Powe Electronics Unit2 Ppt

7/24/2019 Powe Electronics Unit2 Ppt

1/89

UNIT II

PHASE CONTROLLED

CONVERTERS

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Phase-Control Converters

Phase-Control Converters

Single-Phase

Single-Phase

Semiconverter

Semiconverter

Three-Phase

Three-Phase

Full converter

Full converter

Dual converter

Dual converter

Semiconverter

Semiconverter

Full converter

Full converter

Dual converter

Dual converter

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Semiconverter

..is a one-quadrant converter and it has one polarity

Semiconverter

..is a one-quadrant converter and it has one polarity

Full converter..is a two-quadrant converter and the polarity of its

output can be either positive or negative.

Howeverthe output current of full converter has

one polarity only

Full converter..is a two-quadrant converter and the polarity of its

output can be either positive or negative.

Howeverthe output current of full converter has

one polarity only

Dual converter

..can operate in four quadrants ; both the output

voltage and current can be either positive or negative

Dual converter..can operate in four quadrants ; both the output

voltage and current can be either positive or negative

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( ) ( ) +==

cos12sin2

1 mmdc

V

ttdVV

( ) ( ) +==

cos12sin2

1 mmdc

V

ttdVV

Average Output Voltage

Average Output Voltage

mdm

VV =

mdm

VV =a!imum

Output Voltage

a!imum

Output Voltage

( )cos1"#$ +==dm

dcn

V

VV

( )cos1"#$ +==dm

dcn

V

VV%ormali&ing

Output Voltage

%ormali&ing

Output Voltage

( )

+==

22sin1

2

sin

2

1 22

mmrms

VttdVV

( )

+==

22sin1

2

sin

2

1 22

mmrms

VttdVV

'S Output Voltage

'S Output Voltage

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() the converter has a purel* resistive loa+ o) ' an+

the +ela* angle is , +etermine

a. the recti)ication e))icienc*

/. the )orm )actor FFc. the ripple )actor 'F

an+ +. the pea0 inverse voltage P(V o) th*ristor T1




/. the )orm )actor FFc. the ripple )actor 'F


2=

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( )

( )

( )

23#2$

4"45#$

1"62#$

4"45#$2

22

sin2

1

2

1"62#$

2cos1

2sin

2

1

2

2

2

2

2

===

=

+=

=

+==

m

m

rms

dc

mm

rms

mdc

mmdc

V

V

V

V

VV

V

VV

VttdVV

( )

( )

( )23#2$

4"45#$

1"62#$

4"45#$2

22

sin2

1

2

1"62#$

2cos1

2sin

2

1

2

2

2

2

2

===

=

+=

=

+==

m

m

rms

dc

mm

rms

mdc

mmdc

V

V

V

V

VV

V

VV

VttdVV

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the +ela* angle is , +eterminea. the recti)ication e))icienc*

/. the )orm )actor FF

c. the ripple )actor 'F








2

=

221#21"62#$4"45#$ ===

m

m

dc

rms

VV

VVFF 221#2

1"62#$4"45#$ ===

m

m

dc

rms

VV

VVFF

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the +ela* angle is , +eterminea. the recti)ication e))icienc*










2

=

674#11221#21 22 === FFRF 674#11221#21 22 === FFRF

mVPIV= mVPIV=

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Copyright by www.noteshit.comSemiconverter02/20/16 10


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Single-Phase Semiconverter R!-load"Single-Phase Semiconverter R!-load"

( )

===

=++

!R

!

R

!!!

!!

e

R

#eItiI

#Ridt

di

!

1

$

$11

11

( )

===

=++

!R

!

R

!!!

!

!

eR

#eItiI

#Ridt

di

!

1

$

$11

1

1

( ) ( ) t!R

$!

$!

$!

!

e%

V

R

#I

R

#t

%

VI

tV#Ridt

di

!

++=

=++

sin2

sin2

sin2

12

2

2

( ) ( ) t!R

$!

$!

$!

!

e%

V

R

#I

R

#t

%

VI

tV#Ridt

di

!

++=

=++

sin2

sin2

sin2

12

2

2

o+e 1o+e 1

t$

o+e 2o+e 2 t

R

! 1tan=

R

! 1tan=( ) 22 !R% += ( )

22 !R% +=

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Single-Phase Semiconverter R!-load"Single-Phase Semiconverter R!-load"

R&$ 'urrentfor (hyristorR&$ 'urrentfor (hyristor

( )=

tdiI !R

2

221

R&$ 'urrentfor (hyristor

R&$ 'urrent

for (hyristor ( )=

tdiI!) 2

2

1

R&$ *utput

'urrent

R&$ *utput

'urrent ( ) ( ) +=

tditdiI !!rms2

2$

2

1 2

1

2

1

)V+ *utput

'urrent

)V+ *utput

'urrent

( ) ( )

+=

tditdiIdc 2$

1

2

1

2

1

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The single-phase semiconverter has an '8 loa+ o)

8 9 5#"mH, ' 9 2#" Ohm, an+ : 9 1$ V# The input

voltage is VS9 12$ Vrms. at 5$ H Determine

a. the loa+ current (8$at , an+ the loa+

current (81at ,

/. the average th*ristor current (Ac. the rms th*ristor current ('+. the rms output current (rms

an+ e. the average output current (+c

The single-phase semiconverter has an '8 loa+ o)

8 9 5#"mH, ' 9 2#" Ohm, an+ : 9 1$ V# The input

voltage is VS9 12$ Vrms. at 5$ H Determine

a. the loa+ current (8$at , an+ the loa+

current (81at ,

/. the average th*ristor current (A

c. the rms th*ristor current ('+. the rms output current (rms

an+ e. the average output current (+c

$=t== 5$t

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Single-Phase

Full Converter

Rectification

Mode

Rectification

Mode

Inversion

Mode

Inversion

Mode

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Single-Phase Full ConverterSingle-Phase Full Converter

( )

( )2

sin

2

2

cos

2

sin2

2

22 mmrms

m

mdc

VtdtVV

V

tdtVV

==

==

+

+

( )

( )

2

sin

2

2

cos

2

sin2

2

22 mmrms

m

mdc

VtdtVV

V

tdtVV

==

==

+

+

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Single-Phase Full Converter R!-load"Single-Phase Full Converter R!-load"

( ) ( ) t!R

$!

$! e

%

V

R

#I

R

#t

%

VI

++=

sin2

sin2

$( ) ( ) t!

R

$!

$! e

%

V

R

#I

R

#t

%

VI

++=

sin2

sin2

$

o+e 1 9 o+e 2o+e 1 9 o+e 2 R

!

1

tan

= R!

1

tan

= ( )22

!R% += ( )22

!R% +=

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Single-Phase Full Converter R!-load"Single-Phase Full Converter R!-load"

R&$ 'urrentfor (hyristorR&$ 'urrentfor (hyristor

( ) +=

tdiI !R

2

21

R&$ 'urrentfor (hyristor

R&$ 'urrent

for (hyristor ( ) +

=

tdiI!)

2

1

R&$ *utput

'urrent

R&$ *utput

'urrent RRRrms IIII 2

22

=+=

)V+ *utput

'urrent

)V+ *utput

'urrent

)))dc IIII 2=+=02/20/16 18


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Dual

Converter02/20/16 19


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Single-Phase Dual ConverterSingle-Phase Dual Converter

,igh-Power Variable-$peed rives,igh-Power Variable-$peed rives

21

22

11

cos2

cos2

dcdc

mdc

mdc

VV

VV

VV

=

=

=

21

22

11

cos2

cos2

dcdc

mdc

mdc

VV

VV

VV

=

=

=

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Three-Phase

Semiconverter

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3 Phase Controe! "ecti#iers

$ %perate #rom 3 phase ac s&ppy 'otage.

$ (hey pro'i!e higher !c o&tp&t 'otage.

$ )igher !c o&tp&t power.$ )igher o&tp&t 'otage rippe #re*&ency.

$ +itering re*&irements are simpi#ie! #or

smoothing o&t oa! 'otage an! oa!c&rrent.

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$ ,-tensi'ey &se! in high power 'ariabe

spee! in!&stria !c !ri'es.

$ (hree singe phase ha#wa'e con'erters

can be connecte! together to #orm a three

phase ha#wa'e con'erter.

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3Phase)a# a'e Con'erter

3P&se Con'erter

with

" oa!

Contin&o&s Constantoa! C&rrent %peration

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ector iagram o#

3 Phase &ppy otages

VA %

VC %

V; %

1 2 $

$

1 2 $

$

1 2 $$ R. ).

/. 0.

0. '.

v v

v v

v v

=

=

=

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3 Phase &ppy otage,*&ations


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( )

( )( )

$

$

$

sin =

a!# Phase Voltage

2sin

4

sin 12$2

sin4

sin 12$

sin 2>$

R. an m

m

/. bn m

m

0. cn m

m

m

v v V t

V

v v V t

V t

v v V t

V t

V t

= =

=

= =

= = = +

= +

=

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van

vbn

vcn

van

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io1Ia

Constant 8oa+

Current

Ia

Ia

:ach th*ristor con+ucts )or 24 12$$.

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(o eri'e an,-pression #or the

'erage %&tp&t otage o# a3Phase )a# a'e Con'erter

with " oa!

#or Contin&o&s oa! C&rrent

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( )

( )

( )

$1

$

2

$

4

$

4$5

" 1"$

5

3 23$

5

2:ach th*tistor con+ucts )or 12$ or ra+ians

4

( is triggered at t

( is triggered at t

( is triggered at t

= + = + = + = + = + = +

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( )

( )

"

5

5

"

5

5

4sin #

2

4

cos2

4 "cos cos2 5 5

mdc

mdc

mdc

VV t d t

V

V t

VV

+

+

+

+

=

=

= + + +

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( ) ( )

( ) ( )

( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( )

$ $

$

%ote )rom the trigonometric relationshipcos cos #cos sin #sin

" "cos cos sin sin

5 542

co

cos 1"$ cos sin 1"$ sin4

2 cos 4$

s #cos sin sin5 5

#cos

mdc

mdc

)

VV

0 ) 0 ) 0

VV

+ =

+ =

+

+

+=

( ) ( )$sin 4$ sin

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( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( )( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

$ $

$ $ $ $

$ $

$ $

$

$

$

$

$ $

%ote? cos 1

cos 17$ 4$ cos sin 17$ 4$ sin4

2 cos 4$ #cos sin 4$ sin

cos 4$ cos sin 4$ sin42 cos 4$ #cos sin 4$ s

7$ 4$ cos 4$

sin 17$ 4$ sin 4$

in

mdc

mdc

VV

VV

=

+ = +

+ + =

+

=

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( ) ( )

( )

( ) ( )

( )

$4 2cos 4$ cos

24 4

2 cos2 2

4 4 44 cos cos

2 2

4cos

2


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( )ma!

The ma!imum average or +c output voltage is

o/taine+ at a +ela* angle $ an+ is given /*

4 4

2


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( ) ( )

( )

1" 25

2 2

5

1

2

The rms value o) output voltage is )oun+ /*

using the e@uation

4sin #

2

an+ we o/tain

1 44 cos 25 7

m* R&$

m* R&$

V V t d t

V V

+

+

=

= +

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3 Phase )a# a'eControe! "ecti#ier %&tp&t

otage a'e#orms +or "oa!

at

i##erent (rigger nges

02/20/16 39


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$

$

4 $ $

4 $ $

5 $ $

5 $ $

6 $ $

6 $ $

1 2 $ $

1 2 $ $

1 " $$

1 " $$

1 7 $ $

1 7 $ $

2 1 $ $

2 1 $ $

2 > $ $

2 > $ $

2 3 $ $

2 3 $ $

4 $ $ $

4 $ $ $

4 4 $ $

4 4 $ $

4 5 $ $

4 5 $ $

4 6 $$

4 6 $$

> 2 $ $

> 2 $ $

V a n

V

$

V

$

V a n

9 4 $ $

9 5 $ $

V / n

V / n

V c n

V c n

t

t

300

600

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$

4 $ $

5 $ $

6 $ $

1 2 $ $

1 " $ $

1 7 $ $

2 1 $ $

2 > $ $

2 3 $ $

4 $ $ $

4 4 $ $

4 5 $ $

4 6 $ $

> 2 $ $

V

$

V a n

9 6 $ $

V / n

V c n

t

900

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3 Phase )a# a'e

Controe! "ecti#ier ith

" oa!an!

" oa! with +

02/20/16 42


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a a

/ /

c c

'

V$

8

' V $

T1

T2

T4

n n

T1

T2

T4

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3 Phase )a# a'eControe! "ecti#ier %&tp&t

otage a'e#orms +or " oa!or " oa! with +

at

i##erent (rigger nges

02/20/16 44


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$

$

4 $ $

4 $ $

5 $ $

5 $ $

6 $ $

6 $ $

1 2 $ $

1 2 $ $

1 " $ $

1 " $ $

1 7 $$

1 7 $$

2 1 $ $

2 1 $ $

2 > $ $

2 > $ $

2 3 $ $

2 3 $ $

4 $ $ $

4 $ $ $

4 4 $ $

4 4 $ $

4 5 $ $

4 5 $ $

4 6 $$

4 6 $$

> 2 $ $

> 2 $ $

Vs

V$

Va n

9 $

9 1 " $

V/ n V c n

t

Va n

V / n V c n

t

00

150

02/20/16 45


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$

$

4 $ $

4 $ $

5 $ $

5 $ $

6 $ $

6 $ $

1 2 $ $

1 2 $ $

1 " $ $

1 " $ $

1 7 $ $

1 7 $ $

2 1 $ $

2 1 $ $

2 > $$

2 > $$

2 3 $$

2 3 $$

4 $ $ $

4 $ $ $

4 4 $ $

4 4 $ $

4 5 $ $

4 5 $ $

4 6 $ $

4 6 $ $

> 2 $ $

> 2 $ $

V$

9 4 $ $

Va n

V/ n V c n

t

V$

9 5 $ $

Va n

V/ n V c n

t

300

600

02/20/16 46


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(o eri'e n

,-pression +or (he 'erage %r

c %&tp&t otage %#

3 Phase )a# a'e Con'erterith "esisti'e oa!

%r" oa! ith +

02/20/16 47


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( )

( )

( )

( )( )

$

1

$ $

1

$

2

$ $

2

$

4$5

4$ 17$ =

sin

" 1"$

5

1"$ 4$$ =sin 12$

* an m

* bn m

( is triggered at t

( conducts from to

v v V t

( is triggered at t

( conducts from tov v V t

= + = +

+

= =

= + = +

+= =

02/20/16 48


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( )

( )( )

( )

$

4

$ $

4

$

$

3 23$5

23$ >2$ =

sin 2>$

sin 12$

* cn m

m

( is triggered at t

( conducts from to

v v V t

V t

= + = +

+= =

= +

02/20/16 49


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( )

( ) ( )

( )

( )

$

$

$

$

$

$

17$

4$

$ $

17$

4$

17$

4$

4#

2

sin = )or 4$ to 17$

4 sin #2

4 sin #2

dc *

* an m

dc m

mdc

V v d t

v v V t t

V V t d t

VV t d t

+

+

+

=

= = = +

=

=

02/20/16 50


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( )

( )

$

$

17$

4$

$ $

$

$

4cos

2

4cos17$ cos 4$

2

cos17$ 1, we get

4 1 cos 4$2

m

dc

m

dc

mdc

VV t

VV

VV

+

=

= + +

=

= + +

Q

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(hree Phase emicon'erters

$ 3 Phase semicon'erters are &se! in n!&stria

!c !ri'e appications &pto 120: power o&tp&t.

$ inge *&a!rant operation is possibe.$ Power #actor !ecreases as the !eay ange

increases.

$ Power #actor is better than that o# 3 phase ha#wa'e con'erter.

02/20/16 52


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3 Phase)a# Controe! ;ri!ge Con'erter

emi Con'erter

with )ighy n!&cti'e oa! Contin&o&s "ippe #ree oa!

C&rrent

02/20/16 53


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a'e #orms o# 3 Phase

emicon'erter #or< 600

02/20/16 55


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$ $

1

4 phase semiconverter output ripple )re@uenc* o)

output voltage is 4

The +ela* angle can /e varie+ )rom $ to

During the perio+

4$ 21$

3 , th*ristor T is )orwar+ /iase+5 5

$f

t

t

se! #or appications &p to 2 mega watt o&tp&t

power e'e.

$ &a con'erter consists o# two 3 phase #&

con'erters which are connecte! in parae in

opposite !irections across a common oa!.

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%&tp&ts o# Con'erters 1 2

$ &ring the inter'a /6 ? 1 to /2 ? 1=the ine to ine 'otage vabappears across

the o&tp&t o# con'erter 1 an! vbcappearsacross the o&tp&t o# con'erter 2

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( )

( )

( )

$

$

$

$

R. an m

m

/. bn m m

0. cn m m

m

v v V t

V

v v V t V t

v v V t V t

V t

= ==

= = = = = + = +

=

02/20/16 76


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( )

( )

( )

$

$

$

$

R. an m

m

/. bn m m

0. cn m m

m

v v V t

V

v v V t V t

v v V t V t

V t

= ==

= = = = = + = +

=

02/20/16 77


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(o obtain an ,-pression #or the Circ&ating

C&rrent

# vO1an! vO2are the o&tp&t 'otages o#

con'erters 1 an! 2 respecti'ey= theinstantaneo&s 'otage across the c&rrent

imiting in!&ctor !&ring the inter'a

/6 ? 1 t /2 ? 1 is gi'en by

02/20/16 78


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1 2

4 sin sin5 2

4 cos5

The circulating current can /e calculate+ /*using the e@uation

r * * ab bc

r m

r m

v v v v v

v V t t

v V t

= + =

= +

=

02/20/16 79


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( ) ( )

( ) ( )

( )

( )

1

1

5

5

1

ma!

1#

14 cos #

5

4sin sin

5

4

t

r r

r

t

r m

r

m

r

r

m

r

r

i t v d t

!

i t V t d t !

Vi t t

!

Vi!

+

+

=

=

=

=

02/20/16 80


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+o&r @&a!rant %peration

02/20/16 81


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$ (here are two !i##erent mo!es o#

operation. Circ&ating c&rrent #ree

non circ&ating mo!e o# operation

Circ&ating c&rrent mo!e o# operation

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Aon Circ&ating

C&rrent Bo!e %# %peration$ n this mo!e o# operation ony one con'erter is

switche! on at a time

$ hen the con'erter 1 is switche! on=

+or 1 900the con'erter 1 operates in the"ecti#ication mo!e

!cis positi'e= !cis positi'e an! hence the

a'erage oa! power P!cis positi'e.$ Power #ows #rom ac so&rce to theoa!

02/20/16 83


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$ hen the con'erter 1 is on=

+or 1< 900the con'erter 1operates in the n'ersion mo!e

!cis negati'e= !cis positi'e an! the

a'erage oa! power P!cis negati'e.

$ Power #ows #rom oa! circ&it to ac

so&rce.

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+or 2 900the con'erter 2 operates inthe "ecti#ication mo!e

!cis negati'e= !cis negati'e an! the

a'erage oa! power P!cis positi'e.$ (he o&tp&t oa! 'otage oa! c&rrent

re'erse when con'erter 2 is on.

$ Power #ows #rom ac so&rce to the oa!

02/20/16 85


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+or 2< 900the con'erter 2 operates in then'ersion mo!e

!cis positi'e= !cis negati'e an! the a'erage

oa! power P!cis negati'e.

$ Power #ows #rom oa! to the ac so&rce.

$ ,nergy is s&ppie! #rom the oa! circ&it to the ac

s&ppy.

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$ ;oth the con'erters are switche! on at the same

time.

$ %ne con'erter operates in the recti#ication mo!e

whie the other operates in the in'ersion mo!e.

$ (rigger anges 1 2are a!D&ste! s&ch that 1? 2 1800

Circ&ating C&rrent

Bo!e %# %peration

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hen 1 900= con'erter 1 operatesas a controe! recti#ier. 2 is ma!egreater than 900 an! con'erter 2

operates as an n'erter.$ !cis positi'e !cis positi'e an! P!c

is positi'e.

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$ hen 2 900= con'erter 2 operatesas a controe! recti#ier. 1 is ma!egreater than 900 an! con'erter 1

operates as an n'erter.

$ !cis negati'e !cis negati'e an!

P!cis positi'e.

Powe Electronics Unit2 Ppt

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