cogs1 mapping space in the brain Douglas Nitz – April 29, 2010
POWERTRAINS OF THE FUTURE - EV WORLD.COMevworld.com/library/gm_futurepowertrain2010.pdfPOWERTRAINS...
Transcript of POWERTRAINS OF THE FUTURE - EV WORLD.COMevworld.com/library/gm_futurepowertrain2010.pdfPOWERTRAINS...
¶ 64 mb/d of gross capacity needs to be installed between 2007 & 2030 – six times the current capacity of Saudi Arabia
FUTURE PETROLEUM DEMAND
Source: IEA World Energy Outlook, 2008
WORLD OIL PRODUCTION BY SOURCE
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
Gasoline
H2 700 bar
Li-Ion
Lead-AcidNiMH
Gra
vim
etr
icE
ne
rgy
De
nsi
ty
(Wh
/kg
)
Volumetric Energy Density (Wh/I)
¶ Battery improvement expected, but still 100x lower density than liquid fuels
¶ Hydrogen has significantly higher energy density than current batteries
ENERGY STORAGE DENSITY (Including Fuel Tank/Battery)
CNG 250 barCNG 700 bar
Diesel
Ethanol
Cam Phasing, Variable ValveLift, Active Fuel Management
Port Deactivation with EGR
Spark IgnitionDirect Injection
Downsized SIDITurbo Boosting
HCCI – Homogeneous ChargeCompression Ignition
¶Modular and FlexibleArchitectures
¶Reduced Mass
¶Improved CombustionTechnology
¶Integration of LeadingEdge Technologies
IMPROVING GASOLINE ENGINES
Wide Ratio, FWD andRWD 6+ Speeds
Advanced, High EfficiencyTorque Converters
Advanced Isolatorsand Dampers
Off-axis High EfficiencyBalanced Vane Pumps
dDCT – dry Dual ClutchTransmissions
¶Modular/Flexible and Optimized Architectures
¶Reduced Mass
¶Reduced Parasitic Losses
¶Integrated Engine/ Transmission Controls
¶Integration of Leading Edge Technologies
IMPROVING TRANSMISSIONS
% G
ain
in C
ycl
e A
ve
rag
e F
ue
l Eco
no
my 35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
“CONVENTIONAL” EFFICIENCY
CamPhasing
2-StepVVA w/Phaser
FlexibleVVA
(Lift &Phasing)
DI Stratified-Chargedw/NOx
Trap
PDA w/HighEGR
CylinderDeactivation
(AFM)
Fully FlexibleValve
Actuation
AdvancedDI/HCCIConcepts
Boosted,Downsized
1-3% 2-4% 3-5%
6-8%7-9%
8-12%
12-15%
8-12%
5-7%
Reduced
Friction &ImprovedThermal
Management
Near Term Future
Upper Bound – Base Engine
% G
ain
in C
ycl
e A
ve
rag
e F
ue
l Eco
no
my 35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Upper Bound – Powertrain
“CONVENTIONAL” EFFICIENCY
Upper Bound – Base Engine
CamPhasing
2-StepVVA w/Phaser
FlexibleVVA
(Lift &Phasing)
DI Stratified-Chargedw/NOx
Trap
PDA w/HighEGR
CylinderDeactivation
(AFM)
Fully FlexibleValve
Actuation
AdvancedDI/HCCIConcepts
Boosted,Downsized
1-3% 2-4% 3-5%
6-8%7-9%
8-12%
12-15%
8-12%
5-7%
Regenerative
Charging
Stop-Start
Reduced
Friction &ImprovedThermal
Management
Near Term Future
Toyota
Prius IV
Honda
Insight
Ford Fusion
Chevrolet
Silverado Hybrid
ELECTRIFICATION EFFICIENCY
Chevrolet
Malibu Hybrid
Chevrolet
Tahoe Hybrid
Opel Astra Volkswagen
Passat Bluemotion
Eff
icie
ncy
ConventionalUpper Bound
Hybridization Upper Bound
Technology Implementation
Improvementsin Conventional
Powertrain
Hybridization• EV Operation• Load Shifting
• Regeneration• Stop/Start
Eff
icie
ncy
ConventionalUpper Bound
Hybridization Upper Bound
Technology Implementation
Improvementsin Conventional
Powertrain
ELECTRIFICATION EFFICIENCY
Hybridization• EV Operation• Load Shifting
• Regeneration• Stop/Start
Volkswagen
Passat Bluemotion
Toyota
Prius IV
Honda
Insight
Ford Fusion
Chevrolet
Malibu
Opel Astra
Chevrolet
Silverado Hybrid
Chevrolet
Tahoe Hybrid
Displace Petroleum• Grid connection Chevrolet Volt
ELECTRIFICATION STRATEGYPORTFOLIO OF SOLUTIONS FOR FULL RANGE OF VEHICLES THAT PROVIDE CUSTOMER CHOICE
Petroleum and Biofuels(Conventional and Alternative Sources)
Increasing Electrification
Electricity and Hydrogen(Zero Emissions Energy Sources)
MildHybrid
FullHybrid
ExtendedRange Electric
BatteryElectric
Fuel Cell Electric
Plug-inHybrid
MILD HYBRIDS: BELT ALTERNATOR STARTER
¶ Up to 20% city fuel economy improvement
¶ 115Volts, 15kW system
¶ Midsize Vehicles
¶ North America and Asia
¶ Potential foundation for future powertrains
STRONG HYBRIDS: 2-MODE
¶ Up to 50% city fuel economy improvement
¶ City fuel economy equal to 4-cylinder sedan
¶ Tow up to 6,100 pounds
¶ Only Full Hybrid for Full Sized Trucks and SUVs
PLUG-IN HYBRIDS: PHEV 2-MODE
¶ FWD architecture
¶ Active program under development for production
¶ Beginning in 2012
¶ EV driving characteristics
– 40 miles of typical EV range
– ~110 kW EV power
– 100 mph top speed
– EV responsiveness
¶ Acceleration
– 0-60 mph in about 9 seconds
¶ Extended Range
– >300 extended miles eliminates Range Anxiety
– Full battery utilization
ELECTRIC VEHICLES: VOLTEC
¶ Future Powertrains must consider energy diversity and improved efficiency
¶ Ethanol is the best near term option for energy diversity
¶ CNG and Hydrogen will increase in importance over time
¶ Electrification improves both efficiency and offers the potential for energy diversity while providing new customer features
¶ There is no one clear winner… the customer will ultimately need to see value for long term sustainability
ENERGY DIVERSITY AND POWERTRAIN EFFICIENCY