Poverty in Cuban MiamiPoverty in Cuban Miami

Alex Stepick, Ph.D.Alex Stepick, Ph.D.

Guillermo Grenier, Ph.D.Guillermo Grenier, Ph.D.Data preparation by Emily EisenhowerData preparation by Emily Eisenhower

Cubans’ Year of ImmigrationCubans’ Year of Immigration

38.2%

3.2%

11.2%

19.3%

13.6%10.8%

15.7%

26.2%

3.8%

9.9%

17.0%

10.8%7.9%

12.4%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

Before1959

1959-1964

1965-1974

1975-1984

1984-1993

1994-2000

Born inU.S.

Miami-DadeNation

Age of Cubans in U.S.Age of Cubans in U.S.

60%

17% 24%

17 and Under

18 to 64

65 and Over

60%

20%21%

Miami-DadeNationally

Age by Wave, Miami-DadeAge by Wave, Miami-Dade

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Before1959

1959-1964

1965-1974

1975-1983

1984-1993

1994-2000

Born inU.S.

17 andUnder

18 to 64

65 andOver

Cuban Percent white and black, by Cuban Percent white and black, by wavewave

0102030405060708090

100

Before1959

1959-1964

1965-1974

1975-1984

1984-1993

1994-2000

Bornin

U.S.

Miami-Dade

Nation

Nation

Miami-Dade

White

Black

Comparative Cuban Poverty: Comparative Cuban Poverty: Miami and the U.S.Miami and the U.S.

16%13% 10%

9% 10%9%

65%

70%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

BelowPoverty

Line

Below150% ofPoverty

Below200% ofPoverty

200% ofPoverty

Miami-Dade Nation

16%19%

11%12%

11%11%

62%58%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

BelowPoverty

Line

Below150% ofPoverty

Below200% ofPoverty

200% ofPoverty

Cubans

All others

Nationality and Poverty

0.0%5.0%

10.0%15.0%20.0%25.0%30.0%35.0%40.0%45.0%

Pov

erty

Rat

e

Puerto Rican

Cuban

Dominican

Central American

South American

Poverty by WavePoverty by Wave

12.7% 63.7%

8.8% 76.6%

13.3% 67.5%

21.1% 57.3%

17.6% 56.0%

24.1% 46.9%

13.6% 70.8%

0% 50% 100%

Before 1959

1959-1964

1965-1974

1975-1983

1984-1993

1994-2000

Born in U.S.

Miami-Dade Nation

Below Poverty Line Below 150% of Poverty Below 200% of Poverty At least 200% of Poverty

15.6% 58.0%

10.4% 73.1%

15.1% 64.1%

20.0% 56.7%

17.5% 55.2%

25.2% 44.4%

11.5% 72.2%

0% 50% 100%

Poverty by RacePoverty by RaceNationallyNationally Miami-Dade Miami-Dade

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

White Black Asian/PacificIslander

NativeAmerican

Two or moreraces

Other race

At least 200%of Poverty

Below 200%of Poverty

Below 150%of Poverty

BelowPoverty Line

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

White Black Asian/PacificIslander

NativeAmerican

Two or moreraces

Other race

At least 200%of Poverty

Below 200%of Poverty

Below 150%of Poverty

BelowPoverty Line

Cuban-American Poor and Cuban-American Poor and EducationEducation

33.0%

26.5%

19.7%

8.3%

12.5%Less than 9th grade, not in universe (age less than 3)

9th - 12th grade, no diploma

High school graduate

Some college, no degree

College degree

Age Distribution of Cuban-Age Distribution of Cuban-American PoorAmerican Poor

6.2%

6.4%

7.5%

8.0%

11.4%

14.0%

10.2%

10.9%

13.3%

12.2%

Under 6 Years

6 to 11 Years

12 to 17 Years

18 to 24 Years

25 to 34 Years

35 to 44 Years

45 to 54 Years

55 to 64 Years

65 to 74 Years

75+ Years

Sex Distribution of Cuban-Sex Distribution of Cuban-American PoorAmerican Poor

46%

54%

Male

Female

English Fluency of the Cuban-English Fluency of the Cuban-American PoorAmerican Poor

17%

25%

14%

22%

22% Speak only English

Very well

Well

Not well

Not at all

Receiving WelfareReceiving Welfare

3.9%

2.5%

3.2%

1.9%

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

3.0%

3.5%

4.0%

Miami-Dade National

Cubans

All others

Welfare by AgeWelfare by Age

2.3%2%

6.8%

1.70%

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

18 to 64 65 and over

Cubans

All others

2.5% 2.4%

8.5%

3.3%

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

18 to 64 65 and over

Nation Miami-Dade

Receiving SSIReceiving SSI

5.7%

2.6%

4.7%

2.5%

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%

6.0%

Miami-Dade Nation

Cubans

All others

Welfare by SexWelfare by Sex

2.3%

1.1%

4.0%

2.7%2.9%

1.4%

4.9%

3.4%

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

3.0%

3.5%

4.0%

4.5%

5.0%

Male Female Male Female

Cubans

All Others

Nation Miami-Dade

Welfare by WaveWelfare by Wave

3.5%

2.4%

3.1%

2.4%

3.9%

3.3%

4.8%4.3%

5.6%

4.8%5.3%

4.8%

1.1%1.5%

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

Before1959

1959-1964

1965-1974

1975-1984

1984-1993

1994-2000

Born inU.S.

Miami-DadeNation