PowerSystem Stability
Transcript of PowerSystem Stability
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Power System StabilityStability: The stability of a system refers to the ability of a system to return back to its steady state
when subjected to a disturbance.
Power System Stability: The power system stability is the property of the system which enables
the synchronous machines of the system to respond to a disturbance from a normal operating
condition so as to return to a condition where their operation is again normal.
The electrical power is generated by synchronous generators that operate in synchronism with the
rest of the system. A generator is synchronized with a bus when both of them have same frequency,
voltage and phase sequence. We can thus define the power system stability as the ability of the
power system to return to steady state without losing synchronism.
Classification of Power System Stability
Depending upon the nature and order of magnitude of the disturbance, power system stabilities are
three types: Transient stability, dynamic stability, and steady-state stability.
Transient Stability: Transient stability involves the study of the power system following a majordisturbance.
Transient stability studies constitute the major analytical approach to the study of power system
electro-dynamical dynamic behavior.
Transient stability studies are aimed at determining if the system will remain in synchronism
following major disturbances such as transmission system faults, sudden load changes, loss of
generating units, or line switching.
Following a large disturbance the alternator (synchronous generator) power (load, or torque) angle
changes due to sudden acceleration/deceleration of the rotor shaft. Thus, the amin objective of the
transient stability study is to ascertain whether or not the load angle returns to a steady value
following the clearance of the disturbance.
Transient Stability problems can be subdivided into(i) First-swing stability problem: This is based on a reasonably simple generator model without
representation of control systems. Usually the time period under study is thefirst secondfollowing
a system fault. If the machines of the system are found to remain synchronism within the first
second, the system is said to be stable.
(ii) Multiswing stability problem: This stability problems extend over a longer study period and
therefore must consider effects of generator control systems which affect machine performance
during the extended time period.
Dynamic (or small-signal) Stability: The ability of a power system to maintain stability under
continuous small disturbances is investigated under the name of dynamic stability (also known as
small-signal stability). These small disturbances occur due random fluctuations in loads andgeneration levels.
Steady-State Stability: Steady state stability studies are restricted to small and gradual changes in
the system operating conditions. In this we basically concentrate on restricting the bus voltages
close to their nominal values. We also ensure that phase angles between two buses are not too large
and check for the overloading of the power equipment and transmission lines.
The dynamic and steady-state stability problems are same in nature. They differ only in the degree
of detail used to model the machines.
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In the dynamic stability studies, the excitation system and turbo-governing system are represented
along with synchronous machine models which provide for flux-linkage variation in the machine
air-gap.
In the steady-state stability problems use a vary simple generator model which treats the generator
as a constant voltage source.
In all stability studies, the main objective is to determine whether or not the rotors of the machine
being perturbed return to constant speed operation.