POVERTY AS A CHALLENGE

BY : OMAIRCLASS : 9-B

WHAT IS POVERTY ?POVERTY IS ABOUT NOT HAVING ENOUGH MONEY TO MEET BASIC NEEDS INCLUDING FOOD, CLOTHING AND SHELTER. HOWEVER, POVERTY IS MORE, MUCH MORE THAN JUST NOT HAVING ENOUGH MONEY. THE WORLD BANK DESCRIBES POVERTY AS:“POVERTY IS HUNGER. POVERTY IS LACK OF SHELTER. POVERTY IS BEING SICK AND NOT BEING ABLE TO SEE A DOCTOR. POVERTY IS NOT HAVING ACCESS TO SCHOOL AND NOT KNOWING HOW TO READ. POVERTY IS NOT HAVING A JOB, IS FEAR FOR THE FUTURE, LIVING ONE DAY AT A TIME.”

TWO WAYS OF POVERTYRELATIVE POVERTY

UNDER RELATIVE POVERTY THE ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF DIFFERENT REGIONS OR COUNTRIES IS COMPARED. THE CAPITA INCOME AND THE NATIONAL INCOME ARE THE TWO INDICATORS OF RELATIVE POVERTY. ACCORDING TO THE UNO THOSE COUNTRIES ARE TREATED POOR WHOSE PER CAPITA INCOME IS LESS THAN US $725 PER ANNUM.

ABSOLUTE POVERTY

ABSOLUTE POVERTY REFERS TO THE MEASURE OF POVERTY , KEEPING IN VIEW THE PER CAPITA INTAKE OF CALORIES AND MINIMUM LEVEL OF CONSUMPTION .

PER CAPITA INCOME :

NATIONAL INCOME

POPULATION

MEASUREMENT OF POVERTYEXPENDITURE METHOD

• UNDER THIS THE MINIMUM FOOD REQUIREMENTS FOR SURVIVAL IS ESTIMATED.

• THE FOOD VALUE IS CONVERTED INTO CALORIES.

• THE CALORIC VALUE OF FOOD IS THEN CONVERTED INTO THE MONEY VALUE I.E. IN RUPEES.

• THE TOTAL EQUIVALENT AMOUNT IS CONSIDERED AS THE POVERTY LINE.

INCOME METHOD• THIS METHOD IS USED BY THE

GOVERNMENT WHILE DISTRIBUTING FOOD THROUGH PDS AT THE LOCAL LEVEL.

• UNDER THIS A POVERTY LINE IS FIXED BY THE GOVERNMENT.

• ALL THE FAMILIES WHOSE TOTAL INCOME IS LESS THAN THE POVERTY LINE FIXED BY THE GOVERNMENT ARE CONSIDERED AS BPL.

WHAT IS POVERTY LINE?POVERTY LINE IS THE LINE WHICH INDICATES THE LEVEL OF PURCHASING POWER REQUIRED TO SATISFY THE MINIMUM NEEDS OF A PERSON. IT REPRESENTS THE CAPACITY TO SATISFY THE MINIMUM LEVEL OF HUMAN NEEDS. THE LINE DIVIDES THE PEOPLE INTO 2 GROUPS : 1. ABOVE POVERTY LINE 2.BELOW POVERTY LINE

VULNERABLE GROUP

POVERTY AND OCCUPATION BOTH ARE CO-RELATED. MOST OF THE POOR PEOPLE INCLUDE AGRICULTURAL AND CASUAL LABORERS, THE SCS , STS AND THE PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED.

POVERTY IN INDIAN STATES

POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMMES

• SWARNA JAYANTI GRAM SWAROZGAR YOJANA (SGSY)• SAMPOORNA GRAMIN ROZGAR YOJANA (SGRY)• PRIME MINISTER’S ROZGAR YOJANA (PMRY)• SWARNAJAYANTI SHAHARI ROZGAR YOJANA (SSRY)• PRADHAN MANTRI GRAMODAYA YOJANA (PMGY)• NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE ACT (NREGA)

POVERTY IN THE WORLD