Power Point and Notes: The History of Christian Apologetics
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Transcript of Power Point and Notes: The History of Christian Apologetics
A Short History of Christian A Short History of Christian ApologeticsApologetics
John Oakes, PhDJohn Oakes, PhDARSARS
8/27/20108/27/2010
New Testament ApologeticsNew Testament Apologetics
Apologists in the Early ChurchApologists in the Early Church
Medieval and Resaisance ApologeticsMedieval and Resaisance Apologetics
Modern Apologists and Apologetic Modern Apologists and Apologetic ApproachesApproaches
New Testament ApologeticsNew Testament Apologetics
JohnJohn John 20:30 Public miracles and signsJohn 20:30 Public miracles and signs 1 John 1:1 That which our hands have touched we 1 John 1:1 That which our hands have touched we
proclaim. (against Gnosticism)proclaim. (against Gnosticism) PeterPeter
Acts 2:14-38Acts 2:14-38 PropheciesProphecies Wonders and signsWonders and signs ResurrectionResurrection
1 Peter 3:15-16 The Urgency of Apologetics1 Peter 3:15-16 The Urgency of Apologetics Gently and respectfullyGently and respectfully With a clear conscienceWith a clear conscience
2 Peter 1:16-20 Prophecy 2 Peter 1:16-20 Prophecy → More certain→ More certain
NT Apologetics (cont.)NT Apologetics (cont.)
PaulPaul Acts 17:22-34Acts 17:22-34
God is Creator (Stoicism)God is Creator (Stoicism) God is near (Epicurianism)God is near (Epicurianism) God is Judge (Dualism)God is Judge (Dualism) ResurrectionResurrection
Luke: Historical EvidenceLuke: Historical Evidence Luke 2:1-3, 3:1-2, 3:23-38Luke 2:1-3, 3:1-2, 3:23-38
Apologists in the Early ChurchApologists in the Early Church
Justin “Martyr”Justin “Martyr” Logos TheologyLogos Theology Fulfilled ProphecyFulfilled Prophecy
Irenaeus (ca. 125-200)Irenaeus (ca. 125-200) ““Against Celsus” (Pagan philosopher)Against Celsus” (Pagan philosopher) ““Against Heresies” (Gnosticism)Against Heresies” (Gnosticism) Fulfilled prophecyFulfilled prophecy
Origen (ca. 185-254)Origen (ca. 185-254) Plunder the EgyptiansPlunder the Egyptians NeoplatonismNeoplatonism
Origen’s School in Alexandria
Early Church Apologists (cont.)Early Church Apologists (cont.)
Jerome (347-420)Jerome (347-420) Against Porphyry (Daniel)Against Porphyry (Daniel)
Daniel originally in HebrewDaniel originally in Hebrew Babylonia, Persia/Media, Greece, RomeBabylonia, Persia/Media, Greece, Rome
Augustine (354-430)Augustine (354-430) Against Manichees (Faustus)Against Manichees (Faustus) Natural theologyNatural theology Faith before reason.Faith before reason.
Jerome
Scholasticism and Medieval ApologeticsScholasticism and Medieval Apologetics
Anselm (1033-1109)Anselm (1033-1109) Ontological ArgumentOntological Argument
Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274)Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) Aristotlean Logic. Truth is ReasonableAristotlean Logic. Truth is Reasonable ““Summa Theologica”Summa Theologica” Cosmological, Teleological ArgumentCosmological, Teleological Argument ““Classical” ApologeticsClassical” Apologetics
Martin Luther (1483-1546)Martin Luther (1483-1546) Faith before reasonFaith before reason
The Age of Reason—The EnlightenmentThe Age of Reason—The Enlightenment
Blaise Pascal (1623-1662)Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) Experiential evidenceExperiential evidence Pascal’s wagerPascal’s wager
Joseph Butler (1692-1752)Joseph Butler (1692-1752) Against deists: faith is reasonableAgainst deists: faith is reasonable
William Paley (1743-1805)William Paley (1743-1805) Natural Theology (against deism)Natural Theology (against deism)
Oops…..Oops…..
Young Earth CreationismYoung Earth Creationism Henry Morris “The Genesis Flood”Henry Morris “The Genesis Flood”
Modern ApologistsModern Apologists
James Orr WorldviewJames Orr Worldview
Cornelius Van Til PresuppositionalCornelius Van Til Presuppositional
CS Lewis Trilemma, EvidentialCS Lewis Trilemma, Evidential
Norman Geisler Classical Norman Geisler Classical
Francis Schaeffer ExperientialFrancis Schaeffer Experiential
Alvin Plantinga FideismAlvin Plantinga Fideism
Josh McDowell Historical, Legal proofsJosh McDowell Historical, Legal proofs
William Lane Craig ClassicalWilliam Lane Craig Classical