Pp&B

August 2001 Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium PP&B 1

Power Plant & Power Plant & BatteriesBatteries

(PP&B)(PP&B)


PP&BPP&B

© Copyright 2001 Global Wireless Education Consortium

All rights reserved. This module, comprising presentation slides with notes, exercises, projects and Instructor Guide, may not be duplicated in any way without the express written permission of the Global Wireless Education Consortium. The information contained herein is for the personal use of the reader and may not be incorporated in any commercial training materials or for-profit education programs, books, databases, or any kind of software without the written permission of the Global Wireless Education Consortium. Making copies of this module, or any portion, for any purpose other than your own, is a violation of United States copyright laws.

Trademarked names appear throughout this module. All trademarked names have been used with the permission of their owners.


PP&BPP&B

Partial support for this curriculum material was provided by the National Science Foundation's Course, Curriculum, and Laboratory Improvement Program under grant DUE-9972380 and Advanced Technological Education Program under grant DUE‑9950039.

GWEC EDUCATION PARTNERS: This material is subject to the legal License Agreement signed by your institution. Please refer to this License Agreement for restrictions of use.


Table of ContentsTable of Contents

Overview 5

Learning Objectives 6

Power Plants 7

Rectifiers 11

Batteries 15

Converters 28

Remote Power Applications 33

Contributors 44


OverviewOverview

This module will address the following topics: Power Sources Power Plants Power supplies Rectifiers Converters Batteries


Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

At the end of this module, participants will be able to: Describe the typical power sources found at a cell site. Differentiate between a power plant and a power

supply. Explain the technologies, discharge cycle, and life

expectancy of various battery sources. Explain the theory and design principles of a power

plant in a telephony network.


Power PlantsPower Plants


Power Plant FunctionPower Plant Function

Change AC to DC at the required voltage and polarity Store energy in the event of AC failure Distribute the DC to the equipment loads


Power Plant ComponentsPower Plant Components

RectifiersPowerBoard(PBd)Batteries


Main Battery Only PlantMain Battery Only Plant

Charge Bus Load Bus

Return Bus

C.O. Ground

Batteries

Rectifier

Rectifier

Rectifier

Rectifier

Eq

uip

men

tE

qu

ipm

ent

Lo

ads

Lo

ads

A

+

-

+

-

Eq

uip

men

tE

qu

ipm

ent

Lo

ads

Lo

ads


RectifiersRectifiers



Rectifier

Input Output+

-


Switchmode RectifierSwitchmode Rectifier


Rectifier FeaturesRectifier Features

Each company’s product selection group reviews the features of rectifiers being considered for purchase.

Based on this review, a list of approved products is published


BatteriesBatteries


Types of BatteriesTypes of Batteries


Pure Lead – Round CellPure Lead – Round Cell


Valve Regulated Lead Acid Valve Regulated Lead Acid BatteriesBatteries


VRLA BatteriesVRLA Batteries


Battery Reserve TimeBattery Reserve Time

Standby AC Plant On-site Portable

Office – attended or unattended Reliable utility AC at location Travel time Company policy Regulatory requirements


Battery Strings in Parallel Battery Strings in Parallel

Cells in Series-Voltage

Adds

Batteries in Parallel – Current Adds

. . .. . .

. . .

Lo

ads


Discharge CurvesDischarge Curves

52

50

48

46

44

Float

Time Hours

Reserve Time with two strings

Battery V

oltag

e

Reserve Timewith one string

Lower voltagelimit of served

equipment

Float Voltage = 52.08V


Effects of Aging and Effects of Aging and Replacement CriteriaReplacement Criteria

120

100

80

60

40

20

% C

apac

ity

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100% of Rated Battery Life


Power BoardPower Board


Power Plant ControlPower Plant Control


Microprocessor ControlMicroprocessor Control


Power DistributionPower Distribution


ConvertersConverters


ConvertersConverters

DC-DC Converter

Input Output++

--

++

--


Converter CharacteristicsConverter Characteristics

Output stability Constant power output


Converter ApplicationsConverter Applications

Embedded converters Converter plants


Converter PlantsConverter Plants

Metering, FusingMetering, Fusingand Alarmsand Alarms

ConverterConverterModuleModule







Remote Power Remote Power ApplicationsApplications


Remote StructuresRemote Structures

Customer premise Leased space Cabinets Huts (AG/EEE)


CabinetCabinet

EquipmentEquipmentCabinetCabinet

PowerPedestal

InterfaceCabinet

BatteriesBatteries(Optional Location)(Optional Location)


HutHut

Equipment Bays

Equipment BaysBulk Power

Bay

A/C and Heater Unit

CommunicationsCable Entrance

ElectricServicePanel


DC Power PlantsDC Power Plants

Rectifier

Rectifier

Battery

Battery

ChargeBus

BatteryBus

LVD/RAmmeter

ShuntDCLoads

PowerBoard

Alarm MonitoringCenter

Dial-up Statusand Polling

Status, Alarm,Data Acquisition,and Reporting

Retu

rnB

us

Dischg.Bus


Power Plant CapabilitiesPower Plant Capabilities

Small Single-BayPower Plant

Medium and LargeTwo-Bay

Power Plant

Distribution Fusing,Control, Monitoring,& Alarm Panel

Rectifiers

Batteries

Batteries

DC to DCConverters

Rectifiers

Monitoring,Alarm, and Control Panel

DistributionFusing


Environmental Environmental RequirementsRequirements

Ceiling height Floor loading Floor supported systems Cabling & lighting Standard floor plans


Floor PlansFloor Plans20 - 0

20 - 0

String AString E

String D String C

Battery Strands withSpill Containment Trays

String E

++

+

ACPDBC

+RectifiersDC-DC Conv.,

Inv., etcCont &Dist’n

Fut.


Ceiling HeightCeiling Height

12’ 6”Bus bar or

Cabling

PowerCabinet 1

0 F

oo

t M

ax

.(I

nc

lud

ing

Eq

uip

me

nt

Ca

ble

an

d C

lea

ran

ce

)

Air Duct

Batteries


Power Plant SelectionPower Plant Selection

Environmental Space/Floor Loading DC Output AC Input Power


Industry ContributorsIndustry Contributors

The following companies provided materials and resource support for this module:Telcordia Technologies, Inc (www.telcordia.com)


Individual ContributorsIndividual ContributorsThe following individuals and their industry or educational institutions provided materials, resources, and development input for this module:Branislav Rosul

College of DuPage http://www.cod.edu/

Philip DiPiazza Florida Institute of Technology http://www.fit.edu/

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