BackgroundBackground Late Renaissance [Pre-Baroque]. Art was at an impasse after the

perfection and harmony of the Renaissance.

Antithetical to the principles of the High Renaissance.

From the Italian de maneria. A work of art done in the artist’s

characteristic “touch” or recognizable “manner.”

First used by the German art historian, Heinrich Wölfflin in the early 20c.

Influenced by Michelangelo’s later works.

Michelangelo’s

“Last Judgment”

(Sistine Chapel)

Michelangelo’s

“Last Judgment”

(Sistine Chapel)

Michelangelo’s “Last Judgment”

(Sistine Chapel – left side)

Michelangelo’s “Last Judgment”

(Sistine Chapel – left side)

Michelangelo’s “Last Judgment”

(Sistine Chapel – right side)

Michelangelo’s “Last Judgment”

(Sistine Chapel – right side)

Art History: Mannerism was an art style that focused on the human form, depicted in intricate poses and in exaggerated, not always realistic settings. The term Mannerism was derived from the Italian word maniera, translated as ‘style.’ It developed in Florence and Rome between 1520 and 1600, as a style that rejected the balance of the Renaissance period in favor of a more emotional and distorted point of view. This art style reflected the tension in Europe at the time of its popularity. The movement eventually gained favor in northern Italy and most of central and northern Europe.

Paintings contained artificial color and unrealistic spatial proportions. Figures were often elongated and exaggerated, positioned in imaginative and complex poses. Works of the movement are often unsettling and strange, probably a result of the time period’s upheaval from the Reformation, the plague, and the sack of Rome. In 1600, Mannerists were accused of disrupting the unity of Renaissance classicism. However, in retrospect, the Mannerist movement supplied the link between Renaissance perfection and the emotional Baroque art that later developed in the 17th century

1. Replace Harmony With Dissonance & Discord

1. Replace Harmony With Dissonance & Discord

“Susanna & the Elders”

Alessandro Allori

Twisted bodies or “weight shift”

2. Replace Reason with Emotion2. Replace Reason with Emotion

“Pietà” by Rosso Fiorentino 1530-1540

“Pietà” by El Greco 1587-1597

3. Create Instability Instead of Equilibrium

3. Create Instability Instead of Equilibrium

“The Rape of Helene”

Francesco Primaticcio

1530-1539

4. Bodies Are Distorted

4. Bodies Are Distorted “Christ in Agony

on the Cross”

El Greco

1600s.

An attempt to express the religious tensions of the times.

“Adoration of theName of Jesus”

El Greco

1578-1580.

“Adoration of the Name of Jesus”(details)

Philip II of Spain

El Greco

1578-1580

“The Baptism of Christ”

El Greco

1608-1628.

“Portrait of a Cardinal”

El Greco

1600

“St. Jerome” by El Greco 1587-1597

5. Pictoral Space is Crowded

5. Pictoral Space is Crowded “Madonna

with the Long Neck”

Parmagianino

1534-1540

“Joseph in Egypt”

JacomoPontormo

6. Hanging Figures6. Hanging Figures

“The Annunciation”

Jacopo Tintoretto

1583-1587

“Moses Drawing Water form the Rock”

Jacopo Tintoretto

1577

What characterist

ics of Mannerism

can you spot?

What characterist

ics of Mannerism

can you spot? Agnolo Bronzino

The Deposition c. 1545-50

“The Last Supper” Tintoretto 1594

Mannerist ArtistsMannerist Artists Late Michaelangelo El Greco Tintoretto

***Mannerism will provide a bridge between the high Renaissance and Baroque Art.

BaroqueBaroque► 1600 – 1750.

► From a Portuguese word “barocca”, meaning “a pearl of irregular shape.”

► Implies strangeness, irregularity, and extravagance.

► The more dramatic, the better!

Baroque Style of Art & Architecture

Baroque Style of Art & Architecture

► Dramatic, emotional.

► Colors were brighter than bright; darks were darker than dark.

► Counter-Reformation art.

► Paintings & sculptures in church contexts should speak to the illiterate rather than to the well-informed.

► Ecclesiastical art --> appeal to emotions.

► Holland --> Real people portrayed as the primary subjects.

St. Peter’s Basilica, Vatican

City

by Gialorenzo

Bernini

St. Peter’s Basilica, Vatican

City

by Gialorenzo

Bernini

Church of Santiago de Compostella, Spain

Church of Santiago de Compostella, Spain

Church of Veltenberg Altar, Germany

Church of Veltenberg Altar, Germany

“St. Francis in Ecstasy”Caravaggio, 1595

“St. Francis in Ecstasy”Caravaggio, 1595

“The Flagellatio

n of Christ”

by Caravaggi

o

“The Flagellatio

n of Christ”

by Caravaggi

o

“David and Goliath” by Caravaggio

“David and Goliath” by Caravaggio

“Salome with the Head of the Baptist”

by Caravaggio

“Salome with the Head of the Baptist”

by Caravaggio

“The Cardsharps”Caravaggio, 1595“The Cardsharps”Caravaggio, 1595

“The Dead Christ Mourned”

Annibale Carracci, 1603

“The Dead Christ Mourned”

Annibale Carracci, 1603

“The Virgin Appearing

to St. Hyacinthe”

Lodovico Carracci

1594

“The Virgin Appearing

to St. Hyacinthe”

Lodovico Carracci

1594

“Christ on the Cross”

Diego Velazquez

, 1632

“Christ on the Cross”

Diego Velazquez

, 1632

“The Elevation

of the Cross”

by Peter Paul

Reubens

1610-11

“The Elevation

of the Cross”

by Peter Paul

Reubens

1610-11

“The Lamentat

ion”

by Peter Paul

Reubens

1609-11

“The Lamentat

ion”

by Peter Paul

Reubens

1609-11

“Battle of the Amazons”Peter Paul Reubens

“Battle of the Amazons”Peter Paul Reubens

“The Garden of Love”Peter Paul Reubens, 1630-

32

“The Garden of Love”Peter Paul Reubens, 1630-

32

“The Ecstasy of

St. Theresa of

Avila”

by Gianlorenzo Bernini

1647-52

“The Ecstasy of

St. Theresa of

Avila”

by Gianlorenzo Bernini

1647-52

Baroque FurnitureBaroque Furniture

Baroque FurnitureBaroque Furniture

A Baroque RoomA Baroque Room

Baroque MusicBaroque Music

►designates the style of music composed during a period that overlaps with that of Baroque art, but usually encompasses a slightly later period

►Ornamentation

►Vivaldi’s Four Seasons, Bach’s Brandenburg Concertos, Handel’s Watermusic, and Pachebel’s Canon