PowerPoint Presentation - olliuci.files.wordpress.com · Mauna Loa –13,679 + 16,400 = 30,085 3....
Transcript of PowerPoint Presentation - olliuci.files.wordpress.com · Mauna Loa –13,679 + 16,400 = 30,085 3....
The length of the Hawaiian Ridge segment alone, between the Big Island and Midway Island to the northwest, is about 1,600 miles, roughly the distance from Washington, D.C., to Denver, Colorado. The amount of lava erupted to form this huge ridge, about 186,000 cubic miles, is more than enough to cover the State of California with a mile-thick layer. From: USGS, “Origin of the Hawaiian Islands”
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https://youtu.be/AhSaE0omw9o
Mantle Plume (“hotspot”)
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*Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology
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http://www.coolgeography.co.uk/A-level/AQA/Year%2013/Plate%20Tectonics/Plate%20tectonics/Hotspots_formation.jpg
Common Types of Hawaiian Lava Release
“Blazing curtain” rift flow “Fountaining”
Seepage and lava lake flow
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Depth to Ocean Floor (data variable by source)1. Mauna Kea – 13,803’ + ~19,000’ = ~33,000’2. Mauna Loa – 13,679’ + 16,400’ = 30,085’3. Haleakala – 10,023’ + 19,680’ = 29,703’4. Everest (to valley floor) – 29,029’
Mauna Kea
Mauna Loa
Haleakala
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Kilauea (4091’)
Lo’ihi Seamount 0.4 MY –present*
*expected to break surface in ~60,000 years; currently 3,000’ below surface 10
Current areas of activity
Recent historic flows
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ML, Kil – ActiveMK – last 4,500 YAHualalai – last 1801Kohala – last 120 KYA
It is “… amazing that in the past 65 million years there has been only one such bend. Even more remarkable is the observation that the straight portions of the chain are straight. … the configuration of the plate boundaries in the Pacific have changed dramatically during the lifetime of the Hawaiian hotspot. If, as many geophysicists believe, subduction drives tectonics, then how on earth can the straight parts be so straight and move at constant velocities for tens of millions of years? The answer to these questions remains a mystery! Earth Science Stack Exchange, 2014
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“The Hawaiian-Emperor Chain is an example of a hotspot track – a trail of volcanic islands and seamounts created on a lithospheric plate as the plate slowly shifts over a spot of localized melting sourced by a jet of hot material rising from the deep mantle (mantle plume). T. Torsvik et al., 2017
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from: ‘Ocean Basin Evolution and Global-Scale Plate Reorganization Events Since PangeaBreakup’ by RD Muller et al., April 29 2016, in Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 40
from: ‘Ocean Basin Evolution and Global-Scale Plate Reorganization Events Since PangeaBreakup’ by RD Muller et al., April 29 2016, in Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pjs_XSoFO30&feature=youtu.be 47
Kilauea – Dec. 31, 2016
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzFeZTVxDeY
March 5, 2011
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Characteristics of Hawaiian Volcanoes, 2014, USGS Prof. Paper 1801, Ed. by Michael P. Poland, Taeko Jane Takahashi, and Claire M. Landowski
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