIONIntroduction of a Plant from their Native place to Another place which having different Climate,Sexually Reproducing plants introduced by means of Seeds.Vegetatively Reproducing plants introduced by means of Cutting, Layering, Graft, Bulb & Tubers.

B). ACCLIMATIZATIONFor Successful introduction, The introduced plant has to Adopt itself to grow he New area.Ability of Introduced plant to Survive in the New Climate & Soil Condition.

Breeding methodsInbreeding OutbreedingHeterosis

INBREEDINGMating of Parents who are Closely Genetically related.

METHOD OF INBREEDINGMarriage between Brother and Sister in plant is an Ideal Inbreeding.In Plants, It Occurs in the Form of Self Pollination

MERITS AND DEMERITSMERITS OF INBREEDING DEMERITS OF INBREEDINGIncrease in homozygotes.Production of pure line.Elimination of deleterious recessive character.Production of valuable breeds.Low yeild.Inbreeding depressionAppearance of deleterious character.OUTBREEDINGMating of Unrelated individuals.Also known as Cross Breeding. The offspring formed by mating of Two unrelated parents. TYPES OF OUTBREEDINGA) INTRASPECIFIC : Matting between Members of Same Species.B) INTERSPECIFIC : Matting between Members of Different Species.C) INTERGENERIC :Matting between the Members of Different Genera.

MERITS OF OUTBREEDINGIncreased genetic variability because of meiosis and genetic recombinationcan exchange genes.Adaptation to changing conditions.May allow plant to live under a wider range of conditions or to grow faster because of greater tolerance.There is no INBREEDING DEPRESSION .

HETEROSIS BREEDINGThe Increased growth vigour or yield of hybrids over the Parents is known as Heterosis or Hybrid vigour.Heterosis means Deviation of Offspring from the Actual Character of Parents.

So we came to know that with the help of PLANT BREEDING we can raise a new improved varieties with various characteristics like HIGHER YEILD, RESISTANT TO DIFFERENT STRESSES , HIGH NUTRITIONAL VALUE etc which is very necessary for feeding the INCREASING POPULATION . As it is estimated that a 70% increase in food production is needed by 2050 in order to meet the Declaration of the World Summit on Food Security . So finally we can conclude that plant breeding is an essential tool in gearing future agriculture to perform at a more advanced level.