Power Generation PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei PG G132 Welcome to SIEMENS Power Generation TRAINING Three...

Power Generation

PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei

PG G132

Welcome to

SIEMENS Power Generation

TRAININGThree Gorges2003.08.21-2003.09.09

2003-06-03 Power GenerationPG G132/2003-06-03/Rei

Excitation Systems SolutionsTRAININGThree Gorges2003.08.21 – 2003.09.09

Timeline

| | | |Centrifugal governor (Watt, 1788)

Since 1880Electromechanical Governoralready 8 different types,2 from T.A. Edison

Thury Regler(1889)

Tirill Regler(1905/06)

Pitch-governor up to 60MVA (1908)Use of Tube-amplifiers since 1923

Since 1931 Power and Frequency - Regulation

Since 1945 contactless governors ( Magnetic-Regulator )

First use of a Static Excitation system (1938)

Use of Thyristors ( THYRIPOL) (1966)

Use of digital Voltage Regulators ( THYRIPOL) 1987

1700 1800 1900 2000



Excitation Systems for Synchronous Generators

Generator Output

THYRIPOL-L®

THYRIPOL®

SIPOL

THYRIPART®

RG3

THYRISIEM®

Excitation Systems for Generators with rotating Exciters

Static Excitation System with Compounding Source

Static Excitation System

Application Range Extended Application Range

10,01 0,1 10 100 1000 MVA



SIPOL - The System Solution for Low Power OutputUp to 20 Amps Excitation Current

Features and Benefits:• Compact design and easy

installation• Short delivery time• Failure monitoring through digital

display• Actual value displayed on digital

display or as analog value• User-friendly operation• Spare parts support* within 24

hours• Fully digital system stands for

lower maintenance • Compatible with generator types

of all manufacturers.



RG3 - The System Solution for Low/Medium Power Output Up to 130 Amps Excitation Current

Features and Benefits:• Uninterruptible automatic transfer

through diode decoupling via redundant power input facility

• Redundant manual channel or redundant AVR with separate power converter available through redundant power circuit facility

• Local and remote control for commissioning and operation

• Special solution for industrial purposes• Profi-BusTM• The interfaces can easily be adapted

to customer requirements, especially for refurbishment

• Rotating-diode monitoring• Power system stabilizer (PSS)• Joint reactive power control• Volts per Hertz limiter and stator

current limiter



THYRISIEM® - The System Solution for Medium/High Power Output Up to 225 Amps Excitation Current

Features and Benefits:• Complete redundant structure• Two independent controller

channels including manual and automatic mode

• Two independent rectifier sections (2 x 100 % concept)

• Rectifiers can be replaced during operation of generator

• Complete digital controller from real-value detection up to the thyristor firing stage

• Complete set of limiters to ensure safe operation even at the limits of the generator

• Local operation panel including fault indications

• Power system stabilizer (PSS)



THYRIPART® - The System Solution for Medium Power OutputUp to 1000 Amps Excitation Current

Features and Benefits:• Load-dependent: the compound excitation is

fed from generator voltage as well as from generator current and supports load steps or short circuits on the generator line side.

• Black start capability: during start-up, the internal oscillating circuit delivers a voltage rise and builds up the field from the remanence voltage of the generator.

• High availability and reliability: the fundamental excitation is still supplied through passive components (transformer, reactor, capacitor, uncontrolled rectifier) even if the regulator is out of order.

• Small voltage gradient: normally the controlled thyristor rectifiers create relatively high voltage gradients dU/dt. The THYRIPART® excitation system uses an uncontrolled rectifier, so the dU/dt is low. The strain on the field windings insulation is then lowered.



THYRIPOL® - The System Solution for High Power OutputUp to 8000 Amps Excitation Current

Features and Benefits:• Power system stabilizer (PSS)• Higher level closed-loop and

open-loop controls• Volts per Hertz limiter, stator

current limiter• Local operator panel including

fault indications• Full redundancy concept possible

(e.g. 2 AVRs)• fully controlled thyristor rectifier• fully digital system from actual-

value detection up to firing pulse generation



THYRIPOL up to 2000 A , 1000 V DC



Standard THYRIPOL, 2200 A



THYRIPOL, (n-1) redundant, 3000 A ( Sidi Krir, Egypt)



THYRIPOL, (n-1) redundant, 4000 A (HPP Xingo, Brasil)



Excitation System

Excitation Control System

Synchronous Machine Regulator

Exciter SynchronousMachine

PowerSystem

Blockdiagramm according IEEEBlockdiagramm according IEEE



Detailed Blockdiagram

Generator Terminals

Limiters andControl

Actual Value andStatic

Power System Stabilizer

ExciterAVRReference Generator



Factory Testing

• Insulation Test• Wiring Test• Visual Inspection• Parameter Setting and Verification• Check of Internal PT and CT Circuits• Check I/O• Functional Testing by Simulation• Test of Chopper• Software Test



Functional RequirementsAutomatic Voltage Regulator

• Better +/- 0.2% Regulation ( System according to Accuracy of PT‘s, typical better 0.5% )

• Range from remanent up to 110% rated Generator Voltage

• Excitation Current Regulator

• Reference values setting by raise/lower or analog input

• Most advanced 32bit Technology



Functional RequirementsModes of Control

• Manual Control Mode ( ECR )20% If 0 ... 110% If nom

• Automatic Control Mode ( AVR )Accuracy < +/- 0.2% Terminal VoltageResponse Time < 0.03s

Smooth Transfer < 0.1% change in Terminal Voltage



Functional RequirementsAuxiliary Excitation Control Features

• Maximum Excitation Limiter (OEL)- with integration mode

• Ceiling Current Limiter - undelayed

• Minimum Excitation Limiter (UEL)- with integration mode

• Volts-Per-Hertz Limiter

• Follow-up Control for Manual Mode

• Reactive Current Controller

• Power System Stabilizer ( Optional )

•Loss of Exciter Diode Protection)



Fault Analysis

Extensive Fault Supervising SystemExtensive Fault Supervising System

For each fault is available:• Fault Number and Description • Fault Value• Fault List• Number of Faults• Fault time• Trace for one event

In Case of no Fault, the Operation Condition is

displayed



I Uf f 1

2

Uf

If

Time in s

I

I

Ifmax

fN

f0

= Output current of thyristor rectifier

= Output current with ceiling operation

= Output current without ceiling operation

= Output voltage of thyristor rectifierUfIf1

2

Ceiling Voltage, Ceiling Current



No-Load Limiter

U

E2

J1

Ed = I1*xd

n



Overexcitation Limiter



Stator Current Limiter



Volts per Hertz Limiter

Voltage Order 1 of one Phase

E1 = 4,44 *1*w*1*f*10-8 [V]

i.e.

FLUX is proportional to Ratio Volts/Hertz



Volts per Hertz Limiter



Computer Representation of AVR according IEEE 421

1 + sTA

KA

1 + sTF1

sKF

KB

VVE < VRmin = 0

VFE > VFEmax : VAmax 1VFE < VFE max : VAmax 2

VFE < 0 : VAmin = 0

VAMIN

VAMAX

VA

VH

VRMIN

VRMAX

VR

--

1 + sTF2

1

EfDHV Gate

KP

UEL

OEL

VREF

-

1 + sTR

1VT

KFF

V*)RSV

V*)RSV : rectifier supply voltage

VS

VS

-



Computer Representation of PSS

1S TD_PDG

VSI - 1S Ti 1PDG

-.

K0PDG

1S Ti 2PDG

.

K1PDG

1S Ti 3PDG

.

K2PDG

1S Ti 4PDG

.

K3PDG

.

K4PDG

K_PDG

VSmin

VSmax

Vs

Static Excitation Systems

Brushless Excitation Systems

Range -200 ... + 199,99 % 6 ... 98304 ms



Model - Calculation ( i.g. Design of DC Fieldbreaker )



Generator Diagramm

Active power (active current)

Max. turbine power

Reactive power (reactive current)A

B

C

DE

Underexcited Overexcited

Operating Point



Picture of HPP Three Gorges, China

14x 840 MVA Generators, THYRIPOL Excitation Systems

Power Generation PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei PG G132 Welcome to SIEMENS Power Generation TRAINING Three...

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Transcript of Power Generation PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei PG G132 Welcome to SIEMENS Power Generation TRAINING Three...