PowerPoint - Forestry · Understorey cropping (e.g. Ginseng) $4/gram Freshwater g Carbon...
Transcript of PowerPoint - Forestry · Understorey cropping (e.g. Ginseng) $4/gram Freshwater g Carbon...
Current and future work on forest ecosystem services
Richard Yao
Ecosystem services
Ecosystem Services in New Zealand
• Valuing Nature Conference in Jul 2013
• ES in NZ book - launched by MfE in Feb 2014
539 pages, 36 chapters, >100 NZ scientists
Chapter 1.4 – Planted forests
ES provided by NZ planted forests (updated)
Ecosystem
Services
Attributes
Supporting • Nutrient cycling • Soil formation • Primary production
Security • Personal safety • Secure resource access • Security from disasters • Employment
Basic material for the good life • Adequate livelihoods • Timber • Shelter
Health • Strength • Feeling well • Access to clean air and water
Social relations • Social cohesion • Mutual respect • Ability to help others
Freedoms of choices and action
Opportunity to be able to achieve
what an individual values doing
and being
Provisioning • Wood and fibre • Understorey crops • Freshwater • Biofuel
Regulating • Carbon sequestration • Avoided erosion • Air quality • Flood mitigation • Biodiversity
Cultural • Recreation • Species conservation • Rongoa
Arrow’s colour
Potential for mediation by
Socio-economic factors
Low
Medium
High
Arrow’s width
Intensity of linkages between ecosystem
Services and human well-being
Weak
Medium
Strong
Adapted from Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005)
Ecosystem
Processes
Papers and a report on FES values
Recreational walking and mountain biking
Dhakal B, Yao RT, Turner JA, Barnard TD 2012. Recreational users’ willingness to pay and
preferences for changes in planted forest features. Forest Policy and Economics 17: 34-44.
Indigenous forestry report (recreation use values in native and planted forests)
Heaphy M, Harrison DR, Holt L, Steward G, Yao RT 2014. Exploring the opportunities for
indigenous forestry. A project report. Scion, Rotorua.
Biodiversity enhancement values in planted forests
Yao RT, Scarpa R, Turner JA, Barnard TD, Rose JM, Palma JHN, Harrison DR 2014.
Valuing biodiversity enhancement in New Zealand's planted forests: Socioeconomic and
spatial determinants of willingness-to-pay. Ecological Economics 98: 90-101.
Avoided erosion from afforestation of marginal land
Barry LE, Yao RT, Harrison DR, Paragahawewa UH, Pannell DJ 2014 Enhancing ecosystem
services through afforestation: How policy can help. Land Use Policy 39: 135-145.
Indigenous forestry report
Recreation value per visit – natural & planted
93
16
93
47
38
54
$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
Kaimanawa andKaweka
(recreationalhunting)
Kaitoke (generalrecreation)
Coromandel(group visit)
Bottle Lake(general
recreation)
Whaka (walking) Whaka(mountainbiking)
Rec
reat
ion
al v
alu
e in
20
14
$ p
er
visi
t
Forest location and type of recreation
23,639 20,000
400,000
304,000
-
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
Kaimanawa andKaweka
(recreationalhunting)
Coromandel (groupvisit)
Bottle Lake (generalrecreation)
Whakarewarewa(walking and
MTBing)
Ap
pro
xim
ate
nu
mb
er
of
visi
ts p
er
year
Indigenous forestry report
Number of visits per year – natural & planted
Recreation value per ha per year – natural & planted (blue bar = value per hectare; dot = forest area)
$16 $26
$15,667
$2,468
140,000
71,900
1,200 5,667
-
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
-
3,000
6,000
9,000
12,000
15,000
18,000
Kaimanawa andKaweka
(recreationalhunting)
Coromandel(group visit)
Bottle Lake(general
recreation)
Whakarewarewa(walking and
MTBing)
Fore
st a
rea
in h
ect
are
s
Re
cre
atio
n v
alu
e in
20
14
$ p
er
he
ctar
e p
er
year
Valuing
biodiversity
enhancement
in NZ planted
forests (Yao
et al. 2014)
Simulated willingness to pay (in NZ$) [n = 209]
Avoided erosion value
from afforestation
(Barry et al. 2014)
- Forest investment finder (spatial
economic model) – estimated
the profitability
- New Zealand Empirical Erosion
Model (NZEEM) – estimated the
reduction in sedimentation of
waterways
- Areas in green on the East
Coast $1 loss in P. radiata
planting = at least $3 in avoided
erosion benefit
- those landowners should be
provided with incentives to plant
trees on marginal land
Ecosystem services values from NZ forests
Group Ecosystem service
Forest type
Planted Natural
Pro
vis
ion
ing
Wood and fibre $7.3b ●
Bioenergy $1b
Understorey cropping (e.g. Ginseng) $4/gram
Freshwater ● ●
Reg
ula
tin
g
Carbon sequestration ($4/tonne of CO2) $100m/yr ●
Avoided erosion (avoided sedimentation) $1,250/ha/yr ●
Flood mitigation (avoided flood damage) $250/ha/yr ●
Air quality ● ●
Water quality ● ●
Water quantity ● ●
Habitats ● ●
Cultu
ral
Recreation $100m/yr $3m/yr
Conservation of endangered species $28m/yr ●
Aesthetics ● ●
Cultural heritage ● ●
Scion’s economics and land use capability
Dr Richard Yao (Environmental Economist)
Economic valuation/assessment of ecosystem services, market values
(provisioning), non-market values (regulating, cultural) and spatial economic
modelling of ecosystem services
Dr Juan Monge (Resource Economist)
Economic land use policy impacts, carbon policy, energy, life cycle
assessment, Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) modelling, risk analysis
Dr Sandra Velarde (Ecological Economist and Forest Engineer)
Carbon, biodiversity and profitability trade-offs, environmental services
compensation and reward mechanisms, land-use change decision making,
participatory planning and climate change mitigation
Duncan Harrison (Spatial Analyst)
Spatial economic modelling of ecosystem services and land use
Stefania Pizzirani (Life Cycle Assessment)
Life cycle assessment and land use within cultural frameworks
Thank you. Any questions?