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INDIAN POWER SECTOR
OVERVIEW
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Power : The Building Block of Economy Electricity- the most imp. Infrastructural
input in the dev. & growth of economy.
Consumption of electricity- imp. Index of
advancement of the country & standard ofliving.
Economic growth rate of 8-9% on a
sustained basis is necessary for us tocatch up with the rest of the world.
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220 kVPower Plant
Generation
Residential
Customer
Commercial/Industrial
Customer
ResidentialCustomer
DistributionPole
UrbanCustomers
Primary Distribution
66 kVTransmission
Distribution Transformer(11/0.415 kV)
Secondary Grid(66/11 kV)
Primary Grid(220/66 kV)
Secondary Distribution
Underground Cable
To Other
66KvSubstations
POWER SYSTEM COMPONENTSPrimary Transmission(132/220/400/765KV)
Secondary Transmission(66/132KV)
CBXmer(11/220kV)Sending end SS Bus-bar
Bus-bar Steel Tower
CB
Dhuvaran
Karamsad
V V Nagar
GCET
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Generation :: HeartRLDC::Brain
Sub-Transmission :: Sub-Arteries
Transmission :: Main Arteries
Distribution :: Capillaries
An Analogy Power System vs Human BodyAn AnalogyAn Analogy Power SystemPower Systemvsvs Human BodyHuman Body
USER
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Human BodyHuman Body Power SystemPower System
Blood PressureBlood Pressure VoltageVoltage
Heart BeatHeart Beat FrequencyFrequency
The PulseThe Pulse 72 Beats/Minutes72 Beats/Minutes 50 Cycles/Seconds50 Cycles/Seconds
CauseCause Stress/AnxietyStress/Anxiety LoadLoad--Gen.Gen.--MismatchMismatchRiskRisk Heart Beat DeviationHeart Beat Deviation Frequency DeviationFrequency Deviation
The GenerationThe Generationhe Generation
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GENERATION
Thermal Power Plant
Hydro Power Plant
Nuclear Power Plant
Diesel Power Plant
Gas Power Plant
Combine Cycle plant
Solar
Tidal
Wind
Geothermal
Bio-mass
Fuel cells
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INSTALLED CAPACITY OF INDIA AS ON 01.07.2011
NR, 47489,
27%
WR, 54512,
31%
SR, 50849,
28%
ER, 23972,
13%
NER, 2329,
1%
Installed Capacity of India
NR WR SR ER NER
Installed Capacity : 1,79,151 MW
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4780
3%
1862611% 38387
22%
114448
64%
Hydro
Thermal
NuclearWind & Others
Source wise composition of
installed capacity in India(1,79,151 in 2011) AS on 01-07-11
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ALL INDIA GENERATION COMPOSITION
26.3, (3%)
664.9, (83%)
114.3, (14%)
ThermalHydro
Nuclear
Total Market Size = 805.5 BU
Total Installed Capacity 1,79,151 MW
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Sector wise consumption ofelectricity in India
22%
29%
5%35%
6%
3%
Industry
Domestic
Railways
Agriculture
Commercial
Others
Total Installed Capacity 1,79,151 MW
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ALL INDIA MARKET COMPOSITION
26.3, (3%)
664.9, (83%)
114.3, (14%)
ThermalHydro
Nuclear
(1,79,151 in 2011) AS on 01-07-11
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PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION COMPARED
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
Canada
Sweden
UnitedStates
UnitedArabEmirates
Australia
NewZea
land
Taiwan
Japan
Switzer
land
Singa
pore
France
Germ
any
Israel
UnitedKing
dom
SaudiArabia
Korea,Rep
RussianFederation
Italy
Greece
SouthA
frica
U.S.S.R.(for
mer)
Mala
ysia
B
razil
Iran,Islamic
Rep
Thailand
Tu
rkey
Iraq
Nam
ibia
E
gypt
C
hina
Zimba
bwe
Korea,DemPeople's
Rep
India
Indon
esia
Pakistan
Viet
Nam
SriLanka
PERCAPITACONSUMPTIO
NINKWh
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Source:
Powerline(Siemens Ad),
Oct-2006
HYDRORESOURCES
COALBELT
MUMBAI
DELHI
CHENNAIBANGALORE
KOLKATTA
RESOURCES
ARE FAR AWAY
FROM LOAD
CENTERS.
NECESSITATES
LONG
TRANSMISSION
LINKS FOR
EVACUATION
AREAS SHOWN ARE
APPROXIMATE AND INDICATIVE
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TRANSMISSI
ONVOLTAGE
OWNERSHIP TOTAL
CENTRAL STATE JV/Pvt.
Circuit Kilometer+ 500 kV
HVDC5,948 1,504 1,472 8,924
765 kV 4,014 409 0 4,423400 kV 69,836 30,252 4,710 1,04,798
220 kV 10,374 1,22,990 423 1,33,787
Total 90,172 1,55,155 6,605 2,51,932
EHV Infrastructure
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Renewable Energy : Wind Power
Total Renewable
Energy Sources ~ 19 GW
Wind Installed
Capacity ~ 11 GW
Estimated Wind
Potential ~ 45 GW
India: 5th Largest Wind
Power Producer
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Wind Speed: 6.0 m/s
Wind Speed: 6.4 m/sWind Speed: 7.0 m/s
Wind Speed: 7.5 m/s
Wind Speed: 8.0m/s
Renewable Energy : Wind Power
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Map showing the solar radiatio
across India
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SolSolar Powe Solar Power
Potential r PotentialarSolar Power Potential
Power Potential
If tropical India were to convert just 1% of the5,000 trillion kilowatt-hour of solar radiation (or,simply, sunlight) it receives a year into energy, thecountry will have enough to meet its energy needs.
In most parts of India, clear sunny weather is
experienced 250 to 300 days a year. The annualglobal radiation varies from 1600 to 2200kWh/sq.m. The equivalent energy potential isabout 6,000 million GWh of energy per year.
The highest annual global radiation is received inRajasthan and northern Gujarat.
Solar Power Potential
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Thermal, Nuclear and Hydro Installed capacity of power plants in India
till 01st July, 2011 was around 175 GW ofwhich
Thermal contribution is about 65%
Nuclear provides 2.8% of electricity generated Hydro contribution is about 21.6%
(Exploitable potential 60% at 84000 MW)
Renewables 10.6%
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Indias Energy Needs 6% increase in GDP would contribute to 9%
increase in energy demand
Energy intensity is energy consumption perunit of GDP
High energy intensity points to energywastages in economy which can be minimisedthrough efficient use of energy
Indias energy intensity is 3.7 times of Japan,
1.55 times of USA, 1.47 times of Asia and 1.5times the world average
Ratio for developed countries < 1
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Electricity Demand Projections
Year Total Electricity Required( Billion kWhr)
Installed Capacity (MW)
GDP Growth Rate7% 8% 7% 8%
2011-121031 1097 206757 219992
2016-17 1377 1524 276143 305623
2021-22 1838 2118 368592 424744
2026-27 2397 2866 480694 574748
2031-32 3127 3880 627088 778095
Source: Energy Policy Report, Planning Commission, India
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
1950195519601965197019751980198519901995200020052010
InstalledGenerationCapacity
(GW)
Growth of Indias Power Sectorserious growth after the 60s
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Growth of the Indian Power
Sector:INSTALLED CAPACITY
INSTALLED CAPACITY went up from1.36 GWin 1947 to more than 179 GW as of 01.07.11;
Or a targeted 9.5% growth in the power sector, acapacity addition of 78,577 MW has been
proposed for the 11th
Plan
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Operation performance of power stations- salient features
Gross annual generationcrossed 800 BU (811 BU)
Gross monthly generationfigure has crossed 75 BU mark
(75.5 in Mar11)
Gross daily generationfigure has crossed 2.5 BU mark(2.508 on 18th Mar11)
Nuclear generationachieved a remarkable growth rate of41.04%due to improved availability of nuclear fuel
Generation from hydro based plants improved with agrowth rate of 10.01%due to revival of good monsoonafter 2 successive yrs of deficit rainfall conditions.
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Operation performance of power stations- salient features
Thermal generation achieved a growth rate of 3.81%. Coal basedgeneration achieved a growth rate of 3.99%.
Average PLFof the thermal based plants was 75.1%as compared to
77.68% in 2009-10.
53 stationswith an aggregate installed capacity of 53827.5 MWachieved PLF of national average
19 thermal stationswith an aggregate installed capacity of 21995 MWoperated above 90% PLF.
Operational availabilityof thermal stations marginally reduced to84.24% from 85.10 %during the previous yr. Growth rate in respectof liquid fuel based GTs, multi fuel stations as well as DG sets had anegative growth rate.
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Reasons for low PLF compared to last year
Increased forced outagesof plants
Unscheduled/extended plant maintenanceof somethermal units
Forced shut down/ backing downdue to raw waterproblems, coal shortages and receipt of poor qualitycoal
Receipt of lower schedulefrom beneficiary states.
Pl L d F
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Plant Load Factor
1 per cent increase in PLF effectively means
capacity addition of approx 1000 MW (requiringnearly Rs.4000 Cr.)
Increasing the PLF of SEB plants would reduce thecost of supply and benefit the SEBs.
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37
Indian Power Sector Long Term Trends
India is 3rd
largest economy1 Potentially 3rd largest electricity market
globally By 20302
Estimated to be the fastest growing economy In the world by 20122
(US$mm)
13.2
10.1
2.6 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.7
4.14.25
0
5
10
15
US
China
India
Japan
Germany
UK
France
Italy
Brazil
Russia
(KWH bn)
5,6195,971
1,151776 871
1,6411,730
0
4,000
8,000
US
China
India
Russia
Japan
Canada
Brazil
0
5
10
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
G
DPGrowth%
Brazil China India Russia Germany
Source: (1) World Bank; (2) International Energy Outlook 2006; (3) Report of Working Group on Power for Eleventh Plan (2007-12)
591 6
32 6
80
548 5
79 6
20
546
559
519
498
8.8%
8.8%8.4%
7.3%7.1%
300
400
500
600
700
800
2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07
(MU)
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
Energy Requirement (Normative) Energy Availability (Normative
Shortage (%)
Indian Power Sector characterized by huge energy shortages(3)
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MAJOR REASONS FOR POWER
SECTOR ILLSInadequate power generation capacity;
Lack of optimum utilization of the existinggeneration capacity;
Inefficient use of electricity by the end
consumer;Inadequate inter-regional transmission links;
Huge T&D losses (theft) and skewed tariff
structure, making SEBs unviable.
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Optimum utilization of the existing
generation capacity through R&M
Old SEB units performing at low efficiency dueto lack of R&M / poor maintenance. States
unable to undertake R&M because of fundsconstraints.
R&M is a cost effective (Rs 1 Cr/MW for thermal
and Rs 60-70 Lakh/MW for hydro) and quickreturn option for increasing generation (newcapacity @ Rs 4-5 Cr/MW).
170 thermal (11,000 MW) and 35 hydel (3,000
MW) units identified for R&M by CEA. 90 BU (20% of current annual generation)
expected through R&M
Growth of Indian Power Sector: TRANSMISSION
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Growth of Indian Power Sector: TRANSMISSIONSYSTEM
Required development of high voltage transmissionsystem did suffer in the early years.
During 80s, when NTPC had the jurisdiction of creatingHV transmission system along with their super thermalpower stations, transmission side of the industry got aboost.
Subsequently, PGCIL was formed out of NTPC and from1992, PGCIL has added significantly towards creation ofHV transmission system and development of the
national grid
Transmission sector opened up for private sectorparticipation with the amendment of the ES Act in 1998
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Uneven distribution of power resources (coal, hydel,etc.)
Transporting coal costlier than transmitting power.
Scenario of simultaneous surplus (ER) and shortage (Otherregions)
Existing interregional transmission capacity only about 22350MW
Inadequate inter-regional transmission links
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Electricity Act 2003 Main features
Delicensing electricity generation
Mandating restructuring of state electricity boards to
separate transmission (wires business) and trade
Allowing for open access on transmission and distributionnetworks
Facilitating electricity trading
Mandating the establishment of SERCs in each state.
Liberalizing captive or self-generation
Setting up the Appellate Tribunal for Electricity (ATE)
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Electricity Act 2003 Main features
In addition, the focus was widened to upgrade andimprove the financial and operational efficiency of
the distribution companies. A massive funding
scheme of the GoI called the Accelerated Power
Development and Reform Program (APDRP) was
initiated to provide funds to State Electricity Boards
and distribution companies to improve systemefficiency and provide incentives for better
performance.
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NEP 2005
The National Electricity Policy 2005, which
introduced the concept of universal service,
mandated that all villages should be electrified by
2007-2008 and all households by 2011-2012.
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NEP 2005
The National Electricity Policy 2005, which
introduced the concept of universal service,
mandated that all villages should be electrified by
2007-2008 and all households by 2011-2012.
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Ultra Mega Power Projects (UMPPs) under the competitive bidding
route, are expected to add substantial thermal capacity.In 2008, the GoI promulgated the Hydro Power Policy to encourageprivate investments, improve resettlement and rehabilitation andenhance the financial viability of hydropower development.
Earlier in 2007, the MoP had issued the approach and guidelines for thedevelopment of merchant power plants (MPPs).
Two main programs of the GoI are aimed at improving electricitydistribution. The APDRP provides loans and grants to augmentinvestments in distribution system upgrades. The Rajiv GandhiGrameen Vidyutikiran Yojana (RGGVY), launched in 2005, aims atelectrifying all villages and providing access to electricity to all rural
households over a period of four years.Petroleum and
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Two main programs of the GoI are aimed atimproving electricity distribution. The APDRP
provides loans and grants to augment investments
in distribution system upgrades.
The Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikiran Yojana
(RGGVY), launched in 2005, aims at electrifying allvillages and providing access to electricity to all
rural households over a period of four years.
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Evolution of Grid Interconnection in IndiaEvolution of Grid Interconnection in India
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Regional
State
National
1960s 1970s 1990s
Local
1950s
EVOLUTION OF POWER SYSTEM IN
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INDIAPRE INDEPENDENCE - SMALL ISOLATED SYSTEM
PRIOR TO 60s - GENERATION/TRANSMISION BY SEBS
DURING 60s - LIMITED INTERCONNECTIONBETWEEN NEIGHBOURING STATES
70s - EMERGENCE OF CENTRAL SECTOR GENERATION( NTPC/NHPC/NUCLEAR ETC.)
PLANNING OF GENERATION/TRANSMISSION ONREGIONAL BASIS
LATE 80s INTEGRATED GRID OPERATION THROUGH 400kV SYSTEMLATE 90s - ASYNCHRONOUS INTER REGIONAL LINKSLONG DISTANCE HVDC LINKS / B2B STATIONS
Isolated systems
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Isolated systems
Isolated systems developed in and aroundindustrial & urban areas
Establishment of CEA under the Electricity(Supply) Act, 1948 for coordinated
development of Power Sector
The Act also provided for formation ofState Electricity Boards (SEBs) in theStates
State Grid Systems
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State Grid Systems
The systems around urban and industrial areasgrew into full fledged State Grid systems
The country was demarcated in to five Regionsfor the purpose of coordinated power sectorplanning
Regional Electricity Boards were established ineach of the regions for facilitating integrated
operation of state systems
Inter-state lines were planned which were
treated as Centrally sponsored schemes.
Regional Grid System
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g G y
1975: Central Sector generation utilities created
Benefits of these to be shared by the states ofthe region.
Construction of associated transmission systemfor evacuation of power as well as delivery ofpower to the constituent states, also entrusted to
these corporations Focus of planning and development in the
transmission system shifted from State Grid
system to Regional Grid system By the end of 1980's strong regional networks
came into existence.
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Inter Region Links
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g
1989: Power Grid Corporation of India formed togive thrust to implementation of transmission
system associated with Central generating
stations
few inter-regional links were also planned and
developed to facilitate exchange among the
various regions (limited to emergency situations)
resource planning as well as grid operation and
consequently the operational frequencies of
various regions continued to be Region specific.
National Grid
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G
Focus of planning the generation and thetransmission system shifted from the
orientation of regional self-sufficiency tothe concept of optimization of utilization ofresources on All India basis
A strong National Grid system wouldenable such an all-India generationplanning and development
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August 2006North synchronizedFive Regional Grids
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NEW Grid
SouthGrid
South
West
North
East
Northeast
Five Regional Grids
Five Frequencies
October 1991East and Northeast
synchronized
March 2003West synchronized
With East & Northeast
North synchronizedWith Central Grid
Central Grid
Two Frequencies
Installed Capacity 179 GW
MERGINGOF
MARKETS
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TOWARDS FORMATION OF NATIONAL GRID
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Ministry of Power has envisaged the establishment ofan integrated National Power Gridin the countryby the year 2012 with an inter-regional power
transfer capacity of about 37,700 MW.The exploitable energy resources in our country are
concentrated in certain pockets. As a result, some
regions do not have adequate natural resources forsetting power plants to meet the future requirements
whereas others have abundant natural resources. This
has necessitated the formation of National Power Gridto transmit power from resource rich todeficit area as well as facilitate scheduled/
unscheduled exchange of power
Objectives underlying the formationof National Grid
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of National Grid
To transfer power from surplus regions to
deficit regions
Utilise maximum resources fromdiversified regions
Ensure reliable, economical and qualitypower
Perspective transmission plan upto 2012
Perspective transmission plan upto 2012
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p p pp p p
4950
14000
30000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
Existing 2007 2012
Cumulative Capacity of Interregional linksMW
Growth in Inter-regional Transmission Capacity
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Source: CEA
IR CAPACITY : 22350MW
36700 MW
Growth of Inter Regional Exchanges
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INTER-REGIONAL TRANSFER BY ENDOF 11th PLAN (2012)
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13620 MW
2840 MW6660 MW
4180 MW
3780 MW3620 MW
37,700 MW OF INTER-
REGIONAL POWER BY 2012
EASTERN
REGION
SOUTHERN
REGION
WESTERN
REGION
NORTHERN
REGION
NORTH-
EASTERNREGION
OF 11 PLAN (2012)3000 MW
Source: CEA
Transmission System for Hydrodevelopment in NER
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development in NER
30-35 GW of Hydro potential in North-easternRegion
10 GW from Sikkim and Bhutan
Substantial power from this region would be
required to be transmitted to NR/WR over distancesexceeding 2000 km.
Right of way constraints in the chicken neck area.
Hybrid network of EHVDC and high capacity 400
kV AC developed.
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Acquiring Right of Way (ROW) for constructing transmissionsystem is getting increasingly difficult. This necessitates creationof high capacity Transmission Highways , so that infuture, constraints in ROW do not become bottleneck in
harnessing natural resources
Four major power regions of the countrynamely, North-Eastern, Eastern, Western and
Northern are now operating as one synchronousgrid.
NATIONAL GRID :THE ADVANTAGES
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STRONG BACKBONE
ANYWHERE TO ANYWHERE TRADING ECONOMIC OPERATION
OPTIMAL UTILISATION OF SCARCE NATIONAL
RESOURCES
HARNESS DIVERSITY SAVING OF 13,000 MW BY YEAR 2012
ADDED STABILITY
BOUNDARY-LESS OPERATION HUB AND SPOKE ARRANGEMENT
GENERATORS HAVE READY EVACUATION PATH
THENATIONAL GRIDENVISAGED BYPOWERGRIDIS AHYBRID NETWORK COMPRISING A 765 kV HUBWITH 400
kV AC AND 500kV HVDCSPOKES
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Control Centres
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Bulk electric power systems comprise ofhundreds of generating units interconnected byan intricate web of transmission & distributionspread across vast geographical stretches.
For ensuring a reliable and quality supply to theconsumers, the power system must be operatedwithin the prescribed reliability standards.
The system operators positioned at well-equipped control centres provide thecoordination services that are vital for operatingthe system within the operating limits.
Load Despatch Centers in India
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The control of the grid is planned to be
done at 3 levels of hierarchy namelyNLDC, RLDC and SLDC.
Each level of hierarchy has definite roles
and responsibilities
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2300
Surplus Regions
Deficit Regions
National Grid
5
33
Regional Grids
State Utilities
1
Hierarchy of Indian PowerSystem
WRER
NR
NER
Role of NLDC
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RLDC
Inter Regional Links
Supervision
Economy and Efficiency of National Grid
Monitoring of operations and grid security of National Grid
Restoration of synchronous operation of National Grid
Trans-national exchange of power Feedback to CEA & CTU for national Grid Planning
Dissemination of information
Levy and collection of fee and charges - CERC
Disse
NLDC
Supervision & control
RPC for
regional outage Plan
Coordinate
Coordinate
Accounting
Role of RLDC
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Real time operation , control & contingency
analysis
Generation scheduling/ re-scheduling
Restoration Metering & data collection
Compiling & furnishing of operation data
Operation of Regional UI pool Account.
Reactive energy account and Congestion chargeaccount
Operation of ancillary services
RLDC
Exclusivefunctions
Role of RLDC
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Functions
optimum scheduling
and despatch of
electricity
Monitor grid operation
Keep accounts of
electricity transmitted Exercise Supervision
and control over
the ISTS
Real time operations Licensee Generating company
Generating station / Sub-
stations
any other concerned person
SLDC
Central State
DirectionsComply
the
directions
Apex body
forintegrated
operation
For ST
Open
Access-
Nodal
Agency
RLDC
Role of SLDC
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SLDC Apex body in a State
Power System
State
Optimum scheduling and despatch
Monitor grid operations
Keep accounts of electricitytransmitted
Activities ofReal-time operation
exercise supervision and control
RLDC
Directions
Ensure
complianceDirections and
exercise
supervision and
controlLicensee,
generating company,
generating station,sub-station
and any other
concerned person
Planning Code for Inter State Transmission
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meticulous planning in various time horizons viz.long-term, mid-term, short-term and real-time,
required
CEA & CTU in coordination with STU responsiblefor long term planning in an integrated manner
Operational planning in the other time horizons and
operation in real time to be taken care of by theRLDCs & SLDCs
The Indian Electricity Grid Code (IEGC) lays down
the rules, guidelines and standards to be followedby the various agencies and participants in the
system
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Intra-State Inter-state
CEA
Intra-State
STU CTU
Transmission schemes
for planning and
coordination
STU
Transmission schemes
for planning andcoordination
Role of RPC
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Facilitate the stable and smooth operations of the system Functions:
regional level operation analysis facilitate inter-state/inter-regional transfer of power facilitate planning of inter-state/intrastate transmission system coordinate maintenance of generating units coordinate maintenance of transmission system
protection studies Planning for maintaining proper voltages Consensus on issues related to economy and efficiency
RPC
RLDC/SLDC/CTU/
STU/ Users
DecisionsMS SRPC shall certify Availabilityof transmission system
Prepare Regional Energy Account,
Weekly UI, Reactive & Congestion
charge account
Role of CTU
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to undertake
transmission ofelectricity throughISTS
to ensure developmentof an efficient, co-
ordinated andeconomical ISTS
CTU
RLDC
shall operate
ISTS lines
CTU/to provide non-discriminatory Open Access
Will not engage in trading and generation
For LTOA & MTOA nodal agency
Planning
STU
Central
Govt.
State2
State1
State Govt.
Generating
Companies
CEA
RPC
Licensees
Role of STU
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to undertaketransmission of
electricity throughintra-state transmissionsystem
to ensure developmentof an efficient, co-ordinated andeconomical intra-statetransmission system
STU
SLDC
shall operate
Intra-state transmission system
STU/to provide non-discriminatory Open Access
Planning
CTUState Govt.
Generating
Companies
CEA
RPC
Licensees
Role of CEA
will formulate short-term and perspective plans for transmission system
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specify technical standards for construction of electrical plants, electric lines and
connectivity to the grid
specify safety requirements for construction, operation and maintenance of
electrical plants and electrical lines
specify grid standards for operation and maintenance of transmission lines
specify conditions for SEMs
Promote and assist timely completion of schemes
To collect and record electrical data- cost, efficiency
To carry out investigation ( Electrical system)
Shall Prepare National Electricity Plan (NEP)
Objectives of Planning Code
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To specify the principles, procedures and criteriawhich shall be used in the planning anddevelopment of the ISTS and inter regional links.
To promote co-ordination amongst all users,STU/SLDC and CTU/RLDC and NLDC in any
proposed development of the ISTS.
To provide methodology and information exchange
amongst users, STU/SLDC and CTU/RLDC andNLDC in the planning and development of the ISTS.
Scope of planning code
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ISTS
SEBs
STU
Licensees
ISGS GC
IPP
CTU
Generation/Transmission of
energy to/from ISTS
Connected to/using/developing ISTS
specify principles, specify procedures
specify criteria
promote coordination
information exchange
Objective
Planning Philosophy
Annual plan (5 year forward term)Long term plan (10 15 years)
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CTU
Identification of majorinter state/regional lines includingsystem strengthening schemes
Planning schemes shall also consider:CEAs: Long-term perspective plan Electric Power Survey of India report Transmission Planning Criteria and
guidelines RPC Feedback
NLDC/RLDC/SLDC feedback CERC Regulations Renewable capacity addition (MNRES)
Annual plan (5 year forward term)
CEALong-term plan (10-15 years)
inter/intra state transmission system
continuously updated to reflectload projections and generation scenarios
NEP
Avoid congestion
Planning philosophy (contd...)
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System strengthening schemes by CTU: shall be done in consultation with CEAs
Standing Committee for Transmission SystemPlanning:
Planning On the basis of PPA
No PPA/ no consensus CTU may approachCERC in accordance with CERC (Grant ofRegulatory approval for Capital Investment to CTU
for execution of ISTS)
Planning data:
submission by STUs/Users to CTU:
Planning philosophy (contd...)
Voltage management by:
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Voltage management by: capacitors, reactors, SVC and FACTs
similar exercise by STU
STU shall plan to evacuate power fromISTS
ISTS & intra-state transmission systems are
complementary & interdependent
If LTA Applications require strengthening of
intra-state transmission system applicant
shall coordinate with STU
Planning Data
Under the Planning Code the Regional
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Under the Planning Code, the Regionalentities, STUs, State Generating
Companies, IPPs, licensees are requiredto supply two types of data:
i) Standard planning data
ii) Detailed planning data
Implementation of Transmission Plan
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The actual program of implementation oftransmission lines, Interconnecting
Transformers, reactors/capacitors and othertransmission elements will be determined byCTU in consultation with the concerned usersand STUs.
The completion of these works, in the requiredtime frame, shall be ensured by CTU through theconcerned persons
Conclusion
The formation of the NEW grid has taken us from
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The formation of the NEW grid has taken us fromregional grid operation to national grid operation.
Advantage regional grids: able to reap all thebenefits associated with synchronousinterconnection
Risk: regional grids to handle the inherent risks of aLarge Grid
Greater emphasis on network reliability,protection systems, grid discipline andhandling emergencies.
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Thank you