Potential for Oil Shale Development in the United States Khosrow Biglarbigi Hitesh Mohan Marshall...
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![Page 1: Potential for Oil Shale Development in the United States Khosrow Biglarbigi Hitesh Mohan Marshall Carolus INTEK July 15, 2009 Calgary, Canada.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070308/551c5264550346b1458b4dc5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Potential for Oil Shale Development in the United States
Khosrow BiglarbigiHitesh Mohan
Marshall Carolus
INTEK
July 15, 2009Calgary, Canada
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America’s Oil Shale
• Resource• Technology• Economics• Environmental• Path Forward
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What is Oil Shale?
RockKerogen
Pyrolysis
Upgrade
700 - 800 °F
Syn- Crude Naphtha
Jet Fuel
Diesel
Nat. Gas
Hydrogen
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10 Trillion Barrels of Shale Oil Worldwide
United States
Zaire
Russia
Brazil
Italy
Morocco
Estonia
China
Canada
France
Egypt
Australia
IsraelJordan
Countries With Oil Shale Deposits
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Most Concentrated Hydrocarbon Deposit
2 Trillion Barrels
6 Trillion Barrels
Source: US DOE, 2004
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The Mahogany Zone
• The Most Prolific
• Up to 1000 Ft Thick
• Up to 75 Gal/Ton
Source: Redleaf Resources, 2008
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Oil Shale Production Oil Shale Production ApproachesApproaches
Mining Retort UpgradingResource Refinery
Surface ProcessSurface Process
Drilling Heating UpgradingResource Refinery
In Situ ProcessIn Situ Process
Source: US DOE, 2004
Choke Point
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Shell In-Situ Conversion Process
Source: US DOE, 2008
High Value ProductsPilot Test (Colorado)Pilot Test (Colorado)
Light Surface Processing
HEATER
PRODUCER
OVERBURDEN
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Other Examples of In-SituPilot Tests (Colorado)Pilot Tests (Colorado)
IDT–EGL Resources ProcessChevron Process
FracturesFractures
Injector
Producer
Source: US DOE, 2004
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Ecoshale In-Capsule Technology
Source: Redleaf Resources, 2008
HOT GAS
COOL GAS
Pilot Test (Utah)
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Alberta Taciuk Processor (ATP)
Pilot Test (Utah)Pilot Test (Utah)
PreheattubesVapour
tube
Combustionzone Retort
Preheattubes
Coolingzone
Oil shalefeed
750°C
500°C 250°C
Source: US DOE, 2006
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Gas Combustion Retort (GCR)
• Australia (Project Scale Up)
• Brazil (In Production)
• China (In Production)
• Estonia (In Production)
• USA (In Pilot)
Source: US DOE, 2007
Raw Shale
Spent Shale
RESIDUE COOLING
COMBUSTION
STRIPPING
PYROLYSIS
PREHEATING
Oil MistExtractors
Raw Shale
Spent Shale
RESIDUE COOLING
COMBUSTION
STRIPPING
PYROLYSIS
PREHEATING
RESIDUE COOLING
COMBUSTION
STRIPPING
PYROLYSIS
PREHEATINGMIST FORMATION
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First Generation Project Costs
Item Unit Range
Capital Cost $/BPD
O&M Cost $/Bbl 12-20
40K-55K*
* Barrel of Daily Capacity
Source: INTEK, Inc., 2006
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Economic Price for Oil Shale Technology
True In-Situ
Surface Mining
Underground Mining
2007
Do
llar
s P
er B
bl
In-Capsule
$38
$47
$57Rate of Return – 15%
$0
$10
$20
$30
$40
$50
$60
$70
$35
Source: INTEK, Inc., 2008
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Breakdown of Economic Price for Generic Surface Mining
$47/Bbl
Operating Costs38%
Risk Premium9%
Taxes 19%
Cost of Capital19%
Transfer Payments14%
Source: INTEK, Inc., 2008
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Oil Shale Environmental Impacts
Air Quality
Oil Shale Processing
HCGas CO2 SOx NOx
• CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery• Sequestration• Other Industrial Uses
Capture and Clean Existing Technology
Process Plant Use
Source: SPE #110590, 2007
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Land Use
• 1 MMBbl/D Production for 40 Years– Surface: 31 Square Miles
– In-Situ: 14 Square Miles
• A Small Footprint for a 2.5 MMBbl/D Industry:
Source: SPE #110590, 2007
2.5 MMBbl/d
52 Square Miles
Green River
17,000 Square Miles
2.5 MMBbl/d
52 Square Miles
Green River
17,000 Square Miles
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Water Requirements
• 1-3 Barrels of Water per Barrel of Shale Oil
• Challenges:–Water rights–Ground water protection–Water runoff
Source: US DOE, 2007
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Development Hurdles
• Access to Land
– 70% on Federal Land
• RD & D
• Environmental Permitting
• Fiscal Regime
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Total Resource6 Trillion Barrels
High Quality Resource2 Trillion Barrels
Technical Recovery
1 Trillion Barrels
Reserves600 – 750Billion Bbls
The Prize
$50 - $65 / Bbl
@
Source: INTEK, Inc., 2008
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0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Year
Th
ou
san
d B
bl/
DProduction Potential
(Shale Oil in the U.S.)
Base
Tax Incentives
RD&DAccelerated Scenario
Measured Scenario
Business as Usual
Source: US DOE, 2007
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Summary
• Over 6 trillion barrels of in place resource
• The most concentrated hydrocarbon deposits on Earth
• Conversion technologies are advancing rapidly
• Sustained production potential of up to 2.5 MMBbl/Day
• Substantial economic benefits
• Requires concerted effort by the private sector, governments, and local communities