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Chapter 9: Powder Microscopy

183 Ph. D. Thesis: Miss Sandhya V. Rodge, 2015

POWDER MICROSCOPY

Powder analysis plays a significant role in identification of crude drug.

These characters will help in the identification of right variety and search for

adulterants. Powder microscopy is one of the simplest and cheapest methods to start

with for establishing the correct identity of the source materials. It is useful for further

pharmacological and therapeutic evaluation along with the standardization of plant

material. Preliminary examination and behavior of the powder with different chemical

reagents was carried out and microscopical examination was carried out after

treatment with different reagents like Phloroglucinol, Conc. HCl, Ruthenium red,

Acetic acid and Iodine solution.

9.1 Powder analysis of Coccinia grandis leaf

9.1.1 Preliminary test

Leaf powder was characterized by morphological features like dark green

colour, presence of specific characteristic and bitter taste (Fig No 129).

Sr. No, Test Observation Inference

1 Colour Green Leaf drug

2 Odour Specific Aromatic crude drug

3 Taste Bitter Drug contain triterpenoids

Table No.129: Preliminary test of Coccinia grandis leaf powder

9.1.2 Microscopical observation of Coccinia grandis leaf powder

Microscopic study of powder reveals the presence of xylem, vessel elements,

epidermal cells and spongy mesophyll parenchyma (Fig No 103).



9.1.3 Micro-chemical test

The micro chemical test of Coccinia grandis leaf powder reveals the presence of

lignified cells, cuticle and crystals of calcium oxalate. The mucilaginous cells,

Hemicellulose, stone cells and endodermal starch grains were absent (Table No 130).

Reagent Observation Characteristics

Phloroglucinol + Conc. HCl Pink colour Lignified cells are present

Power + Ruthenium red Black colour Mucilaginous cells are absent

Powder + Sudan red III Pink colour Cuticle

Powder + Dilute iodine

solution + Conc. Sulphuric

acid

Black colour Hemicellulose absent

Powder +Dilute HCl Soluble Calcium oxalate crystal are present

Powder + Sulphuric acid. Brown colour Stone cell absent

Powder + Dil. iodine

solution.

No Blue Endodermis without Starch

TableNo.130: Microchemical test of Coccinia grandis leaf powder

9.2 Powder analysis of Coccinia grandis fruit


The fruit powder was characterized by its morphological features like white

colour, presence of specific odour and bitter taste (Table No 131).

Sr. No, Test Observation Inference

1 Colour Green Fruit drug



Table No.131: Preliminary test of Coccinia grandis fruit powder

9.2.2 Microscopical observation of Coccinia grandis fruit powder

Microscopic study reveals the presence of oil globules and parenchyma cells (Fig

No 104).



9.2.3 Micro chemical test

The micro chemical test of Coccinia grandis fruit powder reveals the presence

of lignified cells, cuticle, Hemicellulose, mucilaginous cells, endodermal starch

grains. Calcium oxalate crystal and stone cells were absent (Table No 132).

Reagent Observation Characteristics.


Power + Ruthenium red Pink colour mucilaginous cells are present in

epidermis

Powder + Sudan III Pink colour Cuticle



acid

Blue colour Hemicellulose present

Powder + Dilute HCl Insoluble Calcium oxalate crystal are absent



solution.

Blue Starch in endodermis is present

Table No.132: Microchemical test of Coccinia grandis fruit powder

9.3 Powder analysis of Lagenaria siceraria leaf


Powder was characterized by its morphological features like green colour,

presence of characteristic odour (Table No 133).

Sr. No. Test Observation Inference

1 Colour Green Leaf drug

2 Odour Characteristic Aromatic crude drug

3 Taste Bitter Drug contain alkaloids

Table.No.133: Preliminary tests of Lagenaria siceraria leaf powder

9.3.2 Microscopical observation of Lagenaria siceraria leaf powder: Microscopical

study reveals the presence epidermal fragments, small parenchymatous cells in group

and trichome (Fig No 105).



9.3.3 Micro chemical tests

The micro chemical test of Lagenaria siceraria leaf powder reveals the presence of

lignified cells, cuticle and mucilaginous cells. Calcium oxalate crystal, Hemicellulose

Starch grains and stone cells were absent (Table No 134).



Power+ Ruthenium red Pink colour mucilaginous cells are present in

epidermis

Powder + Sudan III Pink colour Cuticle

Powder + Dilute iodine solution

+ Conc. Sulphuric acid

No Blue colour Hemicellulose Absent

Powder + Dilute HCl Insoluble Calcium oxalate crystal are

absent


Powder + Dil. iodine solution. No Blue Starch in endodermis is Absents

Table No.134: Microchemical test of Lagenaria siceraria leaf powder

9.4 Powder analysis of Lagenaria siceraria fruit


Powder is characterized by its morphological features like yellowish colour,

presence of specific odour and bitter taste (Table No 135).


1 Colour Yellowish Fruit drug



Table No135: Preliminary test of L. siceraria fruit powder

9.4.2 Microscopical observation of Lagenaria siceraria fruit powder

Microscopic study of powder reveals the presence of polygonal cells and starch

granules (Fig No 106).



9.4.3 Microchemical test

The micro chemical test of Lagenaria siceraria fruit powder reveals the presence

of lignified cells, cuticle, mucilaginous cells and starch grains. Calcium oxalate

crystal, hemicellulose and stone cells are absent (Table No 136).



Power+ Ruthenium red Pink colour Mucilaginous cells are present in

epidermis


Powder +Dilute iodine


acid




Powder+ Dilute iodine

solution.

Blue Starch in endodermis is presents

Table No 136: Microchemical test of Lagenaria siceraria fruit powder

9.5 Powder analysis of Trichosanthes tricuspidata leaf


Powder is characterized by its morphological features like brownish colour,

characteristic odour and bitter taste (Table No 137).


al Colour Brownish colour Leaf drug

2 Odour Characteristics Aromatic crude drug


Table No.137: Preliminary test of T. tricuspidata leaf powder

9.5.2 Microscopical observation of T. tricuspidata leaf powder

Microscopic study reveals the presence of trichomes and palisade cells (Fig No 107).



9.5.3 Microchemical tests

The micro chemical test of Trichosanthes tricuspidata leaf powder reveals the

presence of lignified cells, cuticle, mucilaginous cells, starch grains and

hemicellulose. Calcium oxalate crystals and stone cells were absent (Table No 138).


Phloroglucinol + Con HCl Pink colour Lignified cells are present

Power+ Ruthenium red Pink colour Mucilage nous cells are present in

epidermis




acid



Powder+ Sulphuric acid. Brown colour Stone cell absent

Powder + Dil iodine

solution.

Blue Starch in endodermis is presents

Table No 138: Microchemical test of T. tricuspidata leaf powder

9.6 Powder analysis of Trichosanthes tricuspidata fruit


Powder was characterized by its morphological features like brownish yellow

colour presence of specific odour and bitter taste (Table No 139).


l Colour Brownish yellow Fruit drug



Table No.139: Preliminary test of T. siceraria fruit powder

9.6.2 Microscopical observation of T. tricuspidata fruit powder: Microscopic study

of powder reveals the presence epidermal fragments, stone cells, lignified cells (Fig

No 108).




The micro chemical test of Trichosanthes tricuspidata fruit powder reveals the

presence of lignified cells; cuticle, mucilaginous cells, starch grains and. Calcium

oxalate crystal, hemicellulose and stone cells were absent (Table No 140).



Power+ Ruthenium red Pink colour mucilaginous cells are present in

epidermis


Powder +Dilute iodine solution

+Conc. Sulphuric acid



absent

Powder+ Sulphuric acid. Green colour Stone cell are present

Powder + Dil. iodine solution. Blue Starch in endodermis is presents

Table.No140: Microchemical test of Trichosanthes tricuspidata fruit powder

9.7 Powder analysis of Diplocyclos palmatus leaf


Powder was dark green in colour; presence characteristic odour and bitter in taste

(Table No 141).


l Colour Dark green Leaf drug



Table No141: Preliminary test of D. palmatus leaf powder

9.7.2 Microscopical observation of D. palmatus leaf powder

Microscopic study of powder reveals the presence of, starch granules and oil

globules (Fig No 109).




The micro chemical test of Diplocyclos palmatus leaf powder reveals the presence

of cuticle, starch grains, hemicellulose. Calcium oxalate crystal, mucilaginous cells,

lignified cells and stone cells were absent (Table No 142).


Phloroglucinol + Conc. HCl No pink colour Lignified cells are absent

Power+ Ruthenium red No pink colour mucilaginous cells are absent in

epidermis



solution +Conc. Sulphuric acid


Powder +Dilute HCl Insoluble Calcium oxalate crystal are absent

Powder + Sulphuric acid. Brown colour Stone cell are absent


Table No.142: Microchemical test of Diplocyclos palmatus leaf powder

9.8 Powder analysis of Diplocyclos palmatus fruit


Powder was dark brown colours, specific odour and bitter taste. (Table No 143).


l Colour Dark green Leaf drug



Table No 143: Preliminary test of D. palmatus fruit powder

9.8.2 Microscopical observation of D. palmatus fruit powder

Microscopic study reveals the presence of calcium oxalate crystals and oval

epidermal cells (Fig No 110).




The micro chemical test of Diplocyclos palmatus fruit powder reveals the presence of

cuticle, starch grains, hemicellulose, mucilaginous cells and calcium oxalate crystal.

Lignified cells and stone cells were absent (Table No 144).


Phloroglucinol + Conc. HCl No pink colour Lignified cells are absent

Power+ Ruthenium red pink colour mucilaginous cells are present in

epidermis





Powder + Dilute HCl Soluble Calcium oxalate crystal are present

Powder + Sulphuric acid. Brown colour Stone cell are absent


Table No144: Microchemical test of Diplocyclos palmatus fruit powder

9.9 Powder analysis of Cucumis setosus leaf


Powder was green colours, specific odour and bitter taste (Table No 145).


l Colour Green Leaf drug



Table No145: Preliminary test of C. setosus leaf powder

9.9.2 Microscopical observation of C. setosus leaf powder

Microscopic study reveals the presence of broken parenchyma cells and starch

granules (Fig No 111).




The micro chemical test of Cucumis setosus leaf powder reveals the presence of

cuticle, starch grains, hemicellulose and lignified cells, stone cells, calcium oxalate

crystal were absent (Table No 146).



Power+ Ruthenium red No pink

colour

Mucilaginous cells are absent in

epidermis


Powder +Dilute iodine solution +

Conc. Sulphuric acid



absent

Powder+ Sulphuric acid. Brown colour Stone cell are absent


Table No146: Microchemical test of Cucumis setosus leaf powder

9.10 Powder analysis of Cucumis setosus fruit


Powder was brown colours, specific odour and bitter taste (Table No 147).


l Colour Brown Fruit drug



Table No147: Preliminary test of C. setosus fruit powder

9.10.2 Microscopical observation of C. setosus fruit powder

Microscopic study reveals the presence of oil globules and starch granules (Fig

No 112).



9.10.3 Microchemical tests

The microchemical test of Cucumis setosus fruit powder reveals the presence of

lignified cells, cuticle, starch grains, hemicellulose and lignified cells. Stone cells,

calcium oxalate crystal were absent (Table No 148).



Power+ Ruthenium red pink colour mucilaginous cells are present in

epidermis





Powder+ Dilute HCl Insoluble Calcium oxalate crystal are absent

Powder+ Sulphuric acid. Brown

colour

Stone cell are absent

Powder + Dil. iodine solution. Blue colour Starch in endodermis is presents

Table No148: Microchemical test of Cucumis setosus fruit powder

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