power from speed breaker

8/12/2019 power from speed breaker

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ELECTRIC POWER GENERATED

BY

SPEED BRAKER



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So today our whole life style is dependent on the electricity with the increasing population .the

use of electric power is also increasing. But we know that the resources to generate electricity are

limited and these has leads to energy crisis .In this project we have tried to generate electricity

through speed breaker present on the roads. As we know the vehicle on the roads are increasing

day by day which will help us to generate electricity as these vehicle pass through the speed

breaker .these electricity generated can be used for different purposes such as lighting of signals

and street light on the road.



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Review of literature

summary : our project is to how we can generate electricity by using speed breaker. Our main

rotate battery will get charged and electricity will produce.

Problem faced: 1. The main problem we faced during project was in fixing the bearing in the

hole because we have to weld it and when we continued our welding then the heat generated due

to welding make the bearing to compress due to which bearing was not able to rotate freely

2. There was also problem in the proper alignment in meshing of rack with pinion because rack

was freely hanging and the whole movement was dependent on the meshing of rack and

pinion.so there was requirement of proper alignment

3. There was a lot of problem faced in the facilitation of the instruments .so many instruments

was required but was not available in lab due to which some extra days were also taken

Remedies:

1. There was requirement of experienced welder so we have to move out from campus and

looked for the help of experienced welder and problem was overcome.

2. For the proper alignment of rack and pinion we have to give external rod support from the

back side of the rack so that there should be always meshing of teeth between racks with pinion

gears.

3. We purchased some instruments by spending our money which leads to more cost of project

than expectation. Some-times we also moved to market shops like for gas welding and some

machining operation.



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Scope and objective of the study

The utilization of energy is an indication of the growth of a nation. For example, the per capita

energy consumption in USA is 9000 KWh (Kilo Watt hour) per year, whereas the consumption

in India is 1200 KWh (Kilo Watt hour). One might conclude that to be materially rich and

prosperous, a human being needs to consume more and more energy.

A recent survey on the energy consumption in India had published a pathetic report that 85,000

villages in India do not still have electricity. Supply of power in most part of the country is poor.

Hence more research and development and commercialization of technologies are needed in this

field. India, unlike the top developed countries has very poor roads. Talking about a particular

road itself includes a number of speed breakers. By just placing a unit like the “Power

Generation Unit from Speed Breakers”, so much of energy can be tapped. This energy can beused for the lights on the either sides of the roads and thus much power that is consumed by

these lights can be utilized to send power to these villages.

This project attempts to show how energy can be tapped and

used at a commonly used system- the road speed-breakers. The number of vehicles passing over

the speed breaker in roads is increasing day by -day. A large amount of energy is wasted at the

speed breakers through the dissipation of heat and also through friction, every time a vehicle

passes over it. There is great possibility of tapping this energy and generating power by making

the speed-breaker as a power generation unit. The generated power can be used for the lamps,

near the speed-breakers .As we know there are lack of electricity in so many areas like slum

areas so this will be the best opportunity to get electricity without investing too much .this

technique is fuel free and pollution free



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Research and methodology

Working principle: The principle of the electric power generation using speed breaker

mechanism is very simple. It is based on the same principle as in the case of electricity

generation in case of hydroelectric power plant, thermal electric power plant, nuclear power plant, geothermal energy, wind energy, tidal energy etc. In all of the above power plant

mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. In this setup also mechanical energy is

converted into electrical power using a D.C. generator. Here the vertical motion of the top of the

speed breaker is converted into the rotational motion, which in turn rotates the generator and

generates electricity.

Four major mechanisms:

1. Spring coil mechanism

2. Rack-pinion mechanism

3. Crank shaft mechanism

4. Roller-mechanism

Working procedure of rack and pinion mechanism: As the vehicle passes through the speed

breaker then rack connected with the spring moves down and there is linear motion of rack.

Now, the pinion is attached to shaft which have to rotate .when there is meshing takes place

between rack and pinion then pinion makes the shaft to rotate due to which linear motion of rack

is converted into rotary motion of the shaft (newton third law).As dynamo is connected with theshaft so it will start rotating and through the movement of dynamo battery get charged and

electricity is produced

Block diagram:

SPEED

BRAKER

ARRANGE

RACK & PINION AND

CHAIN SPROCKET

ARRANGEMENT

BATTER

INVERTER

STREET LIGHTS

GEAR

DRIVES

GENERATO

R

RACK & PINION

ARRANGEMENT GEAR

DRIVES



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Name of the component

Component used in the generation of electricity power using speed breakers are as follows:

1. Spring: It is defined as an elastic body whose function is to distort when loaded and to

recover its original shape when the load is removed. It cushions, absorbs or controls energy

either due to shocks or due to vibrations.

2. Rack and pinion gear: The rack and pinion used to convert between rotary and translatory

motion. The rack is the flat toothed part, while the pinion is the gear. Rack and pinion can

convert rotary to linear of from linear to rotary motion

3. Shaft: It is a rotating element, which is used to transmit power from one place to another

place. It supports the rotating elements like gears and flywheels. It must have high torsional

rigidity and lateral rigidity.4. Bearing: A roller-element bearing is a bearing which carries a load by placing round elements

between the two pieces. The relative motion of the pieces causes the round elements to

roll(tumble) with little sliding. They reduce the friction and transmit the motion effectively

5. Motor: It is a device, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The dynamo

uses rotating coils of wire and magnetic fields to convert mechanical rotation into a pulsing

direct electric current through “faraday‟ law of electromagnetic induction”. A dynamo machine

consists of a stationary structure, called stator, which provides a constant magnetic field, and a

set of rotating winding called the armature which turns within that field.

6. Battery: it is used to store the charge obtained from electricity either ac or dc.

7. Inverter: it is device which converts dc power obtained from dc motor into ac power and this

power use for lighting purpose in our daily life such as running fan, glowing bulb, Tv etc.

S. No. Name of the Component Specification

1. Motor: (i) Voltage: 12

(ii)Type: D.C. Generator

(iii) RPM: 120rpm2. Gear: (i) Material: Mild Steel

(ii) No.of teeth: 65(big gear)

(iii)No.of teeth: 14(pinion)

(iv)Type: Spur gear



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(v) No.of gear used: 2

3. Spring: (i) Load bearing capacity: 6- 7kg

(ii)Material: Mild Steel

(iii)Total displacement: 2 inch

5. Bearing (i) Type: Rolling contact bearing

(ii) Bearing no. N40

6. Shaft: (i) Diameter : 10mm

(ii) Material: Mild steel

(iii) Length: 381mm



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This setup mainly consists of an arrangement which is having a shaft with a U shaped projection

carrying a bearing and is connected to the top of the speed breaker. The bearing is provided in

order to permit the relative motion between the shafts. In this way vertical motion is to be

converted into rotational motion. The top of the speed breaker will be provided with the return

spring in order to retain its position after it will be displaced by the weight of the vehicles in the

downward direction. The spring is designed depending on the weight of the vehicles passing

through it. The two ends of the shaft will be fixed with the help bearing. The shaft is made of

mild steel. This shaft will also be provided with the sprocket, as it will rotate in direction of the

shaft. This sprocket will be connected with another sprocket with the help of chain drive, which

is mounted on the other shaft this action is like the bicycle arrangement. The lower shaft also

consists of a gear. A gear is also mounted on the generator and is meshing with gear on the lowershaft this will help to rotate the D.C. generator and in turn will generate electrical power, which

will be stored in the battery and can be used accordingly. The generator used here is permanent

magnet D.C. generator. The generate voltage is 12 Volt D.C. This DC voltage is stored to the

lead 12-volt battery. The battery is connected to the inverter. The inverter is used to convert

12 volt D.C. to the 230 volt A.C. voltage is used to activate the light fan etc. By increasing the

capacity of the battery and the inverter circuit the power rating is increased. This arrangement is

fitted in highways; the complete arrangement is kept inside the floor level except the speed brake

arrangement.



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Line diagram:-



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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION

The experimental investigation is performed by placing the speed breaker arrangement in a pit

with a depth of 75 Cm. Vehicles move over the speed breaker arrangement and the voltage

generated is measured by a millimeters and the various readings are plotted in a graph. Thegraphs are drawn for various parameters as shown below:

1) Voltage generated (Vs.) Trial no

2) Voltage generated (Vs.) speed of vehicle

3) Voltage generated (Vs.) Load

Voltage generated (vs.) Trial

READINGS:

LOAD = 270 Kg (Vehicle load + man weight)

Trial

no.

Voltage

Generated(volts)

1 11.26

2 11.81



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3 10.26

4 9.76

5 10.1

Voltage generated (Vs) speed of vehicle

READINGS:

LOAD = 270 Kg (Vehicle load + man weight)

Voltage generated (Vs) Load

Speed of vehicle=10km/hr



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READINGS:

Load(kg) Voltage

generated(V)

60(man load) 8.33

130 9.45

170 10.22

200 11.23



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FABRICATION DETAILS

The frame structure for the total unit is fabricated using L-Angle frames and ordinary frames.

These frames are made of mild steel. They are held to proper dimensions are attached to form a

unit with the help of welding. Then the bearings which are of standard make are kept in place

with their respective shafts through them and are welded to the frame structure. The shafts are

also made of mild steel. Hinges are used to move the speed breaker arrangement by welding it to

the frame structure. These hinges are responsible for the movement of the speed breaker in an up

and down motion. A rack having eighteen teeth which is made up of mild steel is welded to the

speed breaker arrangement.A pinion which is also made up of mild steel and which has Thirty

six teeth is fitted on the shaft initially, and welded. This pinion tooth is exactly made to mate

with the teeth of the rack. and is placed on the shaft with its axis coinciding with the axis of theshaft and is welded. A special stand arrangement is made to seat the 12v DC generator using

frames. A 12v DC generator is placed within the seat and is held firm using bolts and nuts. To

the shaft of the generator, a small gear made of cast iron is fixed tightly. A larger gear made out

of cast iron is machined well and fitted on the shaft. The teeth on the larger gear are made to

mate rightly with the smaller gear that is fitted to the generator shaft



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Fabrication Model Showing Inner Parts

Wires are connected to the terminals of the DC generator and its other ends are connected to a

Lead-Acid battery. Another wire is taken from these points on the battery and its other ends are

connected to the positive and negative terminal of an inverter. An output wire from the inverteris sent to the tube light. The tube light is fitted to a stand. Mild steel sheets are used to now cover

the whole setup by welding them to the frame structures. A door is made at one side to enable

viewing of the working of all parts. A padlock is welded to the door for safety purposes. The

whole setup is finally painted with suitable colors and the final finishing works are completed.



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To erect the unit practically, a rectangular pit is made on the ground. The unit is now lowered

within the pit, with only the speed breaker arrangement visible outside. A rubber sheet of 3 mm

thickness is fitted on the top of the speed breaker to bring about an aesthetic look and also to

provide protection to moving vehicles.

Output calculation:

Let us consider,

The mass of a vehicle moving over the speed breaker = 180Kg (Approximately)

Height of speed brake = 15 cm

Work done = Force x Distance

Here,

Force =Weight of the Body

=180Kg x 9.81

=1765.8N

Distance traveled by the body

= Height of the speed brake

=15cm

Output power =Work done/Sec

= (1765.8 x 0.15)/60 = 4.415Watts (For One pushing force)

Power developed for 1 vehicle passing over the speed breaker arrangement for one minute =

4.415 watts

Power developed for 60 minutes (1 hr.) = 264.9 watt

Power developed for 24 hours = 6.357 Kw

This power is sufficient to burn four street lights in the roads in the night .



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Application

Power generation using speed breaker system can be used in most of the places such as:

1. This technique can be used in all highways. 2. This technique can be used in all roadwaysSpeed brake. 3. This mechanism of generating of electricity can be placed on the actual speed

breaker of the roads. The power is generated when the vehicles pass through it. Which in can be

stored in the battery. This power can be used in many places after using the inverter, which

enhances in the voltage from 12 volts to 230 volts. This power can be used in the following:

(i) Street Lights.

(ii) Road Signals.

(iii) Sign boards on the roads.

(iv) Lighting of the bus stops.

(v) Lighting of the check post on the highways etc .

ADVANTAGES

Pollution free power generation.

Simple construction, mature technology, and easy maintenance.

No manual work necessary during generation.

Energy available all year round.

No fuel transportation problem.

No consumption of any fossil fuel which is non-renewable source of energy.

Uninterrupted power generation during day and night.

Maximum utilization of energy.

Load to the piston cylinder arrangement is freely got by movement of vehicles. No fuel storage is required



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Future scope

Suitable at parking of multiplexes, malls, toll booths, signal etc.

Uses: Charging batteries and using them to light up the Streets etc.

Such speed breakers can be designed for heavy vehicles, Thus increasing input torque

and ultimately output of generator.

More suitable and compact mechanisms to enhance Efficiency.

Conclusion

In coming days , this will prove a great boon of the world ,since it will save a lot of

electricity of power plants that gets wasted in illuminating the street lights. as the

conventional sources are depleting very fast, then it’s time to think of alternatives. we got

to save the power gained from the conventional sources of efficient use. So this idea not

only provides alternatives but also adds to the economy of country .but this vehicular

traffic can be utilize for power generated by means of new technique called “powe r

hump”.it has advantages that it does not utilize any external sources .now the time has

come to put forte these type of innovative ideas, and researches should be done to

upgraid their implication.

The existing source of energy such as coal, oil etc may not be adequate to meet the ever

increasing energy demand. These conventional sources of energy are also depleting and

may be exhausted.

It is an nonconventional type of producing the energy. This project is one step to path of

exploring the possibilities of energy from several nonconventional energy sources.



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REFERENCES

[1]. Sharma, P.C., “Non -conventional power plants”, Public Printing Service, New Delhi, 2003.

[2]. Theory of machine by R.S.KHURMI (S CHAND)

[3]theory of machine by s.s.ratan

[4] design of machine elements. By v. b. bhandhari

[5]www.howstuffworks.com

[6]www.wikipedia.com

[7] dept. of mechanical engg lpu,jalandhar,india.

http://www.howstuffworks.com/

http://www.wikipedia.com/

http://www.wikipedia.com/

http://www.howstuffworks.com/

power from speed breaker

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