Past and Current efforts: study sites

1974

1987

1996

2003

1992

Past and Current efforts: study sites

1974

1987

1996

2003

1992

Past and Current efforts: data recording

analog photo recording(time lapse)

Past and Current efforts: data recording

digital video sampling: conical scanning measurement

6 – 7 km

Past and Current efforts: data recording

digital video sampling: conical scanning measurement

6 – 7 km

Past and Current efforts: data recording

digital video sampling: conical scanning measurement

6 – 7 km

echo density- height distribution- temporal pattern

Past and Current efforts: data recordingdigital video sampling: fast fixed beam measurement

Past and Current efforts: data recordingdigital video sampling: fast fixed beam measurement

Past and Current efforts: data recordingdigital video sampling: fast fixed beam measurement

intensity of songbird migration- height distribution- temporal pattern

Tracking single targets

Fix beam sampling- echo identification by

wingbeat patterns- spatial and temporal

pattern

Conical scanning- spatial and temporal

pattern

Past and current efforts: different operating modes

-individual flight paths-wingbeat patterns

Past and current efforts: radar equipment

ROHDAT VersionSoftwarebüroDatumXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

IBM

RaumkoordinatenEchosignatur

Interface(AD Wandlung)

Radargerät "Superfledermaus"

RechnerSpeicher

Echosignatur

Xt-Schreiber

XY-Plotter

hp

C25SEP88

until 1990 today

Past and current efforts: radar results

General information:intensity / density in time and spaceidentification by wing beat pattern

Individual flight paths of single birds and flocksdirection, speed, heightidentification by wing beat pattern

Past and current efforts: radar results

General information:intensity / density in time and spaceidentification by wing beat pattern

Individual flight paths of single birds and flocksdirection, speed, heightidentification by wing beat pattern

Past and current efforts: identification

Past and current efforts: identification

Past and current efforts: identification

Past and current efforts: identification

Past and current efforts: identification

Past and current efforts: identification

Past and current efforts: physiological models

Atmospheric conditions (Sahara spring 03)

-10 10 30

1

2

3

4

0°C 0 20 40 60 80 %

rel. humidity

1

2

3

4

0

air pressure

500 700 900 hPa-10 10 m/s

1

2

3

4

0

temperaturetailwind-com.

Past and current efforts: physiological models

Prediction Measurement

Water1000

2000

3000

4000

altit

ude

(m a

. s.l.

)

Energy

24/25.4.03

00 2000 4000 0 10 20 30 40

Echo density (per km³)Maximum flight distance (km)

Current efforts: calibrating different radar systems

15./16.10.05

0 200 400 600 800 1000

50

550

1050

1550

2050

2550

3050

3550Fl

ughö

he (m

ü. R

adar

)

MTR (Vögel pro kmh)

fixed beam conical scanning

14./15.10.05

0 500 1000 1500 2000

50

550

1050

1550

2050

2550

3050

3550

M TR ( V ög e l p ro kmh)

fixed beam conical scanning

13./14.10.05

0 200 400 600 800 1000

50

550

1050

1550

2050

2550

3050

3550

Flug

höhe

(m ü

. Rad

ar)

MTR (Vögel pro kmh)

fixed beam conical scanning

radar systems compared:- tracking radar „superfledermaus“

(fixed beam and conical scanning)

- ship radar (four different one)

Past and Current efforts: infrared observatoins

Passive infrared- distance calibration- density cross calibration

- easy to handle- bird insect differentiation- strong influence ofbackground heat

Past efforts: the Sahara project