Powerpoint genetics 1
-
Upload
alex-jones -
Category
Documents
-
view
315 -
download
0
Transcript of Powerpoint genetics 1
Genetics:Genotype & Phenotype
Topic 3033
Mrs. Rathka
Gregor Mendel• Austrian Monk who experimented with pea plants• He noticed that not all peas are the same:
•Green vs. yellow•Tall vs. short•Round vs. wrinkled
• He discovered that crossing peas depended on the genes of the plant rather than only the outward appearance of the plant
Unless otherwise noted, all pictures come from Mr. Henne’s genetics powerpoint
Phenotype vs. Genotype
Phenotype: the physical appearance of a plant or animal because of its genetic makeup (genotype)
Genotype: genetic constitution (makeup) of an individual
www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/swine/
Genotype
Genotype•Gene: a specific region of a chromosome which is capable of determining the development of a specific trait; composed of DNA
•Allele: a pair of genes located at the same place on a homologous chromosome
Traits are controlled by genes
Dominant genes: those that mask the presence of other corresponding genes
Recessive genes: those whose physical expression (phenotype) is masked when in the presence of a dominant gene
Diploid organisms: always have two alleles, one on each chromosome of a homologous pair
Example: the gene for green peas is dominant and the gene for yellow peas is recessive. A pea may have one allele for the expression of yellow color, but it also has an allele for green color. The peas will be green because green is dominant.
The Punnett Square
A way for determining the genotype and phenotype of offspring
Capital letters are assigned to dominant genes and lower-case letters are assigned to recessive genes
Heterozygous vs. Homozygous
Heterozygous- when a plant or animal has two genes for different traits (example: tall and short)
Homozygous- when a plant or animal has two genes for the same trait (example: two tall genes, or two short genes)
Using the Punnet Square
Tall=T Short=t
TT x ttT T
t
t Tt
Tt
Tt
Tt
Practice Using the Punnett Square
Practice Questions
What would be the genotype of the offspring of a yellow pea (gg) with a green pea (Gg)?
What would be the genotype of the offspring of a homozygous recessive yellow pea crossed with a homozygous dominant green pea?
Codominance
Some traits are not dominant or recessive, therefore both traits are partially expressed when they exist in the same plant or animal
For example: a red snapdragon crossed with a white snapdragon produces pink snapdragons
This is called codominance