Power Electronics in New and Renewable Energy Systems
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Transcript of Power Electronics in New and Renewable Energy Systems
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Power Electronics in New and Renewable Energy Systems
Mohammad A. Abusara Lecturer in control and Power ElectronicsRenewable Energy Research GroupCollege of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences
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Outline
Microgrid
Grid Connected Interleaved Inverter
Exhaust Heat Energy Recovery Systems
Marine Renewable Energy
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Microgrid System
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Microgrid System
Transformer
Critical loads
Non-critical loads
Main switch
SwitchDG
Grid
Buck IGBT
Boost IGBT
Buck mode
Boost mode
Bidirectional DC/DC converterDclink
Boost IGBT
35kWHr lithium-ion batteries (60kVA Inverter)
100kW micro Gas Turbine
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MicroGrid: Controller Structure
Droop Controller
Voltage Controller
Battery Management
Power Measurement
Virtual L
Buck IGBT
Boost IGBT
Buck mode
Boost mode
Bidirectional DC/DC converter
Dc-Link Voltage
Controller
P
* 0P
* 0P
*P
nP
nQ
*Q
Charging
Discharging
Grid
Island
++ +
--
- refV
Q
*dclinkV
dclinkV
Charging/Dischaging
Grid/Island
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Microgrid Challenges and Features
Challenges• Maintain stability during connection, disconnection, load application/shedding
• Good Load sharing in island mode
• Good current quality in grid-connected mode
Features• Seamless transfer from grid-connected mode to island mode and vice versa
• Improved current quality
• Improved transient response
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Microgrid-Practical Test
Battery
Power Electronics
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Microgrid-Practical Results
Transformer
Critical loads
Non-critical loads
Main switch
SwitchDG
Grid
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Microgrid-Practical Results
The effect of virtual impedance on improving current THD
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Grid Connected Interleaved Inverter
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Interleaved Concept
One channel is replaced by a number of channels connected in parallel
Switching instants are phase shifted equally over a switching period
Introduced for telecommunication power supplies (low voltage high current)
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Interleaved Inverter- Advantages
Smaller Power Switches
Smaller capacitors
Smaller Inductor
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Novel DC/AC Grid Connected Interleaved Inverter
LuL
C
auV
cuV
buV
R
uL
uL
C
R
C
R
LI
L
L
dcV
1LI
OutIGV
1inVAdvantages over 2-level topology
Smaller C and hence so high output impedance to voltage harmonics (better current THD)
No need for a second L
Smaller in size
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Controller Structure
)(zK
sL1
*1L
I
1LI
*2LI
CsRCs 1
sLu
1
uV
OutIcV
cV
LI
fV
PWM 1inV
1ModV
Controller
ZOH
ZOH sTde
2ModV
NModVNin
V
)( zK
cVfV
PWM
ZOH sTde
2LI
*NL
I
cV
PWM
ZOH sTde
NLI
sL1
sL11
N
2inV
)( zK
*OutI
fV
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System Modelling
ZOH )( zK
*xLI
sTde
LI
)(sB
NxLI
uV
xinV
)(sA
( )fV z
2
3 21
( )( ) ( )u
u u u
L Cs RCsA s
LL Cs RC L NL s L NL s
1( ) ( )s
d
T sT seG z Z e A s
s
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Passive Damping
• For active damping
• Sampling frequency (35kHz) is only 1.47 to 3.2 times the natural resonance frequency
• Passive damping is possible (small capacitor current thanks to interleaved topology)
ds ff 8
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Passive Damping R
Root locus, R = 0 ohm -1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
20uL H
Root locus, R = 0.5 ohm
The varying parameter in the Root Locus is the grid impedance
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Controller Design
Frequency (Hz)
uLIncreasing
uLIncreasing
Unstable or critically stable
Frequency (Hz)
uLIncreasing
Stable
uLIncreasing
0.5 0.35( ) 100.97
zK zz
Phase Lag Controller
Proportional ControllerK(z) =10
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Robust Digital Controller
Immunity to Grid Impedance VariationsExcellent Current Quality (THD=2.3%)
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
1000uL H
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Interleaved Grid Connected Inverter
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Exhaust Heat Energy Recovery Systems
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Energy Recovery SystemAlthough it is a dominantprime mover and one of themost efficient powersources, a typical modernturbocharged Diesel enginestill wastes significantamounts of fuel energy.
The exhaust waste heat energy can be recovered and converted into useful electrical power
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Components of Exhaust Recovery System
• Fuel Saving 5-7%• Power Boost 10-15%
Turbine + High speed alternator Power Electronics
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Exhaust Energy Recovery
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Organic Rankin Cycle (ORC) System
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ORC System Diagram
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ORC Optimisation
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CustomersOn road trucks Off road vehicle Stationary power plants
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Hybrid Turbocharger
Power Electronics
TurbineCompPM Machine+
-
Motoring
Generating
Controlled DC
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Marine Renewable Energy
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Marine Renewable Energy Systems
Wave Tide
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Thank You