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Transcript of power reduction in NFC 1
Power Management Schemes for NFC
YOGESH SINGH
Electronics and Telecommunication, St. Francis Institute of Technology
Contents
• Introduction
• NFC Operating modes
• Applications
• NFC vs Bluetooth
• Factors leading to Power Consumption
• Power Reduction Techniques
• Conclusion
• Reference
2Power Management Schemes for NFC
Introduction
• NFC or Near Field Communication is a short range high
frequency wireless communication technology.
• Extension of Radio frequency identification.
• Contactless communication between handheld devices.
• NFC is an extension of Radio frequency identification.
• Range of upto 10cms(3.9inches).
3Power Management Schemes for NFC
Evolution of NFC
• In 2004, NFC Forum was formed by Nokia, Philips, Sony to set standards for NFC .
Every NFC enabled device will have an “N-Mark” trademark ,developed by NFC
Forum.
Fig.1.Trademark by NFC Forum [ ]
4Power Management Schemes for NFC
Features
• It operates within the globally available and unlicensed radio
frequency band of 13.56 MHz, with a bandwidth of 14 kHz.
• Supported data rates: 106, 212 and 424 Kbit/s.
• For two devices to communicate using NFC, one device must
have an NFC reader/writer and one must have an NFC tag.
5Power Management Schemes for NFC
NFC Reader
• Microcontroller-based
• generating radio frequency at 13.56 MHz
• transmit energy to a tag and read information back from it
• The reader continuously emits RF carrier signals
6Power Management Schemes for NFC
NFC Tag
• Passive
• The passive tag absorbs energy emitted by the reader
• Starts sending information
• FSK or Phase modulation.
7Power Management Schemes for NFC
Operation of NFC
• NFC has two communicative terminals :
• INITIATOR
• TARGET
Fig.2.Operation of NFC [ ]
8Power Management Schemes for NFC
Modes of Operation
• NFC operates in two modes:
-Active Mode
-Passive Mode
To be more precised NFC operates in three modes
-Reader/writer mode
-Peer-to-Peer mode
-Card Emulation mode
9Power Management Schemes for NFC
Active Mode
• In this mode, both devices with NFC chip can generate an
electromagnetic field and exchange information with each
other.
Fig.3. Active Communication Mode
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Passive Mode
• A passive device, such as an NFC tag, contains information
that other devices can read but does not read any information
itself, so there is only one active user.
Fig.4. Passive Communication Mode
11Power Management Schemes for NFC
Operating Modes
• Reader/writer mode
• Peer-to-Peer mode
• Card Emulation mode
12Power Management Schemes for NFC
NFC vs Bluetooth
NFC BLUETOOTH
Range 0 to 10cms 0 to 100meters
Parallel Connect 2 Devices Many
Speed 400Kbps 2Mbps
Power Consumption Very Low High
Connection Ease Very Easy Difficult(Handshake
Required)
Mode Both Active and Passive Only Active
Application Usage Short connections Prolonged Connections
Security Very High High
14Power Management Schemes for NFC
Factors Leading to Power Consumption
• Scanning
• Sharing
• Collision
• Interferences
• Prolong Connection Duration
15Power Management Schemes for NFC
Power Consumption Reduction
• PTF-Determinator- 12% of the energy can be saved on average
• FSS and BIN-the battery drain can be reduced by up to 34%
• Protocol-Independent Detection- consumes only 1%
16Power Management Schemes for NFC
Conclusion
• We have seen NFC and its operational modes and also the factors leading to power consumption. In the next stage we will discuss some power reduction techniques.
17Power Management Schemes for NFC
References
• Richard G. Mair, “Protocol-Independent Detection of Passive Transponders for Near-Field Communication Systems.” IEEE Transactions On Instrumentation And Measurement, vol. 59, no. 4, April 2010.
• L. Biao, H. Ai-Qun, and Q. Zhong-Yuan, “Trends and brief comments on anti-collision techniques in radio frequency identification system,” Proc. 6th Int. Conf. ITS Telecommun., pp. 241–245, 2006
• Manuel Menghin, Norbert Druml, Christian Steger, Reinhold Weiss, Holger Bock and Josef Haid, “The PTF-Determinator: A run-time method used to save energy in NFC-Systems.”, Fourth International EURASIP Workshop on RFID Technology,2012.
• Manuel Menghin, Norbert Druml, Bernhard Kipperer, Christian Steger, Reinhold Weiss,Holger Bocky and Josef Haidy “Energy Efficiency by Using Field Strength Scaling for Multi-Transponder Applications” 12th International Conference on Telecommunications - ConTEL 2013.
18Power Management Schemes for NFC