PotencialGeoMineroEcuador_May2016-UC.pdf

7/26/2019 PotencialGeoMineroEcuador_May2016-UC.pdf

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Geological Minin

Potential of Ecuado

By:

By:

John E. Bolaos

(P.Engineer, M.Sc., M.C.S.M.., QP Geo.)


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Ecuador: 620 Km of the Andes

Surface 283,600 Km2

It is parte of theCircum-Pacific belt.

The Huancabamba

deflection marks a

geological and

structural boundary. Complex subduction

zone creating several

tectonic frames.

Surface of the Andes +

Cordillera Condor 8 M

Ha

Location of tRepublic of Ecu


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The geological literature of Ecuador starts in 1892 when TeWolf published the study Geography and Geology of Ecua

After Wolf, several authors published various geological padescribing geological and mineralogical targets in EcuadorHolloway, 1932 among others).

Later, during the 60s to the 90s, Ecuador signed internatiagreements for technical cooperation with several countri

U.K., Japan, Belgium, Germany, etc. One of the most productive programs carried out in Ecuad

Environmental Control and Mining Development Project

(PRODEMINCA) carried out during 1997 and 1999 with theparticipation and financing of the World Bank and the Govof U.K., Sweden and Ecuador.

BRIEF HISTORY OF THE GEOLOGY


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INIGEMM

VISOR GEOGRFICO y GEOLGICO

Informacin disponible:

Infraestructura

:

Puertos

Martimos,

Aeropuertos,

VCentrales

Elctricas

Patrimonio

de

reas

Naturales

del

Estado

(MAE) Catastro

Minero

(ARCOM) Geologa

Simplificada Base

de

Datos

de

Sedimentos

Fluviales

(Au

y

Cu) Geofsica

Recopilada

Informacin

de

Proyectos

Pblicos

y

Privadoswww

.

geoinvestigacion

.

gob

.

ec


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Roads Net & Portsin Ecuador


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Geological Map of theRepublic of Ecuador,

Scale: 1:1.000.000British Geological

Survey and CODIGEM ,1993


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Mapa de las divisioneslitotectnicas

(terrenos)

del Ecuador.

(Litherland y Zamora, 1991)


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Tectono -MetallogenicMap of the Republic of

Ecuador,Scale: 1:1.000.000

British Geological Surveyand CODIGEM , 1993


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AuriferousPotentialMap ofEcuador

(Fungeomine

Capemine2008

GEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION


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2016

REAL CORDILLERA & EASTERN

SUBANDEAN ZONE

SCALE 1:100,000

GEOLOGICAL MAPPING:

30 geological maps scale 1:100,000 covering

an efective area of about 60,000 Km2

STREAM SEDIMENTS GECHEMISTRYApproximate surface coverage 48.000 Km2

(Source: INIGEMM, 2015)



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GEOLOGICAL UPDATE OF THE

COAST, WESTERN CORDILLERA & AMAZON

103 geological maps scale 1:100,000

Coverage of about 160,000 Km2

GEOPHYSICS

Airborne magnetometry and gravimetry


2016

MINERAL OCCURRENCES SURVEY


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DETAILED RESEARCH OF ZONES OF MINING POTENTIAL.

Additional diamond drilling programs if deserved.

GEOLOGICAL DATABASE OF ECUADOR

Databse and implementation of the national geological roc

repository.

QA&QC (AUDITING):

Through a qualified-profesional consulting firm with the

corresponding geological background to audit processes a

MINERAL OCCURRENCES SURVEY

2016


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MINING BLOCKS TO BE OFFERED INIGEMM

S

GEOLOGICAL AND MINING POTENTIAL


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GEOLOGICAL AND MINING POTENTIAL

OF THE ANDES, ECUADOR

The spatial-time distribution of the Cu

porphyries and related epithermal

mineralizations of the Peru

metallogenic belts are very similar to

those ones in Ecuador.

Source: (Ph.D. Thesis Philip Shtte, 2010, University of

Geneve)


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GEO-STRUCTURAL DOMAINS

(TERRANES)

From West to East Ecuador countswith 6 geo-structural domains:

1. The Fore Arc Basin of theCoast

2. Western Cordillera

3. Interandean Graven

4. Real or Central Cordillera

5. Eastern SubAndean Zone

6. Back Arc Basin of Iquitos

(Figure after Litherland and Zamora 1991)


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(Figure aftZamora 19

1. The ForCoast


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1. THE FORE ARC BASIN OF THE COAST

Is the lower and flat zone to the W.

Cretaceous to Cenozoic basin underlainby aloctonous basaltic ocean crust(Ocean Pion Terrane).

Geo-mining potential:

Fe+Ti+PGMs sedimentary (Esmeraldasand Manabi)

Au+Fe+Cu placer deposits related torivers to the W of the WesternCordillera.

Au+Sb+Hg+Ba Epi-Mesothermaldeposits to the S of the Coast (El Oro).


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2. Western

(Figure after Litherla

2

WESTERN CORDILLERA


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2. WESTERN CORDILLERA

Located between the fore-arc of the Coast and the graven or

InterAndean Central Valley.

Formed by an accretionary prism mainly of ocean crustcomposition, continental crust and accreted Late Mesozoic to

Cenozoic ocean terrains (Pion, Pallatanga, Macuchi). It is overlain by calc-alkaline Post-Eocene continental margin

volcanic sequences.

Geo-Mining Potential:

Au+Pt placer deposits (i.e. rivers in Toisan Cordiller

Au+Ag+Cu+Fe VMS in Macuchi Unit.

Cu+/-Au+/-Mo porphyry deposits (Imbabura, Boliva

Azuay).

Au+Cu High Sulphidation Epithermal deposits (Ma

Unit).


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(Figure af

Zamora 1

3. Inte

3

INTER

ANDEAN GRAVEN


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3. INTER-ANDEAN GRAVEN

Bounded by regional faults with Andean bearing.

Oligocene to Miocene volcano-sedimentary sequences that cover the

Amotape and Guamote terrains. Geo-mining potential:

Au+Ag+/-Cu+As+Sb+Hg Epithermal deposits (Azuay and Loja).

Cu+Mo+/-Au+/-Zn+/-Bi Porphyry deposits to the S of Ecuador

Au+Ag+Cu+Zn+Pb Epi-Mesothermal deposits to the S of Ecuad

Sn+W / U associated to S type Granitoids in the Amotape terra Cu+Ni+Co+/-Cr+PGMs deposits associated to ultramafic rock

complexes mainly in the Amotape terrain.

Fe+Cu+Zn+/-Pb+Au VMS related to the Amotape terrain.

Cu+-Zn+Pb+Ba deposits related to granitoids on the Guamote


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4. REAL CO

(Figure

4 REAL CORDILLERA


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4. REAL CORDILLERA

Assosiated to the Alao Division (Jurassic Island Arc) are:

Ag+Au+Sb+Pb+Zn Epithermal deposits.

Fe+Cu+Pb+Zn+Ag+Au VMS

Cu+Au+/-Mo Porphyry depositsPGMs+Au deposits associated to mafic and ultramaficintrusions.

Associated to the Loja Division (a Triassic S type intrusive) are:

Sn+W in S type granitoids.

Cu+Ag+Pb+Zn+Sn+/-W breccias bodies.

Au+Ag+Cu+As+Zn+Pb+Sb epithermal deposits.

Associated to the Salado Division (Jurassic-Lower Cretaceousplutonic and island arc lithologies) are:

Au+Cu+Mo+Pb+Zn skarn klippes.

Cu+Au epi-mesothermal deposits related to porphyries.(Figure Litherland et. al. 1994)


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5. Easte

Zone


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5. EASTERN SUBANDEAN ZONE

It comprises the Eastern slopes of the AndesCordillera.

It is formed by the forearc belt of the basementcovered by volcano-sedimentary sequences.

It is intruded by large I type batholiths.

To the N of this zone there is the Cordillera del

Cutucu, an uplifted zone that host importantprospects of Au+Cu+other.

To the S there is the El Condor Cordillera whichcounts with tremendous mineral discoveries ofAu+Cu+U+others.


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GEOLOGICAL AND MINING

POTENTIAL

OF ECUADOR


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GEOLOGICAL AND MINING POTENTIAL OF ECUADOR

6. BACK ARC BASIN OF IQUITOS

It comprises the Oriente orAmazonian basin mainly form

by sedimentary and volcano-sedimentary sequences.

It hosts the most important oilfield of Ecuador.

Associated to it there areimportant Au+Fe placerdeposits.

Si deposits are associated to

some sedimentary formations MINING

DISTRICTS

IN ECUADOR


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MINING DISTRICTSIN ECUADOR

1. Imbaoeste (Cordillera Occidental).

2. La Plata district (Cordillera

Occidental).3. Azuay district (Cordillera Occidental

and Cordillera Real).

4. La Bonita district.

5. Cayambe district.

6. Alao Paute District (Cordillera Real).

7. Zamora District (Cordillera delCondor).

(Figure Fungeomine, 2008)

PORPHYRY COPPER

BELTS

OF

THE NORTHERN ANDES


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OF THE NORTHERN ANDES

Imbaoeste District: Chical, Llurimagua,Cascabel

Azuay District: Cu+Mo+/-Au porphyrydeposits: Chaucha, Gaby&PapaGrande, Fierro Urcu, etc.

Zamora Districts: FDN, San Carlos,Mirador, Warintza, Cumay, Tumi, ElHito&Santa Barbara, etc.

(Modified from Sillitoe, Prodeminca, 2000)

EPITHERMAL MINERALIZATION


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Porphyry related epithermalmineralization are known to occurwithin the litotectonic terranes of theAndean Cordillera of Ecuador.

i.e. Gima, Mozo, Encrucijada,

Beroen,etc.


PORPHYRY COPPER

BELTS

OF

THE NORTHERN ANDES


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OF THE NORTHERN ANDES

Each district has been subdivided into

mineralized belts and orefields. For example:The Azuay District (Collay Shincata Belt,Molleturo ore field and Ponce EnriquezOrefield), the Zamora District (Nambija Belt,San Juan Bosco orefield and Pachicutzaorefield).


EPITHERMAL DEPOSITS


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High sulphidation epithermal deposits(alunite-Kaolinite) have been encountered inthe Azuay District (Gaarin Belt, i.e.

Quimsacocha; and Collay-Shincata Belt, i.e. ElMozo , Asaray, Cerro Colorado and LomaQuipal projects).

Some other occurrences of this type ofmineralization have been described to the

south in the Loja Province (i.e. La Encrucijadaand Quinapalma projects) suggesting theextension of the Collay-Shingata belt to thesouth.

(Figure Prodeminca 2000).

EPITHERMAL DEPOSITS


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Low sulphidation epithermal

deposits/systems (adularia-sericite) havebeen described also in the Azuay District(Molleturo orefield i.e. Beroen project;Gaarin Belt i.e. Gaarin project; andCollay-Shicata Belt i.e. La Encrucijada

project).


VMS

DEPOSITS


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Volcanic hosted massive sulphides have

been related to the La Plata District (i.e La

Plata and Macuchi projects) located on the

western slopes of the Cordillera Occidental.

Another important district for VHMS

deposits is the Alao-Paute District located

In the Cordillera Real (i.e. Pilas, Cruzactaand Guarumales projects).


MAIN MINING PROJECTS ECUADOR


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Simbologa:

Proyectos Privados

Proyectos Enami-Ep

9

11

14

15

11

12

13

16

12

34

5

6

7

9

17

1314

12

15

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Fuente: MRNNR, Wood Mackenzie

10

10

Proyecto Co

Mirador E

Fruta del Norte L

Rio Blanco Ju

Loma Larga INV

Panantza E

Cascabel S

Curipamba Cu

Warintza L

Ruta de Cobre South

Condor Gold Cond

Llurimagua ENAM

Tola Norte E

Telimbela EEl Torneado E

Pacto E

La Bonita E

Sangola E

Nanguipa E

17

18

16

18

8


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MAIN MINERAL

DEPOSITS IN

ECUADOR


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GENERAL

RECORDED

MINERAL

OCCURRENCES

IN ECUADOR

(Source: Prodeminca, 2000)


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PotencialGeoMineroEcuador_May2016-UC.pdf

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