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SEMINAR REPORT

On

POWER SYSTEM AUTOMATION

By

SHAIK ABBAS (1604-13-734-302)

B.E 4/4 II-Semester (EEE)

SUBMITTED

TO

Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department

Muffakham Jah College of Engineering & Technology

(Affiliated to Osmania University& Recognized by AICTE)

Road No.3, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad-34.

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2016-2017

VISION

To produce proficient engineers who illuminate the

nation, drive the industry and innovate in the field of power

and automation.

MISSION Provide futuristic and comprehensive technical

education to equip students with core competencies and

relevant skills sets through effective teaching learning

methods and state of art laboratories thus preparing them for

global careers.

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

1. Graduates will demonstrate core competence and leadership in their chosen fields of employment by identifying, formulating, analyzing and implementing engineering solutions using current techniques and tools. 2. Graduates will communicate effectively as individuals or team members and be successful in local and global cross cultural working environment. 3.Graduates will demonstrate lifetime learning through continuing education and professional development. 4.Graduates will be successful in providing viable and sustainable solutions within societal, professional, environment and ethical contexts.

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CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATION

2 SCADA

2.1 Introduction

2.2 WONDERWARE-INTOUCH

2.3 Manufacturers of SCADA

2.4 Components of SCADA

2.5 Potential benefits of SCADA

2.6 Where SCADA is used ?

2.7 Applications of SCADA in power system

3 FUTURE SCOPE

4 CONCLUSION

References

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1. INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATION Automation is the use of control systems such as computers to control indus- trial machinery and process,reducing the need for human intervention. In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provided human operators with machinery to assist them with physical requirements of work, automation greatly reduces the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well. Processes and systems can also be automated.

Automation Impacts:

1. It increases productivity and reduce cost.

2. It gives emphasis on flexibility and convertibility of manufacturing pro- cess.

3. Automation is now often applied primarily to increase quality in the man- ufacturing process, where automation can increase quality substantially.

4. Increase the consistency of output.

5. Replacing humans in tasks done in dangerous environments.

2 SCADA 2.1 Introduction

SCADA stands for Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition. As the name indicates, it is not a full control system, but rather focuses on the supervisory level. As such, it is a purely software package that is positioned on top of hard- ware to which it is interfaced, in general via PLC. SCADA systems are now also penetrating the experimental physics

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laboratories for the controls of ancillary systems such as cooling, ventilation, power distribution, etc. More recently they were also applied for the controls of smaller size particle detectors such as the L3 moon detector and the NA48 experiment, to name just two examples at CERN.

SCADA systems have made substantial progress over the recent years in terms of functionality, scalability, performance and openness such that they are an alternative to in house development even for very demanding and complex control systems as those of physics experiments.

The process can be industrial, infrastructure or facility based as described below:

1. Industrial Process: it includes those of manufacturing,

production, power generation, fabrication and refining and process may be in continuous, batch, repetitive or discrete modes.

2. Infrastructure Process: it may be public or private, and water treatment and distribution, wastewater collection and treatment, oil and gas pipelines, electrical power transmission and distribution, and large communication systems.

3. Facility Process: it occur both in public facilities and private ones, in- cluding buildings, airports, ships and space stations. They monitor and control HVAC, access and energy consumption.

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A SCADA System usually consists of the following Subsystems:

1. A Human-Machine Interface (HMI) is the apparatus which

presents pro- cess data to a human operator, and through this, the human operator mon- itors and controls the process.

2. A supervisory (computer) system, gathering (acquiring) data on the pro- cess and sending commands (control) to the process.

3. Remote Terminal Units (RTU) connecting to sensors in the process, con- verting sensor signals to digital data and sending digital data to the super- visory system.

4. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) used as field devices because they are more economical, versatile, flexible, and configurable than special- purpose RTUs.

5. Communication infrastructure connecting the supervisory system to the Remote Terminal Units.

2.2 WONDERWARE-INTOUCH

Intouch is worlds leading supervisory control and data acquisition software. The InTouch software package consist of Tags (Memory + I/O). The package is available in 64, 256, 1000 and 64,000 Tags with the three options:

1. D+R+N ( Development +Run + Networking)

2. R+N ( Run +Networking )

3. Factory focus With DRN package one can develop as well as run the application but in case of RN one cannot develop/modify the application. The application can be de- veloped by using DRN package and can be installed on RN package.

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2.3 Manufacturers of SCADA

1. Allen Bradley : RS View

2. Siemens: win cc

3. Wonderware : Intouch

2.4 Components of SCADA

1.Instrument transformer

2.Transducer

3.Relay

4.RTU

5.Meter

6.Digital fault recorder

7.PLC

8.HMI

1. Instrument Transformers

Instrument transformers are used to sense power system current and voltage values. They are physically connected to power syste apparatus and convert the actual power system signals ,which include high voltage and current magnitudes, down to lower signal levels

CT

PT

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2. Transducers

Transducer is device which sense the changes in power system parameter like voltage, load current, reactive power, real power and status of circuit breaker, isolator and when converted in suitable form ,which is useful for further process

Types-

1. Analog

2. Digital

3. Relay

A protective relay is an IED designed to sense power system disturbances and automatically perform control actions on the I&C system and the power system to protect personnel and equipment.

Relays create metering information, collect system status information, and store historical records of power system operation

4.Remote Thermal Unit

RTU is a microprocessor-controlled electronic device that interfaces transducer & MTU by transmitting telemetry data to a master system, and by using messages from the master supervisory system to

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control connected objects. Another term that may be used for RTU is remote tele-control unit.

Unit of RTU-

1) AE (analog input card),

2) DE (digital input card)

5.Meters

A meter is an IED that is used to create accurate measurements of power system current, voltage, and power values. Metering values such as demand and peak are saved within the meter to create historical information about the activity of the power system

6. Digital Fault Recorder

A digital fault recorder (DFR), is an IED that records information about power system disturbances.

It is capable of storing data in a digital format when triggered by conditions detected on the power system. Harmonics, frequency, and voltage are examples of data captured by DFRs.

7.Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)

A programmable logic controller (PLC), or programmable controller is an industrial digital computer which has been ruggedised and adapted for the control of manufacturing processes, such as assembly lines, or robotic devices, or any activity that requires high reliability control and ease of programming and process fault diagnosis.

For protection, control and metering Logical operations are made by using switches

PLC performs the logical operations and displayed the operation on computer screen

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8. Human Machine Interface(HMI)

Human Machine Interface commonly known as HMI are deployed for control and visualization interface between a human and a process, machine, application and appliance. Increasingly, HMIs are becoming an integral part of Factory Automation.

2.7 Application of SCADA in Power System

SCADA for Power Generating Stations:

With the use of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) hardware and powerful bus communication links along with SCADA software and hardware’s in power generating stations, delivering an optimal solution for each and every process operation is flexible with advanced control structures. The above

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figure shows the SCADA structure in power generation where it supervises several operations, including protection, controlling and monitoring. The functions of SCADA in power generation include

Continuous monitoring of Speed and Frequency Geographical monitoring of coal delivery and water

treatment processes Supervising the status of circuit breakers, protective relays

and other safety related operations Generation operations planning Active and reactive power control Turbine protection Load scheduling Historical data processing of all generation related

parameters

SCADA for Power Distribution System:

Power distribution system deals with transmission of electric power from generating station to the loads with the use of transmission and distribution substations. Most of the power distribution or utility companies rely on manual labor to perform the distribution tasks like interrupting the power to loads, all the parameter hourly checking, fault diagnosis, etc. The implementing SCADA to the power distribution not only reduces the manual labor operation and its cost but facilitates automatic smooth operations with minimizing disruptions.

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SCADA for Power Distribution System

The figure shows the structure of SCADA in power system where it collects the entire data from various electrical substations (even at remote locations) and correspondingly process the data. Programmable logic controllers in substations continuously monitor the substation components and corresponding transmits that to centralized PC based SCADA system. In the event of any outages of power this SCADA allows to detect the exact location of fault therefore without waiting for the calls from customers SCADA gives an alarm system to the operators for identifying and preventing it. And also in substations SCADA automatically controls isolator switches and circuit breakers for violating parameter limits, thereby continuous inspection of parameters are performed without a line worker. Some of the functions of SCADA in power distribution system are given below.

Improving power system efficiency by maintaining an acceptable range of power factor

Limiting peak power demand Continuous monitoring and controlling of various electrical

parameters in both normal and abnormal conditions Trending and alarming to enable operators by addressing

the problem spot

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Historian data and viewing that from remote locations Quick response to customer service interruptions

2.5 Potential benefits of SCADA The benefits one can expect from adopting a SCADA system for the control of experimental physics facilities can be summarised as follows:

1. The amount of specific development that needs to be

performed by the end-user is limited, especially with suitable engineering.

2. Reliability and robustness: These systems are used for mission critical industrial processes where reliability and performance are paramount. In addition, specific development is performed within a well-established framework that enhances reliability and robustness.

3. Technical support and maintenance by the vendor.

2.6 Where SCADA is used?

1. Electric power generation, transmission and

distribution: Electric utilities detect current flow and line voltage, to monitor the operation of circuit breakers, and to take sections of the power grid online or offline.

2. Buildings, facilities and environments: Facility managers use SCADA to control HVAC, refrigeration units, lighting and entry systems.

3. Manufacturing: manage parts inventories for just-in-time manufacturing, regulate industrial automation and robots, and monitor process and quality control.

4. Mass transit: regulate electricity to subways, trams and trolley buses; to automate traffic signals for rail systems; to track and locate trains and buses; and to control railroad crossing gates.

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5. Water and sewage: State and municipal water utilities use SCADA to monitor and regulate water flow, reservoir levels, pipe pressure and other factors.

6. Traffic signals: regulates traffic lights, controls traffic flow and detects out-of-order signals.

3 Future Scope

1. This project can be implemented practically when SCADA

is connected with PLC. More enhanced features can be added up to it. For e.g. Reverse Osmosis purification system can be added.

2. The project based on sewage can be extended to water purification sys- tems, oil refinery systems in industries.

3. The project can also be extended to packaged drinking water industries where water is first purified, then filled into bottles, capped, labelled and then sold in bottles.

4 CONCLUSION With the speed of changing technology today it is easy to lose sight or knowl- edge of the basic theory or operation of programmable logic. Most people sim- ply use the hardware to produce the results they desire. Hopefully, this report has given the reader a deeper insight into the inner workings of programmable logic and its role in mechanical operations. The idea of programmable logic is very simple to understand, but it is the complex programs that run in the lad- der diagrams that make them difficult for the common user to fully understand. Hopefully this has alleviated some of that confusion.

SCADA is used for the constructive working, using a SCADA system for control ensures a common framework not only for the development of the spe- cific applications but also for operating the detectors. Operators experience the same ”look

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and feel” whatever part of the experiment they control. However, this aspect also depends to a significant extent on proper engineering.

References

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCADA

2. http://www.iosrjournals.org

3. http://www.electricaltechnology.org/2015/09/scada-systems-for-electrical-distribution.html

4. http://applicationofscada.blogspot.in/?m=1