Power TransmissionDivision – Link between power ... · Power TransmissionDivision – Link...
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© Siemens AG 2009. Alle Rechte vorbehalten.Energy Sector / High Voltage SubstationsSeite 4 E T HS ENG SP2009-06-17
Power Transmission Division –Link between power generation and distribution
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High Voltage SubstationsSchemes, Devices and Types of AIS Installation
ContentLink between power generation and distribution
Transmission and distribution network
Typical substations feeders and their devices
Circuit configurations
Design criteria of HV substations
Types of HV substations
Note: All topics are only referring to the substation design without control-,protection and other auxiliary systems!
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Transmission of electrical EnergyFrom Power Plant to Consumer
Power GenerationPower Plant
Power TransmissionStep-up Substatione.g. 20/420 kV
Power Transmissione.g. Overheadline 420 kV
Power DistributionStep-down Substatione.g 420/123/36 kV
Power DistributionOverheadline / Cable z.B. 36 kV
Power ConsumerIndustry / Householdse.g. 420/230 V
Power Distributione.g. Cable, 420/230 V
High VoltageMedium Voltage Medium Voltage Low Voltage
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Extra High VoltageEHV
High VoltageHV
Medium VoltageMV
150 kV (170 kV)132 kV (145 kV)110 kV (123 kV)52 kV (66 kV)30 kV (36 kV)
20 kV (24 kV)10 kV (12 kV)
6 kV (7,2 kV)Low VoltageLV 690 V
400 V230 V
Voltage LevelsTransmission and Distribution
Ultra High VoltageUHV 1200 kV
1100 kV800 kV
500 kV (550 kV)380 kV (420 kV)220 kV (245 kV)
There is not strict rule or standard definingLow-, Medium- and High Voltage levels.
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380 kV Network grid
110 kVSubstation
20 kVSubstation
0,4 kV
10 kVSubstation
Principle of a networkConnection from Generation to Consumer
Power Plant
Due to renewable energysources power plants aremore and more decentralized!
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Bus Coupler
Generator
Cable
Charging current-limitation reactor
Overhead Line
Consumer
Motor
M
Filter
Current-limitingreactorCircuit breaker
Netstation
Busbar
Shunt Reactor
Typical Network elements
Power Transformer
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Radial-line connection
Meshed network
Radial network
Network configuration
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High Voltage SubstationDefinitions
Substations (S/S) are node points in the transmission and distribution networks ofelectrical energy in all voltage levels up to 1100 kV (1200 kV planning stage).
Substation types are related to the function in the network:•S/S attached to power station•Interconnection S/S•Step-up / step-down S/S
A substation is the entirety of all devices (switchgear, control, protection andmeasuring equipment) and auxiliary systems necessary to ensure the reliableoperation.
Predominate task is the connection and isolation of overhead lines, cables, gas-insulated lines and transformers.
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High Voltage substationDefinitions
The voltage level depends on the power and short-circuit capacity and thedistance.
Power transmission systems and ring mains around urban areas operate in allvoltage levels above, depending on local conditions.
Substations can be air-insulated (AIS) and gas-insulated (GIS) and installedindoors and outdoors.
Over very large distances, extra high powers are also transmitted by high-voltage direct-current systems.
Distribution networks are operated predominantly up to 145 kV.
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High Voltage substationDefinitions
The starting point for planning a substation is its single-line diagram.This indicates:
Electrical substation dataCircuit configurationNumber and type of feedersLocation and designationof feedersAssociated devices andtheir designation
Feeders are in- and outgoing lines or cables and connection to transformers,reactors and filters, which are connected to the busbar.
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High Voltage substationTypical feeder
Busbar (BB)
Busbar disconnecting switch
Circuit breaker
Current transformer
Outgoing disconnecting switch
Earthing switch
Line trap
Voltage transformer
Surge arrester
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High Voltage substationTypical feeder
Busbar BB
Central node point for power accumulation anddistribution
Spatial arrangement of rigid and flexibleconductors
Number of busbar is one factor for operationalflexibility and availability
Sectionalizing of busbar is increasing theflexibility. Individual sections can operateindependently
A busbar failure can leads to a outage of thesubstation
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High Voltage substationTypical feeder
Circuit breaker CB
Most important device within a switchgearfeeder, because the CB is controlling the loadflow from and to the busbar
Capability of making, carrying and breakingcurrents under normal conditions (rated current)and under abnormal conditions (short circuitcurrent)
Ability of single- or triple auto-enclosures,depending on feeder type
Types available:Live tank CB– interrupter unit compartment ison line potentialDead tank CB – interrupter unit is on earthpotential
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High Voltage substationTypical feeder
Disconnecting switch DS
Isolating of substation parts (safety reasons)by performing an isolating distance in the openposition
Capability of opening and closing negligiblecurrent (< 0,5A)
Capability of carrying currents under normaland abnormal conditions
Worldwide more than 10 different types. Mostlyused:Centre break DS, Double-break DS, Verticalbreak DS, Pantograph DS
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High Voltage substationTypical feeder
Current transformer CT
• Transforming the high primary currents tomeasurable values (1 A, 5 A)
• Galvanic isolation between high voltage onprimary side and earth potential of secondaryfacilities
• Supply input data for control, protection andmeasuring facilties and systems with specificcore types
• Types:oil-insulated and gas-insulated
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High Voltage substationTypical feeder
Earthing switch ES
For earthing and short-circuiting acc. to safetyregulations
Discharging of switched-off lines and cables
Capable to carry short-circuit currents in closedposition
Types:Freestanding earthing switches , mounted topost insulators ESBuilt-on earthing switches to disconnectingswitches DS/E
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High Voltage substationTypical feeder
Line trap LT
Necessary by power line carrier system (PLC)to filter frequencies
Has to be used together with capacitors orcapacitive voltage transformers
Types:standing and suspension type
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High Voltage substationTypical feeder
Voltage transformer VT, CVT
• Transforming the high primary voltage tomeasurable values (e.g. 110 V)
• Galvanic isolation between high voltage onprimary side and earth potential of secondaryfacilities
• Supply input data for control, protection andmeasuring facilties andd systems
• Types:inductive (VT) and capacitive (CVT)
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High Voltage substationTypical feeder
Surge arrester SA
Protection of important equipment, particularlytransformers, from atmospheric overvoltageand switching overvoltage
Considering certain protection zone limitations
Types:Porcelain and Composite housings
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High Voltage substationTypical for in-/outgoing feeder types
M
BB 1
BB 2
M
M
M
BB 1
BB 2
M
M
Cable feeder Transformerfeeder
Overhead linefeeder
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Circuit configurationsTypes of coupler feeder
2 BB - Coupler 3 BB - Coupler
Beispiel:UW Reuter, Berlin
MM
Coupler feeder increase the flexibilty and allows a group operation.
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Circuit configurationsTypes of busbar sectionalzer
1 SS - Sectionlizer 2 SS - Sectionalizer
M
M
M
M
Sectionalizer devide the busbar in sections and increase the flexibilty.
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Circuit configurationsTypes of coupler
M M
BB1 A
BB2
BB1 B
M M
BB1
BB2 A BB2 B
2 BB - Bus-tie coupler 2 BB - Bus-tie and bus coupler
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Circuit configurationsTypes of bus coupler
3 BB – Sectionalizer in combination with bus-tie and coupler
Beispiel:UW Reuter, Berlin
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Accessibility Ability to keep feeders/devices energized duringmaintaining high voltage components
Circuit configurationSelecting criteria
Flexibility Ability to rearrange the feeders and split up the substation
Availability Considering the reliability of installed equipment (reliabilitycalculation)
Security Response of the substations configuration byinternal and external faults
The type of the substation depending on the function in the network requiresdifferent consideration of the following criteria:
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Circuit configurationsOverview of „classical“ types
Single Busbar 1 BB
Single busbar with transfer busbar 1 BB/TB
Double Busbar 2 BB
Double Busbar with Bypass disconnector 2 BB / Bypass
Three Busbar 3 BB
One and a half Circuit Breaker configuration 1,5 CB
Two Circuit breaker configuration 2 CB
Ringbusbar RBB
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Selected Circuit configurations
Single busbar (1 BB) Double busbar (2 BB)
Triple busbar (3 BB)
One and half Circuit breaker (1,5 CB)
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Circuit configurationsSingle busbar (1 BB)
M M
Sample is the specialform of a single busbar,the H-configuration
Field of applicationStep-down substations HV / MV-networkIndustrial areasWind parks
FeaturesLittle switching flexibilityLimited availability in case of busbar anddisconnector maintanance and failureIn case of extension the wholesubstation has to be shut-down
Alternative:Additional busbar sectionalizer and bus-tie coupler increase the flexibility and allows a group operation.
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Circuit configurationsSingle busbar with transfer busbar (1 BB/TB)
Sample is the specialform of a single busbar,the H-configuration
Field of applicationStep-down substations HV / MV-network
FeaturesImproved switching flexibility than 1 BBWith the Bypass-Disconnector and thetransfer busbar the Coupler CB cansubstitute any other CBImproved availability in case of busbarand disconnector maintenance andfailureLittle security against busbar faults
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Circuit configurationsDouble busbar (2 BB)
Sample is the specialform of a single busbar,the H-configuration
Field of applicationNetwork nodes, power plants,Large substations meshed networks
FeaturesHigh system securityHigh flexibility and availability formeshed networksInterrupted power supply duringmaintenance of CB or CTBusbar maintenance with shut down ofthe feedersUninterrupted supply by failing of onebusbar with coupler
Alternative:Coupler feeder in combination with sectionalizer increases the flexibility
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Circuit configurationsTriple busbar (3 BB)
Sample is the specialform of a single busbar,the H-configuration
Field of applicationNetwork nodes, power plants,Large substations meshed networks
FeaturesHigh system securityHigher flexibility and availability formeshed networks than 2 BBInterrupted power supply duringmaintenance of CB or CTBusbar maintenance with shut down ofthe feederUninterrupted supply by failing of onebusbar with coupler
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Circuit configurationsOne and half Circuit breaker (1,5 CB)
Sample is the specialform of a single busbar,the H-configuration
Field of applicationNetwork nodes, power plantsLarge substations with high loadsNot in meshed networks
FeaturesHigh system securityHigh availability due to additional CBUninterrupted power supply duringmaintenance of CB or CTAll devices capable full BB loadUninterrupted power supply by failing ofone BB
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Circuit configurationsDouble busbar – Two-Circuit breaker (2 CB)
Sample is the specialform of a single busbar,the H-configuration
Field of applicationNetwork nodes, power plants,Large substations with high loads
FeaturesHighest system security and availabilitydue to 2nd CBHigh flexibilityUninterrupted supply by failing of 1busbarUninterrupted power supply duringmaintenance of CBBusbar maintenance with shut down ofthe feeder
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Circuit configurationsRingbusbar (RBB)
Sample is the specialform of a single busbar,the H-configuration
Field of applicationSmaller Distribution S/S
FeaturesMaximum security against BB faults(no busbar)Minimum outage for maintenanceUninterrupted power supply duringmaintenance of CBCapability of device for double feedercurrentNot easy to extend
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Our High Voltage Substation Solutions
Gas-Insulated Substations
Highly IntegratedSwitchgear HIS®
Gas-InsulatedSwitchgear GIS
Switchgear BaySIMOBREAKER SIMOVER®
Air-Insulated Substations
Dead TankSwitchgear Bay
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Gas-Insulated SwitchgearProduct Portfolio
31.5
72.5
63
50
40
25
123 145 300 362 420 550 800
8DN9
Rated voltage (kV)
170 245
8DN8
8DR1
Rated short-breaking current (kA)
8DQ1
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High Voltage SubstationAIS Arrangements
500 kV 110 kV
380 kV 220 kV
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Electrical Requirements
High Voltage SubstationBasic requirements
Nominal System voltage
Rated voltage
Rated current, feeder and busbar
Rated frequency
Short-circuit current
Short duration power frequency withstand voltage
Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage
Rated switching impulse withstand voltage
Creepage distance
Minimum clearances
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Environmental and site conditions
High Voltage SubstationBasic requirements
Ambient temperature (min / average / max)
Seismic conditions
Wind
Altitude
Pollution level
Available space
Existing transmission lines
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High Voltage SubstationBasic standards (IEC)
IEC 61936-1 Power installations exceeding 1 kV AC – Part 1 Common Rules
IEC 60071-1 Insulation coordination – Part 1: Definitions, principles and rules
IEC 60071-2 Insulation coordination – Part 2: Application guide
IEC 60865-1 Short-circuit currents – Calculation of effects – Part 1Definitions and calculation methods
IEC/TR 60815 Guide for the selection of insulators in respect of polluted conditions
IEC 60694 Common specification high-voltage switchgear and controlgear standards
IEC 60044 Instrument transformers
IEC 62271-100 High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 100High-voltage alternating-current circuit-breakers
IEC 62271-102 High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 102Alternating current disconnectors and earthing switches
IEC 62271-203 High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 203Gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear forrated voltages > 52 kV
DIN EN 50110 Operation of electrical installations
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High Voltage SubstationAIS Arrangements
Air-insulated substation arrangement means the physical arrangement of high voltage devices for realization of an electrical circuit configurationwith all the additional necessary components.
The name of the arrangement is derived from:
Type and arrangement ofbusbar disconnector
Arrangement of the fields
Number of Circuit-Breakers
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High Voltage SubstationAIS Arrangements
Circuit configurationSingle busbar (1 BB)
H-ConfigurationDouble busbar (2 BB)
1 1/2 Circuit breaker configuration(special solution of 2 BB)
Ring configuration
ArrangementSingle busbar
H-ArrangementDouble busbar
In-line arrangementCentre-tower arrangementDiagonal arrangement
1 1/2 Circuit breaker arrangement(special solution of 2 BB)
Ringarrangement
There is no preferred substation arrangement. All arrangements have under certainconditions advantages and also disadvantages.
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High Voltage Substations1 BB – H-Arrangement
„H-Arrangement“ - Substation with 2overhead lines und 2 transformers anda busbar sectionalizer respectively bustie.Solutions with 2 or CB’s are alsopossible.Used in the 110 kV level
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High Voltage Substations1 BB – H-Arrangement
Design:
Simple and clear arrangementLess materialSpace savingFew gantries
Devices:
Live tank CBCentre break disconnectorsTubular busbar
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Siemens calls this design„Kiellinien “ arrangement
Busbar disconnectors are in-line underthe busbar phases.
Mainly used in 110 kV level, but also for220 kV a low cost solution
High Voltage Substations2 BB – In-line arrangement
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High Voltage Substations2 BB – In-line arrangement
Design:
Clear arrangementLess gantries with tubular busbarHigh bay widthLess bay depth
Devices:
Live tank CBCentre break disconnectors, in-lineTubular busbar
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This arrangement is called„medium-high“ or „classical“arrangement.
Voltage level mainly 220 kV
High Voltage Substations2 BB – Centre tower arrangement
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High Voltage Substations2 BB – Centre tower arrangement
Design:Small bay widthSimple by-passing of the circuit-breaker – current transformers –CombinationHigh effort for the gantries3 levels of conductors
Devices:
Live tank CBCentre break disconnectors, side-by-side arrangementStrained busbar
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High Voltage Substations3 BB – Diagonal arrangement
Diagonal arrangement because of thelocation of disconnecting switches under thebusbar.
Typical for German transmission network
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High Voltage Substations3 BB – Diagonal arrangement
Design:Small bay depth and widthLess gantriesComplete isolation of BBExpensive pantographdisconnectors
Devices:
Live tank CBPantograph disconnectors,diagonal arrangedTubular busbar
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For power transmission substationabove 220 kV
Sample 500 kV diameter
High Voltage Substations1,5 Circuit breaker arrangement
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High Voltage Substations1,5 Circuit breaker arrangement
Design:A lot of equipmentA large number of gantriesBig of space requirement
Devices:
Live tank CBVertical break/Centre break/Double break disconnectorsStrained/tubular busbar
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High Voltage Substations1,5 Circuit breaker arrangement
Step-down distribution substation 1,5 CBarrangement with Dead tank Circuit breaker
Sample 220 kV
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High Voltage Substations1,5 Circuit breaker arrangement
Design:A lot of equipmentA large number of gantriesBig of space requirement
Devices:
Live tank CBVertical break/Double breakdisconnectorsStrained busbar
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High Voltage Substationsneed reliable High Voltage Devices
The substation basic requirements
Electrical dataEnvironmental and site conditions
together with requirements from the substation design
Load dataPhase distance
are input data for the design of High Voltage Devices.
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High Voltage Substations
Thank you for your attention!