Windows Powershell– Every SysAdmin can build scripts!

Govindaraj RanganTechnology StrategistMicrosoft India

Agenda

Introduction to Windows Powershell

Scripting with Windows Powershell

Working with Objects (WMI, COM, .NET)

Scripting Best Practices

Agenda

Introduction to Windows Powershell

Scripting with Windows Powershell

Working with Objects (WMI, COM, .NET)

Scripting Best Practices

Windows Powershell - Overview

Interactive ShellRich Scripting EnvironmentObject OrientedExtensibleSecureMore than everything, EASY!

Architecture

Platform and Application Functionality

as COM and .NET Objects

Windows PowerShell Cmdlets

MMC Snap-In ScriptsInteractive Shell

Interfaces such as WMI, ADSI

CmdLet Syntax

Status Name DisplayName------ ---- ----------- Stopped NetLogon NetLogonRunning Netman Network Connections

PS> get-service –name “*net*”

Verb NounName

ArgumentString

Command Parameter

Property Names

Property Values

Powershell Security

Powershell not associated with .PS1Doesn’t run script by Default

Does not run scripts without a pathYou need to autograph your script

Execution PolicyRestricted, Allsigned, Remote-signed, Unrestricted

Standard parameters like “-whatif”, “-confirm” to save you from making accidental changesRead-Host -assecurestring

Common CmdLetsPS C:\> Get-Command

CommandType Name Definition ----------- ---- --------- Function A: Set-Location A: Cmdlet Add-Computer Add-Computer [[-ComputerName] <String[]>] [-Do...Cmdlet Add-Content Add-Content [-Path] <String[]> [-Value] <Objec...

PS C:\> Get-Help Get-Command

PS C:\> Get-Process

PS C:\> Get-Process | Where-Object {$_.CPU –gt 100}

PS C:\> Get-Service

PS C:\> Get-EventLog

PS C:\> $var = Read-Host

PS C:\> Write-Host $var

PS C:\> Restart-Computer –ComputerName “MYBOSSPC”

Introducing Windows PowershellFew Commonly Used CmdLets

demo

Agenda

Introduction to Windows Powershell

Scripting with Windows Powershell

Working with Objects (WMI, COM, .NET)

Scripting Best Practices

Variables$ represents variable

$txt = get-content “C:\test.txt”Type determined based on usageStrong typing: [int] $nConstants: Set-Variable pi 3.14 –option Constant

Arrays$arr = @(1,2,3). $arr[0] returns 1

Associative Arrays (Hashtables)$marks = @{ram=“100”;ravan=“0”}$marks.ram returns “100”$marks[“ram”] returns “100”

OperatorsArithmetic

+, -, *, /, %Assignment

=, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=Conditional

-gt, -lt, -ge, -le, -ne, -eq, -containsAppend i or c for case insensitive or sensitive operations

String+, *, -replace, -match, -like

Constructs

If (condition) {# do something

} ElseIf {# do something

} Else {# do something

}

Constructs

For ($i = 0; $i –lt 10; $i++) {# do somethingif ($i –eq 5) {

break}

}

Constructs

Foreach ($item in collection) {# Do something to the itemif ($item –eq “a value”) {

break}

}

ConstructsSwitch (variable) {

“value1” { #do something}“value2” { #do something}“value3” { #do something}

}

Switch –regex|-wildcard (variable) {“.*?” { #do something}

}

Functions

function take_all_args {write-host $Args[0]

}

function take_sp_args ([string]$label = “t”){

# do something}

Build a script to identify IP addresses that are currently in use in a given subnet, using a simple ping test

demo

Agenda

Introduction to Windows Powershell

Scripting with Windows Powershell

Working with Objects (WMI, COM, .NET)

Scripting Best Practices

WMI ObjectsWindows Management Instrumentation (WMI)

◦WMI is a core technology for Windows system administration ◦ It exposes a wide range of information in a uniform manner.

Get-WmiObject cmdlet

Listing WMI classes◦ Get-WmiObject -List◦ Get-WmiObject -list -ComputerName cflabsql01

Getting WMI objects◦ Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_OperatingSystem◦ Get-WmiObject -class Win32_LogicalDisk◦ Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_Service | Select-Object -Property

Status,Name,DisplayName

Working with WMIGet free hard disk space availableGet the amount of RAM installed

demo

COM ObjectsCreate a COM object using New-Object◦> $xl= New-Object -ComObject Excel.Application

Reflect against properties/methods◦> $xl |get-member

Access properties/methods◦> $xl.Visible = “True”

Drill down into Excel object model◦> $wb = $xl.Workbooks.Add()◦> $ws = $xl.Worksheets.Item(1)◦> $ws.Cells.Item(1,1) = "TEST“◦> $ws.Cells.Item(1,1).Font.Bold = "True“◦> $ws.Cells.Item(1,1).Font.Size = 24◦$xl.Workbooks.Add().Worksheets.Item(1).Cells.Item(1,1) =

"HELLO"

Working with Excel – Make an Excel report of Software Installed on a given machine

demo

.NET ObjectsCreating .Net objects

$f = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Form

Inspecting properties-methods $f|Get-Member

Accessing properties-methods $f.Text = "Give me the username and password“

Adding Controls to the Parent Object (Form)Create control object:

$OKButton = New-object System.Windows.Forms.ButtonAdd control to Parent:

$f.Controls.Add($OKButton)

Load any assembly and use its objects◦ [Reflection.Assembly]::LoadFrom(“…\abc.dll”);

Getting user credentials using a dialog box.NET Namespace: System.Windows.Forms

demo

Agenda

Introduction to Windows Powershell

Scripting with Windows Powershell

Working with Objects (WMI, COM, .NET)

Scripting Best Practices

Scripting Best PracticesUse sensible variable namesIndent within constructsUse Source ControlAvoid aliases within ScriptsUse as descriptive comments as possibleUse Functions and Script blocks to reduce the number of lines of codeTest thoroughly for boundary conditions before running in productionCapture and report all logical errors

Powershell Resources

Powershell Download link: http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=c913aeab-d7b4-4bb1-a958-ee6d7fe307bc&displaylang=en

Powershell Blog:http://blogs.msdn.com/powershell/

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question & answer

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