POWERTRAINS OF THE FUTURE - EV WORLD.COMevworld.com/library/gm_futurepowertrain2010.pdfPOWERTRAINS...

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POWERTRAINS OF THE FUTURE Larry Nitz Executive Director Hybrid and Electric Powertrains

Transcript of POWERTRAINS OF THE FUTURE - EV WORLD.COMevworld.com/library/gm_futurepowertrain2010.pdfPOWERTRAINS...

POWERTRAINS OF THE FUTURE

Larry NitzExecutive Director

Hybrid and Electric Powertrains

ENERGY DIVERSITY

MEGA-TRENDS FOR FUTURE POWERTRAINS

POWERTRAIN EFFICIENCY

ENERGY DIVERSITY

MEGA-TRENDS FOR FUTURE POWERTRAINS

POWERTRAIN EFFICIENCY

35%

96%

OF WORLD’S ENERGY

OF TRANSPORTATIONENERGY

PETROLEUM SUPPLIES…

¶ 64 mb/d of gross capacity needs to be installed between 2007 & 2030 – six times the current capacity of Saudi Arabia

FUTURE PETROLEUM DEMAND

Source: IEA World Energy Outlook, 2008

WORLD OIL PRODUCTION BY SOURCE

ENERGY DIVERSITY OPTIONS

10

100

1,000

10,000

100,000

10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000

Gasoline

H2 700 bar

Li-Ion

Lead-AcidNiMH

Gra

vim

etr

icE

ne

rgy

De

nsi

ty

(Wh

/kg

)

Volumetric Energy Density (Wh/I)

¶ Battery improvement expected, but still 100x lower density than liquid fuels

¶ Hydrogen has significantly higher energy density than current batteries

ENERGY STORAGE DENSITY (Including Fuel Tank/Battery)

CNG 250 barCNG 700 bar

Diesel

Ethanol

ENERGY DIVERSITY – CNG

ENERGY DIVERSITY – HYDROGEN

ENERGY DIVERSITY – ETHANOL

OVER 5.5M VEHICLES WORLDWIDE AND 17 MODELS IN NORTH AMERICA

GM E85 FLEX-FUEL VEHICLES

MEGA-TRENDS FOR FUTURE POWERTRAINS

ENERGY DIVERSITY POWERTRAIN EFFICIENCY

180%FOR CARS

90%FOR TRUCKS

37 YEARS OF EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT

Cam Phasing, Variable ValveLift, Active Fuel Management

Port Deactivation with EGR

Spark IgnitionDirect Injection

Downsized SIDITurbo Boosting

HCCI – Homogeneous ChargeCompression Ignition

¶Modular and FlexibleArchitectures

¶Reduced Mass

¶Improved CombustionTechnology

¶Integration of LeadingEdge Technologies

IMPROVING GASOLINE ENGINES

Wide Ratio, FWD andRWD 6+ Speeds

Advanced, High EfficiencyTorque Converters

Advanced Isolatorsand Dampers

Off-axis High EfficiencyBalanced Vane Pumps

dDCT – dry Dual ClutchTransmissions

¶Modular/Flexible and Optimized Architectures

¶Reduced Mass

¶Reduced Parasitic Losses

¶Integrated Engine/ Transmission Controls

¶Integration of Leading Edge Technologies

IMPROVING TRANSMISSIONS

% G

ain

in C

ycl

e A

ve

rag

e F

ue

l Eco

no

my 35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

“CONVENTIONAL” EFFICIENCY

CamPhasing

2-StepVVA w/Phaser

FlexibleVVA

(Lift &Phasing)

DI Stratified-Chargedw/NOx

Trap

PDA w/HighEGR

CylinderDeactivation

(AFM)

Fully FlexibleValve

Actuation

AdvancedDI/HCCIConcepts

Boosted,Downsized

1-3% 2-4% 3-5%

6-8%7-9%

8-12%

12-15%

8-12%

5-7%

Reduced

Friction &ImprovedThermal

Management

Near Term Future

Upper Bound – Base Engine

% G

ain

in C

ycl

e A

ve

rag

e F

ue

l Eco

no

my 35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Upper Bound – Powertrain

“CONVENTIONAL” EFFICIENCY

Upper Bound – Base Engine

CamPhasing

2-StepVVA w/Phaser

FlexibleVVA

(Lift &Phasing)

DI Stratified-Chargedw/NOx

Trap

PDA w/HighEGR

CylinderDeactivation

(AFM)

Fully FlexibleValve

Actuation

AdvancedDI/HCCIConcepts

Boosted,Downsized

1-3% 2-4% 3-5%

6-8%7-9%

8-12%

12-15%

8-12%

5-7%

Regenerative

Charging

Stop-Start

Reduced

Friction &ImprovedThermal

Management

Near Term Future

Toyota

Prius IV

Honda

Insight

Ford Fusion

Chevrolet

Silverado Hybrid

ELECTRIFICATION EFFICIENCY

Chevrolet

Malibu Hybrid

Chevrolet

Tahoe Hybrid

Opel Astra Volkswagen

Passat Bluemotion

Eff

icie

ncy

ConventionalUpper Bound

Hybridization Upper Bound

Technology Implementation

Improvementsin Conventional

Powertrain

Hybridization• EV Operation• Load Shifting

• Regeneration• Stop/Start

Eff

icie

ncy

ConventionalUpper Bound

Hybridization Upper Bound

Technology Implementation

Improvementsin Conventional

Powertrain

ELECTRIFICATION EFFICIENCY

Hybridization• EV Operation• Load Shifting

• Regeneration• Stop/Start

Volkswagen

Passat Bluemotion

Toyota

Prius IV

Honda

Insight

Ford Fusion

Chevrolet

Malibu

Opel Astra

Chevrolet

Silverado Hybrid

Chevrolet

Tahoe Hybrid

Displace Petroleum• Grid connection Chevrolet Volt

ELECTRIFICATION STRATEGYPORTFOLIO OF SOLUTIONS FOR FULL RANGE OF VEHICLES THAT PROVIDE CUSTOMER CHOICE

Petroleum and Biofuels(Conventional and Alternative Sources)

Increasing Electrification

Electricity and Hydrogen(Zero Emissions Energy Sources)

MildHybrid

FullHybrid

ExtendedRange Electric

BatteryElectric

Fuel Cell Electric

Plug-inHybrid

ELECTRIC MOTORS POWER CONTROL BATTERIES FUEL CELLS

POWERTRAIN ELECTRIFICATION

MILD HYBRIDS: BELT ALTERNATOR STARTER

¶ Up to 20% city fuel economy improvement

¶ 115Volts, 15kW system

¶ Midsize Vehicles

¶ North America and Asia

¶ Potential foundation for future powertrains

STRONG HYBRIDS: 2-MODE

¶ Up to 50% city fuel economy improvement

¶ City fuel economy equal to 4-cylinder sedan

¶ Tow up to 6,100 pounds

¶ Only Full Hybrid for Full Sized Trucks and SUVs

PLUG-IN HYBRIDS: PHEV 2-MODE

¶ FWD architecture

¶ Active program under development for production

¶ Beginning in 2012

¶ EV driving characteristics

– 40 miles of typical EV range

– ~110 kW EV power

– 100 mph top speed

– EV responsiveness

¶ Acceleration

– 0-60 mph in about 9 seconds

¶ Extended Range

– >300 extended miles eliminates Range Anxiety

– Full battery utilization

ELECTRIC VEHICLES: VOLTEC

TYPICAL DAILY COMMUTE – U.S.

¶ Future Powertrains must consider energy diversity and improved efficiency

¶ Ethanol is the best near term option for energy diversity

¶ CNG and Hydrogen will increase in importance over time

¶ Electrification improves both efficiency and offers the potential for energy diversity while providing new customer features

¶ There is no one clear winner… the customer will ultimately need to see value for long term sustainability

ENERGY DIVERSITY AND POWERTRAIN EFFICIENCY