(Pp. 242-259) W. M. Ramsay, A. H. Sayce - On Some Pamphylian Inscriptions

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On Some Pamphylian InscriptionsAuthor(s): W. M. Ramsay and A. H. SayceSource: The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 1 (1880), pp. 242-259Published by: The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies

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242

ON

SOME PAMPHYLIAN

INSCRIPTIONS.

ON

SOME

PAMPHYLIAN

INSCRIPTIONS.

IN an

interesting

paper

which

appeared

in

the

Zeitschrift

fiar

Numismatik,

1877,

Dr.

Friedldinder

has

brought

together

some

remarkable

inscriptions

on coins of

some

Pamphylian

cities;

but

it

cannot be

said

that he

has

added

anything

to

their elucidation

beyond

what

had

been

already

done

by

the late J.

Siegismund

in

Curtius'

Studien,

vol.

ix.

p.

87.

During

the last few

weeks

before I

left

England,

my

attention

was

drawn

to

these

and

to

the

long inscription

from Assarkeui, the ancient

Sillyon,

which

is

given

very inaccurately

in

B6okh,

C.

I.

G.,1

and

more

correctly

by

Hirschfeld

in

the

Monatsber.

d.

Berl.

Ak.

1874,

p.

714

;

and

the

following

notes are the

result

of the

conversations

and cor-

respondence

which

I

had with

Professor

Sayce

on the

subject.

Throughout

the

paper,

Professor

Sayce's

name

will often

recur,

but it

must be

distinctly

understood

that

even

where

his

name

is

not

mentioned,

and

where

he

might

not

agree

with

the

views

expressed, his suggestions have been used, and the whole might

have

been

more

justly,

as it

would

doubtless

have

been

better,

written

by

him.

I

put

forth

the

paper

with

-much

diffidence,

as

I

have

been

obliged

to

write

it without access to

a

good library,

and am

therefore

obliged

to

trust to

memory

for

a

great

many

facts,

and

to

want

the

additional

light

which

good

authorities

would

supply.

Hence

throughout

the

paper

few references

are

given,

and these usually in general terms. Several times Ahrens's

articles

in

Philologus,

xxxv.

xxxvi.,

on the

Cyprian

Dialect

are

quoted

as

Ahrens,

Cypr.,

no

clearer

reference

being

possible.

1

iii. 1160

sq.

See also

Bailie,

Fasciculus

Inscriptionum,

ii.

229,

Kirchhoff,

Studiec

&c.

p.

44

sq.

(3rd

Ed.),

and

Lebas, Voyage

archdologique,

iii.

1377

(and

p.

335).








ON SOME PAMPHYLIAN INSCRIPTIONS. 243

I.

I

begin

with the

inscription

found

on certain

coins

XEAYVAIYI.

These coins are thus

described'-

(1)

Obv.

Head

of

bearded

warrior

r.

Rev.

Male

figure

standing.

Inscription.

(2)

Obv.

Head

of

Apollo

r.

laureate.

Rev.

Zeus

Aetophoros

seated.

Inscription.

(3)

Obv.

Same.

Rev. Thunderbolt.

Inscription.

They belong

to

about

the

third

century

B.C.

According

to

Friedlainder

(1. c.),

they

were at one time attributed to the town

of

Selge

in

Pisidia,

and

M.

Waddington

first

rightly

assigned

them to

Sillyon.

The

coins

of

this

city

from

a

little before the

Christian

era

generally

bear

the

legend

ZIAAYE.QN;

but the

spelling

varied

very

much

in

ancient

times,

as we

have

the

forms

1Xovov,

BVXXtov,

.vXeCov,

6kXXov,

nd

,6Xatov.

In the

Sillyon

inscription,

line

3

(and

probably

line

1),

we

find the same

adjective

as on the

coins

in

the

form

IEAY~

IIOX.

A

third

form, IEAYV IIYI, must have been used, though I do not know

that

any

instance

of

it

has been

preserved.

Of

the

legend,

the

latter

part,

IIYX,

is

found on

the

coins of

Aspendus

treated

by

Siegismund

(1.

c.),

EITF

EAl

IYVI,

and

has been

rightly

explained

by

Friedlander

following

him.

The

second

I

represents

the

Y

sound

developed

after

t

before

a

vowel. In

Lycian

also

after

E,

which

denotes

the

Greek

I,

t

is

inserted before

a

vowel.

The

original O

of the

termination

sometimes becomes

Y

as

in

the

Latin Second IDeclension,and thus IIVY has been evolved from

the

regular

Greek

ending

toq.

There remains now

only

the

\f

to be

explained.

This

symbol

also occurs several

times

in

the

Sillyon

inscription;

and

its value has not

as

yet,

so

far

as

I

know,

been

determined.

It

seemed

to

me at

first

that

it

must

be a sound

like the

English

n

or

w;

but Professor

Sayce

suggested

more

accurately

that

it

had in

many

cases

a

syllabic

value,

which

is,

I

think,

quite

certain. In the case before us it can represent only the w sound

evolved after

v

before a

vowel.

The termination

-to-

has

to

be

added to

the

stem

YeXov or

XeXv,

and

in

the

pronunciation

of

1

For the

description

of these

and

other

coins I

am indebted

o Mr.

Percy

Gardner,

nwhose

authority

lso

I

give

the

period

o

which

they

belong.

It jl~








ON

SOME PAMPHYLIAN INSCRIPTIONS.

245

that

some

peculiarity

in

the

pronunciation

of

the

two

diphthongs,

av and

ev,

was common

in

the south-western

parts

of

Asia

Minor.'

We have in the

Lycian

bilingual inscription

of

Lewdisii

aorJ

and

Jaorovv;

on a coin

of

Cnidus,

E0flXko

for

E',oViXov;

in

the

inscription

from

Mycale

(C.

I.

G.

No.

2909),

a3roi;

in

that

from

Priene

(C.

I.

G.

No.

2907),

Xe6Kot9;

in

that from

Samos

(see

G.

Curtius,

Wesel.

Program. 1873),

ebovoav, Tao~a,

aordo,

ao'rcr,

ab&7ot, a3roTi5;

in

the Carian

inscription published

by

Mr..

Newton

in

the

appendix

to

his

Essays

on

Art

and

Archaeology,

aoTo;

and

many

cases

might

be

quoted

from

Erythrae

and

Chios.2 In this pronunciation the number of syllables remained

the

same,

for

in

the Priene

inscription

XEdKOL'

s

a

spondee.

The

Ionic

form

COVTr9,

usual

in

Herodotus,

is

probably

closely

akin,

as

I

shall

try

to

show.

Savelsberg,

who

gives

most

of

these

instances,

considers

that

the v

(which

must

therefore,

he

argues,

have

retained

its

ancient

value

u,

and

not

suffered

the

modification common

in

Greek)

has

passed

into the

closely

akin

sound

o;

but

long

before

I

imagined

that

the intermediate

step

was aFo, CFo,and I think that the Pamphylian forms confirm

this

view. These

must,

according

to the ideas

here

advanced,

represent

the

English

value

awittos,

.ewu-pra...

;

and

in

the

Ionic,

Lycian,

and Carian

forms

a

very

slight

change

resulting

from

the

tendency

to

dissimilation

produced

aFo,

eFo,

ike

the

Latin

voltus,

&c.,

and

finally

do,

do;

while

in

Herodotus

aF

became

by

an

easy

and

common transition

co.

This

parasitic

W sound

has

a

tendency

to come

in

quite

as

much before as after the v to separate it from another vowel:

and

similarly

the

parasitic

Y

is found both

before and

after

an

original

t.

Thus

in modern Greek we have

b'ryto

or

olos,

where

of course

7y

s

pronounced

Y.

No one

will think it

diffi-

cult

that

aFo,

eFo

should

make

only

a

single

syllable

in

pro-

nunciation,

if

he

looks

at

the

way

in

which modern Greek

runs

together

several

vowels

and

semivowels

into one

syllable.

While

in

Sillyon

the

two

symbols

seem

to have been

used

side

by

side

according

to definite

rules,

we need not

be

surprised

to

find

/\

employed

in

other

parts

of the

country

instead of

F,

i.e..

in cases

where

the

rules

observed in the

Sillyon inscription

would

lead

us

to

expect

F.

This seems

to be the case

on

1

The forms

alluded to

occur

in

other

parts

of

Greece,

e.g.,

Amphipolis,

Crete,

&c.,

but

not

so

frequently.

2

Aninstance

from

Delos,

supra,

p.

59.








ON

SOME

PAMPHYLIAN

NSCRIPTIONS.

247

feminine,

n

PEI

IAX,

where

the

Y is

represented by

the

symbol

1,

as

in

ZEAYA IIO

Z.

V\AN

Al4AI

must therefore be the

genitive

of the name

or

epithet

of

the

goddess.

L4I

is

not

unlike

the Greek

9,

but

to understand

it

in

this

value

as

Friedlander

gives

a

hopeless

word.

In the Carian

inscriptions

the

symbol

Y

occurs,

and

Professor

Sayce

had

conjectured

that

there

it

has the

value

o-a.

When

I saw

this

among

his

notes,

it at once occurred

to

me

that

this was

the

value

required

on

the

coins of

Perga:

and in

the

ordinary

Greek

characters

we have then the form

Fava'oao-a

Ipeyylav,

the

7

being pronounced as it would be in modern

Greek.

L'-

and

N"

occur as

equivalent

forms

in

the

Phoenician

alphabet.

I

believe that this

symbol

Y

or

LfJ

was

used

in

the

alphabets

of

Caria,

Lycia,

and

Pamphylia

to denote a

sibilant,

which

is

not

recognised

in

the

Greek

alphabet,

though

it

was

probably

used

by

them at least

in

parts

of

the

country.

In

Lycian

the

value

of Y has been

variously given.

It is

certainly

near

enough

to

the

guttural

series

to

be used

in

the

combination

YZL or 'f II with the value of the Greek

4.

It cannot be the

Greek

ic,

which

occurs

in

Lycian;

and

Lassen,

Sharpe,

&c.,

were

certainly

wrong

in

taking

it

as

r

(see

M.

Schmidt,

Vorstudien

z.

Entziferung

der

Lyk.

Spr.

and

Corpus

of Lycian

Inscr.).

Schmidt

himself

assigned

it

the value kh: but

in

his

Neue

Lykishe

Studien

he

publishes

without

comment

a

paper by

Pertsch

giving

it a value between

k

and

s,

viz,

the

palatal

sibilant,

Sanskrit

7[.

It

is

used

once to

correspond

to

the

Greek

4

in the name of Pixodaros, the Carian prince: on the

other

hand,

the

Greeks

sometimes

spelt

this Carian

name

1a-pe8apog,

and

a coin

perhaps gives

Htac'ca[pov]

(see

Pertsch,

1.

c.

p.

7).1

In the

Cyprian

dialect

Ahrens

Uypr.

has shown

that

a similar

sibilant

existed.

It occurs

in the

syllabary

in

conjunction

with

the

vowels

a,

e,

and

u:

but

though

this

same

symbol

Y

or

LJ

occurs

in the

syllabary,

it

is

used

for the dental

sibilant,

and

other

symbols

are

employed

for the

palatal

sibilant.

Ahrens

has

shown

that this

sibilant

is

used

especially

where

in

Attic

a~-

would

occur;

and

it

is

in

regard

to the word

FMvaar•a

that

he

1

It

may

be

some confirmation

of

Pertsch's

view

that,

long

before

seeing

his

paper,

I

expressed

the

idea

here

indicated

about the

Lycian

symbol

in

a letter

to

Prof.

Sayce,

and

met

with

his

complete

approval.








248

ON SOME PAMPHYLIAN

INSCRIPTIONS.

first has occasion

to

speak

of it. Now it

is

a

well-known

fact

that

ao

in

Greek

has

usually

taken

the

place

of

a

guttural

or

dental surd followed

by

Y-,

OdaEcov

or

GarK-cov, cpeloo~ov

or

Kpe6r-Wov.

So with the

suffix

Ya, or

ta,

we have avaKYa

be-

coming

hvaao'a.

Now,

it is certain that

this

combination

ic

+

Y

sometimes

retained

more of its

guttural

character,

and so

we

have

Goc-Ya

becoming

8oca,

and

8'ic-Ya

for

•d~cK-Ya,

the

Attic

OdhXao-a,

becoming

8d&a.'

Many

other cases occur

where

a

similar

variation

between

?

and

a

points

to the

difficulty

caused

to

the

Greeks

by

this sibilant.

A•tovvwoos

and

Zctbvvv?o

both

oc-

cur; H~1c$8apoq nd

Htcreapo9

have just been mentioned ; C or

dic

has the dialectic forms

el

or

o-o-,

&c.

In

Attic

this sibilant

disappeared

entirely,

and

aoo-

was

there

a

sharp

dental;

but

in

the

south-west countries

of Asia

Minor,

as in

Cyprus,

it

remained

in

full

power,

and

when

the common

Greek

alphabet

was

adopted

by

them,

they required

a

special

symbol

for

it.

These

facts

tell

strongly

in

favour of

Professor

Sayce's

ingenious

conjecture

about

the

value

of

the

Carian

symbol,

and

constitute a new proof of the common origin of those alphabets

of

Asia Minor which were

replaced

by

the

Greek.

Another

form

of the

same

symbol

is

T.

It

is found

in the

inscription

from

Halicarnassos

published

by

Mr.

Newton,

Hist.

Disc.

No.

1,

and on coins of

Mesembria

in

the

legends

M

ETA,

ME'T'AMBPIANflN.

In

the

inscription,

a

copy

of which

is

not

at

hand,

the

symbol

is

used

only

in

Carian names

such as

'O0aTdTwov,HavvdTroc

and

it cannot

be

tau,

which

occurs

in

the ordinaryform. 1Iavv'aooaaand many other names in -ao-aiv

gen.

-dora--o;,

are

found

in

the

Carian

inscription quoted

above

from

Mr.

Newton's

essays.

The

T

of

the

one

inscription

cor-

responds

to

ao-

of

the

other.

The sibilant

in

the

name

of

the

Thracian

city

had

the

same

palatal

value:

cp.

uE'o-ao~

nd

III.

The results

hitherto attained

help

us

in

some

degree

with

the

long inscription

from

Sillyon.

It is on

a

stone

built into

a

church,

and

Hirschfeld

remarks

that,

though

the

letters

have

1

Ahrens,

in

the

passage

referred

to,

has

traced

the

history

of

this

remark-

atbleEpirote

form.

It

is alluded

to be-

low,

Sillyou

inscription,

note

on

line

7.

Fick,

in

Bezzenberger's

Beitr.

vol.

i.,

explains

84ta

as the tense stem

of the

weak

aorist

employed

as

a

noun.

I

prefer

Ahrens'

explanation

as

above.








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A

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A

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kAIAfIEAONAnY

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,

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trlEP//

///////

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252 ON SOME

PAMPHYLIAN

INSCRIPTIONS.

Hirschfeld's

reading,

we

find the

word

icat[o]aptYa9

suggests

itself,

which

would

bring

the

inscription

down to a

very

late

date.

Comparing

the end of this line with line

21,

we

may

read-

wir

ev7rpa[?itaT.

3.

e...

rv

implies

such

a form

as

el[Xe]ro.

Cp.

0oXa*ierTv,

line

8. With

VAOLK...t3

ompare

VAomc6roXt9,

line

14.

The

rest

of the

line

is-

cal

3eXv\AtYo

[FlaX

..

4 .... ara

icpalp•vo3

E'

E?7rtlreFtyatI

ro•X•

vat or

7roX'Lv

'[,Yov.

cEtcpatIvolY

from

cpalvo,

ratified or

consummated,

or

perhaps

for

KereqxpVlvov.

d

with

dative case is known

in

several

Peloponnesian

dialects.

ap1aYeS

seems to

occur,

line

19,

as

nominative

plural;

here

possibly

the

genitive

occurs.

5. SYa

7re'(v)8e

KICal

Gca

F&r[g]Y(a)

awiv

Xq.

(?)

a

(?

....

A

verb from

ora6co

occurs

to our

mind,--'has

preserved

our

city

for fifteen

years

from

pestilence.'

According

to

Curtius,

XVtAd

nd

Xoi~,po

are connected

(though

this connection is not

favoured

by

Fick,

and

another

is

preferred

in

Vanigek);

and

here

perhaps

we

have such

a

form

in

the

gender

of the

one

with

the sense

of

the other.

Or

it

is

possible

to

take

Xqtl

in

the

sense

of

Xt~1.

The

v

had

already acquired

the sound that

it

has

generally

in

modern

Greek;

and the word

is

spelt

according

to the sound.

The double

a is

expressed

only

once,

as

Siegis-

mund

has

shown

to

happen

in the shorter

Pamphylian

inscrip-

tions. The same rule holds sometimes in Lycian; see Schm.

N.

L.

St.

p.

9.

&'Ya

with

the

parasitic

sound.

In modern

Smyrniote

Greek

',7VTre

is

pronounced,

as

the

people

of

Sillyon

evidently

pro-

nounced

it,

with

the

T made

sonant

and

with a

very

faint

sound

of

v;

and

in

some

mouths

the

v

disappears

completely.

FA[L]

Ya,

no

doubt

F&Eea

became

FerTa,

as in severe

Doric

')red

becomes

i&169,

though

the

general

rule

in

Doric

is

that

ea in this case is either left unchanged or contracted to q (Ahr.

Dial.

Dor.

??

23

and

30):

and

then

the

parasitic

sound

was

developed.

a'rvr

or

d"o.

6.

'oa

rcKal

TtaFEoa

7rdo-a.

It

seems

probable

that

0ra

and

7rboaa

re correlative.

7tldFeo•a

seems

third

plural

of

the

weak








ON

SOME

PAMPHYLIAN INSCRIPTIONS.

253

aorist. We should

expect

the other

spirant

Y

from

a verb

whose

stem

was

originally

Tt/ta-

ya-;

but

Ahrens

has shown

in

various

places

(e.g.

on

Inscriptions

from

Olympia,

in Philol. vol.

xxxviii.)

how F

passes

into

Y

and

i,

and the

reverse

change

is

quite

as

easy.

We

find in

modern

Greek

Xplcaraya

as first

singular

im-

perfect

of

XpwoarTd

or

XpoorcQw,

hich shows

to what

changes

the

spirant

in

verbs

in

-aco

was

liable.

Professor

Sayce

suggests

that

?r~aFeq

s

first

person

dual.

7.

ca(v)

pC'rotat

?'eprTpev

I

aV

Aatat

He?

orat".

Original

vr

in

this

inscription

is

written

8;

here

for

original v0

we

have

r.

As

Siegismund

(1.

c.)

and Kirchhoff

both

point

out,

this

form

is

quite

certain.

fI

EPTIPENI

perhaps

7repTl17pEVyv.

It

is

in

that

case doubtful

if

the

second

E stands for

e,

7,

or

et

(Ahrens,

?

37).

The

1,

was

evidently

pronounced

as

in

modern

Greek,

and

the

word was

spelt

according

to

the sound.

7rep

for

r~ept

perhaps

also

in

26.

HEVOTA

II for the

Attic

eoprati:

the

genesis

of

this form is

doubtful,

just

as

it

is

hard

to

say

whether

oror

was

formed from

woprt

or

from

'rport.

Probably

the

latter

is the case, and there has been no loss of

quantity;

then with

the

intermediate

H

Apovry

we

may compare

6po-rt

and

'por'

of

Hesychius.

Similarly,

in 8S

a,

the

Epirote

form for

Odhao-oa,

X

or

p

has

been lost. The root is

rpaX

or

Opax,

with

the

equivalent

forms

rapx,

'rapaX,

Oapa~c,

or

with

X

in

place

of

p.

Hence the

noun

OaXaxc-ta

and

8aX/c-ta

or

8Xa/c-ta.

Here

also

it

is

impossible

to

say

what was the

exact

form that

preceded

dSdia,

whether

SXada

or

8d"Xqa.

Perhaps

it

might

be better

to

take the form HeXoCrav. The rough breathing is inorganic, as

in

HtYapocat.

8.

••waXd'rerv

v(,)8ptY^ova

iEararacrcwa[t.

(See

note

on 1.

13.)

8~4Xopat

s

the

usual

Doric

form

for

8oVXoXqat

(Ahr.

Dial. D.

?

19,

9).

av'ptY

c^va

apparently

the

Attic

tv8ptadwra.

9.

patFHt

ial

,

HeYaX'rT

ical

Jo'

H.V\oTai[9

Kcat.

I

suspect

that

in

the first

letters is

concealed

a

dative of

a noun

connected

by

lca

with

uHeYaXlrT6:

ranslate

'for

his

....

and

magnificence

both at the

public

festivals and

....'

PHeYah•Xrt

and

pHeYaXl7,

line

23,

are

evidently

forms of

LteyaX6r7-rt

nd

e/yadk

.

Professor

Sayce,

who

first

observed

this,

also

quoted

the

lengthening

of

a final

short

vowel in

Homer

before

pq'ya

as

illustrative of

the

initial

uH.

In

fact,

we

have here a

clear

proof








254 ON

SOME

PAMPHYLIAN

NSCRIPTIONS.

of that

rough

pronunciation

which,

as

Hartel

(Hom.

Stud.)

contends,

gives

length

to the

syllable

preceding.

He maintains

that this full and

strong

sound of

c,

X, v,

p,

was older than

Homer,

and

had

so

far

disappeared

in

his

time as

to

require

the

verse-arsis

to

help

it to

lengthen

the

preceding

short.

With

/zHeYaXyrt

for

urLyaXkT-rt,

cf.

Latin saluti for

salvatati,

derived

from

salva,

Sanskrit

sarva,

Greek

X•Foq.

We have

here

another

instance

of

the weakness

of

gamma

in

Pamphylian;

just

as

in

modern

Greek

it

tends to

pass

into

Y.

[With

pat

FH

ocf.

Cypr.

(IV,

Lat.

rus.]

10.

7ral

/Pavervs

Kal

HeYa[X

.

.

]7.

TV9

ca

.[....

MavUrTvq

is

perhaps

a

proper

name:

it

occurs on coins

in

the

legends

MEN

ETYV

EAYI'A

and

EAYIAM

EN

ETYX,

where

Kirch-

hoff

(as

quoted by

Friedhinder,

1.

c.)

takes

'AXvJa

for

6'`Xvya,

and

understands

MENETYI

as the

name

of

the artist.

In

that

case

7raT

cannot be

the

Greek

adjective,

'

all.'

In

the

MovaeuZov

ublished

by

the

Evangelical

School

in

Smyrna

(rwep.

6'.

page 30)

are

two

short

inscriptions

found

together

at

Narli-

keui.

One contains the word

MoX7oeov,

the

genitive

of a well-

known

Lycian

name.

The

other

has

the

name

'A7rvraq.

11.

7rd0XL

ErtXlko0vro

[.

..]

8[ic]ao~7pe,.

In

the

last

word

I

give

the

form used

by

Kirchhoff.

12.

rao-t

Icaivt..

.

IcareFTp?ovro

ca

....

catv&

occurs

also

lines

14,

17,

and 23: see

note

on 23.

13. The last words evidently correspondto the Attic

tcal~

pov-

•/6e•vo9.

Kirchhoff considers

OwXrj,~vLvv9

s the

form

here used.

This

would

imply

a

present

indicative

corresponding

to

a

supposed

Attic form

/3ovX6otoat,

uture

8ovXqjo-otat;

cp.

Lesb.

iX'wyt,

Att.

0kA•&o.

Perhaps

EAY

implies

-evro,

in which

case

we

might

possibly

have

Ki6eVTroKal dy6avy

'i,

with

y

in

iytav

becoming

t,

i.e.

Y,

as in

nPEIIAAI,

and

EIE

=

etyf.

It

is

impossible

to

read

EIE

directly

as

elf,

since

the

diphthong

es

is

in this alphabet given by the single symbol e; but it is easy to

understand

t

as the

parasitic Y

developed

after

ec

before

a

vowel.

[Bezzenberger

makes

icW0&8v

he

first

word

in

the

line.]

14.

[i]actv(v)

oLKuc o'(v)

FeXE'T.

-can,

see

line 23.

The








ON SOMEPAMPHYLIAN

NSCRIPTIONS.

255

termination

-ov

becomes

-v

also

in

lapv,

lines

22,

31.

The

half

obliterated

symbol

between

,wbXt

nd

'x'Tw-

s

like

the

relics

of

a

1,

but line 24 seems to

require

the F before

X6'rco.

At the

same

time,

it

must

be

remembered

that

the

inscription

is

capricious

in

its

spelling.

In

line 4

7rdoXv

ccurs,

though

per-

haps

v

belongs

to

the

following

word,

or the

v

is

retained

before

a

vowel.

Translate

'

let

him

have a

calvg,

a

house,

a

state,'

which

seems to

give

a

good

sense.

With

the other

reading

7reX&1

must be the

nominative to

XE'rO,

r

else

VotiucrokXt

must be

a

compound

and stand

as the nominative.

Kirchhoff

understands at the end of the line cKa,in which case it is not

easy

to

see

what can

be made of

icav;

cat

is

given

in

C.

I.

G.

The

o

in

6

is

supported

by

the

analogy

of

IEAYVIIOZ;

and

we

have

then,

line

13, v,

the article

with smooth

breathing,

and here

6,

the

neuter

relative

with

rough.

On

IcaivtL

see

note

1.

23.

15.

••cXeo-Oo

=

aypelOa•

=

alpelaOo

with Kirchhoff

seems

a

certain

reading.

16.

ia'aTrpe

iXa1

'pyvp&'rat

Cta

q

cyw(v)(rt.

apyvp6rat,

or

more

probably

4p,'upiprac

(so Kirchhoff),

are

possibly

public

officials

like the

a'pyvpo'rat,['a

under the

empire

at

Athens,

&c.

C.

I.

G.

No.

334,

&c.

17.

ampcora

ica(r)

0avc'

icawvi(v)

'Aoucov

7roxL(v).

ica(7)-

Oav'rw,

Kirchhoff,

and

quite

independently

Professor

Sayce;

here

and line

27.

In

this

line and

27

possibly

we

have

18.

icta]7 'peg

se8

kala

pyvpia"

avct

av

e[....

dve•iav

hird

plural

analogic

aorist

of

d•h•,et.

19.

&[1c]aa-ripeq

at the

end is

clear;

but

several

other

Greek

forms are

certainly

hidden

in the earlier

part,

which some

happier

wit

may

discover.

~0

Svo-aeXaYo may

be

preposition

and

noun.

aptYe9

probably

EiS,

in which

the

rough breathing

is not original. OAY perhaps -ovro.

20.

Kirchhoff

corrects

Z

to

A,

and

understands

,ryvovrat.

At

the end

of

the lines come

the

words

of

line

16,

p~/t~ yeWrtV.

Hence

H

A

I

PE must

be

one

word,

though

alpe,

seems unsuit-

able

here

and

inconsistent

with

the form

in

line 15.








256

ON

SOME

PAMPHYLIAN

INSCRIPTIONS.

21.

-o(v)ro

gila

"pLpet IHe

...

...

ar' ev7rpa[a].

5~7z

Trrpee&

rofessor

Sayce

suggests;

five

letters,

or

perhaps

four,

are lost.

22.

...

.

.]E?

rep

'Epa4

HtYap~'

rye[4ryv]}prat

av&Oca.

irep',

though

perhaps

7rep

in

line

26.

HiYapv

for

iepdv.

icavt,

possibly

a

preposition;

perhaps

Icav

in

14

is connected.

23.

Kali

HeYadX

Kicatvte

q

a

8t'o9,

ila.

Al

MOI,

)00ov,

seems

a

certain

explanation,

given

by

Professor

Sayce.

We

may

perhaps

understand,

'let

a

great

cawvet,

both

people

and

... ., be held': about twelve letters are lost at the end, which

might

contain

the

lost

noun

followed

by

erCO.

In

Hesychius

Prof.

Sayce

discovered

the

forms

IacvirTaq, d0eo?

47S

d8e

~d,

and

Kativa,

d&eX'4i.

No doubt

Katlvt

is

akin.

Now

just

as

abpropeg,

which

must

originally

have

meant brothers,

came

to

denote

the

members

of

a

(political

or) religious

brotherhood,

and

gave

rise

to

Oparpia

as

the

name of

that

brotherhood,

so

perhaps

it

may

have

happened

to

rtcaots.

The

rough breathing

ca[lvira

implies a lost letter, probably

sipngma.

We might sup-

pose

a

KicaMv3

o

be some

sort of

religious

assembly,

the

members

of

which

were

called

icda'ut*;

and from

tcalvtv

again

may

have

come

icatvte7r

24-5.

7dXi

lieOXa

FE•e

,

ccal

art[ppw]raq

fd0Fa

icat .

r

.

.

A74[eX]wYt

xal

opoFu

/cal.

"yeO6Xa

s

clearly

lFeOXa

from

root

vadh,

with

F

becoming

ry;

see Curtius, Gr., and compare modern Greek dyovpov,unripe, i.e.

•FCpc

.

We

may

understand

E~eOXa

n

the

sense

of

dW~Xove,

games.

f80Fa

perhaps

for

Attic

poiv.

opoFu

is an

accusative

of

the

second

declension;

cf.

HIIAPY,

lines

22,

31.

26. Professor

Sayce

suggests

oXEZOat: w7repl?

t[Ta

?

.].

27.

F

E$.

Professor

Sayce

and

Kirchhoff

both

understand

e&,,

ut

IcaOave'&

or

~Taave'rCT,

which

they

also

suggest,

leaves

an

E

unexplained between the two words. E+EI, Professor

Sayce

eX-I.

29.

rdlst

•/

ouo"?

?

30. cal

'AirroXwva

[tov]

.

.

.

..

at

birep.

Kirchhoff

takes

the

form

'Arr'Xova;

but

it

is

hardly justifiable

to

double

the








ON

SOME

PAMPHYLIAN

NSCRIPTIONS.

257

consonant,

as

Ahrens

(Cypr.)

has

proved

in

regard

to

the

Cyprian

form

of this

name,

which

he takes

as

'A:rXovt

n

the

dative, comparing 'ArXovv,the Thessalian form. rip .2

V5drp,

in

line 2 ?

31.

rypa]v

HnYapv

at[....

32.

cepo/

o&spe[v

ooks like

an

optative

form.

34.

xarTXCO(v)T&,

irchhoff.

[ca-4VXOY7o,

ezzenberger.]

W.

M.

. RAXSAY.

NOTE.-Since

the

abdve

was

in

type

an

article

by

Dr.

A.

Bezzenberger

entitled

Zur

Beurteilung

des

pamphylischen

Dia-.

lekts,

has

appeared

on

the same

subject,

in

Bezzenberger's

Beitrage

zur Kunde der

indogermanischen

Sprachen,

v.

4

(1880).

Bezzenberger,

however,

adds

little

to

our

knowledge

of

the

inscription;

the

phonetic

value

of

N

is

unknown to

him

as

well as

the

meaning

of

M H

EIAAH,

and he

misreads the title

of

Artemis

on

the coins

of

Perga

MANA*AI.

But the

following

suggestions

of his are

worthy

of

attention. In

line

10

he

proposes

to

read

[ab]Tirv

cal

8(a^po).

I

believe

MAN

ETYX

to

signify 'priest,'

and

adopting

Bezzenberger's

proposal

would

therefore render

the

whole

line:

'

every

priest,

and

the

nobility

itself

and

people.'

In

line

11

he

reads

9EFElFoXtt,

and

with

the

compound

A

OIKYflOAIX compares

lepardhxov

n the

Akarnanian

inscriptions

(Cauer,

Delectus,

Nos.

98,

99).

In line

12

the

word

•trao"'ripaq

n

the

Lokrian

inscription

of

Naupaktos

(Rhein.

Mus.

26,

39)

seems to settle the doubtful vowel of the

corresponding

word in

the

inscription

of

Sillyon.

Bezzenberger

explains 'rye9Xa

s

'instruments

for

the

sacrifice,'

comparing

Ov'OhXa

nd the

glosses

6dyov

and

ydso'

in

Hesykhios.

He

further

compares

dpoFv

(line

25)

with

6pov'a"

XopS

(in

Hesykh.)

and

the

Umbrian

arvia

and

Latin

aru-spex,

though

he allows

that

opog

is

also

possible.

In

line

27

he

suggests

i1

(=J19)

Fi

edKdOeav,

omparing

aveav

in

line

18,

which

is

certainly

a

third

person plural like the Boeotian

avWOtav,

rapeiav (Fiihrer: De

Dialecto

Boeotico,

p.

12).

We

may

further

compare

the

Kyprian

car•'Otyav,

as

well

as

dvdOeavy

(Bull.

de

Corr.

hell.

ii.

589)

and

the

vowel

of

e'xeva

and

erra.

There is

little

probability

in

Bezzenberger's

proposal

to

read

d' art,

akin

to

Skt.

samd,

H.

S.-VOL.

I.

S








258

ON

SOME

PAMPHYLIANNSCRIPTIONS.

English

summer,

in line

21,

and

his

rule that

o

does not become

v

when

no

nasal follows is

rendered doubtful

by

the variable

character of the

writing

to which Mr.-

Ramsay

has drawn

attention.

To turn

to

palaeography,

I

was led to

give

the

value

of

rcr

to the

Karian

Y,

also

written

Y,

from

its

identity

with

the

Kypriote fu

or

Y

on the

one

side,

and

the Kilikian

P

(final

;)

on

the

other.

I

do not think

that

the

Pamphylian

%A

an be

compared

with the

Kypriote

)1(,

since

the

latter

character

is

a

late

simplificationi

of

),(

or

X

and has the

value

of

va.

On

the

other hand, if we examine the different forms of the Kypriote

characters for

ki

and

la,

we

shall see

that

an

early

form

of

the

character for

u

(or

rather

vu)

was

NA.

I

may

add

that

I shall

in

future

speak

of the

Asianic,

rather than

of the

Kypriote,

syllabary,

since,

as

I

have

shown

in an

Appendix

to

Dr.

Schliemann's

Ilios,

the

Kypriote

syllabary

was

really

a branch

of

one

once

used

throughout

Asia

Minor.

BOXqikeVV

in

line

13

is an

interesting

form,

similar

to the

Arcadian a'd8cjPeVo, Elean

kcaakaX.~evoq,

Lesbian icaXqpevvo9,

Boeotian

dal8ucEi1evor;,

nd

Delphian

iaXe"pe•?o

.

Compare,

too,

dXtrjvevo9,

Od.

4,

807.

The

resemblances

between

the

dialect

of

Sillyon

and

that

of

Kypros

(such

as the

change

of final

-o

into

-v,

the

loss

of

the

nasal before

a

dental,

the

use

of

yod

and

digamma,

and

the

employment

of

6'

with

the

dative)

have

a

bearing

upon

the

language

of

Homer.

The Homeric

d1por"•

for

av'poT'rv

(II.

16,

857,

xxii.

363),

has

already

been

conjectured

to

be

a

Cyprism,

and

we

may

now

couple

with

it

the

lengthening

of a

final

short

vowel before

pe'yaq

and

its

compounds,

noticed

above

by

Mr.

Ramsay.

At

any

rate,

the other resemblances

between

the

Kyprian

and

Pamphylian

dialects make

it

not

improbable

that

the same

rough

pronunciation

of

the first

syllable

of

pe'yar

characterised

the dialect

of

Kypros

as

characterised

the

dialect

of

Sillyon.

It will

be

useful

to

add

here

the

Pamphylian

glosses

found

in

Hesykhios

and elsewhere, which have been collected by

Bezzenberger

:-

a8Xtiv

IeXtaKc6v.

Tapob6Xtot

Hesykh.).

'A<bPa•"

"

'ASewvt

;Urb

Irepyatcov

(Etym.

Mag.

4, 53,

made

a Persian word

by

Hesykh.).








ON

SOME

PAMPHYLIAN

NSCRIPTIONS.

259

4yo0

Ev

nepy]

1yv

etpetav

v7s

&caXoov

(H.).

y

"

. .

iv

npyp

l~petaApr

Uto'

o

(H.).

aypaaco/Aal-

b'pY9

TIT V'r70

HIIa.Ukv'X1YH.).

'Spl

W•"npl.Hap

Xlot

H.).

'Arj8r •

'AOryvca

raph

Ilap vXtotv

(H.).

ar3eTrors

aleT6";.

HlepyaZot

(H.,

Et.

M.

28,

7).

/et~lvar•"

tj4&oq.rpov

bTrb

Hlepyaiovy

(Et.

A1.

82,

50).

aplva

daicp

~ro Hepyaltwv

(H.).

3ovpcv7r•r•ptO-To.

*

-areXol.

Teprya-ot

H.).

Etryapa.

TeTT~

rapa

lW,,STatI

H.).

lCT0V

6

ICTLVOV;.

Hepya'ot

(H.).

xavay*

Epcpxvvov.

Ilepyaios

(H.).

xoplcpav"

'pvyt.

fepyaZot

(H.).

Xdovyr"

q d

vq).

Jlepyatot

(H.).

Xda*a

ryoyyvXlv.

flepyaot

(H.).

7rfpta-

kA(a)rev&sot

v

XopaY

70

OirypOJ

(H.).

oapatloVY

7TaS

atyvia;

(?

tawd8a9).

nlepyaiot

(H.).

ostlXapov

vre'p&.

flepyaFot

(H.).

rpipjloxov* AdrToov.Are'AvotoH.).

iLXoyov"

arpa'rd6.

ITepyatot

(H.)

i

=

(sa);

though

cf.

the

Salaminian

iD'yeytgo

"

av'XXa3

'

(H.).

fepviov"

qtu.~7)

660d`.

-lap•tvXtot

(H.).

Does this

denote

the

great

highway

from

Sardes

to the

Bay

of

Antioch

?

'Ev

8

E'p)

167Tvro

Xedyet

0

abVT0

"HpaiXedir

obV

latt-

bvX1'ovg

AXXa

Xalpew

r

C

18,

7porTtelaJV

aT

7

TO

rari

TPWCvrj-

e•rTO.

To

7

oi

aoaa

o?

o

ao"

'al

A\•iXtog

3RaiXto"

o

86

&

t

xal

TbTOp pov'wpot/o3

e'y0ovut,

cal

trepto7rrowl.evo

86&

pov<^0 (Eustath.

ad

Hom.

1654,

20).

"EOov

;

8

'ovo&

AmptewvY

erLYw

<

a

p

(o1)

'Apeytot

Icat

Ad••coves

Ial

FlapJiLAtot

a

'Eperp&Is7

'•a

"Qpw

tot,

V.8evtav

0

0

otoiVprTe,

aaZeiav

Xapd'r'ov

'TO•'is

'7rtiEpope'voK

4

-jovije-

rr,

TOD

t70 Totat

rot&

C'at

icat

Bovao'a

Bov'oda'

al,

,overt•tc

t

CO'tcit

Etym.

2ag.

391,

12).

Compare

ctaltiv

quoted

by

Mr.

Ramsay.

A.

H. SAYcE.

s2

(Pp. 242-259) W. M. Ramsay, A. H. Sayce - On Some Pamphylian Inscriptions

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