Power System In Pakistan

By sahirrana622987@ya

hoo.com

POWER SYSTEM

1) Generation

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2) Kenuup

1) Chusnuup

WAPDA was established in 1958 and having a massive agenda, which

included generation, transmission and distribution of power along with

irrigation, drainage and flood control etc. The electricity customers in

the Pakistan is over 13 million customers.

There are four major power producers in country:

1. WAPDA (Water & Power Development Authority),

2. KESCO (Karachi Electric Supply Company),

3. IPPs (Independent Power Producers)

4. PAEC (Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission).

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2) Transmission

There 12436 km transmission line of 500KV,220 KV transmission line in Pakistan.

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The three-phase system has three sets of phase conductors. There 5077 km of 500 KV transmission line in Pakistan.

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LIST OF 500 KV GRID STATIONS

1 Grid Station Sheikh Muhammadi Peshawar2 Grid Station Rewat3 Grid Station Sheikhupura4 Grid Station Gatti Faisalabad5 Grid Station Nokhar6 Grid Station New Multan7 Grid Station Muzafargarh8 Grid Station Sahiwal (Yousafwala)9 Grid Station Guddu10 Grid Station Dadu11 Grid Station Jamshoro12 Grid Station Nki

500 KV

220,132 KV There are Thirty Two 220 KV Grid Stations.

Total length is 7359 km of 220 KV transmission line in Pakistan.

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Continue……….Transmission Pole Design:Transmission line poles or structures are between 60 and 140 feet tall.

Different Transmission Structures

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A typical high-voltage line has three phase conductors to carry the current and transport the energy, and two grounded shield conductors to protect the line from direct lightning strikes.

Transmission lines use ACSR (aluminum cable, steel reinforced)An ACAR conductor is a stranded cable made of an aluminum alloy with low resistance and high mechanical strength.

Transmission Line Design:

Bundle conductors are used to reduce corona losses and audible noise. For 220 kV lines, two-conductor bundles are usually used

The safe and reliable transmission and distribution of electricity remains a

major problem in Pakistan. losses from the transmission and distribution

network totalled some 30% in 2003/04.

There are following main causes of loss…….

Poor conductor material

Weak grid infrastructure and substantial

Theft of electricity

Low time to time maintenance of network

Resistive losses

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3) DistributionAfter the transmission , Power is handed over to Eight Distribution Companies (DISCOs) to transfer this power to the consumers of Pakistan. 1. PESCO: Peshawar Electric Supply Company, Peshawar, NWFP;

2. IESCO: Islamabad Electric Supply Company, Islamabad;

3. GEPCO: Gujranwala Electric Power Company, Gujranwala, Punjab;

4. LESCO: Lahore Electric Supply Company, Lahore, Punjab;

5. FESCO: Faisalabad Electric Supply Company, Faisalabad, Punjab;

6. MEPCO: Multan Electric Power Company, Multan, Punjab;

7. QESCO: Quetta Electric Supply Company, Quetta, Baluchistan;

8. HESCO: Hyderabad Electric Supply Company, Hyderabad, Sindh.

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At the substations,

transformers reduce the voltage to a

lower level for distribution to commercial

and residential users. This distribution is

accomplished with a combination of sub-

transmission (33 kV to 132 kV) and

distribution (3.3 to 25 kV). Finally, at the

point of use, the energy is transformed to

low voltage .