Power System Fundamentals

8/6/2019 Power System Fundamentals

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Power SystemFundamentals

S D Varwandkar

Former Professor & Principal, VJTI


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Power System Structure &

Representation

Transformers, Circuit Breakers

Concerns

Studies Required

Design Challenges


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Generation

0.4/44, 6.6, 0.5, 11, 13.8, 15.75, 21, 33 kV

EHV Transmission

220, 400, 500

750, 765, 800, 1200 kV

HV Transmission

33, 66, 110, 132 kV

HV PrimaryDistribution

3.3, 6.6, 11, 22,

33, 66, 132, 220 kV

SecondaryDistribution

415/240, 433/ 250 V


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Power Network


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Long Distance AC Power Transfer

Region 1

Region 2


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Bottlenecks in AC Systems

Surge Impedance Control

HVDC


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Worlds

Largest UHVDC

6400 MW

2000 kms

+/- 800 kV


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SUMMARY TILL NOW.


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Power Network

A power network connects generators toloads, at times over long distances via

transmission, subtransmission anddistribution networks.

It also interconnects regional networks.


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Structure

Transmission & Subtransmission

EHV & HVDC

Distribution


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Frequency and Voltages 50/ 60 Hz

Generation: 0.4/44, 6.6, 0.5, 11, 13.8,15.75, 21, 33 kV

EHV Transmission: 220, 400, 500, 750,765, 800, 1200 kV

HV Transmission: 33, 66, 110, 132 kV

HV PrimaryDistribution: 3.3, 6.6, 11,22,

33, 66, 132, 220 kV

SecondaryDistribution: 415/240, 433/

250 V


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Advanced Technologies

EHV AC

HVDC


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Power Apparatus Transformers

Reactors Shunt/ Current Limiting

Circuit Breakers

Static VAR Controllers

HV Bushing


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Normal Operation Voltage control

Frequency control

Voltage control

Voltage stability

Power trading


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Phenomena Short circuit faults

Transients Switching &Lightning

Unbalance operation

Angle stability and voltage collapse


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Concerns Protection Network and Equipment

Power Quality

Reliability

Condition monitoring & assessment


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Power System Studies Generation and Network Planning

Normal and emergency operating

conditionsVoltage control/ SVC/ stability/ voltageswells and sags

Abnormal &Extreme events

Short circuits/ Switching transients/

Overvoltage transients/ Unbalancedoperation/ Stability/


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E

quipment Related studies Insulation technology

High voltage phenomena, partialdischarge

Testing & Instrumentation for HV


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Grounding

System/ Substation/ Networkgrounding

Equipment grounding

Effect on transients and fault currents


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Transformers Design Features

Impact of system conditions normal/emergency operation, abnormal conditionssuch as short circuits, transients, unbalance

operations, sequence networks andimpedances, core forms and parameter/performance evaluation through advancedanalytical techniques FEM/ BEM/

Designing for performance, robustness andreliability


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SVC


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Design challenges in EHVTransformers/ Reactors

EHV & UHV AC Designs

Materials

Partial Discharges &

Insulation

Transients & EMC


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Advanced Manufacturing

Technologies & Automation Materials & Manufacturing

Substation Automation

Time Synchronization - PMUs

Standards


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Back to Fundas

Knowledge about

Short circuit currents impact design.

How?

Overvoltages affects design. How?

How does system study influencedesign?

Power System Fundamentals

Documents

Transcript of Power System Fundamentals