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FEReview CourseManualInstructors Reference


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FE Review Course ManualLesson 10: Thermodynamics

Lesson 10: Thermodynamics

Suggestions for Instructor Review Prior to Class

FERM chapters 2630

Overview

Understanding the fundamentals of thermodynamics is the foundation to understanding heat

transfer and power cycles. Be sure to give the Thermodynamics lesson prior to either of these

other lectures.

To work steam table problems, students should be familiar with the table in the NCEES

Handbook. It is formatted differently than the tables in FERM (Tables 26.5 and 26.6). In

particular, the pressure units change from kPa to MPa part way down the table.

General Advice

After this weeks study, students should understand: How the physical properties of a substance change as it goes from a solid to a liquid to a

gas

How to use the steam tables

How to use the psychrometric chart

How to apply the first law of thermodynamics (for open and closed systems)

The difference between enthalpy, entropy, and internal energy

Students should also be able to remember without looking up:


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10-1 Single-Component

SystemsThe number of moles and

molecular weight do not change

in a single component system.

Note: The NCEES Handbook

uses specific properties

(volume, entropy, etc.), as

opposed to molar properties or

the properties of the entiresystem, and the specific

properties are given lower-case

symbols, and properties of the

entire system are given upper-

case symbols.

Example: Single-component

systems

10-2 Single-ComponentSystemsState Functions

Pressure (P) the limit ofthe force per unit area as

the area goes to zero.

Avoid common error of

using gage pressure insteadof absolute pressure.

Temperature (T) Avoidthe common error of

working problems in


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State Functions (continued)

Entropy (s) measure of

the disorder in a system.Unlike the other energy-

related properties, entropy

does not have units of

specific energy. Entropy

must be multiplied by the

temperature to get energy.

Gibbs free energy (G) the maximum energy

available to do nonpressurework.

Helmholtz free energy (a) the maximum energy

available to do all kinds of

work.

Heat capacity a materialproperty. (For problems on

the FE exam, the heat

capacity will be constant.

Heat capacities and heat

capacity ratios are given in

the NCEES Handbook.)

10-3 Two-Phase SystemsQuality (x)

~ Fraction of the total mass that

is saturated vapor.

~ The specific properties of the

two-phase system depend on

the quality.


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FEReview CourseManualStudent Handouts


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Lesson 10: Thermodynamics

General Advice

After this weeks study, students should understand:

How the physical properties of a substance change as it goes from a solid to a liquid to agas

How to use the steam tables

How to use the psychrometric chart

How to apply the first law of thermodynamics (for open and closed systems)

The difference between enthalpy, entropy, and internal energy

Students should also be able to remember without looking up:

The ideal gas law (and the associated Boyles and Charles Laws)

Daltons Law of Partial Pressures


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Systems___________________________

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SystemsState Functions

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10-3 Two-Phase Systems

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Professional Publications, Inc. FERC

10-1ThermodynamicsSingle-Component Systems

Definitions:

Intensive properties: independent of system mass

Extensive properties: proportional to system mass

Specific properties: extensive properties divided by mass

Example (FEIM):Which of the following is an extensive property?

(A) temperature

(B) weight

(C) composition

(D) pressure

Weight is dependent on the amount of material, so it is extensive.

Therefore, (B) is correct.


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10-2bThermodynamicsSingle-Component SystemsState Functions

Entropy: (constant temperature processes)

Gibbs Free Energy:

Helmholtz Free Energy:

Heat Capacity:

- At constant pressure:

- At constant volume:

"S=Q

T0

cp=

"h

"T

#

$%

&

'(p

cv= "u

"T#

$% &

'(v


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10-3ThermodynamicsTwo-Phase Systems

Quality (x) the fraction by weight of the total mass that is vapor

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