potential nuclear data needs
description
Transcript of potential nuclear data needs
![Page 1: potential nuclear data needs](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56814caf550346895db9b659/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1P. Rullhusen IAEA-TM on Nuclear Data Library for Advanced Systems - Fusion 31 Oct. – 2 Nov. 2007
Nuclear data for fusion applicationsan experimentalist's view
Peter Rullhusen
![Page 2: potential nuclear data needs](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56814caf550346895db9b659/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2P. Rullhusen IAEA-TM on Nuclear Data Library for Advanced Systems - Fusion 31 Oct. – 2 Nov. 2007
potential nuclear data needs
ITER:– diagnostics– activation (FW, BM, Div, vac. vessel, bio shielding)
IFMIF:– d-induced reactions– n-induced reactions up to 60 MeV
• shielding• radiation dammage
DEMO:– ch.p. induced reactions (d, t, 3He, ... )– n-induced reactions up to 20 MeV
![Page 3: potential nuclear data needs](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56814caf550346895db9b659/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3P. Rullhusen IAEA-TM on Nuclear Data Library for Advanced Systems - Fusion 31 Oct. – 2 Nov. 2007
diagnostics:
for example:
work carried out at IRMM in collab. with JET
activation measurements spectroscopy, partly in underground laboratory HADES
the following slides have been borrowed from a presentation at IRMM by
G. BonheurePlasma Physics Laboratory
Brussels, Belgium
![Page 4: potential nuclear data needs](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56814caf550346895db9b659/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4P. Rullhusen IAEA-TM on Nuclear Data Library for Advanced Systems - Fusion 31 Oct. – 2 Nov. 2007
ITER: Many engineering challenges
MAST JET ITER . Major radius (m) 0.9 3 6.1Aspect ratio 1.3 2.5 3.0Plasma current (MA) 1.4 4.8 15Toroidal field (T) 0.5 3.5 5.3Fusion power (MW) -- (16) 500Pulse length (s) ~2 ~10 >1000Q <<1 ~1 >10 .
Blanket moduleDivertor module
Change of extent of fusion research. Many new problems to solve.Millions of parts with very complex interfacesExtremely high heat fluxes in first wall components, & materials under neutron irradiationUnprecedented size of the super-conducting magnet and structures
presentation G.Bonheure 28/09/2007 at IRMM
![Page 5: potential nuclear data needs](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56814caf550346895db9b659/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5P. Rullhusen IAEA-TM on Nuclear Data Library for Advanced Systems - Fusion 31 Oct. – 2 Nov. 2007
Access: ITER diagnostics are port-based where possible
Each diagnostic port-plug contains an integrated instrumentation package
presentation G.Bonheure 28/09/2007 at IRMM
![Page 6: potential nuclear data needs](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56814caf550346895db9b659/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6P. Rullhusen IAEA-TM on Nuclear Data Library for Advanced Systems - Fusion 31 Oct. – 2 Nov. 2007
Neutron diagnostic systems: 4 types of systems
Time-resolved total emission(non-collimated flux)
Time-integrated emission(fluence)
2D-cameras (collimated flux along camera viewing lines)
Spectrometers (collimated flux along radial and tangential viewing lines)
Fusion power
Absolute emissionCalibration of time-resolved emission
Spatial distribution of emissiontomography
Plasma temperature and velocityPlasma density
Combination of these measurements characterizes the plasma as a neutron source
presentation G.Bonheure 28/09/2007 at IRMM
![Page 7: potential nuclear data needs](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56814caf550346895db9b659/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7P. Rullhusen IAEA-TM on Nuclear Data Library for Advanced Systems - Fusion 31 Oct. – 2 Nov. 2007
1. Time-resolved neutron emission
Fission counters:– 238U and 235U counters embedded in moderator and led shield– Operate both in counting and current mode– Dynamic range: excellent (10 orders of magnitude)– 3 pairs installed at different positions around JET– Low sensitivity to X and radiation– No discrimination between 2.5 and 14 MeV neutron emission– Calibrated originally in situ with californium 252Cf neutron source,
periodically recalibrated using activation technique
presentation G.Bonheure 28/09/2007 at IRMM
![Page 8: potential nuclear data needs](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56814caf550346895db9b659/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8P. Rullhusen IAEA-TM on Nuclear Data Library for Advanced Systems - Fusion 31 Oct. – 2 Nov. 2007
2. Time-integrated neutron emission
Neutron activation method
Sample activity measurements:Sample activity measurements: 1) gamma spectroscopy measurements >>> most widely used reactions at JET: DD neutrons - 115In(n,n’)115mIn, DT neutrons - 28Si (n,p)28AL, 63Cu(n,2n)62Cu, 56Fe(n,p)56Mn >>> detectors : 3 NaI, HPGe (absolutely calibrated)2) delayed neutron counting (235U,238U,232Th) >>>detectors: 2 stations with six 3He counters
Calibration: accuracy of the time-resolved measurements is typically ~ 8-10% for both DD and DT neutrons (7% at best using delayed neutron method) – after several years of work !!
Samples used as flux monitors are automatically transferred to 88 Irradiation ends
presentation G.Bonheure 28/09/2007 at IRMM
![Page 9: potential nuclear data needs](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56814caf550346895db9b659/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9P. Rullhusen IAEA-TM on Nuclear Data Library for Advanced Systems - Fusion 31 Oct. – 2 Nov. 2007
Confined fast ions and fusion productsLosses of fast ions and fusion products
Other fusion products measurements
d + d p (3024 keV) + t (1008 keV)
d + 3He p (14681 keV) + (3670 keV)
d + d n (2450 keV) + 3He (817 keV)
d + t n (14069 keV) + (3517 keV)
+ ICRF accelerated ions
presentation G.Bonheure 28/09/2007 at IRMM
![Page 10: potential nuclear data needs](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56814caf550346895db9b659/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10P. Rullhusen IAEA-TM on Nuclear Data Library for Advanced Systems - Fusion 31 Oct. – 2 Nov. 2007
NaI(Tl)
BGO
BGOHow to measure confined ions with gammas?
Detection of -ray lines due
to nuclear reactions with fuel
and with the main plasma
impurities, Be and C
protonsD(p,)3HeT(p,)4He9Be(p,)10B9Be(p,p’)9Be9Be(p, )6Li12C(p,p’)12C
Fast scintillatorsLaBr3 :Ce (known as BrilLanCe):
•Light yield 60,000 photons/MeV•Energy resolution - better than 3% •Decay times - < 20 ns (NaI: 250 ns)
LYSO:•Decay time 40ns •Better light output ( 32,000 photons/MeV ) •Slightly radioactive ( - and - radiation)
presentation G.Bonheure 28/09/2007 at IRMM
![Page 11: potential nuclear data needs](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56814caf550346895db9b659/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11P. Rullhusen IAEA-TM on Nuclear Data Library for Advanced Systems - Fusion 31 Oct. – 2 Nov. 2007
Activation probe
• SAMPLES activation by charged particles • ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION (v magnetic field)
of radionuclides :
anisotropic for charged particles • Absolute measurements of time-integrated
losses of charged particles• Recent results from D – 3He plasmas• 10B (p,α) 7Be , 7Li (p, n) 7Be• Detection of 14.6 MeV protons from threshold
reaction
• 48Ti(p,n)48V Eth : 5 MeV
presentation G.Bonheure 28/09/2007 at IRMM
![Page 12: potential nuclear data needs](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56814caf550346895db9b659/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12P. Rullhusen IAEA-TM on Nuclear Data Library for Advanced Systems - Fusion 31 Oct. – 2 Nov. 2007
diagnostics (cont.)
work carried out at IRMM in collab. with JET:activation of Ti, MgF2 and TiVAl alloy ( spectr. partly in underground lab)
J. Gasparro et al., Appl. Rad. Isot. 64(2006) , G. Bonheure et al., Phys. Scr. 75 (2007) 769
![Page 13: potential nuclear data needs](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56814caf550346895db9b659/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13P. Rullhusen IAEA-TM on Nuclear Data Library for Advanced Systems - Fusion 31 Oct. – 2 Nov. 2007
diagnostics (cont.)
activation of Ti, LiF, B4C and W ( spectr. partly in underground lab)
E. Wieslander et al., to be publ.
![Page 14: potential nuclear data needs](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56814caf550346895db9b659/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14P. Rullhusen IAEA-TM on Nuclear Data Library for Advanced Systems - Fusion 31 Oct. – 2 Nov. 2007
ITER
activation, rad. damage.
Example: materials under consid. for Blanket ModuleBeAlCuCrZrTiSSinconel
![Page 15: potential nuclear data needs](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56814caf550346895db9b659/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15P. Rullhusen IAEA-TM on Nuclear Data Library for Advanced Systems - Fusion 31 Oct. – 2 Nov. 2007
structural materials
D. L. Smith, Neutron Reaction Data for IFMIF: example Fe
![Page 16: potential nuclear data needs](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56814caf550346895db9b659/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16P. Rullhusen IAEA-TM on Nuclear Data Library for Advanced Systems - Fusion 31 Oct. – 2 Nov. 2007
Summary: what IRMM can contribute
n-induced reactions:– VdG: En ~ 1 MeV – 25 MeV– ch.p. induced reactions (p,d,): up to 7 MeV
(t,x) look for inverse reactions– activation: half-lives > 10 min (external); very long: HADES
~ 10 s – 1 s (beam chopper 1 Hz – 5 kHz)
– high-resolution TOF: total, capture, (n,n') , (n,2n)with installation of new ECR source (end 2007):
– optimised for H, D, He+ and He++ at i>60 A – possibility of accelerating 3He, 6Li (to be investigated)
proposed: 200 A, 2 MV singletron for high-intensity measurements at low energies
![Page 17: potential nuclear data needs](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56814caf550346895db9b659/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17P. Rullhusen IAEA-TM on Nuclear Data Library for Advanced Systems - Fusion 31 Oct. – 2 Nov. 2007
what IRMM can do (cont.)
example: recent activ. meas. on W isotopesV. Semkova, A. Plompen
12 14 16 18 20
5
10
15
ENDF/B-VII JEFF-3.1 JENDL-3.3 EMPIRE EAF-2007
This work (enriched) This work (natural) 2003 Filatenkov 1997 Kong Xiangzhong 1993 Grallert 1959 Lindner
182W(n,p)182Ta
Neutron energy (MeV)
Cro
ss s
ectio
n (m
b)
12 14 16 18 200
5
10
This work 2003 Filatenkov 1999 Filatenkov 1997 K. Xiangzhong 1993 Grallert 1992 Kasugai 1988 Ikeda 1975 Qaim 1959 Coleman
TALYS-0.68 EAF-2007 JEFF-3.1 JENDL-3.3 EMPIRE ENDF/B-VII
184W(n,p)184Ta
12 14 16 18 20
1
10
This work (enriched) This work (natural) 2003 Filatenkov 1993 Grallert 1975 Qaim 1959 Lindner
EAF-2007 ENDF/B-VII EMPIRE JEFF-3.1 JENDL-3.3
183W(n,p)183Ta
12 14 16 18 20 22
1
10
EMPIRE JEFF-3.1 JENDL-3.3 TALYS-0.68 EAF-2007 ENDF/B-VII
This work 2006 Avrigeanu 1999 Filatenkov 1995 Murahara 1994 Satoh 1992 Kasugai 1975 Qaim
186W(n,p)186Ta
182W(n,p)182Ta, 183W(n,x)182Ta
183W(n,p)183Ta, 184W(n,x)183Ta, 183W(n,n')183mW
184W(n,)181Hf, 184W(n,p)184Ta, 184W(n,2n)183mW
186W(n,)183Hf, 186W(n,x)185Ta, 186W(n,p)186Ta, 186W(n,2n)185mW
![Page 18: potential nuclear data needs](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56814caf550346895db9b659/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18P. Rullhusen IAEA-TM on Nuclear Data Library for Advanced Systems - Fusion 31 Oct. – 2 Nov. 2007
what IRMM can do (cont.)
example: upcoming capture and transmission meas. on W isotopesNUDAME proposal:
![Page 19: potential nuclear data needs](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56814caf550346895db9b659/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19P. Rullhusen IAEA-TM on Nuclear Data Library for Advanced Systems - Fusion 31 Oct. – 2 Nov. 2007
what IRMM can do (cont.)
FNG expt. for FENDL validation (contr. P. Batistoni):
Si, Nb, Ni, Fe, Sr, Al: which reactions? which enenergy range?
Be/Li2CO3 breeder:9Be(n,n) n angular distribution:
new set-up for elast. scatt.9Be(n,2n) only cross sections
remark: NRG (A. Hogenbirk) presented at NEMEA-4 workshop a method to carry out uncertainty calculations in arbitrary 3D geometries using MCNP as a radiation transport code.