Potential of Biomass in Serbia

EUROPEAN COMMISSION

European UnionSustainable Energy Week

11-15 April 2011

Potential of Biomass in Serbia

Dragoslava StojiljkovicUniversity of Belgrade – Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

11 April 2011

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Biomass - context

Potential

Utilization

Society of Thermal Engineers of Serbia

CostsGHG reduction

Agriculture

Forestry

Energy crops

Electricity

Heat

Fuels for transport

economic

theoretical

technical

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Biomass - definition

Biomass - material of biological origin excluding material embedded in geological formations and transformed to fossil (CEN/TS 14588).

Biomass residues - biomass originating from well defined side-streams from agricultural, forestry and related industrial operations(CEN/TS 14588).

Biomass - renewable energy source, organic matter of vegetable or animal origin - wood, straw, vegetable residues from agricultural production, manure, the organic part of municipal solid waste(Directive 2001/77/EC).


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Source: C. Panoutsou, Brussels, 2009.

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Source: C. Panoutsou, Brussels, 2009.

EEA – European Environment Agency

LOT5 - study LOT5 Bioenergy, Bioenergy's role in the EU energy market: A view of developments until 2020. Report to the European Commission

IEE – Intelligent Energy Europe

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Serbia - RES

SHPP14% Biomass

62%

Geothermal5%

Wind5%

Solar14%


0,60Solar

0,20Wind

0,20Geothermal

0,60SHPP

2,70Biomass

MtoePotential

WoodWood biomassbiomass–– 11,0,0 MtoeMtoeAgricultural Agricultural biomasbiomas –– 1,7 1,7 MtoeMtoe

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Serbia – Wood biomassSociety of Thermal Engineers of Serbia

Theoretical and available forest rest wood

Theoretical and available rest wood from wood processing industry

Source: Glavonjic B.: The potential of wood biomass in Serbia, Belgrade, 2009.

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Serbia –Technical potentialSociety of Thermal Engineers of Serbia

Residual Biomass

Land Use

Forestry – Wood Crops, Yields

ForestsCrop Land

Cutting/Thinning Yield, Residues

AgricultureResidues

Wood Industry

Wood Industry

ResiduesForestResidues

Fuelwood

Fuelwood

Theoretical Potential

Technical Available Potential

Competitive usesAvailability constraints

Residual Biomass

Land Use

Forestry – Wood Crops, Yields

ForestsCrop Land

Cutting/Thinning Yield, Residues

AgricultureResidues

Wood Industry

Wood Industry

ResiduesForestResidues

Fuelwood

Fuelwood

Theoretical Potential

Technical Available Potential

Competitive usesAvailability constraints

Bottom up approach to estimate biomass potential

Source: Perakis C. et al. : Strategic analysis for the bioenergy sector in Western Balkan countries as well as Moldova and Ukraine, 18th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition From Research to Industry and Markets, Lyon, 2010.

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Serbia –Technical potentialSociety of Thermal Engineers of Serbia

Source: Perakis C. et al. : Strategic analysis for the bioenergy sector in Western Balkan countries as well as Moldova and Ukraine, 18th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition From Research to Industry and Markets, Lyon, 2010.

Estimated biomass potentials (PJ) 0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Ukraine

Serbia

Croatia

Moldov

aBiH

Albania

FYROMMon

teneg

ro

Wood industry and forest residuesFuelw oodLivestock residuesArboricultural residues Field crop residues

Biomass contribution (per feedstock type) to the total potential in each country

+ ?

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Serbia - legislationSociety of Thermal Engineers of Serbia

……

Amendments to the Program for Implementation of Energy Sector Development Strategy 2007-2012 (OJ 99/2009) elaborate Strategy in more details and define priorities for utilization of renewable energy sources. Program is updated every two year, and current amendments are prepared for the period 2009-2012

Decree on the Requirements for obtaining the Status of the Privileged Power Producer and the Criteria for Assessing Fulfillment of these Requirements (OJ 72/2009 ) - defines procedure

Decree on incentive measures for electricity generation using renewable energy sources and combined heat and power (CHP) generation (OJ 99/2009) – defines feed-in tariff s for RES-E generation

Regulation on technical and other requirements of liquid biofuels (OJ Serbia and Montenegro 23/06) defines technical requirements for biodiesel and biofuels

……

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Serbia - Targets

The targets for the Republic of Serbia are (OJ 99/2009):

– to increase the share of electricity produced from RES by 2.2% by the end of 2012, as compared to the total national consumption of electricity in 2007,

– to increase the market share of biofuels and other renewable fuels to at least 2,2% of the total fuel consumption in transport calculated on the basis of energy content.


Biomass – 12 GWh (2 MWe)Biogas – 32,5 GWh (5 MWe)

Biodiesel ~100.000 t

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Serbia - From Idea to Power Plant Construction/Use


II

Acquiring the right to Acquiring the right to construct and construct and

constructing power constructing power plantplant

IIII

Acquiring the right to Acquiring the right to generate generate

electricity/heatelectricity/heat

Source:

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Source:

Propisi za korišćenje

Zakon o zaštiti životne sredineZakon o zaštiti prirode

Zakon o strateškoj proceni uticajaZakon o proceni uticaja na životnu sredinu

MEĐUNARODNI PROPISI REPUBLIKE SRBIJE

Zakon o poljoprivrednom zemljištu

Zakon o … obavljanjudelatnosti od opšteg interesa

Zakon o koncesijama

Zakon o komunalnim delatnostima

ZAKON O ENERGETICI

Zakon o privrednim društvima

Zakon o šumama

Zakon o sredstvima u svojini Republike Srbije

Zakon oobligacionim

odnosima

Zakon o planiranju i izgradnji

Zakon o nadležnostima

APV

Zakon o vodama

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Source:

Nadležne institucije

DNA

NARODNA SKUPŠTINAVLADA - MINISTARSTVA:

RUDARSTVO I ENERGETIKAŽIVOTNA SREDINA I PROSTORNO PLANIRANJEPOLJOPRIVREDA, ŠUMARSTVO I VODOPRIVEDAUPRAVA ZA POLJ. ZEMLJ.

AGENCIJA ZA PRIVREDNE REGISTRE

AGENCIJA ZA ENERGETIKU

VODOPRIVREDNAPREDUZEĆA

EPS

EMS

APVVLADA-SEKRETARIJATI:

ENERGETIKA I MINERALNE SIROVINEZAŠTITA ŽIVOTNE SREDINE I ODRŽIVI RAZVOJ

POLJOPRIVREDA, VODOPRIVEDA I ŠUMARSTVOARHITEKTURA I URBANIZAM

UPRAVA ZA ŠUMEUPRAVA ZA VODE

JAVNO-KOMUNALNAPREDUZEĆA

ORGANI GRADOVA I OPŠTINA

RHMZ

RGZ

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Serbia - Problems and actionsSociety of Thermal Engineers of Serbia

Implementation and monitoring

Financial and economic aspects

Technology and knowledge

Communication

Licenses

Security of feedstock supply and demand

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Serbia - Security of feedstock supply and demand


• Lack of an official definition of the terms• adopt the list of necessary terms and appropriate definitions• adopt technical standards for the types of waste that may be used as biomass.

• Lack of official estimates of biomass availability in accordance with internationally recognized methodology

• methodology for estimating biomass availability based on coherent and systematic approach,• define the possibilities and create the necessary conditions to increase biomass potential (e.g. use of

marginal land),• support the process of establishing “local energy managers” and involving them in a system of

biomass availability and utilization,• develop a policy on wood residue to increase the biomass availability – possibilities for long term

supply contracts with biomass fuels manufactures, investment in forest infrastructure, roads and technology for wood residue collection, incentives for developing small businesses for waste collection and for opening waste collection centers in municipalities.

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Serbia - Security of feedstock supply and demand


• Lack of transparent market• encourage the local authorities to integrate biomass as RES in the energy procurement portfolio.• monitor the activities and resolve the administrative barriers related to the obligations of the actors on

the energy market for connection to the grid, as well as for distribution of the electricity/heat produced from biomass.

• introduce and support the co-blending measures for biofuels used in transport according the adopted targets

• Lack of technical standards including a list of raw materials and residues– prepare the list of technical standards and raw materials and residues that qualify as biomass for

energy utilization. The list must include wood/forestry products, agricultural/energy crops, biodegradable waste and by-products.

– implement a biomass sustainability scheme. Encourage the transition to sustainable biomass production, utilization and placement on the market.

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Serbia - LicensesSociety of Thermal Engineers of Serbia

• Lack of an established licensing procedure– Analyze and define the problem and determine the number of licenses and permits currently required

(building permits, grid connection, link to feed-in tariff).– Adopt new procedure - identify the institutions responsible for issuing licenses, define procedures and

time frame and determine sanctions if the institutions exceed deadlines.

• Lack of obligation for certification of appliances and biofuels– Identify all the necessary standards for certification of appliances and biofuels.– Increase national administrative, technical and legal capacities for verification and certification.

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Serbia - CommunicationSociety of Thermal Engineers of Serbia

• Lack of professional association for biomass– establish the professional association (for example, the National Biomass Association - NBA).– establish and cooperate with the national and international biomass associations.– establish a network between the ministries and provincial/municipal authorities in order to realize more

bio-energy projects in the Republic of Serbia.

• Lack of public awareness– support the realization of pilot projects to assist in demonstrating and promoting utilization of biomass

since that already proved as the best tool for promotion (especially among farmers and agricultural households)

– support promotional activities presenting utilization of biomass as RES, as well as, subsidy programmes.

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Serbia - Technology and knowledgeSociety of Thermal Engineers of Serbia

• Lack of demonstration projects for biomass utilization• Lack of participation in international projects• Diversity and complexity of technologies

– Organize the workshops and meetings with selected subjects– Generate a list of recommended alternatives of biomass utilization. Biomass utilization must be in

accordance with BAT and BEP which is the competence of Agency for Environmental Protection.– Promote the biomass utilization by disseminating the obtained results during the demonstration

projects.• Lack of the laboratories and equipment for R&D

– Identify different laboratories for R&D.– Outline the programme of upgrading equipment and staff education in the laboratories.– Support the establishing a network and cooperation between the laboratories on the national and

international level.

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Serbia - Financial and economic aspects


• Lack of competitive micro credits– prepare a targeted programme of competitive micro credits in agreement with the banks. The goal of

micro credit will be to support different bio-energy activities and projects - start up the production (stoves, boilers and other equipment) and purchase of new equipment for switching from fossil fuels to biomass.

• Lack of efficient support mechanism– peepare the list of different support mechanism with detailed description and explanation, as well as,

the possibilities for their financing (subsidy, tax and custom duty incentives, VAT reduction, excise for biofuels for transport).

• Lack of utilization of available funds and financial resources for development of biomass sector

– Encourage the utilization of different available funds and financial resources for development of biomass sector (national funds - FEE and FEP, international and EU funds).

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Serbia - Implementation and monitoringSociety of Thermal Engineers of Serbia

• Formation of a coordinating body - part of National Council for Sustainable Development

• Monitoring the implementation of the outlined actions• Coordinating the activities arising from the BAP• Establishing and evaluating the achieved results• Monitor the progress of biomass realization, modifying and upgrading the actions• Monitoring compliance of the agreements in BAP• Preparing the suggestions for the new version of BAP

• Harmonization with the EU concerning the following aspects:– Unambiguous interpretation of relevant terms and definitions– Harmonized implementation and enforcement of EU regulations– Harmonization of waste processing levels– Harmonization and integration of waste policy and regulations with other areas of policy.

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Serbia – next activitiesSociety of Thermal Engineers of Serbia

DirectiveDirective 22009009/2/288//ECECon the promotion of the use of on the promotion of the use of

energy from renewable energy from renewable sourcessources

National targetsNational targetsSustainability criteriaSustainability criteria

DirectiveDirective 20092009//3030//ECECregards the specification of petrol, regards the specification of petrol,

diesel and gasdiesel and gas--oil and oil and introducing a mechanism to introducing a mechanism to

monitor and reduce greenhouse monitor and reduce greenhouse gas emissionsgas emissions

EthanolEthanol –– 1010%%v/vv/v

Biodiesel Biodiesel –– 77%%v/vv/vRULES FOR CALCULATING LIFE

CYCLE GREENHOUSE EMISSIONS FROM BIOFUELS

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Bioenergy Society of Thermal Engineers of Serbia

Biomass conversion technologies

Source: Bioenergy, 2010 Survey of Energy Resources, World Energy Council, 2010

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Serbia - challengesSociety of Thermal Engineers of Serbia

Energy potential (agricultural and wood biomass) Economic potential (development the infrastructure and

employment in rural area) Research and development (universities, institutes) Technical potential (production of different equipment) Possibilities for marginal land use Finance opportunities (funds, strategic – reducing the dependence

of fossil fuels, EU funds) Environmental protection (GHG reduction, waste management,

sustainable management, pollution reduction)

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Thank You for attention!Society of Thermal Engineers of Serbia

[email protected]

Potential of Biomass in Serbia

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